DOCSLIB.ORG

2437-IJBCS-Article-Bangala Mada Danie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2437-IJBCS-Article-Bangala Mada Danie Available online at http://www.ifg-dg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(4): 2234-2248, August 2015 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Nécessité d’une gestion des résidus agricoles et agro-industriels à Kinshasa Daniel-Bienvenu BANGALA MADA 1* , Pathy KANYANGA MPOY 1, Nadège KABAMBA NGOMBE 2 et Thaddée MASIMANGO NDYANABO 1 1Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Département de Chimie et Industries Agricoles. 117 Kinshasa XI. Kinshasa, RDC. 2Université de Kinshasa, Faculté de Pharmacie, Kinshasa, RDC. *Auteur correspondant, E-mail : [email protected] RÉSUMÉ La pression humaine sur les ressources naturelles et la pollution environnementale, notamment par les résidus végétaux, constituent deux importantes conséquences du manque de politique structurée d’urbanisation et de traitement des déchets à Kinshasa. Une des pistes de solution à ce problème consiste à intégrer les acteurs qui sont à la base de ce problème. Dans les cas des résidus végétaux, il s’agit des producteurs agricoles et agro- industriels. Dans ce travail, une investigation a été menée auprès de trente producteurs agricoles et cinq agro- industriels localisés dans cinq communes de Kinshasa, dans le but d’évaluer le mode de gestion des résidus lignocellulosiques qu’ils génèrent par leurs activités. Aucun producteur agricole ni agro-industriel, ne dispose des outils d’estimation de la quantité des résidus qu’il génère ; les producteurs maraîchers utilisent presque tous les résidus de récolte pour la fertilisation des plates-bandes en vue de nouvelles cultures, tandis que les producteurs de riz ont un surplus de résidus. Les producteurs agro-industriels connaissent tous un problème d’élimination des résidus végétaux que leurs activités produisent. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots clés : Environnement, pollution, lignocellulosiques, producteurs. Need for Management of Agricultural and Agro-industrial Residues in Kinshasa ABSTRACT The human strong need in natural resources and the environmental pollution, in particular by vegetable residues, represent two main consequences of the lack of structured urbanization policy and of the material waste processing in Kinshasa. One way of solutions to this problem consists in involving the persons who are on the basis of it. In the framework of vegetable residues, this concerns agricultural and agro-industrial producers. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the lignocellulosic residues management generated by thirty agricultural producers and five agro-industrials located in five municipalities of Kinshasa. Among agricultural and agro-industrials none have the use of tools necessary to estimate the amount of residues generated in their activities. Market gardeners use almost all residues of harvesting to fertilize plate bands for new cultivations while rice producers have surplus residues. All the agro-industrials experience a problem of elimination of vegetables residues generated by their activities. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Environment, pollution, lignocellulosic, producers. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v9i4.41 D. B. BANGALA MADA et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(4): 2234-2248, 2015 INTRODUCTION méthanogène (Müller and Trösch, 1986). Par La ville de Kinshasa, capitale de la ailleurs, la cellulose est une source de République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), production du papier et d’autres produits s'étend sur une superficie de 9.965 Km 2 (De (Thiébaud, 1995). Saint Moulin et Kalombo, 2005). Avec une A Kinshasa, une valorisation des population estimée à plus de dix millions résidus végétaux présenterait donc le double d’habitants et en l’absence d’une politique avantage de réduire l’incidence de ces d’urbanisation adéquate, cette ville subit deux derniers dans la pollution environnementale et phénomènes néfastes pour son de fournir à la population de l’énergie bon épanouissement : la pression humaine sur les marché ou de matériaux synthétiques. ressources naturelles et la pollution Pour y arriver, la mise en œuvre d’une environnementale (Lelo, 2008). politique efficace de leur gestion doit dans un En effet, à Kinshasa, l'accumulation premier temps, intégrer les principaux acteurs des déchets de toute nature (matière plastique, à la base de leur production, c'est-à-dire, les épaves de véhicule, débris de végétaux, etc.) producteurs agricoles et agro-industriels dans les lieux publiques et dans le cours d’eau (Koopmans and Koppejan, 1997 ; Koyabizo, cause une détérioration de l'environnement 2012). Ensuite, elle doit passer par une (Lelo, 2008), alors qu’il existe plusieurs démarche de détermination de leur diversité, possibilités de recyclage de ces différents de leur caractérisation et de leur quantification types de résidus qu’ils soient biodégradables (Koopmans and Koppejan, 1997 ; Jölli and ou pas. Giljum, 2005; Cooper and Laing, 2007 ; Singh Les résidus végétaux qui sont aussi et al., 2008). appelés résidus lignocellulosiques ou Pour évaluer le mode gestion des lignocellulose en raison de leur composition résidus lignocellulosiques générés par les chimique dominée par la présence de trois producteurs agricoles, agroindustriels et les constituants majeurs de la paroi cellulaire des scieries de Kinshasa, une étude diagnostique a végétaux, la cellulose, les hémicelluloses et la été menée dans la période entre janvier 2011 lignine (Klass, 2004 ; Ding and Himmel, et décembre 2012. 2006; Dermibas and Dermibas, 2007 ; Balat, Spécifiquement, ce travail a poursuivi 2011) sont issus de la végétation naturelle ou les objectifs suivants : sauvage, de la production agricole, agro- - Identifier et quantifier les principaux industrielle, sylvicole et forestière non utilisée résidus agricoles, agro-industriels produits ainsi que d’une partie d’ordures ménagères dans quelques quartiers de Kinshasa à fortes solides (Hall et al., 1993 ; Dermibas and activités agricoles et agro-industrielles ; Dermibas, 2007). - Evaluer le mode de gestion de ces Ceux-ci possèdent une très grande sous-produits auprès de leurs principaux potentialité d’être recyclée en ce qu'ils générateurs, c'est-à-dire, les producteurs peuvent servir soit de matière de base pour la agricoles et agroindustriels ; production énergétique, soit de matière - Déterminer les impacts éventuels première pour la fabrication d’autres dérivées. positifs et négatifs liés à la présence de ces La cellulose, de même que les hémicelluloses, résidus ; en tant que glucides sont des sources - Vérifier la capacité des producteurs d’énergie potentielle, soit par combustion d’utiliser les résidus générés par leurs activités directe ou indirectement pouvant servir à la production du biocarburant par fermentation MATERIEL ET METHODES alcoolique ou du biogaz par fermentation Cette étude a été effectuée dans la ville 2235 D. B. BANGALA MADA et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(4): 2234-2248, 2015 de Kinshasa, une mégalopole de plus de investigations sont résumées ci-dessous : 10.000.000 d'habitants, où les résidus sont Questionnaire concernant les producteurs produits abondamment et dont la gestion est agricoles : un problème réel (Lelo, 2011 ; Koyabizo, L’échantillonnage a été effectué au 2012). hasard et en fonction de la disponibilité des La méthodologie adoptée a été celle agriculteurs sur chaque site. Trente des investigations sur terrain sous forme agriculteurs ont été questionnés dans la d’enquête, accompagnée des observations totalité dont onze à Limété Kingabwa TP, visuelles. Les informations sur les principaux onze à Kisenso Anciens Combattants, quatre à sites d’agriculture intense de Kinshasa ont été N’djili Cecomaf et quatre à Mont-Ngafula obtenues au niveau de la Direction de Kimwenza. Production et de Protection Végétale du La population d'enquête était Ministère de l’Agriculture de la RDC. Les constituée d'individus de deux sexes mais les listes des grandes agro-industries et scieries de hommes étaient plus nombreux (77%). Parmi Kinshasa ont été fournies par la Cellule de ces producteurs, la majorité était constituée Planification Industrielle du Ministère de des jeunes d'une moyenne d'âge de 34 ans. l’Industrie, tandis que les scieries semi- Concernant le niveau d'étude, la plus grande industrielles ont été sélectionnées au hasard partie de la population d’enquête avait atteint parmi celles qui sont disséminées dans les le niveau secondaire mais sans le franchir communes d’étude. (60%). Il y avait 3% d'analphabète, 20% La ville de Kinshasa étant très vaste s’étaient limités aux études primaires tandis (9.965km²), ce travail s'est limité dans cinq que 17% avaient pu atteindre le niveau communes à forte production de ces résidus, supérieur. sélectionnées sur base de leur accessibilité partant de l’Université de Kinshasa d’où Les questions posées aux l’étude a été lancée (Carte n°1). agriculteurs concernaient Les communes concernées par cette La production enquête occupent la partie centrale et gauche Identité et activité principale du de cette carte. Il s'agit de la commune de producteur ; Les espèces végétales cultivées ; Lemba, de Limete (quartier industriel), de Nombre de plates-bandes emblavées par N’djili, de Kinsenso (quartier Ancien culture ; Nombre de semis par mois ou par Combattant), et de Mont-Ngafula (cité de an ; Types et quantité de fertilisant par plate- Kimwenza). bande ; Nombre de récolte par mois ou par Après la
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TOOLKIT PPPRRROOOFFFIIILLLEEE AAA NNN NNN EEE XXX EEE SSS Democratic Republic of the Congo WHO Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies WHO Regional Office for Africa WHO Office, Kinshasa COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TOOLKIT WHO/CDS/2005.36a PPRROOFFIILLEE Democratic Republic of the Congo WHO Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies WHO Regional Office for Africa WHO Office, Kinshasa © World Health Organization 2005 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdsourcing As Tool Supporting Waste Management in a Developing Country
    CITIZEN SENSING OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSALS: CROWDSOURCING AS TOOL SUPPORTING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY B.K. MAVAKALA*, C.K. MULAJI*, P.T. MPIANA*, V. ELONGO**, J-P. OTAMONGA***, E.M. BIEY****, W.WILDI°, J.POTE* ** ° AND G. GIULIANI°° * University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, B.P 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo ** Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Département des Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication, B.P. 243, Kinshasa XI, République Démocratique du Congo *** Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la libération. Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P 8815, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo **** University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo ° University of Geneva, Faculty of science, Department F.-A. Forel for environmental and aquatic sciences, Bld Carl-Vogt 66, CH – 1205, Geneva, Switzerland °° University of Geneva, Institute for Environmental Sciences, enviroSPACE Lab., Bld Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland SUMMARY: Large sub-Saharan African cities are characterized by serious and persistent environmental problem of Solid Waste Management (SWM). The city of Kinshasa, in Democratic Republic of the Congo has a long lasting and major concern of SWM. More worryingly, with rapid population growth and urbanization, waste generation, both domestic and industrial, is expected to rise with great potential of health and environmental problems. Therefore, with an objective of bringing a possible solution that reduces the increasing problem of SWM, we explore in the present study the use of crowdsourcing as a possible mechanism to identify, localize, characterize solid waste landfills.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Informal Economy in Sub- Saharan African Cities: a Case Study Of
    “ENHANCING INFORMAL ECONOMY IN SUB- SAHARAN AFRICAN CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF KINSHASA” ALEXIS LINGANDU MABELE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ENGENEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG, FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING NOVEMBER 2006 i DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Town and Regional Planning in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other university. ___________________________________ ALEXIS LINGANDU MABELE This-------------day of ------------------ 2006 ii ABSTRACT Informal economy is currently creating more employment than ever in sub-Saharan African cities by absorbing a large number of city residents. From West, East, Central and Southern Africa, informal economy is contributing enormously to the GDP and economic growth and development. Paradoxically, while it is doing so, little is being done to examine its potential and to provide it with appropriate management strategies as tools to support this sector and increase its productivity within the government revenue base. It is within this context that efforts have to be developed by exploring alternative strategies that can contribute to the debate of enhancing informal economy to increase its productivity, particularly in the city of Kinshasa. This could allow this sector to participate productively and purposefully to economic growth and development as well as to improvement of living standards of sub-Saharan African cities’ residents. iii DEDICATION To my God Almighty, Creator of the whole universe To my Lord and Saviour, Jesus-Christ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want first of all to thank God who has provided me with energy, courage, strength and everything necessary to accomplish this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a nominally centralized republic with a population of approximately 68 million. The president and the lower house of parliament (National Assembly) are popularly elected; the members of the upper house (the Senate) are chosen by provincial assemblies. Multiparty presidential and National Assembly elections in 2006 were judged to be credible, despite some irregularities, while indirect elections for senators in 2007 were marred by allegations of vote buying. There were many instances in which state security forces acted independently of civilian control and of military command. In all areas of the country, state security forces continued to act with impunity throughout the year, committing many serious abuses, including unlawful killings, disappearances, torture, rape and engaging in arbitrary arrests and detention. Severe and life-threatening conditions in prison and detention facilities, prolonged pretrial detention, lack of an independent and effective judiciary, and arbitrary interference with privacy, family, and home also remained serious problems. Members of the state security forces continued to abuse and threaten journalists, contributing to a decline in press freedom. Internally displaced persons remained a major problem, and the integration of ex-combatants and members of rebel and militia groups (RMGs) into state security forces and governance institutions was slow and uneven. Government corruption remained pervasive, and some corporations purchased minerals from suppliers who financed mining activities by armed entities that committed serious human rights abuses. Elements of the state security forces were charged in the death of one of the country's leading human rights defenders and at times beat or threatened local human rights advocates and obstructed or threatened UN human rights investigators.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Paper Mandina Ndona Madone Medicine Longo
    VOLUME-8, ISSUE-10, OCTOBER-2019 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra Original Research Paper Medicine CLIMATE CHANGE, POLLUTION, TROPICAL SEASON, HIV-POSITIVE, HIV- NEGATIVE AND HIGH FREQUENCY OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS D IN PATIENTS FROM KINSHASA, DRC Mandina Ndona Department Of Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Madone Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo (DRC). Department Of Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo (DRC). Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Physiopathology Service, University Clinics in Longo-mbenza Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa; Faculty of Health Benjamin* Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Private Bag XI, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Biostatistics Unit, Lomo Medical Center and Heart of Africa Center of Cardiology, LOMO UNIVERSITY OF RESEARCH DR Congo * Corresponding Author School Of Social Sciences And Psychology, Western Sydney University, Renzaho Andre Australia Lepira Mbompeka Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kinshasa University, François Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Biostatistics Unit, Lomo Medical Center and Heart of Africa Center of Makulo Rissassi Jr Cardiology, LOMO UNIVERSITY OF RESEARCH DR Congo Wumba-di-mosi Department Of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases And Parasitaries, Parasitology Service, University Clinics In Kinshasa, Faculty Of Medicine, Roger University of Kinshasa; DR Congo Ngatu Roger International University Of Health And Welfare, Japan Department Of Internal Medicine, Cardiology And Physiopathology Apalata Teke Service, University Clinics In Kinshasa, Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Ruphin Kinshasa; Faculty Of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Private Bag XI, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Mambueni Thamba Department Of Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Christophe Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo (DRC).
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Likofi Police Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
    Operation Likofi Police Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-32040 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org NOVEMBER 2014 978-1-6231-32040 Operation Likofi Police Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Map of Kinshasa ................................................................................................................. i Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 8 To Congo’s Government ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Gis-Based Soil Erosion Modeling and Sediment
    THESIS GIS-BASED SOIL EROSION MODELING AND SEDIMENT YIELD OF THE N’DJILI RIVER BASIN, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO Submitted by Patrick Ndolo Goy Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2015 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Pierre Y. Julien Darrell G. Fontane Lee H. MacDonald Copyright by Patrick Ndolo Goy 2015 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT GIS-BASED SOIL EROSION MODELING AND SEDIMENT YIELD OF THE N’DJILI RIVER BASIN, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the N’djili River and its tributaries are the most important potable source of water to the capital, Kinshasa, satisfying almost 70% of its demand. Due to increasing watershed degradation from agricultural practices, informal settlements and vegetation clearance, the suspended sediment load in the N’djili River has largely increased in the last three decades. With an area of 2,097 km2, the N’djili River basin delivers high suspended sediment concentration, and turbidity levels that cause considerable economic losses, particularly by disrupting the operation in the N’djili and Lukaya water treatment plants, and increasing dramatically the cost of chemical water treatment. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the change in the land cover/use of the N’djili River basin for 1995, 2005 and 2013; (2) predict and map the annual average soil losses at the basin scale and determine the effects of land cover/use change on the soil erosion; (3) estimate the sediment yield and the sediment delivery ratio at the water intake of the N’djili water treatment plant; and (4) quantify the effects of ash concentration on water turbidity in order to understand the high turbidity observed at the beginning of the rainy season.
    [Show full text]
  • SEG Department Meeting
    Global Survey for Comprehensive Measurement of Energy Access Using Multi-tier Approaches WHAT is Multi-tier Measurement? Definition Of Energy Access - Current vs New CURRENT DEFINITION ‘Having electricity or not having electricity’ ‘Cooking with non-solid fuels or cooking with solid fuels’ NEW DEFINITION Access to energy is the ability to avail energy that is Adequate, Available when needed, Reliable, of good Quality, Convenient, Affordable, Legal, Healthy & Safe, for all required energy services across Household, Productive and Community uses 2 2/19/2014 Why the new definition of Energy Access? Shortfalls of Binary Approaches Remedies using Multi-tier Framework • Equal weightage to all sources of • Technology neutral approach electricity – grid and off-grid • Weighted assimilation of various • Quality of supply issues not reflected supply solutions based on attributes • Energy for productive and community • Quality of supply issues are reflected uses not reflected • Energy for productive and community • Illegal connections not reflected uses also reflected • No weightage for use of improved • Improved cook-stoves can be reflected cook-stoves • Fuel/cook-stove stacking is properly • Fuel / cook-stove stacking not reflected reflected • Linkages established with socio- • Linkages with socio-economic economic development through use of development not evident energy • No insights about ways of augmenting • Gap analysis provides insights about energy access ways of augmenting energy access • Only select interventions are related to • Most energy sector interventions can expansion of energy access be linked to expansion of access • Country-wise targets difficult to define • Countries can set own targets Access To Household Electricity Supply Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Tier-4 Tier-5 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Paper Mandina Ndona Madone Medicine Longo
    VOLUME-8, ISSUE-10, OCTOBER-2019 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra Original Research Paper Medicine CLIMATE CHANGE, POLLUTION, TROPICAL SEASON, HIV-POSITIVE, HIV- NEGATIVE AND HIGH FREQUENCY OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS D IN PATIENTS FROM KINSHASA, DRC Mandina Ndona Department Of Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Madone Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo (DRC). Department Of Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo (DRC). Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Physiopathology Service, University Clinics in Longo-mbenza Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa; Faculty of Health Benjamin* Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Private Bag XI, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Biostatistics Unit, Lomo Medical Center and Heart of Africa Center of Cardiology, Lomo University Of Research DR Congo * Corresponding Author School Of Social Sciences And Psychology, Western Sydney University, Renzaho Andre Australia Lepira Mbompeka Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kinshasa University, François Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Biostatistics Unit, Lomo Medical Center and Heart of Africa Center of Makulo Rissassi Jr Cardiology, LOMO UNIVERSITY OF RESEARCH DR Congo Wumba-di-mosi Department Of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases And Parasitaries, Parasitology Service, University Clinics In Kinshasa, Faculty Of Medicine, Roger University of Kinshasa; DR Congo Ngatu Roger International University Of Health And Welfare, Japan Department Of Internal Medicine, Cardiology And Physiopathology Apalata Teke Service, University Clinics In Kinshasa, Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Ruphin Kinshasa; Faculty Of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Private Bag XI, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Mambueni Thamba Department Of Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Christophe Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo (DRC).
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Environmental Justice in Solid Waste Management in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo
    Local Environment The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability ISSN: 1354-9839 (Print) 1469-6711 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cloe20 Some happy, others sad: exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo Nzalalemba Serge Kubanza, Dillip Kumar Das & Danny Simatele To cite this article: Nzalalemba Serge Kubanza, Dillip Kumar Das & Danny Simatele (2016): Some happy, others sad: exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Local Environment, DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120 Published online: 14 Oct 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cloe20 Download by: [The Library, University of Witwatersrand] Date: 14 October 2016, At: 03:28 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120 Some happy, others sad: exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo Nzalalemba Serge Kubanzaa, Dillip Kumar Dasb and Danny Simatelea aSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; bDepartment of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This paper explores the concept of environmental justice (EJ) in solid waste Received 28 January 2016 management (SWM) in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Accepted 16 September 2016 It evaluates the extent to which EJ occurs in SWM and discusses the factors KEYWORDS accounting for this state of affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Happy, Others Sad: Exploring Environmental Justice in Solid Waste Management in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo
    Local Environment The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability ISSN: 1354-9839 (Print) 1469-6711 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cloe20 Some happy, others sad: exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo Nzalalemba Serge Kubanza, Dillip Kumar Das & Danny Simatele To cite this article: Nzalalemba Serge Kubanza, Dillip Kumar Das & Danny Simatele (2016): Some happy, others sad: exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Local Environment, DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120 Published online: 14 Oct 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cloe20 Download by: [The Library, University of Witwatersrand] Date: 14 October 2016, At: 02:42 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120 Some happy, others sad: exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo Nzalalemba Serge Kubanzaa, Dillip Kumar Dasb and Danny Simatelea aSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; bDepartment of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This paper explores the concept of environmental justice (EJ) in solid waste Received 28 January 2016 management (SWM) in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Accepted 16 September 2016 It evaluates the extent to which EJ occurs in SWM and discusses the factors KEYWORDS accounting for this state of affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 OCTOBER 2006 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 OCTOBER 2006 Contents PREFACE Latest news EVENTS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, FROM 1 OCTOBER 2006 TO 27 OCTOBER 2006 REPORTS ON DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 1 OCTOBER 2006 AND 27 OCTOBER 2006 Paragraphs Background information GEOGRAPHY .............................................................................................1.01 Map - DRC ..................................................................................... 1.05 Eastern DRC ................................................................................. 1.06 ECONOMY .................................................................................................2.01 HISTORY ...................................................................................................3.01 History to 1997..............................................................................3.01 The Laurent Kabila Regime 1997 ................................................3.02 The Joseph Kabila Regime 2001.................................................3.03 Events of 2005 ..............................................................................3.04 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ...........................................................................4.01 CONSTITUTION ..........................................................................................5.01 POLITICAL SYSTEM ...................................................................................6.01
    [Show full text]