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Demonstrating Geological Carbon Sequestration in the Mt. Simon DemonstratingDemonstrating GeologicalGeological CarbonCarbon SequestrationSequestration inin thethe Mt.Mt. SimonSimon SandstoneSandstone ofof thethe IllinoisIllinois BasinBasin presented by RobertRobert J.J. FinleyFinley IllinoisIllinois StateState GeologicalGeological SurveySurvey March 6, 2008 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium www.sequestration.org Field Validation Tests and Large-Scale Deployment Tests Phase II 24 Phase III Large scale Descriptor - include initials /org#/date WhatWhat areare wewe doing?doing? AA collaborationcollaboration ofof ADM,ADM, thethe MidwestMidwest GeologicalGeological SequestrationSequestration Consortium,Consortium, SchlumbergerSchlumberger CarbonCarbon Services,Services, andand otherother subcontractorssubcontractors plansplans toto injectinject 11 millionmillion metricmetric tonstons ofof carboncarbon dioxidedioxide atat aa depthdepth ofof 7,5007,500 +/+/-- ftft toto testtest geologicalgeological carboncarbon sequestrationsequestration WhyWhy areare wewe doingdoing this?this? GlobalGlobal climateclimate change:change: rolerole ofof increasedincreased concentrationconcentration ofof manman--mademade greenhousegreenhouse gases,gases, primarilyprimarily carboncarbon dioxidedioxide (CO(CO2),), CarbonCarbon managementmanagement strategies:strategies: returnreturn ofof COCO2 derivedderived fromfrom fossilfossil fuelfuel useuse toto subsurfacesubsurface reservoirs:reservoirs: geologicalgeological carboncarbon sequestrationsequestration LargeLarge--scalescale testing:testing: necessarynecessary toto verifyverify thatthat sequestrationsequestration isis safesafe andand effective,effective, asas wewe expectexpect itit toto bebe WhoWho areare thethe players?players? TheThe IllinoisIllinois StateState GeologicalGeological SurveySurvey (ISGS)(ISGS) leadsleads aa researchresearch consortiumconsortium ofof thethe Illinois,Illinois, Indiana,Indiana, andand KentuckyKentucky geologicalgeological surveyssurveys ((MidwestMidwest GeologicalGeological SequestrationSequestration ConsortiumConsortium),), inin placeplace sincesince 2003,2003, toto assessassess thethe geologicalgeological carboncarbon sequestrationsequestration potentialpotential ofof thethe IllinoisIllinois BasinBasin NationalNational EnergyEnergy TechnologyTechnology Laboratory,Laboratory, OfficeOffice ofof FossilFossil Energy,Energy, leadsleads forfor thethe U.S.U.S. DepartmentDepartment ofof EnergyEnergy SchlumbergerSchlumberger CarbonCarbon ServicesServices providesprovides worldworld-- classclass innovativeinnovative technologiestechnologies forfor subsurfacesubsurface reservoirreservoir characterizationcharacterization andand monitoringmonitoring HowHow diddid wewe getget toto thisthis point?point? ISGSISGS workwork fromfrom 20032003--0505 showedshowed highhigh potentialpotential inin thethe IllinoisIllinois BasinBasin forfor geologicalgeological carboncarbon sequestrationsequestration SmallSmall--scalescale COCO2 injectioninjection teststests underway,underway, 20052005-- 09,09, mostlymostly inin oiloil fieldsfields DOEDOE desireddesired largelarge--scalescale testingtesting toto beginbegin beforebefore 2009;2009; requiredrequired majormajor sourcesource ofof COCO2 andand aa suitablesuitable sitesite inin closeclose proximityproximity DiscussionsDiscussions withwith ADMADM beganbegan inin DecemberDecember 0606 ProposalProposal submittedsubmitted MayMay 07;07; fundedfunded DecemberDecember 0707 IllinoisIllinois BasinBasin N-S Cross Section of Coal-bearing Strata in Illinois By Christopher Korose, Jamie McBeth, and Colin Treworgy, ISGS Illinois Basin Stratigraphic Column Pennsylvanian coal seams Mississippian sandstone and carbonate oil reservoirs New Albany Shale Illinois Basin Stratigraphic Maquoketa Shale Column St. Peter Sandstone Eau Claire Shale from Leetaru, 2004 Mt. Simon Sandstone SequestrationSequestration CapacitiesCapacities** SevenSeven majormajor coalcoal seams:seams: 2.32.3--3.33.3 billionbillion tonnestonnes 6.76.7 trilliontrillion ftft3 incrementalincremental methane(?)methane(?) MatureMature oiloil reservoirs:reservoirs: 140140--440440 millionmillion tonnestonnes 860860--1,3001,300 millionmillion barrelsbarrels incrementalincremental oiloil St.St. PeterPeter Sandstone:Sandstone: 1.61.6--6.46.4 billionbillion tonnestonnes Mt.Mt. SimonSimon SandstoneSandstone:: 2727--109109 billionbillion tonnestonnes *DOE, 2007, Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada Mt.Mt. SimonSimon SandstoneSandstone ReservoirReservoir 4,143 ft • Mt. Simon Sandstone is used for natural gas 8,467 ft storage in Champaign County, IL at 4,000 to 4,200 ft • Mt. Simon core has been recovered from a few deep exploration wells AA ModelModel forfor Mt.Mt. SimonSimon SandstoneSandstone Deposition:Deposition: AlluvialAlluvial FansFans inin DeathDeath ValleyValley From Leetaru, 2008 ADMADM GeophysicsGeophysics N SITE October 07 D ADMADM TestTest SiteSite A Dehydration/ compression C F facility location B Pipeline route B D C Injection well site D Potential verification well sites F Anaerobic A wastewater treatment facility ~ 3/4 mile CO2 Storage in Sandstone Reservoir Pore Space Pore space Sand grain Pin head ReservoirReservoir CaprockCaprock (shale(shale seal)seal) Pin head PlumePlume MonitoringMonitoring StrategiesStrategies PositionPosition ofof COCO2 plumeplume basedbased onon repeatrepeat surfacesurface andand downholedownhole geophysicsgeophysics similarsimilar toto SleipnerSleipner projectproject inin NorwayNorway andand FrioFrio BrineBrine PilotPilot nearnear HoustonHouston Frio Brine Pilot 1994 1995 2001 CO response Sleipner 4D Geophysics 2 Daley et al, 2007 SimulationSimulation ofof COCO2 injectioninjection intointo Mt.Mt. SimonSimon atat ADMADM SiteSite High Perm Layer (8) Injection Only Weaber–Horn (Loudon) 1/ 3 million tonnes/ yr for 3 1/ 3 million tonnes/ yr for 3 1/ 3 million tonnes/ yr for 3 10 years shut in after 100 years shut in after years,1yrofinjection years, 2 yrs of injection years, 3 yrsof injection 3 yrsof injection 3 yrs of injection Sonic porosity o 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Injection well Injection wellInjection well Injection well Injection well 7000 210 7200 7.0 220 7400 Depth 3.6 7600 68 7800 440 8000 68 1,700 8200 Permeability 500 ft Gas saturation 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 SurfaceSurface IR Gas MonitoringMonitoring ofof Analyzer AirAir andand SoilSoil forfor COCO2 2 Sonic anemometer UGA Laboratory for Environmental Physics Groundwater and CO2 flow and transport from Oldenburg, LBNL ShallowShallow GroundwaterGroundwater MonitoringMonitoring Wells drilled and periodically sampled PreliminaryPreliminary COCO2 ProcessProcess FlowFlow DiagramDiagram forfor ADMADM SiteSite Output Dry at ~1,300-1,500 psia Input Wet at 14.5 psia from Trimeric Corporation WhatWhat areare thethe projectproject outcomes?outcomes? AA largelarge--scalescale injectioninjection ofof 11 millionmillion tonstons ofof COCO2 successfullysuccessfully demonstrateddemonstrated andand associatedassociated safety,safety, efficiency,efficiency, andand effectivenesseffectiveness requirementsrequirements metmet VolumeVolume sufficientsufficient toto monitormonitor geophysically;geophysically; dehydration/compressiondehydration/compression equipmentequipment scalablescalable toto IGCCIGCC AA processprocess modelmodel establishedestablished forfor equipment,equipment, permitting,permitting, injection,injection, environmentalenvironmental monitoring,monitoring, andand outcomeoutcome assessmentassessment thatthat willwill supportsupport energyenergy facilityfacility developmentdevelopment withwith integratedintegrated carboncarbon sequestrationsequestration inin thethe IllinoisIllinois Basin,Basin, nationally,nationally, andand globallyglobally AnAn ““activeactive”” geologicalgeological sitesite modelmodel developeddeveloped andand continuallycontinually updatedupdated asas newnew datadata areare acquiredacquired WhatWhat isis thethe projectproject schedule?schedule? ■ The project was funded December 18, 2007 ■ Baseline environmental activities to begin spring 08 ■ Preliminary UIC permit planned for May 08 ■ Injection well drilling: start June 08; ~68 days to drill ■ UIC Completion Report based on well data ■ Final functional testing of compression, pipeline, and wellhead initiated in fall 09 ■ Injection would occur from December 2009 – December 2012 ■ Verification wells would be drilled ~winter 2011 and ~summer 2012 (if second well funded) ■ Environmental monitoring through December 2014 Commercial Scale Storage Timeline with Cost & Uncertainty 24 Possible site Probable site Appoved site High $5-$10 / ton Uncertainty Injection & Data Injection & Data monitoring acquisitionacquisition monitoring Private Schlumberger Construction Construction Model Includes time Detailed Includes time update Detailed for plant for plant characterization construction characterization construction Closure DesignDesign Total cost & uncertainty Living model Equalization Model driven MonitoringMonitoring plan Long term Prelim. plan Long term Prediction Environmental study Environmental monitoring Total cost Authorization monitoring Low 1 yr Time 2-3 yrs 5-7yrs 30 yrs 50 yrs 100+ Performance & Risk (Functions) Capacity, Injectivity, Containment >>>> (Stakes) HSE, Cost, Image Schlumberger Carbon Services Commercial Scale Storage Timeline with Cost & Uncertainty and Cost Estimates for Site Selection and Development 25 Possible site Probable site Appoved site High $5-$10 / ton Uncertainty
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