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Report Title 15. Jahrhundert 16. Jahrhundert 17. Jahrhundert Report Title - p. 1 Report Title 15. Jahrhundert 1466-1472 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Nikitin, Afanasy. Kozhenie za tri morya Afanasia Nikitina : 1466-1472 = Afanasy Nikitin's voyage beyond three seas. (Moskva : Gosudarstvennoe Izdat. Geograficeskoj Literatury, 1960). [Enthält Berichte über Indien, Persien und China, ohne Aufenthalt von Nikitin in China]. [ChiRus1] 16. Jahrhundert 1582 Geschichte : China - Russland Zar Fedor Ivanovich sendet eine Mission um einen Weg nach China zu untersuchen. [ChiRus1:S. 38] 17. Jahrhundert 1616 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Diplomatische russische Mission unter Vasiliy Tyumenets nach China, die aber nur bis in die monoglischen Steppen vorgedrungen ist. [Mya] 1618-1619 Geschichte : China - Russland Diplomatische Mission von Ivan Petlin durch die Mongolei bis Beijing. Es gelingt ihm nicht, zum Kaiser vorgelassen zu werden, erhält aber einen Brief für den russischen Zaren. [Wik,Slad1] 1618-1619 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Petlin, Ivan. Pervye russkie diplomaty v Kitae : "Rospis'" I. Petlina i stateinyi spisok F.I. Baikova. (Moskva : Nauka, 1966). [Bericht seiner diplomatischen Mission durch die Mongolei bis Beijing]. [Der Originalbericht wurde in London in Purchas, Samuel. Pilgrims. Vol. 14, 1625 gedruckt]. [Mya,Wik] 1639-1674 Geschichte : China - Russland / Wirtschaft und Handel Handelsroute über Bukhara nach China. Zweite Route von Tobolsk über Jungaria nach Suzhou und Beijing. Handel von Baumwolle, Seidenkleider, Medizin, Tee, Rhabarbern. [ChiRus1:S. 165] 1656-1657 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Erste russische Gesandtschaft für Gründung diplomatischer und wirtschaftlicher Beziehungen unter Fedor Isakovich Baikov, die aber scheitert. Durch den Wechsel der Kaiserdynastie versucht Russland nun Kontakt zu den mandschurischen Qing aufzunehmen und so einen neuen Markt speziell für den Absatz ihrer sibirischen Edelpelze zu finden. Doch auch diesmal scheitern alle Bemühungen an den Schwierigkeiten des zeremoniellen Protokolls. Baikov wird nicht zur Audienz vorgelassen. [Mya,Slad1,Cla] 1658 Geschichte : China - Russland Gründung der ersten russischen Gesandtschaft in Beijing. [Int] 1658 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Russische Mission nach China unter Seitkul Ablin und Ivan Perfilyev. Sie bringt einige neuere diplomatische, wirtschaftliche und ethnologische Informationen. [Mya] Report Title - p. 2 1661 Geschichte : China - Russland Kriegszug der Qing gegen die russischen Kosaken im Amur-Tal. [Ger] 1668-1672 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Russische kommerzielle Mission nach China unter Seitkul Ablin. Er hält sich einen Monat in Beijing auf und wird Kaiser Kangxi vorgestellt. [Wik,Mya] 1670 Geschichte : China - Russland Ignaty Milovanov bringt Kaiser Kangxi einen Brief mit Anfrage eines Handels-Austausches aus Moskau und erhält angeblich einen Brief an den Zar. [Int,ChiRus1:S. 61] 1674 Geschichte : China - Russland / Wirtschaft und Handel Handelsreise von Gavril Romanovich Nikitin über Selengnsk, die Khalkha Steppe nach Beijing. [ChiRus1:S. 183] 1675-1678 Geschichte : China - Russland Nikolai Spathar ist russischer Gesandter in Beijing. [Wik] 1676 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Zweite russische Gesandtschaft unter Nikolai Spathar zu Kaiser Kangxi. Sie ist kein politischer Erfolg, ergibt aber einen Bericht über seinen Aufenthalt in Beijing, Beschreibungen von China und einer Karte von China mit Aufzeichnungen über neue Handelswege. [Boot,Mya] 1685-1686 Geschichte : China - Russland Die Qing belagern die russische Festung von Albazin. [Ger] 1689 Geschichte : China - Russland Vertrag von Nerchinsk zwischen Russland mit Fedor Alekseevich Golovin und China. Regelung des Grenzverlaufs zwischen der Äusseren Mandschurei und Russisch-Sibirien. Der Vertrag enthält sechs Artikel in fünf Sprachen : Chinesisch, Russisch, Latein, Mandschurisch un Mongolisch. [ChiRus3:S. 25,ChiRus1:S. 280,Wik] 1689 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Dritte russische Gesandtschaft unter Fedor A. Golowin zu Kaiser Kangxi. Abschluss des Grenzvertrages von Nerchinsk zwischen Russland und China unter Mithilfe von Jean-François Gerbillon und Tomé Pereira. Der erste Vertrag mit einem europäischen Land. Jean-François Gerbillon und Tomé Pereira sind Übersetzer. Absteckung von gegenseitigen Gebietsansprüche. Russland wird zu einem teilweisen Rückzug aus der Mandschurei gezwungen, erhält dafür weitreichende Rechte, mit China Handel zu treiben. [Wal,Col,Cou,Boot,And] 1689-1699 Geschichte : China - Russland / Wirtschaft und Handel Russische Händler bringen aus China Steine, Perlen, Gold-Gegenstände, Silber, Krüge, Holz-Kessel, Porzellan, Jaspis, Pelze und Tee nach Russland. [ChiRus1:S. 186, 195] 1692-1694 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Vierte russische Gesandtschaft über Nerchinsk und die Mandschurei zu Kaiser Kangxi unter Everard Isbrant Ides. Der Kaiser empfängt Ides ca. fünf Mal, erlaubt Handel aber keine politische Annäherung. Alle drei Jahre dürfen 200 Händler für acht Tage nach Beijing reisen. Die Handelware ist zollfrei. Ides erhält einen Brief in Lateinisch für den Zaren. [ChiRus3:S. 26,ChiRus1:S. 188,ChiRus2:S. 43,Ger] Report Title - p. 3 1692-1695 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Hundt, Michael. Beschreibung der dreijährigen chinesischen Reise : die russische Gesandtschaft von Moskau nach Peking 1692-1695 in den Darstellungen von Eberhard Isbrand Ides und Adam Brand. (Stuttgart : Steiner, 1999). (Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa ; Bd. 53). = Ides, Evert Ysbrandszoon. Three years travels from Moscow over-land to China : thro' Great Ustiga, Siriania, Permia, Sibiria, Daour, Great Tartary, &c. to Peking ... Written by his Excellency E. Ysbrants Ides, Ambassador from the Czar of Muscovy to the Emperor of China ... To which is annex'd an accurate description of China, done originally by a Chinese author: with several remarks, by way of commentary, alluding to what our European authors have writ of that country. Printed in Dutch by the direction of Burgomaster Witzen, formerly Ambassador in England ; and now faithfully done into English. (London : Printed for W. Freeman, J. Walthoe, T. Newborough, J. Nicholson, and R. Parker, 1706). [Everard Isbrant Ides ; Beijing]. [Enthält] : Kao, Dionysius. A short description of the vast empire of China. By Dionysius Kao, a native of that country. Illustrated with several pertinent annotations by a learned pen. (1701). https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/COGYOU 375W37SONVGQKVU3OUMTJDCRXB. [KVK] 1696-1917 Geschichte : China - Russland / Wirtschaft und Handel Neun russische Handels-Karawanen mit diplomatischer Korrespondenz erreichen Beijing. [ChiRus2:S. 45] 18. Jahrhundert 1702 Geschichte : China - Russland / Wirtschaft und Handel Handelsreise unter Ivan Savateev über Nerchinsk nach Beijing. Er bringt drei Briefe der Agentur Lifan yuan für Andrew Vinius nach Moskau. Die Briefe betreffen Flüchtlinge, die Regulation von offizieller Korrespondenz und die Öffnung einer neuen Handelsroute zwischen Sibirien und Beijing. [ChiRus1:S. 197] 1712-1715 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Tulisen ist chinesischer Gesandter in Russland. [Wal 1] 1715 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Fünfte russische Gesandtschaft unter Lorenz Lange und Thomas Gowin zu Kaiser Kangxi, um im Auftrag von Russland Handelsbeziehungen mit China aufzunehmen.. [Boot,Cou,Int] 1715-1728 Geschichte : China - Russland / Sinologie und Asienkunde : Europa : Russland : Allgemein Erste russische Geistliche Mission in Beijing unter Leitung von Illarion Lezajskij. Aufnahme von Geistlichen und Sprachstudenten für eine Arbeits- und Studienperiode von 10 Jahren. [Wal41] 1719-1721 Geschichte : China - Russland / Kunst : Architektur und Gartenarchitektur / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Sechste russische Gesandtschaft unter Lev Vasil'evic Izmailov zu Kaiser Kangxi. Er gründet eine Handelsagentur und eine russisch-orthodoxe Kirche in Beijing. Lorenz Lange ist Sekretär. Zar Peter I. von Russland beauftragt Izmailov, dass man Architekten aus China mit dem Bau chinesischer Gartenpavillons beauftragen soll. Izmailov bringt von seiner Mission aber nur Zeichnungen von chinesischen Gebäuden mit. Die mitgebrachten Gegenstände wurden später in die Dekorationen verschiedener Paläste eingefügt. [Cham8:S. 155, 161,Wal,Boot] Report Title - p. 4 1721-1722 Geschichte : China - Russland Lorenz Lange hält sich als russischer Gesandter in Beijing auf. [Lang1] 1726-1727 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Siebte russische Gesandtschaft unter Sava Vladislavic Raguzinski zu Kaiser Yongzheng. [Cou,ChiRus3:S. 88] 1727 Geschichte : China - Russland Gründung der Eluosi guan (Russischer Gesandtenhof) und der Eluosi xue (Russische Schule) in Beijing. [Dost9:S. 59] 1727 Geschichte : China - Russland / Reiseberichte und Gesandtschaftsberichte Russische Gesandtschaft. Chinesisch-russischer Grenzvertrag. 200 Russen wird der Handel mit Beijing erlaubt. [Cou,Cra4] 1728 Geschichte : China - Russland Vertrag von Kiachta = Kjachta zwischen Russland und China. Regelung des Grenzverlaufes südlich des Baikalsees und den
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