Work Life 2000 Yearbook 3 2001
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Work Life 2000 Yearbook 3 Springer London Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Work Life 2000 Yearbook 3 2001 The third of a series of Yearbooks in the Work Life 2000 programme, preparing for the Work Life 2000 Conference in Malmo¨ 22–25 January 2001, as part of the Swedish Presidency of the European Union Organised by: Swedish National Institute for Working Life Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health Swedish National Labour Market Board Swedish Joint Industrial Safety Council Edited by: Richard Ennals Kingston Business School, Kingston University, UK 1 Springer Richard Ennals, MA, PGCE Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT2 7LB ISBN 1-85233-383-9 Springer-Verlag London Berlin Heidelberg British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Worklife 2000 yearbook 3: 2001 1. Labor – Congresses 2. Labor – Social aspects – Congresses 3. Employees – Effect of technological innovations on – Congresses 4. Labor laws and legislation – Congresses 5. Labor policy – Congresses I. Ennals, Richard 331 ISBN 1852333839 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Swedish National Institute for Working Life Printed in Great Britain The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Typesetting: Gray Publishing, Tunbridge Wells, England Printed and bound by Athenæum Press Ltd, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England 34/3830-543210 Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10782989 Work Life 2000 Organising Committee from the Swedish National Institute for Working Life (NIWL): Inger Ohlsson, Chair Bengt Knave, Vice Chair from the Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (NBOSH): Kenth Petersson Bertil Remaeus from the Swedish National Labour Market Board (NLMB): Anders L. Johansson Levi Svenningsson from the Swedish Joint Industrial Safety Council (JISC): Henrik Lindahl Secretariat: Arne Wennberg, Secretary General Maud Werner Lena Skio¨ld, Information Preface The Work Life 2000 project, organised by the National Institute for Working Life, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health, the National Labour Market Board and the Joint Industrial Safety Council, Sweden, started in 1997. Since then researchers, experts and practitioners from different countries and different disciplines have gathered in international, scientific workshops to illuminate virtually all aspects of modern working life, demonstrating clearly in the process the links between work organisation, labour market issues, work environment and diversity in working life. The results of the workshops will serve as the basis for the Swedish European Presidency Conference to be held in Malmo¨ in 22–24 January 2001. The aim of this Work Life Conference is to bring the problems and possibilities of modern working life to the fore, and to broaden and deepen the discussion of them. The conference is aimed at decision-makers: representatives of governments, labour market parties, authorities, business organisations, and others. After these three years of work with Work Life 2000, we can see that a new European process has begun: democratic, participative, diverse, multidisciplinary, dynamic, and founded in practical experience of working life, and we hope it will go on for a long time yet. Inger Ohlsson Henrik Lindahl Director-General Managing Director National Institute for Working Life Joint Industrial Safety Council Kenth Petersson Anders L Johansson Director-General Director-General National Board of Occupational Safety National Labour Market Board and Health vii Contents 1. Introduction to Work Life 2000 Workshops.................... 1 2. Workshop Proceedings Labour Market............................................. 3 1. The Public Employment Service and Transitional Labour Markets . 3 2. Just in Time Employment: Psychological and Medical Perspectives. 9 3. Enlargement, Globalisation and the New Labour Market: Challenges for Europe . ............................................... 18 Work Organisation ......................................... 24 1. Sustainable Workplaces . .................................. 24 2. The 24 Hour Society and the New Millennium. .................. 29 3. The New Economy, New Jobs and Regional Development . .......... 40 Work Environment ......................................... 45 1. The High Prevalence of Airway Allergy: Implications for Working Life . 45 2. Does Recycling Lead to New Problems in the Working Environment?. 48 3. Strategies for Occupational Health Research in a Changing Europe. 59 4. Neuromuscular Mechanisms Behind Work-related Myalgia .......... 67 5. Governmental Actions as a Means of Improving the Working Environment . .......................................... 76 6. Normative Actions for Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders . 84 7. Rehabilitation in Coronary Heart Disease . ...................... 99 8. Control of Risks in the Workplace: Application of International Standards 109 Gender .................................................. 119 1. Gender Differences in Working Conditions and Health: Implications for OSH policy in EU . ...................................... 119 2. Gender Aspects of Workplace Health Promotion in a European Perspective . .......................................... 134 3. Women’s Condition in Working Life. .......................... 144 Multicultural Society ........................................ 158 1. Workplace Diversity: A Research Perspective on Policy and Practice . 158 2. Work Force Diversity in Europe .............................. 168 ix x Contents Small and Medium Sized Enterprises ............................ 177 1. Work and Health in Small Enterprises . ...................... 177 2. Methods for Small Companies to Improve Their Own Working Environment . .......................................... 193 3. Chemical Exposure Assessment and Exposure Data Handling in Small and Medium Size Enterprises . .................................. 208 Information Society ......................................... 218 1. Information Society: A Challenge to Health and Safety at Work . ...... 218 Conclusions from the 2000 Workshops ......................... 227 Subject Index.............................................. 229 Name Index ............................................... 233 Supplementary Volume 1. Legal Dimensions of European Employment Strategy 2. Balanced IT in a Fast Changing Industrial Environment and Labour Market 3. Discrimination and Affirmative Action on the Labour Market Introduction to Work Life 2000 Workshops The pace of the Work Life 2000 project has accelerated in 2000, in the final months before the Swedish Presidency of the European Union, and the Malmo¨ Work Life 2000 conference, and there has been an increased focus in the deliberations. The quality of contributions and chairmanship has been maintained, and the basis for an agenda for European Working Life policy is emerging. The task of the workshops has been to prepare the research foundations for the conference. A by- product of these efforts is a network of 1000 researchers, and a mass of new collaborative work and publications. The conference programme deals with the workshops in four overall themes, but we have kept to the structure set out in Yearbook 2. Conference participants will have guides, cross-referencing the scientific reports, popular summaries and Yearbook reports, Because of the number of workshops in 2000, the length of reports has had to be shortened. As has been the case since the start of the project in December 1997, full summaries were prepared for each workshop, and circulated to participants, but the final text underwent further editing. The reports of the final three workshops of the series, held in October and November 2000, are to be found in the supplementary volume, included with the set of Yearbooks. The full text of all of the workshop reports is available on the enclosed CD-ROM, in PDF format. The Office of the Swedish Trade Unions in Brussels has hosted the majority of workshops in 2000, and we are grateful for the use of the facilities, and for the support of the staff. We are grateful also to the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in Dublin, and to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in Bilbao, each of which has hosted several workshops during the series. 1 Labour Market 1. The Public Employment Service and Transitional Labour Markets The workshop was led by Gu¨nther Schmid, and held at WZB in Berlin, 5 April 2000. The role of the Public Employment