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Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene Naticid Gastropods of Northern Italy

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Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene Naticid Gastropods of Northern Italy Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 122(2): 109-234. July 2016 EOCENE, OLIGOCENE AND MIOCENE NATICID GASTROPODS OF NORTHERN ITALY ELIO ROBBA1, LUCA PEDRIALI2 & ERMANNO QUAGGIOTTO3 1Università di Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Sezione Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, 20126 Milano, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 2Via S. Pertini 29, 44124 San Martino, Ferrara, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 3Via Secula 13, 36023 Longare, Vicenza, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Robba E., Pedriali L. & Quaggiotto E. (2016) - Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene naticid gastropods of Northern Italy . Riv. It. Paleont. Strat., 122(2): 109-234. Key words: Taxonomy, Gastropoda, Naticinae, Poliniceinae, Sininae, Paleogene, Miocene, Northern Italy. Abstract. The present paper covers 77 species and six subspecies of naticid gastropods occurring in the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene units of Northern Italy; all are described and commented on in the systematic account. Forty-two taxa are identified as formerly described ones; of these, 16 are associated with a generic name different from the previous one, and four are ranked at a different taxonomic level. Twenty-four taxa are proposed as new and the rest likely represent undescribed species, but more, better preserved material is required in order to establish their identity and to name them. Of the 83 taxa considered, 17 are assigned to the genus Cochlis Röding, 1798, one belongs in Cryptonatica Dall, 1892, another belongs in Tanea Marwick, 1931, 11 are members of the genus Tectonatica Sacco, 1890, three are included in Ampullonatica Sacco, 1890, one belongs in Eunaticina Fischer, 1885, 20 are assigned to Euspira Agassiz in J. Sowerby, 1837, three belong in Neverita Risso, 1826, five belong in Payraudeautia Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus,1883, two agree with the characters of Pliconacca Cossmann & Martin in Martin, 1914, four are members of Polinices Montfort, 1810, two belong in Sigatica Meyer & Aldrich, 1886, four belong in Sigaretotrerma Sacco, 1890, and nine have the characters of the genus Sinum Röding, 1798. All genera are discussed in terms of type species designation, distinctive characters and subfamilial affiliation (when different from the current one). The character analysis has shown that the measurable elements of the protoconch along with its microsculpture (if any) are diagnostic in many species of all subfamilies. The features of the outer surface of the calcareous operculum pro- ved to be diagnostic in the Pliocene and Recent naticine species. In the present case, the operculum of only four Co- chlis species is known, readily differentiating them from one another. The umbilical characters, i.e. umbilicus width and presence/absence and strength of inner spiral structures, proved to be of variable utility in identifying species. The inner umbilical characters are never species-diagnostic in the case of the naticine taxa, particularly those of Co- chlis. The inner structures, primarily presence/absence, number and strength of cordlets or threads on the umbilical bottom, are more effective in distinguishing poliniceine taxa. The umbilical callus can be used diagnostically for a limited number of naticine and poliniceine taxa. The exterior sculpture of the teleoconch (absent in the naticine and in most poliniceine taxa) is well developed in all the sinine species. In the case of Sigaretotrema and Sinum, the sculptural characters proved to be relevant in species recognition. The color pattern is diagnostic in most of the taxa in which this character is preserved. The shell morphology and the apertural characters are relevant only in a few cases. In the absence of diagnostic elements, a combination of all characters can help in recognizing species. INTRODUCTION Eocene to Oligocene (one), from Oligocene to Mio- cene (six), from Miocene to Pliocene (seven), and The present paper, following another three from Miocene to Pleistocene/Recent (five);Neverita devoted to the Pliocene naticids of Italy (Pedriali olla (de Serres, 1829) is the most widely distributed & Robba 2005, 2008a, 2009), examines the Eocene species, collected from Early Oligocene to Pliocene. through Miocene naticids and aims to complete the The Tertiary naticid taxa of Italy identified so far treatment of Italian Tertiary naticids. It covers 77 result to be 103 in total (Pedriali & Robba 2005, species and six subspecies (11 of them also dealt 2008a, 2009, and present paper). Other species with in the cited papers on the Pliocene Naticidae). proposed or referred to in the literature (e.g. Natica Of these, 21 occur in the Eocene, 13 in the Oligo- achatensis Recluz, 1841, N. canovae Oppenheim, 1901, cene, and 29 in the Miocene. The rest range from N. ottiliae Penecke, 1885, N. scapulata Oppenheim, 1901, N. viatrix Vinassa de Regny, 1898) were nei- Received: July 15, 2015; accepted: February 7, 2016 ther found in the collections examined, nor were 110 Robba E., Pedriali L. & Quaggiotto E. Fig. 1 Fig. 1 - Sketch map of Italian naticid localities; locality numbers are those in the Appendix. they recovered during field work. Further research better preserved material is required in order to might increase the total number of naticid taxa in- establish their identity and to name them. dicated above for the Tertiary of Italy. Of the eighty-three taxa considered herein, This study is based on about 5.000 speci- seventeen are assigned to the genus Cochlis Röding, mens collected from 53 localities of Northern 1798, one belongs in Cryptonatica Dall, 1892, an- Italy, mostly in Piedmont and Veneto, a few in Li- other belongs in Tanea Marwick, 1931, eleven are guria and Emilia-Romagna (Fig. 1); brief informa- members of the genus Tectonatica Sacco, 1890, tion on the Italian localities is provided in the Ap- three are included in Ampullonatica Sacco, 1890, pendix. Additional material relevant to the research, one belongs in Eunaticina Fischer, 1885, twenty are from the Eocene of Great Britain and France, along assigned to Euspira Agassiz in J. Sowerby, 1837, with specimens from the Miocene of France and three belong in Neverita Risso, 1826, five belong The Netherlands, was incorporated. Pertinent nati- in Payraudeautia Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Doll- cids in the vast Bellardi-Sacco collection (Museo di fus,1883, two agree with the characters of Pliconac- Geologia e Paleontologia dell’Università di Torino) ca Cossmann & Martin in Martin, 1914, four are and in other public and private collections (see the members of Polinices Montfort, 1810, two belong list in the Systematic account) were examined. De- in Sigatica Meyer & Aldrich, 1886, four belong in spite the fair to poor preservation of the stud- Sigaretotrerma Sacco, 1890, and nine have the char- ied shells, several specimens with preserved api- acters of the genus Sinum Röding, 1798. cal whorls and/or still retaining the color were present in this large collection. Consequently, the shell characters of most species could be ob- MORPHOLOGY AND CHARACTER ANALYSIS served and analyzed in terms of range of varia- tion and diagnostic value. For a review of the naticid characters, Forty-two taxa (out of 83) are identified as along with information on the significance ac- formerly described ones, introduced in the course corded to them by different workers, reference of the 19th and earliest 20th century; of these, 16 can be made to Pedriali & Robba (2005, 2009). are associated with a generic name different from The terms indicating the parts of the naticid the previous one, and four are ranked at a differ- shells as well as the standard measurements are ent taxonomic level. Twenty-four taxa are herein those adopted by the just cited authors and are proposed as new and the rest (17) almost cer- shown in Fig. 2. Tables are included in the sup- tainly represent undescribed species, but more, plementary file. Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene naticid gastropods of Northern Italy 111 Fig. 3 0,40 0,35 0,30 whorl (mm) - 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 diameter diameter of the first half 0,05 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 protoconch diameter (mm) Fig. 3 - Relationship between diameter of the first half-whorl of the protoconch and protoconch diameter in the naticine taxa; solid diamond: Cochlis craccoi; open diamond: C. degran- gei; gray-shaded diamond: C. epigloafuniculata; solid circle: C. epiglopardalis; open circle: C. epiglottina epiglottina; gray-shaded Fig. 2 - Standard measurements and illustrated glossary of the terms circle: C. mortoni; solid triangle: C. neglecta; open triangle: C. used for parts of naticid shell and operulum (from Pedriali pseudovittata; gray-shaded triangle: C. raropunctata raropunctata; & Robba 2005). solid square: C. sallomacensis; open square: C. separata; gray- shaded square: C. tigrina; multiplication sign: Cryptonatica noe; gray-shaded multiplication sign: Tanea dillwyni koeneni; bold Protoconch multiplication sign: Tectonatica albertii; cross: T. astensis; gray- Pedriali & Robba (2005) considered the dashed cross: T. burtoni altavillensis; bold cross: T. consimilis; asterisk: T. dertomamilla; gray-shaded asterisk: T. miocolligens; protoconch small when the average value of the bold asterisk: T. pasinii; dash: T. rupeliana; bold dash: T. tec- diameter falls within a 0.5-1.0 mm range, and re- Fig. 4 tula; large solid triangle: Tectonatica sp. 1; large open triangle: Tectonatica sp. 2. garded a protoconch of 1.226 mm in diameter as medium-sized. The diameter of the initial half- whorl was said to be very small (less than 0.1 mm), 0,30 small (0.1-0.2 mm), medium-sized (0.3-0.4 mm), and large (greater than 0.4 mm). Based on both 0,25 whorl (mm) the Pliocene taxa (Pedriali & Robba 2005, 2008a, - 0,20 2009) and those covered herein, the above classifi- cation is refined as follows. According to the value 0,15 of its diameter, the protoconch can be small (0.5- 1.0 mm), medium-sized (1.0-1.5 mm), large (1.5- 0,10 2.0 mm), and very large (greater than 2.0 mm).
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