DOCSLIB.ORG

VEGAN FOOD on 800 M2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
VEGAN FOOD on 800 M2 S T U D E N T P R O J E K T P Å E K H A G A F Ö R S Ö K S G Å R D • 2 0 0 1 VEGAN FOOD ON 800 m2 Lilja May Otto Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk 1 Studentprojekt på Ekhaga försöksgård • 2001 Vegan food on 800 m2 Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk SLU Box 7047 750 07 Uppsala Student projects at Ekhaga experimental farm • 2001 Centre for Sustainable Agriculture Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences S-750 07 Uppsala 2 Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk (CUL) S T U D E N T P R O J E K T P Å E K H A G A F Ö R S Ö K S G Å R D • 2 0 0 1 VEGAN FOOD ON 800 m2 Lilja May Otto Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk 3 ABSTRACT The sustainable production of foods is the larger topic of a set of projects run at the Ekhaga Experimental Farm at Funbo, Lövsta in Sweden. Two field experiments have been set up to investigate possibilities for self sufficiency based on an adjusted traditional diet and alternatively based on a vegan diet. The project focuses on the respective land requirements, an adapted choice of crops and the appropriate ecological production methods based on human labour. This report analyses the experiences and results from this year's vegan food plot. Space requirements for self-sufficient production based on a vegan diet are considerably lower than for any diet, which consists of a lot of meat. When plants are consumed directly such energy, which would be lost though further transformation within the food chain can be used directly1. It is assumed that under the given conditions sufficient food security can be achieved on a plot of 800 m2. The planning process and farming techniques were very much guided by the concept of permaculture. Permaculture seeks to create highly diverse, productive, and resilient agro-ecological systems, by imitating the patterns and features of natural ecosystems. The results have not been entirely analysed, since not all crops could be harvested, but a preliminary conclusion is given. 1Under extreme climatic conditions, that make it impossible to grow sufficient vegetables and potatoes or cereals, this does not hold true and animals might then be a more adequate source of nutrients. Contents PREFACE 3 INTRODUCTION 4 BACKGROUND 5 VEGAN NUTRITION 6 THE VEGAN FOOD PLOT 8 PRECONDITIONS 8 THE SET UP OF THE SYSTEM 8 PATTERN UNDERSTANDING 9 FARMING TECHNIQUES 10 THE CROPS 13 WORKLOAD 21 HARVEST 21 PLAN FOR 2002 AND LONG TERM 22 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 2 combination of practical work on Preface the farm, community work with the villagers and environmental I am a student of agricultural education for the children, this sciences and I have been studying project has a strong impact on the at SLU since last August as an way people work with their exchange student. In Berlin I have environment. The association studied general agricultural applied the principles of sciences for the past three years. Permaculture, which were My initial motivation for taking up developed by Bill Mollison in order my studies was my special interest to create highly diverse, productive, in ecological farming. I strongly and resilient agro-ecological believe that we need a change in systems. I have tried to apply some agriculture and I have high hopes of the principles of permaculture in for a new development towards my system. ecological and more sustainable agricultural systems. I would like to In this project it is hard to find a find an alternative to avoid the balance between pure theory and waste of energy, when transporting the methods and crops valid for foods from one end of the world to use in current Sweden. A the other. And I am also concerned nutritionally sound diet is not about the negative effects that the enough, but I also tried to take into unfair trade of commodities and the account, that we need some variety production of goods for export has in our diet and enough herbs to on many countries of the South. make it tasty and interesting all year around. I tried to keep the This is why I became interested in outside inputs as low as possible. If the idea of developing a system of I did use external materials I tried food self sufficiency for the North, to look for re-usable or recycled and decided to get involved in the material, such as re-usable and student project at Ekhaga. I also recyclable bird nets, and re-usable have a personal interest in working "fiber duk". with such a system, since I hope to be part of a farm or ecological community later on. I wanted to find out more about the traditional crops in Northern Europe and the also the possible uses of wild herbs and plants within a small scale agricultural system, for food and other purposes. In 1996/97 I had the chance to work on an ecological farming project in Ecuador. This work with the Fundación Golondrinas deeply fascinated me, as the association offered practical solutions to small farmers in the rural areas of Northern Ecuador. Through a 3 will also be to reduce energy Introduction consumption. Local production of locally adapted crops can be one Veganism, why go vegan….. some way in Agriculture, on the one hand reasons and then the land to avoid large inputs into question… agriculture, and on the other to Whether we will be able to produce avoid the transport costs. When enough food and how to go about it dividing all agricultural land in is an ever-important question. Sweden today, it comes to …m2 Today it is widely assumed that the per person. And at the same time quantity of food we produce is the average Sweden consumes enough and will be sufficient to food, which has been grown on sustain the world's population for approximately 3200m2 today. A quite some time. The question of person living on an adjusted food security is about more than traditional Swedish diet with only simply the produced amounts regional foods will need about 2500 though. It is about distribution of m2 with an additional 600m2 food, about growing the adequate pasture. types of food in the right places and it is also about poverty and ability Space requirements for self- to pay for the food available. These sufficient production based on a questions are widely discussed in vegan diet are considerably lower different fora and the scope of this then for any diet, which consists of issue goes far beyond this essay. a lot of meat. When plants are Here I am concerned with the consumed directly such energy, production side of the food security which would be lost though further issue. There are again different transformation within the food chain 2 aspect to the food production and can be used directly . The land its sustainability. It is important to necessary to sustain one person look at the environmental impact every year will vary greatly in and the energy requirements for different climates and on different production and transport as well as soils. One suggestion by at the types of food grown for an Jeavons(1995) is that to sustain adequate nutrition. These have to one person in the United States be adapted to the cultural food based on a vegan diet within a bio habits of the respective population. intensive system will be 4000 sq Food in Sweden is to a large feet. The ecology action group has extend imported from other developed a system which can European countries and from sustain one person on 1000 sq overseas. This implies high energy feet. These numbers show how costs for transporting the food to much the space requirements vary the consumer. When looking at in different environments and also reports about our energy reserves, within different production systems it becomes quite obvious, that we catering to different food habits. It will have to rethink our energy use is therefore interesting to look at for the future, if we want to be able to sustain our societies without the 2 Under extreme climatic conditions, that make excessive use of fossil fuels. it impossible to grow sufficient vegetables and Alternative energies are and will be potatoes or cereals, this does not hold true and animals might then be a more adequate source developed, but part of the solution of nutrients. 4 the case of Sweden individually to Background draw valid conclusions for the situation here. It is assumed that The project is set on the Ekhaga under the given conditions at Experimental Farm in Uppsala, Ekhaga sufficient food security can Sweden and it is running in its be achieved on a plot of 800 m2. fourth year now. It was started by Helena Ullmark in 1998. She had a strong interest in permaculture and include some of the ideas and concepts in the initial project. In the same year the first student projects were run at the Ekhaga experimental farm. These projects give students the possibility to explore a research topic in practice for one summer. The themes have been very diverse in the past years ranging from an investigation on the role of animals in an ecological farming system (e.g. weed management, nutrition on pasture), to work with biodiversity in the farming landscape. The vegan food plot became a student project in 1999. The reports from previous years are available through the Centre of Sustainable Agriculture (CUL) at the Swedish University Of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Is Food Produced?
    Supplementary Notes: (PJ Shlachtman): Food Resources How is Food Produced? What Plants and Animals Feed the World? • 15 plant and 8 animal species supply 90% of our food • wheat, rice and corn provide ~50% of the calories people consume; all three are annuals • 2/3 of the world's people live primarily on grains (rice, wheat and corn) The Two Major Types of Food Production • Industrialized agriculture (high-input agriculture) o uses large amts. of fuel energy, water, commercial fertilizers & pesticides • Plantation agriculture (cash crops) • Traditional subsistence agriculture • Traditional intensive agriculture The Green Revolution (1950-1970) Increased yields per unit of area of cropland Involves three steps 1. developing and planting monocultures of key crops 2. lavishing fertilizer, pesticides and water on crops to produce high yields 3. increasing the intensity and frequency of cropping A second green revolution (1967+) began when fast-growing dwarf varieties of rice and wheat were introduced into developing countries Case Study: Food Production in the U.S. • Production doubled since 1940 • Agribusiness – replacing smaller family farms w/ large corporate farms. • Each US farmer feeds about 140 people How Are Livestock Produced? • 10% of the world's land is suitable for producing crops • 20% is used for grazing cattle and sheep • Developed countries consume >50% of the world's grain • Poor developing countries eat mostly grain and live low on the food chain Traditional Agriculture • Interplanting - simultaneously grow several crops on the same plot of land • Common interplanting strategies: 1. Polyvarietal cultivation 2. Intercropping 3. Agroforestry (alley cropping) 4. Polyculture 1 World Food Problems 1950-1990: • amount of food traded in the world market quadrupled • population growth is outstripping food production • Factors leading to the slowdown in the growth of per capita grain production: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle?
    Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? edited by Steffen Abele and Klaus Frohberg Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO Volume 22 Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? Edited by Steffen Abele and Klaus Frohberg IAMO 2003 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2003 Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 062120 Halle (Saale) Tel. 49 (345) 2928-0 Fax 49 (345) 2928-199 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 3-9809270-2-4 INTRODUCTION STEFFEN ABELE, KLAUS FROHBERG Subsistence agriculture is probably the least understood and the most neglected type of agriculture. In a globalised, market-driven world, it remains at the same time a myth and a marginal phenomenon. Empirically, subsistence agriculture for a long time seemed to be restricted to developing countries, with only a few cases reported in Western Europe (CAILLAVET and NICHELE 1999; THIEDE 1994). Governmental support offered to subsistence agriculture was mainly done through agricultural development policies, the main objective being to have subsistence farmers participate in markets.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing Nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All!
    11 Food Sovereignty Neither Growing nor Yielding, but Fighting for Good Food for All! By: About the authors and their positions Irmi Salzer and Julianna Fehlinger We see ourselves as part of the movement for food sovereignty and are wri- ting from the perspective of the Österreichische Berg- und Kleinbäuer_in- Translated by: nenvereinigung ÖBV – Via Campesina !ustria" #$rmi %al&er' and the agro- Santiago Killing-Stringer political group !grar !ttac #(ulianna )ehlinger'* We are mainly active in !us- Release date: trian networ+s and participate in the ,y-l-ni movement for food sover- 1 !"1!#"1 eignty* We are also involved in the European ,y-l-ni process and are thus connected to partners throughout Europe* $rmi %al&er is an organic farmer htt$%&'/www!degrowth!de' en/dim' in Burgenland and (ulianna )ehlinger is sometimes a community farmer and sometimes an alpine farmer* 1. What is the key idea of food souvereignty? Food souvereignty: The right of all people to democratically decide how food is produced distributed and consumed )ood sovereignty as a concept was /rst presented in 1996 at the World )ood %ummit of the )ood and !griculture 2rganisation of the United ,ations #)!2' by 4a Via ampesina56 a global organisation of small farmers, rural wor+ers6 /shing communities, and landless and indigenous peoples. %ince then, food sovereignty has evolved into the political leitmotif of a growing number of social actors from the widest possible range of societal groups /ghting for the transformation of a global food and agricultural system do- minated by industrial interests and focused solely on pro/t* !t the beginning of the 1990s6 small farmers’ movements #at /rst mainly in 4atin !merica and Europe6 then in the rest of the world' realised that6 in light of the globalisation of agricultural mar+ets and the increasing political power of institutions such as the W92 in the agriculture sector6 it was ne- cessary to form a globally active alliance of farmers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Integration of 18Th and 19Th Century Subsistence Farming Practices Into the Planning and X-Zoning Laws of the City and County of Baltimore Clayton A
    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Fall 2013 The integration of 18th and 19th century subsistence farming practices into the planning and x-zoning laws of the city and county of Baltimore Clayton A. Hayes James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Hayes, Clayton A., "The integration of 18th and 19th century subsistence farming practices into the planning and x-zoning laws of the city and county of Baltimore" (2013). Masters Theses. 231. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/231 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Integration of 18th and 19th Century Subsistence Farming Practices into the Planning and Zoning Laws of the City and County of Baltimore Clayton Hayes A Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science ISAT MALTA December, 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the University of Malta and James Madison University for providing me the opportunity to earn a collaborative International Master’s Degree in ISAT and SERM. To all of my professors and administrators, thank you for providing me the knowledge applicable to my dissertation/thesis as well as future endeavors.
    [Show full text]
  • Clip-On Architecture: Tropical Deforestation and Potential Solutions to the Climate Crisis
    ‘Landscapes’. This 4-piece series explores the obsession inherent in the romantic landscape of recreating the world and simultaneously being part of it. © COPYRIGHT Levi van Veluw, Courtesy Ronmandos gallery, Unit CMA Agency. Clip-On Architecture: Tropical Deforestation and Potential Solutions to the Climate Crisis Vanessa Keith “One of the primary causes of global environmental change is tropical deforestation...” (Geist & Lambin, 143) “Perhaps the easiest and most beneficial way to reduce emissions would be to stop the destruction of tropical forests...estimates suggest that up to 20 percent of human greenhouse gas emissions come from deforestation in the tropics.” (Lynas, 297) TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL FOREST COVER: PAST AND PRESENT Tropical Original Tropical Current Temperate Original http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/chapter_28.htm Temperate Current Introduction: The Tabula Rasa City Much of the literature related to the role of the built environment in climate change has focused on new technologies and new ideas which might be implemented in new buildings. Tabula rasa eco-cities trumpeting their green credentials and high levels of environmental sustainability are being planned in the U.S., China, and Abu Dhabi, among other places, and green is the word of the day. Treasure Island in San Francisco will be transformed from a military base to become a community of some 6,000 new apartment buildings for 13,500 residents by 2020. Dongtan, a new city planned for Chongming Island on the outskirts of Shanghai, is currently an alluvial wetland and the future site of a 500,000 resident community which will reach full size by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • Directions for Long-Term Research in Traditional Agricultural Systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands
    Micronesica 40(1/2): 63-86, 2008 Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands HARLEY I. MANNER College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 Abstract— Following a review of the major systems of traditional agriculture, this paper briefly considers the role of traditional agriculture in environmental modification, and the related concepts of sustain- ability, agricultural intensification, carrying capacity, biodiversity and agricultural disintensification (abandonment). Research interest in traditional agricultural systems of the Pacific Islands has waned considerably since the 1960s and there are few current studies of these systems in Micronesia. Both species and cultivar diversity of the traditional agricultural systems of the region are high and may contribute significantly to their sustainability. However, there is little ongoing research on the role of biodiversity in these traditional systems. Some reasons for the apparent lack of research in the ecology of traditional agricultural systems are presented. The Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) network emphasizes investigation of the function of biodiversity and the health of ecosystems in the tropical Pacific Islands. Accordingly, PABITRA’s focus should be on long-term monitoring of traditional agricultural systems in order to define their structural and functional characteristics and the relationship between diversity and sustainability. Given the rapid rate of modernization, the documentation of traditional agricultural knowledge and resources is imperative as this knowledge is rapidly being lost. Introduction Traditional agriculture has a profound effect on the biodiversity and landscape ecology of the Pacific Islands. The most viable and sustainable of these traditional systems are those which mimic the structure and function of their corresponding natural ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Subsistence to Commercial Transition in Agricultural Development
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1969 The ubs sistence to commercial transition in agricultural development Elisha Walter Coward Jr. Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Coward, Elisha Walter Jr., "The ubsis stence to commercial transition in agricultural development" (1969). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3566. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3566 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 69-20,632 COWARD, Jr., Elisha Walter, 1937- THE SUBSISTENCE TO COMMERCIAL TRANSITION IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOP­ MENT. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1969 Sociology, general University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE SUBSISTENCE TO COMMERCIAL TRANSITION # A i m /\ ; rMr»#rri/> # M r*\ui\iwwi wi>r\b. L/w w lu j.w i I'tw i by Elisha Walter Coward, Jr. A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Sociology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence in Samoa: Influences of the Capitalist Global Economy on Conceptions of Wealth and Well-Being
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2019 Subsistence in Samoa: influences of the capitalist global economy on conceptions of wealth and well-being Tess Hosman SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Pacific Islands Languages and Societies Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, Regional Sociology Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Recommended Citation Hosman, Tess, "Subsistence in Samoa: influences of the capitalist global economy on conceptions of wealth and well-being" (2019). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 3045. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3045 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Subsistence in Samoa: influences of the capitalist global economy on conceptions of wealth and well-being Tess Hosman Advisor Mika Maiava Dr. Fetaomi Tapu-Qiliho S.I.T. Samoa, Spring 2019 Hosman 1 Abstract This paper studies Samoa’s position in the global economy as an informal agricultural economy. A country’s access to the global economy reflects a level of socio-economic development and political power. It is also reflective of the country’s history of globalization. This research uses an analysis of past and current forms of colonization that continue to influence cultural and ideological practices, specifically practices regarding food.
    [Show full text]
  • SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT ILEIA -2 Orr Manual for the Humid Tropics Luuiuas 0 00 E J
    WAU ECOLOGY INSTITUTE HANDBOOK No. 10 fürBrot die welt ILEIA P.O. Box 64 3830 AB LEUSDEN The Netherlands SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT ILEIA -2 orr Manual for the Humid Tropics luuiuas 0 00 e j 1 i Edited by Friedhelm Goeltenboth The publication of this book was kindly supported by Bread for the World, Stuttgart. Their valuable contribution is acknowledged with thanks. CIP-Titelauftaahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Subsistence agriculture improvement : manual for the humid tropics / ed. by Friedhelm Goeltenboth. - Weikersheim : Margraf, 1990 (Tropical agroecology; 4) ISBN 3-8236-1157-7 NE: Goeltenboth, Friedhelm [Hrsg.]; GT Contributing Authors: V.E. Dalpadado, F. Goeltenboth, N.H.S. Howcroft, B. Louman, G. Nalu, F. Samana, B. Siki The contents of signed articles is the entire responsibility of the respective author. Illustrations : Sally Shaw Printing and Binding: F. & T. Müllerbader Forststraße 18 D-7024 Filderstadt Federal Republic of Germany © 1985, 1990 Wau Ecology Institute P.O. Box 77 Wau, Papua New Guinea National Library Papua New Guinea ISBN 9980-73-001-3 Copublished by : 1990 Margraf Scientific Publishers Mühlstraße 9, P.O. Box 105 D-6992 Weikersheim Federal Republic of Germany ISBN 3-8236-1157-7 ISSN 0935-9109 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editor and the authors gratefully acknowledge the help received by the WAU ECOLOGY INSTITUTE and its director Mr. Harry Sakulas MSc., the Project Planning Com­ mittee chaired by Prof. Dr. E. Balasubramaniam, Miss Sally Shaw (USA) for her excellent drawings illustrating this manual, Mrs. Ellen Woodley (Canada) for her substantial help in correcting the manuscript and Bread for the World, Stutt­ gart, West Germany for providing financial assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence Farming Is Becoming More Important
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Moldova Poverty Assessment 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 105724-MD Moldova Poverty Assessment 2016 Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty and Shared Prosperity Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty and Shared Prosperity Structural Transformation of Moldovan Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Poverty and Shared Prosperity Table of Content Table of Content ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................iv List of Figures .....................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................vi Overview ............................................................................................................................................vii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Public Opinions on Degrowth in Montréal Samantha Mailhot Prévost
    Running out of time: Public opinions on degrowth in Montréal Samantha Mailhot Prévost A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geography, Planning and Environment) in the Faculty of Arts and Science at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada September 2020 © Samantha Mailhot Prévost 2020 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Samantha Mailhot Prévost Entitled: Running out of time: Public opinions on degrowth in Montréal and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geography, Urban and Environmental Studies) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: _________________________________________ Chair Dr. Norma Rantisi _________________________________________ Internal Examiner Dr. Kevin Gould _________________________________________ External Examiner Dr. Geoffrey Garver _________________________________________ Supervisor Dr. H. Damon Matthews _________________________________________ Co-Supervisor Dr. Bengi Akbulut Approved by _________________________________________ Dr. Craig Townsend Chair of Department _________________________________________ Dr. Pascale Sicotte Dean of Faculty of Arts and Science Date: __________________ II ABSTRACT Running out of time: Public opinions on growth and degrowth in Montreal Samantha Mailhot Prévost As every nation in the world continues its pursuit for everlasting economic growth, global temperatures are increasing at an alarming rate. For decades, scholars have warned about human impacts on the environment, cautioning us on our exhaustive use of resources and the implications of our seemingly innate need to grow economically. It has been asserted that economic growth is not sustainable, and its contraction is unavoidable due to natural limits, therefore any research on managing and prospering without growth is of great value.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Food and Agriculture: Trends and Challenges
    1 ISSN 2522-7211 (print) ISSN 2522-7211 (online) ISSN 2522-722X The future of food and agriculture Trends and challenges The future of food and agriculture Trends and challenges Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2017 Citation: FAO. 2017. The future of food and agriculture – Trends and challenges. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-109551-5 © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]