DOCSLIB.ORG

11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing Nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing Nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All! 11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All! By: About the authors and their positions Irmi Salzer and Julianna Fehlinger We see ourselves as part of the movement for food sovereignty and are wri- ting from the perspective of the Österreichische Berg- und Kleinbäuer_in- Translated by: nenvereinigung ÖBV – Via Campesina !ustria" #$rmi %al&er' and the agro- Santiago Killing-Stringer political group !grar !ttac #(ulianna )ehlinger'* We are mainly active in !us- Release date: trian networ+s and participate in the ,y-l-ni movement for food sover- 1 !"1!#"1 eignty* We are also involved in the European ,y-l-ni process and are thus connected to partners throughout Europe* $rmi %al&er is an organic farmer htt$%&'/www!degrowth!de' en/dim' in Burgenland and (ulianna )ehlinger is sometimes a community farmer and sometimes an alpine farmer* 1. What is the key idea of food souvereignty? Food souvereignty: The right of all people to democratically decide how food is produced distributed and consumed )ood sovereignty as a concept was /rst presented in 1996 at the World )ood %ummit of the )ood and !griculture 2rganisation of the United ,ations #)!2' by 4a Via ampesina56 a global organisation of small farmers, rural wor+ers6 /shing communities, and landless and indigenous peoples. %ince then, food sovereignty has evolved into the political leitmotif of a growing number of social actors from the widest possible range of societal groups /ghting for the transformation of a global food and agricultural system do- minated by industrial interests and focused solely on pro/t* !t the beginning of the 1990s6 small farmers’ movements #at /rst mainly in 4atin !merica and Europe6 then in the rest of the world' realised that6 in light of the globalisation of agricultural mar+ets and the increasing political power of institutions such as the W92 in the agriculture sector6 it was ne- cessary to form a globally active alliance of farmers. By founding 4a Via Campesina they sought to oppose through a strong transnational movement the neoliberal tendencies that were restricting the lives and survival chances of millions of small farmers and worsening the situation of hungry people all over the globe* !s an answer to the technical term :food security8 that was coined by the )!2 and that fails to address a number of ;uestions, the young movement developed the concept of :food sovereignty8* )ood sover- eignty addresses the power structures in which our food system is embed- ded< it addresses the conditions of food production and distribution; it asks about the conse;uences of our production methods for future generations; and it places the people who produce and consume food products at centre stage* 1Austrian Association of Mountain Farmers – Via Campesina 2Literally ‘the peasants’ way’ " 11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All! (he $rin)i$le% of food %o*ereignt+ )ood sovereignty can be understood as a framewor+ that must continuously be :/lled up8 through concrete6 local measures* )ood sovereignty cannot be de/ned from the top down and for all time6 but can only be shaped through a collective process of dialogue* 9hroughout the ,y-l-ni process #,y-l-ni is the name used by the global food sovereignty movement to refer to itself< see below)6 the attempt has been made to de/ne the main principles of food sovereignty based on the wide range of realities of both the farmers and the :eaters8* %uch principles include valuing food producers, the primary import- ance of feeding the population #instead of producing for e=port'6 the esta- blishment of local production systems and the strengthening of local con- trol over food6 the development of +nowledge and skills, and6 last but not least6 wor+ing with nature instead of against it* )ood sovereignty encompasses the rights of individuals, communities and institutions #including states)6 as well as a responsible relationship with na- ture6 animals and other human beings. $n the prevailing agricultural and food system6 a ma>ority of producers are denied their right to democratically participate in all political areas contingent to the production, processing and distribution of food products. $nternational trade agreements, agricultu- ral subsidies, ?@2 legislation, hygiene regulations, directives regarding ac- cess to mar+ets, production regulations, etc* are on the whole adopted wi- thout the people directly aAected having any right to participate in the pro- cess. 9he right to democratically choose and monitor agricultural6 food6 /s- hing6 social6 trade or energy policies is a necessary /rst step in order to en- force other rights such as the right to food6 education and access to re- sources. 2nly when these rights are enforced is it possible for producers to ful/l their responsibility regarding natural resources such as the soil6 and biodiversity and the climate6 so that future generations are also able to produce high- ;uality foods. )ood sovereignty means we must act in solidarity* 9ransnational solidarity6 networ+ing and mutual support are necessary to /ght against e=ploitation and domination mechanisms. 4ocal resistance and local alternatives must be completed through a global perspective* !. Who is part of food souvereignty what do they do? From the peasants to the eaters– defining food sovereignty together and uniting social and ecological struggles in the South and %orth )ood sovereignty has been developed since the 1990s as an alternative for the ?lobal ,orth and %outh* !t the beginning, the debate around food sover- eignty was mainly led by La -ia .am$e%ina* However6 La -ia .am$e%ina reco- 5 11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All! gnised early on that a profound change and democratisation of agriculture and food systems can only be achieved if the movement sought to form al- liances beyond those with producers, and to forge ties with other move- ments. Thus, the /rst $nternational )orum for )ood %overeignty6 the N+/léni )orum6 too+ place in @ali in 577C* 9ogether with initiatives and organisati- ons connected with environmental6 human rights,consumer protection,wo- men’s, and also urban movements, the principles of food sovereignty were developed6 and common goals, opponents and demands were identi/ed* %in- ce then6 both regional forums #for e=ample the Europe )orum for )ood %o- vereignty in Krems, !ustria in 57""' and national forums have been held* Ba- sed on the common principles of democratisation, solidarity6 local control6 and greater care for the environment6 movements for food sovereignty are continuously see+ing to both create and advance alternative practices. With regard to production models, adaptable #resilient' agro-ecological pro- duction methods are tested that6 for e=ample6 use open-pollinated6 non- ?@2 seeds6 reduce agricultural dependence on oil and are based on natural cycles. $n the area of food supply6 producer-consumer networ+s are constructed6 e*g. by replacing traditional mar+ets with relationships based on solidarity #Community %upported !griculture - .SA'6 or by ensuring that producers earn a living wage through collective buying. Darticipatory ?uarantee %ys- tems #D?%' are trust-based certi/cation systems that replace state control and supervision6 and alternative education networ+s enable +nowledge sha- ring on an e;ual footing, creating a collective space for all those involved in the agricultural and food system* $n order to stop the competition for land and soil and allow access to land for everybody who wants to farm it6 models are being developed that remo- ve land from the capitalist cycle of e=ploitation and promote the use of land as a commons. The food sovereignty movement demands global social rights and digni/ed wor+ conditions for all peopleEirrespective of their social origins or genderE throughout the agriculture and food system* Through emancipatory processes6 citi&ens should be empowered to partici- pate actively and e;ually in shaping the political framewor+ of the agricul- ture and food system* $n this respect6 the actors in the ?lobal %outh and ,orth face both similar and dissimilar political and social problems. The di- versity of the groups coming together under the :big tent8 #Datel 5770' of food sovereignty is a strength6 but also a challenge for the global food sover- eignty movement* 0emocrati%ation and the right to ha*e rights $n order to enforce the right to democratic participation in the agriculture F 11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All! and food system6 it is necessary to create conditions that do not arise of their own accord in our societies mar+ed by e=clusion and domination. 4ow- income people6 migrants and women are often particularly shut out from participation. The food sovereignty movement is therefore /ghting for con- ditions that enable all people to demand and enforce their social6 economic and cultural rights and their right to participate in decision-ma+ing proces- ses. &. 'ow do you see the relationship between food souvereignty and (egrowth? Working together against false alternatives and for social)ecological trans) formation $n the ?erman-spea+ing world6 degrowth and food sovereignty are closely related6 being often supported by the same activists and similar initiatives #such as Community %upported !griculture6 urban gardening, ecological agriculture6 food co-ops6 the occupation of /elds' or are based on the same approaches for alternative paths #e*g. subsistence6 unconditional basic inco- me6 commons, environmental and climate >ustice'* !ll these approaches and initiatives are areas of e=perimentation for both food sovereignty and de- growth* $n both movements, the combination Emainly non-institutionalE of science6 social movements and practical #collective' e=perience plays an im- portant role* Both food sovereignty and degrowth envision a new type of prosperity and well-being, one that includes social-ecological forms of production on the one hand6 and a comprehensive democratisation of society #and the econo- my' on the other* $n both cases the aim is to create new values that enable a good life for all based on solidarity and ecological living.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Is Food Produced?
    Supplementary Notes: (PJ Shlachtman): Food Resources How is Food Produced? What Plants and Animals Feed the World? • 15 plant and 8 animal species supply 90% of our food • wheat, rice and corn provide ~50% of the calories people consume; all three are annuals • 2/3 of the world's people live primarily on grains (rice, wheat and corn) The Two Major Types of Food Production • Industrialized agriculture (high-input agriculture) o uses large amts. of fuel energy, water, commercial fertilizers & pesticides • Plantation agriculture (cash crops) • Traditional subsistence agriculture • Traditional intensive agriculture The Green Revolution (1950-1970) Increased yields per unit of area of cropland Involves three steps 1. developing and planting monocultures of key crops 2. lavishing fertilizer, pesticides and water on crops to produce high yields 3. increasing the intensity and frequency of cropping A second green revolution (1967+) began when fast-growing dwarf varieties of rice and wheat were introduced into developing countries Case Study: Food Production in the U.S. • Production doubled since 1940 • Agribusiness – replacing smaller family farms w/ large corporate farms. • Each US farmer feeds about 140 people How Are Livestock Produced? • 10% of the world's land is suitable for producing crops • 20% is used for grazing cattle and sheep • Developed countries consume >50% of the world's grain • Poor developing countries eat mostly grain and live low on the food chain Traditional Agriculture • Interplanting - simultaneously grow several crops on the same plot of land • Common interplanting strategies: 1. Polyvarietal cultivation 2. Intercropping 3. Agroforestry (alley cropping) 4. Polyculture 1 World Food Problems 1950-1990: • amount of food traded in the world market quadrupled • population growth is outstripping food production • Factors leading to the slowdown in the growth of per capita grain production: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle?
    Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? edited by Steffen Abele and Klaus Frohberg Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO Volume 22 Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? Edited by Steffen Abele and Klaus Frohberg IAMO 2003 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2003 Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 062120 Halle (Saale) Tel. 49 (345) 2928-0 Fax 49 (345) 2928-199 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 3-9809270-2-4 INTRODUCTION STEFFEN ABELE, KLAUS FROHBERG Subsistence agriculture is probably the least understood and the most neglected type of agriculture. In a globalised, market-driven world, it remains at the same time a myth and a marginal phenomenon. Empirically, subsistence agriculture for a long time seemed to be restricted to developing countries, with only a few cases reported in Western Europe (CAILLAVET and NICHELE 1999; THIEDE 1994). Governmental support offered to subsistence agriculture was mainly done through agricultural development policies, the main objective being to have subsistence farmers participate in markets.
    [Show full text]
  • The Integration of 18Th and 19Th Century Subsistence Farming Practices Into the Planning and X-Zoning Laws of the City and County of Baltimore Clayton A
    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Fall 2013 The integration of 18th and 19th century subsistence farming practices into the planning and x-zoning laws of the city and county of Baltimore Clayton A. Hayes James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Hayes, Clayton A., "The integration of 18th and 19th century subsistence farming practices into the planning and x-zoning laws of the city and county of Baltimore" (2013). Masters Theses. 231. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/231 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Integration of 18th and 19th Century Subsistence Farming Practices into the Planning and Zoning Laws of the City and County of Baltimore Clayton Hayes A Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science ISAT MALTA December, 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the University of Malta and James Madison University for providing me the opportunity to earn a collaborative International Master’s Degree in ISAT and SERM. To all of my professors and administrators, thank you for providing me the knowledge applicable to my dissertation/thesis as well as future endeavors.
    [Show full text]
  • VEGAN FOOD on 800 M2
    S T U D E N T P R O J E K T P Å E K H A G A F Ö R S Ö K S G Å R D • 2 0 0 1 VEGAN FOOD ON 800 m2 Lilja May Otto Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk 1 Studentprojekt på Ekhaga försöksgård • 2001 Vegan food on 800 m2 Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk SLU Box 7047 750 07 Uppsala Student projects at Ekhaga experimental farm • 2001 Centre for Sustainable Agriculture Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences S-750 07 Uppsala 2 Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk (CUL) S T U D E N T P R O J E K T P Å E K H A G A F Ö R S Ö K S G Å R D • 2 0 0 1 VEGAN FOOD ON 800 m2 Lilja May Otto Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk 3 ABSTRACT The sustainable production of foods is the larger topic of a set of projects run at the Ekhaga Experimental Farm at Funbo, Lövsta in Sweden. Two field experiments have been set up to investigate possibilities for self sufficiency based on an adjusted traditional diet and alternatively based on a vegan diet. The project focuses on the respective land requirements, an adapted choice of crops and the appropriate ecological production methods based on human labour. This report analyses the experiences and results from this year's vegan food plot. Space requirements for self-sufficient production based on a vegan diet are considerably lower than for any diet, which consists of a lot of meat.
    [Show full text]
  • Clip-On Architecture: Tropical Deforestation and Potential Solutions to the Climate Crisis
    ‘Landscapes’. This 4-piece series explores the obsession inherent in the romantic landscape of recreating the world and simultaneously being part of it. © COPYRIGHT Levi van Veluw, Courtesy Ronmandos gallery, Unit CMA Agency. Clip-On Architecture: Tropical Deforestation and Potential Solutions to the Climate Crisis Vanessa Keith “One of the primary causes of global environmental change is tropical deforestation...” (Geist & Lambin, 143) “Perhaps the easiest and most beneficial way to reduce emissions would be to stop the destruction of tropical forests...estimates suggest that up to 20 percent of human greenhouse gas emissions come from deforestation in the tropics.” (Lynas, 297) TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL FOREST COVER: PAST AND PRESENT Tropical Original Tropical Current Temperate Original http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/chapter_28.htm Temperate Current Introduction: The Tabula Rasa City Much of the literature related to the role of the built environment in climate change has focused on new technologies and new ideas which might be implemented in new buildings. Tabula rasa eco-cities trumpeting their green credentials and high levels of environmental sustainability are being planned in the U.S., China, and Abu Dhabi, among other places, and green is the word of the day. Treasure Island in San Francisco will be transformed from a military base to become a community of some 6,000 new apartment buildings for 13,500 residents by 2020. Dongtan, a new city planned for Chongming Island on the outskirts of Shanghai, is currently an alluvial wetland and the future site of a 500,000 resident community which will reach full size by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • Directions for Long-Term Research in Traditional Agricultural Systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands
    Micronesica 40(1/2): 63-86, 2008 Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands HARLEY I. MANNER College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 Abstract— Following a review of the major systems of traditional agriculture, this paper briefly considers the role of traditional agriculture in environmental modification, and the related concepts of sustain- ability, agricultural intensification, carrying capacity, biodiversity and agricultural disintensification (abandonment). Research interest in traditional agricultural systems of the Pacific Islands has waned considerably since the 1960s and there are few current studies of these systems in Micronesia. Both species and cultivar diversity of the traditional agricultural systems of the region are high and may contribute significantly to their sustainability. However, there is little ongoing research on the role of biodiversity in these traditional systems. Some reasons for the apparent lack of research in the ecology of traditional agricultural systems are presented. The Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) network emphasizes investigation of the function of biodiversity and the health of ecosystems in the tropical Pacific Islands. Accordingly, PABITRA’s focus should be on long-term monitoring of traditional agricultural systems in order to define their structural and functional characteristics and the relationship between diversity and sustainability. Given the rapid rate of modernization, the documentation of traditional agricultural knowledge and resources is imperative as this knowledge is rapidly being lost. Introduction Traditional agriculture has a profound effect on the biodiversity and landscape ecology of the Pacific Islands. The most viable and sustainable of these traditional systems are those which mimic the structure and function of their corresponding natural ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Subsistence to Commercial Transition in Agricultural Development
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1969 The ubs sistence to commercial transition in agricultural development Elisha Walter Coward Jr. Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Coward, Elisha Walter Jr., "The ubsis stence to commercial transition in agricultural development" (1969). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3566. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3566 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 69-20,632 COWARD, Jr., Elisha Walter, 1937- THE SUBSISTENCE TO COMMERCIAL TRANSITION IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOP­ MENT. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1969 Sociology, general University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE SUBSISTENCE TO COMMERCIAL TRANSITION # A i m /\ ; rMr»#rri/> # M r*\ui\iwwi wi>r\b. L/w w lu j.w i I'tw i by Elisha Walter Coward, Jr. A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Sociology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence in Samoa: Influences of the Capitalist Global Economy on Conceptions of Wealth and Well-Being
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2019 Subsistence in Samoa: influences of the capitalist global economy on conceptions of wealth and well-being Tess Hosman SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Pacific Islands Languages and Societies Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, Regional Sociology Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Recommended Citation Hosman, Tess, "Subsistence in Samoa: influences of the capitalist global economy on conceptions of wealth and well-being" (2019). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 3045. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3045 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Subsistence in Samoa: influences of the capitalist global economy on conceptions of wealth and well-being Tess Hosman Advisor Mika Maiava Dr. Fetaomi Tapu-Qiliho S.I.T. Samoa, Spring 2019 Hosman 1 Abstract This paper studies Samoa’s position in the global economy as an informal agricultural economy. A country’s access to the global economy reflects a level of socio-economic development and political power. It is also reflective of the country’s history of globalization. This research uses an analysis of past and current forms of colonization that continue to influence cultural and ideological practices, specifically practices regarding food.
    [Show full text]
  • SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT ILEIA -2 Orr Manual for the Humid Tropics Luuiuas 0 00 E J
    WAU ECOLOGY INSTITUTE HANDBOOK No. 10 fürBrot die welt ILEIA P.O. Box 64 3830 AB LEUSDEN The Netherlands SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT ILEIA -2 orr Manual for the Humid Tropics luuiuas 0 00 e j 1 i Edited by Friedhelm Goeltenboth The publication of this book was kindly supported by Bread for the World, Stuttgart. Their valuable contribution is acknowledged with thanks. CIP-Titelauftaahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Subsistence agriculture improvement : manual for the humid tropics / ed. by Friedhelm Goeltenboth. - Weikersheim : Margraf, 1990 (Tropical agroecology; 4) ISBN 3-8236-1157-7 NE: Goeltenboth, Friedhelm [Hrsg.]; GT Contributing Authors: V.E. Dalpadado, F. Goeltenboth, N.H.S. Howcroft, B. Louman, G. Nalu, F. Samana, B. Siki The contents of signed articles is the entire responsibility of the respective author. Illustrations : Sally Shaw Printing and Binding: F. & T. Müllerbader Forststraße 18 D-7024 Filderstadt Federal Republic of Germany © 1985, 1990 Wau Ecology Institute P.O. Box 77 Wau, Papua New Guinea National Library Papua New Guinea ISBN 9980-73-001-3 Copublished by : 1990 Margraf Scientific Publishers Mühlstraße 9, P.O. Box 105 D-6992 Weikersheim Federal Republic of Germany ISBN 3-8236-1157-7 ISSN 0935-9109 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editor and the authors gratefully acknowledge the help received by the WAU ECOLOGY INSTITUTE and its director Mr. Harry Sakulas MSc., the Project Planning Com­ mittee chaired by Prof. Dr. E. Balasubramaniam, Miss Sally Shaw (USA) for her excellent drawings illustrating this manual, Mrs. Ellen Woodley (Canada) for her substantial help in correcting the manuscript and Bread for the World, Stutt­ gart, West Germany for providing financial assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence Farming Is Becoming More Important
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Moldova Poverty Assessment 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 105724-MD Moldova Poverty Assessment 2016 Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty and Shared Prosperity Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty and Shared Prosperity Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty and Shared Prosperity Table of Content Table of Content ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................iv List of Figures .....................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................vi Overview ............................................................................................................................................vii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Public Opinions on Degrowth in Montréal Samantha Mailhot Prévost
    Running out of time: Public opinions on degrowth in Montréal Samantha Mailhot Prévost A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geography, Planning and Environment) in the Faculty of Arts and Science at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada September 2020 © Samantha Mailhot Prévost 2020 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Samantha Mailhot Prévost Entitled: Running out of time: Public opinions on degrowth in Montréal and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geography, Urban and Environmental Studies) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: _________________________________________ Chair Dr. Norma Rantisi _________________________________________ Internal Examiner Dr. Kevin Gould _________________________________________ External Examiner Dr. Geoffrey Garver _________________________________________ Supervisor Dr. H. Damon Matthews _________________________________________ Co-Supervisor Dr. Bengi Akbulut Approved by _________________________________________ Dr. Craig Townsend Chair of Department _________________________________________ Dr. Pascale Sicotte Dean of Faculty of Arts and Science Date: __________________ II ABSTRACT Running out of time: Public opinions on growth and degrowth in Montreal Samantha Mailhot Prévost As every nation in the world continues its pursuit for everlasting economic growth, global temperatures are increasing at an alarming rate. For decades, scholars have warned about human impacts on the environment, cautioning us on our exhaustive use of resources and the implications of our seemingly innate need to grow economically. It has been asserted that economic growth is not sustainable, and its contraction is unavoidable due to natural limits, therefore any research on managing and prospering without growth is of great value.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Food and Agriculture: Trends and Challenges
    1 ISSN 2522-7211 (print) ISSN 2522-7211 (online) ISSN 2522-722X The future of food and agriculture Trends and challenges The future of food and agriculture Trends and challenges Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2017 Citation: FAO. 2017. The future of food and agriculture – Trends and challenges. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-109551-5 © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]