Eureka Vol 3 2.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eureka Vol 3 2.Pdf EXPOSITION OF THE APOCALYPSE. 129 before the throne. The reader, therefore, may easily perceive the fitness of the historian's style, in continuing: "The throne of the Almighty was darkened by a cloud of martyrs, saints, and angels, the objects of popul- ar veneration; while the Virgin Mary was invested with the name and honors of a goddess." They are,indeed, a cloud darkening the Al- mighty's throne, so that no worshipper of daemonial ghosts, daemonial relics, and daemonial images, can see that throne, or find transmission for a single sigh. Such were the many new deities raised to the rank of celestial and invincible protectors of the Roman empire. The intelligent reader will know that they exist only in the intoxicated imaginations of their de- luded worshippers, as do the phantoms seen by an inebriate in delirium tremens. Immortality is neither innate nor disembodied. "The Deity only hath it," Paul says; and he only bestows it upon obedient believers of the truth as it is in the Jesus he preached; and that bestowal is upon men and women bodily existing; and by clothing their bodies with incor- ruptibility and deathlessness after resurrection from among the dead. This is what the scripture teaches in opposition to the mythologies of the ancient and modern worlds. If "the simplicity which is in Christ" had not been departed from, there would have been no catholic and protestant daemonialism. The dogma of inherent immortality in sin's flesh would have remained with the old pagans; but the faith was departed from by those who ought to have been its earnest defenders. They abandoned the word, and substituted the vain imaginations of the heathen, which are all resolvable into the reasonings and speculations of the brain, un- enlightened by revelation of any kind. They became polytheists in spite of revelation; and polytheists they will remain till Babylon falls; and the divine reprobation is stamped upon its idolatry in its destruction by the judgment to be executed by the saints. The clergy, who are in all ages the blind adherents and patrons of pro- fitable errors, came to perceive that this polytheistic daemonialism would be more valuable to them than gold or precious stones. This stimulated them to a fraudulent multiplication of daemonial relics, such as the bones, hair, teeth, toe nails, blood, and so forth, of some fictitious saint or martyr; all of which were declared to be holy and endowed with miraculous powers for the healing of the sick, and even for the resurrec- tion of the dead. "Without much regard for truth or probability," says Gibbon, "they invented names for skeletons, and actions for names. The fame of the apostles, and of the holy men who had imitated their virtues, was darkened by religious fiction. To the invincible band of genuine and primitive martyrs, they added myriads of imaginary heroes who had never existed, except in the fancy of crafty or credulous legen- 130 EXPOSITION OF THE APOCALYPSE. daries; and there is reason to suspect that Tours might not be the only diocese in which the bones of a malefactor were adored instead of those of a saint." But, he believes that "the progress of superstition would have been much less rapid and victorious if the faith of the people had not been as- sisted by the seasonable aid of visions and miracles" (termed by Paul, "all power, and signs, and wonders of falsehood") "to ascertain the authenticity and virtue of the most suspicious relics." He then gives an account of how the remains of Stephen were discovered by the appear- ance of Gamaliel to one Lucian, a presbyter of Jerusalem, in the reign of Theodosius II., A.D. 421-460. The ghost named Gamaliel revealed the place of Stephen's burial. When his alleged coffin came into view, the earth trembled, and an odor such as that of Paradise was smelt, which instantly cured the various diseases of seventy-three of the assistants. These fragrant daemonial relics were transported in clerical procession to a church-bazaar constructed in their honor on Mount Zion; and the minute particles of those relics, a drop of blood, or the scrapings of a bone, were acknowledged in almost every province of the Roman world to possess a divine and miraculous virtue. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, a renowned saint of the Apostasy, and the great exemplar of Mr. Elliott's "sealed ones," attests the innumerable prodigies performed in Africa by the daemonial relics of the catholic St. Stephen. In his work, the City of God, he enumerates about seventy miracles, of which three were resur- rections from the dead, in the space of two years, and within the limits of his own diocese! Paul had such "saints" as this Augustine before his mind when he wrote to Timothy that in later times there would be "seducing spirits, with teachings concerning daemonials; speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared as with a hot iron." If we enlarge our view to all the dioceses and all the saints of the catholic world, it will not be easy to calculate the fables and the errors which is- sued from this inexhaustible source. "Whatever might be the condition of vulgar souls in the long inter- val between the dissolution and the resurrection of their bodies, it was evident," says Gibbon, satirically, "that the superior spirits (or deified ghosts) of the saints and martyrs did not consume that portion of their existence in silent and inglorious sleep. To the pious worshippers, it was evident that these daemonial spirits enjoyed the lively and active con- sciousness of their happiness, their virtues, and their powers, and that they had already secured the possession of their eternal reward. The en- largement of their intellectual faculties surpassed the measure of the human imagination, since it was proved by the (alleged) experience of their worshippers that they were capable of hearing and understanding EXPOSITION OF THE APOCALYPSE. 131 the various petitions of their numerous votaries, who, in the same moment of time, but in the most distant parts of the world, invoked the name and assistance of Stephen or of Martin." The confidence of their suppliants was based on the supposition that the saints, by daemonial transformation were reigning with Christ, and were warmly interested in the prosperity of the catholic church; and that the individuals who im- itated the examples of their faith and piety, were the peculiar and fa- vorite objects of their most tender regard.They imagined that the dae- monials viewed, with partial affection, the places which had been conse- crated by their birth, their residence, their death, their burial, or the pos- session of their relics. In short, as the daemonials of the aerial were the mere fictions of disordered imaginations, the vagaries of the human mind in its passion and desires were ascribed to them. Thus, they were as proud, avaricious, and revengeful as their votaries, neither more nor less. As all they had to say to their worshippers was said or interpreted by lying and hypocritical priests and monks, they testified their grate- ful approbation of the liberality of their votaries; and hurled the sharpest bolts of punishment against those impious wretches who violated their magnificent shrines or disbelieved their supernatural power. "The imagi- nation, which had been raised by a painful effort to the contemplation and worship of the Universal Cause, eagerly embraced such inferior objects of adoration as were more proportioned to its gross conceptions and imperfect faculties. The sublime and simple theology of the primi- tive Christians was gradually corrupted; and the monarchy of heaven, already clouded by metaphysical subtleties, was degraded by the intro- duction of a popular mythology, which tended to restore the reign of polytheism."— Gibbon. Thus, contemporary with the sounding of the fifth and sixth trum- pets the latter of which did not cease to sound till A.D. 1794, the daemons of pagan Rome recovered their places in the aerial under new names; and became the patrons and protectors of the catholic apostasy. These trumpets were terrible judgments inflicted upon mankind be- cause of their daemonolatry and idolatry. Protestantism appeared on the stage of action about the time of, or a few years before, the killing of the third of the men by the fourth angel power. But, though it protested against some catholic abominations of the grosser sort, it still clung tenaciously to the beatified existence of the daemonials in the aerial. It holds to all the absurdities which flow from the dogma of hereditary im- mortality, and the disembodied existence of the immortal essence after death. It erects statues in honor of its departed great, and dedicates them with clerical prayers and other ceremonies; and proclaims the dead to be alive in heaven, whence they look down with pleasure and 132 EXPOSITION OF THE APOCALYPSE. grateful satisfaction upon the demonstrations of their admirers. Protestant daemonolatry is no more agreeable to heaven than the dae- mon worship of the catholic world. Behold the vengeance that desolates the protestant South, and that oppresses the protestant North with death and perplexity. These sectarian sections, being composed of all kinds of polytheists, are being plagued for reasons similiar to those which caused the locust-torment, and the loosing of the four trans-Euphratean angel- powers. Erecting statues, and memorial windows in churches, in honor of "immortal souls in heaven," is worship, homage, or reverence, and they who practise such things are as much guilty of "worshipping the demonials," as are they who bow down before the image of a "saint." 12. "Idols" The All Seeing Spirit, in ch.
Recommended publications
  • Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
    Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V. STUDIA BYZANTINO-OCCIDENTALIA Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XXXII
    ANTIQUITAS • BYZANTIUM • RENASCENTIA XXXII. BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V. Studia ANT I U Byzantino-Occidentalia YZ M B R E S N A A T S I C U E N Q I T T I A Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia N A MMXIII BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V: EÖTVÖS-JÓZSEF-COLLEGIUM ELTE BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V. STUDIA BYZANTINO-OCCIDENTALIA Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XXXII. Herausgegeben von Zoltán Farkas László Horváth Tamás Mészáros Eötvös-József-Collegium 2018 Byzanz und das Abendland V. Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia Herausgegeben von Erika Juhász Eötvös-József-Collegium Budapest 2018 Der vorliegende Band konnte im Rahmen des Nationales Forschungs-, Entwicklungs- und Innovationsbüro – NKFIH-Forschungsprojekts ,,Társadalmi kontextus a szövegkritika tükrében: Bizáncon innen és túl“ (NN 124539) und des vom Ministerium für Nationale Ressourcen unterstützten Projekts für ungarische Fachkollegien NTP-SZKOLL-17-0025 realisiert werden. Verantwortlicher Herausgeber: László Horváth, Direktor des Eötvös-József-Collegiums Anschrift: ELTE Eötvös-József-Collegium H-1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 11-13 © Eötvös-József-Collegium und die einzelnen VerfasserInnen, 2018 Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-615-5371-91-2 ISSN 2064-2369 Druck: Pátria Nyomda Zrt. 1117 Budapest, Hunyadi János út 7 Generaldirektorin: Katalin Orgován Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ....................................................................................................................... 11 Peter Schreiner Der Koloman-Palast in Konstantinopel und die Árpáden ..........................13 Hermann Harrauer
    [Show full text]
  • The Magazine of the Historical Association
    Number 127 Autumn 2015 The magazine of the Historical Association Agincourt Photo by: ITV/REX Shutterstock New history writing competition The Historical Association and will receive a £1,000 advance How to enter Amberley Publishing are excited and a contract with Amberley to announce the launch of a Publishing, who will publish, You should include: brand new competition to find promote and distribute the • A 200-word synopsis. the best unpublished, non-fiction finished book. The winner will history book and are seeking also have the opportunity to • A chapter plan with a brief both aspiring and established write an article about their book description of what will be authors to submit interesting and for The Historian. covered in each chapter. original proposals. • A 50-word biography of The judging panel for the yourself including any Whether you have a completed competition will include the relevant experience. manuscript or just a good idea, bestselling author and Historian • 2,000 words of sample we want to hear about it. This Michael Pye, the Historical writing from the opening of is your chance to become a Association’s President Professor the book. published history author. Justin Champion, Amberley’s • Some sample images, if publishing director Jon Jackson, images are integral to the Jon Jackson, publishing chairman of the Book Trade book. director at Amberley, says, ‘This Charity and authors Amy Licence competition taps into the massive and Lesley McDowell. Deadline for entries: grassroots interest in local and 1 November 2015. personal history and the unique Amy Licence says, ‘This is a elements of British heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • ED 194 419 EDRS PRICE Jessup, John E., Jr.: Coakley, Robert W. A
    r r DOCUMENT RESUME ED 194 419 SO 012 941 - AUTHOR Jessup, John E., Jr.: Coakley, Robert W. TITLE A Guide to the Study and use of Military History. INSTITUTION Army Center of Military History, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 79 NOTE 497p.: Photographs on pages 331-336 were removed by ERIC due to poor reproducibility. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 ($6.50). EDRS PRICE MF02/PC20 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *History: military Personnel: *Military Science: *Military Training: Study Guides ABSTRACT This study guide On military history is intended for use with the young officer just entering upon a military career. There are four major sections to the guide. Part one discusses the scope and value of military history, presents a perspective on military history; and examines essentials of a study program. The study of military history has both an educational and a utilitarian value. It allows soldiers to look upon war as a whole and relate its activities to the periods of peace from which it rises and to which it returns. Military history also helps in developing a professional frame of mind and, in the leadership arena, it shows the great importance of character and integrity. In talking about a study program, the guide says that reading biographies of leading soldiers or statesmen is a good way to begin the study of military history. The best way to keep a study program current is to consult some of the many scholarly historical periodicals such as the "American Historical Review" or the "Journal of Modern History." Part two, which comprises almost half the guide, contains a bibliographical essay on military history, including great military historians and philosophers, world military history, and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Ottoman Empire Finally Ended the Byzantine Empire
    The Means of Destruction: How the Ottoman Empire Finally Ended the Byzantine Empire Benjamin Donovan Donovan 1 The year 1453 brought with its passing two of the most important historical events of the early modern period: the end of the 100 Years War, and the Conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks. While both events had a drastic effect on Europe, the Ottoman’s conquest arguably had a greater effect in Eastern Europe, since the Ottoman Turks dominated the diplomatic efforts of the states there for the greater part of the next 200 years. However, no European had any reason to believe that the Ottomans would capture Constantinople, since they had tried two times previously and had failed in both of those attempts. Despite those failures, many factors contributed to significant changes within the Ottoman State that put them in a position to effectively assault the city, and thus establish themselves as an empire worthy of recognition by Europeans. The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire by military conquests and diplomatic treaties by Mehmet II’s predecessors Bayezid I and Murat II. In addition, Mehmet II’s desire to prove himself an adequate leader plus western influences on Ottoman military technology and improvements on more traditional Ottoman tactics meant that the Byzantine Empire was brought to its knees. Bayezid I (r. 1389-1402) and his military actions had a profound impact on the later Ottoman conquest of Constantinople since he launched the first Ottoman siege of the city. Bayezid made an earnest attempt to conquer the city, instigating both an eight-year siege and an eight-year blockade of Constantinople in an attempt to bring the rebellious Emperor Manuel II back into submission.1 Although the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid did not have the proper means to capture the city his siege still has relevance because it instilled a general desire in succeeding Ottoman sultans to conquer the city and make good on Bayezid’s adoption of the title Sultan of Rum, or Rome and hence overlord of Byzantium.
    [Show full text]
  • Secession and Survival: Nations, States and Violent Conflict by David S
    Secession and Survival: Nations, States and Violent Conflict by David S. Siroky Department of Political Science Duke University Date: Approved: Dr. Donald L. Horowitz, Supervisor Dr. David L. Banks Dr. Alexander B. Downes Dr. Bruce W. Jentleson Dr. Erik Wibbels Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 abstract (Political Science) Secession and Survival: Nations, States and Violent Conflict by David S. Siroky Department of Political Science Duke University Date: Approved: Dr. Donald L. Horowitz, Supervisor Dr. David L. Banks Dr. Alexander B. Downes Dr. Bruce W. Jentleson Dr. Erik Wibbels An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright c 2009 by David S. Siroky All rights reserved Abstract Secession is a watershed event not only for the new state that is created and the old state that is dissolved, but also for neighboring states, proximate ethno-political groups and major powers. This project examines the problem of violent secession- ist conflict and addresses an important debate at the intersection of comparative and international politics about the conditions under which secession is a peaceful solution to ethnic conflict. It demonstrates that secession is rarely a solution to ethnic conflict, does not assure the protection of remaining minorities and produces new forms of violence. To explain why some secessions produce peace, while others generate violence, the project develops a theoretical model of the conditions that produce internally coherent, stable and peaceful post-secessionist states rather than recursive secession (i.e., secession from a new secessionist state) or interstate dis- putes between the rump and secessionist state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Achievements of the Knights of Malta
    or 1 -----"71 X TUE VAHtors WtRAMMtNTSV -- OF - LITERATURE, SCIENCE.& THE ARTS* VOLJLXHL THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA VOL.1. EDlNBURGBs PKirJTED FOR CO 1830. THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA. BY ALEXANDER SUTHERLAND, ESQ. " AUTHOR OF TALES OF A PILGRIM," &C. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. EDINBURGH : PRINTED FOR CONSTABLE AND CO.; AND HURST, CHANCE AND CO., LONDON. 1830. CR 4*7 SS7 TO HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY NICHOLAS, EMPEROR AND AUTOCRAT OF ALL THE RUSSIAS, UNDER WHOSE IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA FOUND REFUGE, WHEN ALL THE OTHER MONARCHS OF CHRISTENDOM DENIED THEM AN ASYLUM, AND UNDER WHOSE IMPERIAL PROTECTION THE BANNER OF THAT ANCIENT AND ILLUSTRIOUS ORDER IS STILL UNFURLED, THIS WORK S IS HUMBLY INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. Ui-*- CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I. Decline of the Roman Power Mohammed and his Suc- cessors Foundation of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem The Turkomans Peter the Hermit The First Crusade Conquest of Nice and Antioch Con- quest of Jerusalem Ferocity of the Conquerors God- frey of Bouillon elected King . 13 CHAPTER II. The Hospitallers constituted a Military Body Raymond Du Puis, Grandmaster Wars in Antioch and Edessa The Second Crusade Siege of Ascalon Battle of Sueta Death of Raymond Du Puis ... 43 CHAPTER III. Invasion of Egypt Conquest of Belbeis Unsuccessful issue of the War Saladin Apostasy of Melier the Templar The Assassins Battle of Jacob's Ford Em- bassy to Europe Guy de Lusignan Death of Roger de Moulins Battle of Tiberias Death of Reginald de Chatillon Surrender of Jerusalem . 78 VI CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER IV.
    [Show full text]
  • FSM Sempozyum Bildiri Kitabı.Pdf
    Uluslararası Fatih Sultan Mehmed Dönemi OSMANLI DÜNYASI SEMPOZYUMU (İdeoloji - Diplomasi - Savaş - Fetih) Bildiriler Kitabı 12-13 Nisan 2019 Proceedings of the International The Ottoman World During The Reign of Fatih Sultan Mehmed Symposium (Ideology - Diplomacy - Warfare - Conquest) 12-13 April 2019 2021 FATİH SULTAN MEHMET VAKIF ÜNİVERSİTESİ YAYINLARI: 42 ULUSLARARASI FATİH SULTAN MEHMED DÖNEMİ OSMANLI DÜNYASI SEMPOZYUMU (İDEOLOJİ - DİPLOMASİ - SAVAŞ – FETİH) BİLDİRİLER KİTABI Editör: Prof. Dr. Abdülkadir Özcan e-ISBN 978-605-2386-30-9 Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları Zeyrek Mahallesi Büyükkaraman Cad. No: 53 Fatih / İstanbul Tel: 0212 521 81 00 Faks: 0212 521 84 84 Web: www.fsm.edu.tr E-Posta: [email protected] Yayınevi Sertifika No: 47914 İstanbul, Haziran, 2021 Genel Yayın Yönetmeni: Asude Tavus Tasarım: Zeynep Küçüker Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi CIP Uluslararası Fatih Sultan Mehmed Dönemi Osmanlı Dünyası Sempozyumu (İdeoloji - Diplomasi - Savaş - Fetih) Bildiriler Kitabı / editör Abdülkadir Özcan – İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2021. 548 s. ; 24 cm. – (Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları; 42) e-ISBN 978-605-2386-30-9 1. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, 1432-1481 -- Kongreler I. Özcan, Abdülkadir II. Dizi DR501/.U58 2021 956.101521092/ULU 2021 Copyright © Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi, 2021 “Uluslararası Fatih Sultan Mehmed Dönemi Osmanlı Dünyası Sempozyumu (İdeoloji - Dip- lomasi - Savaş - Fetih) Bildiriler Kitabı” kitabında yayımlanan yazıların yasal ve bilimsel sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir. Kitabın yayın hakkı Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi’ne aittir. Kitabın hiçbir bölümü yayıncının izni olmaksızın, elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi, kayıt yöntemiyle veya başka bir yöntemle çoğaltılamaz, bir veri muhafaza sisteminde saklanamaz veya iletilemez. Kaynak göstermek kaydıyla alıntı yapılabilir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe
    046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page iii The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe ANDREW WHEATCROFT A MEMBER OF THE PERSEUS BOOKS GROUP NEW YORK 046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page iv Copyright © 2008 by Andrew Wheatcroft Published in the United State 2009 by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group Published in Great Britain 2008 by The Bodley Head, Random House Extracts for T.S. Eliot’s “Little Giddling” and “The Dry Salvages” reproduced by kind permission of the Estate of T.S. Eliot and Faber and Faber Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016-8810. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, ext. 5000, or e-mail [email protected]. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. LCCN: 2008938931 ISBN-13: 978-0-465-01374-6 British ISBN: 9780224073646 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page v For Denise Gurney Wheatcroft 1914–2007 Mutter, du machtest ihn klein, du warsts, die ihn anfing; dir war er neu, du beugtest über die neuen Augen die freundliche Welt und wehrtest der fremden.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Relations Between the Counts of Blagaj and King Sigismund of Luxemburg*
    Review of Croatian History 11/2015, no. 1, 7 - 46 UDK: 929.52Babonić 929.7(497.5)“13/14’’ Izvorni znanstveni članak Received: May 6, 2015 Accepted: October 18, 2015 IN THE SERVICE OF THE MIGHTY KING: POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COUNTS OF BLAGAJ AND KING SIGISMUND OF LUXEMBURG* Hrvoje KEKEZ** The Counts of Blagaj were descendants of the noble Babonić family, which was one of the most powerful magnate families not only in medieval Slavonia, but in the whole medieval Realm of Saint Stephen (Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia), during the second half of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century. While the second half of the 14th century represents the period of their decline, the same cannot be said of the very end of the 14th and the first four decades of the 15th century, which was when King Sigismund of Luxemburg was on the Hungarian-Croatian throne. The latter period was significantly marked by the dynamic and not always beneficial relations between the Counts of Blagaj and King Sigismund of Luxemburg. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to analyse various questions concerning the political relations between the Counts of Blagaj and King Sigismund of Luxemburg during his long reign as the king of the Realm of Saint Stephen. First of all, it shall be analysed how resolute and firm the Counts of Blagaj were as opponents of King Sigismund in the last decade of the 14th century, that is, during the period of his constant abject struggle to gain and keep the Hungarian-Croatian throne.
    [Show full text]
  • The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650
    THE AGE OF WARS OF RELIGION, 1000–1650 THE AGE OF WARS OF RELIGION, 1000–1650 AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GLOBAL WARFARE AND CIVILIZATION Volume 1, A–K Cathal J. Nolan Greenwood Encyclopedias of Modern World Wars GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nolan, Cathal J. The age of wars of religion, 1000–1650 : an encyclopedia of global warfare and civilization / Cathal J. Nolan. p. cm.—(Greenwood encyclopedias of modern world wars) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–33045–X (set)—ISBN 0–313–33733–0 (vol. 1)— ISBN 0–313–33734–9 (vol. 2) 1. Middle Ages—History—Encyclopedias. 2. History, Modern—17th century— Encyclopedias. 3. Military history, Medieval—Encyclopedias. 4. Military history, Modern—17th century—Encyclopedias. 5. Biography—Middle Ages, 500–1500— Encyclopedias. 6. Biography—17th century—Encyclopedias. I. Title. D114.N66 2006 909.0703—dc22 2005031626 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright # 2006 by Cathal J. Nolan All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2005031626 ISBN: 0–313–33045–X (set) 0–313–33733–0 (vol. I) 0–313–33734–9 (vol. II) First published in 2006 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984).
    [Show full text]
  • And 16Th-Century Ottoman Dobrudja (NE Balkans) and the Related Impact of Migrations
    Nikolay Antov ISSN 0353-295X (Tisak) 1849-0344 (Online) UDK 94(497)“14/15“(091) Radovi - Zavod za hrvatsku povijest 27:28(497)“14/15“(091) Vol. 51, br. 1, Zagreb 2019 Izvorni znanstveni rad Primljeno: 13. 12. 2019. Prihvaćeno: 17. 12. 2019. DOI: 10.17234/RadoviZHP.51.1 Demographic and Ethno-Religious Change in 15th- and 16th-Century Ottoman Dobrudja (NE Balkans) and the Related Impact of Migrations This essay examines the main aspects of demographic and ethno-religious change in Ottoman Dobrudja (NE Balkans) from the Ottoman conquest in the late 14th century till the late 16th century. Paying due attention to Dobrudja’s pre-Ottoman historical legacy, and utilizing an array of narrative and administrative sources, the essay dis- cusses Dobrudja’s turbulent political history during the 15th century, which led to the continuation of negative demographic trends that had developed in the pre-Ottoman centuries, such as outward migrations and demographic losses due to armed conflicts. The political stabilization of Dobrudja in the late 15th century led to a marked change in demographic trends, whereby from the late 15th and throughout the 16th century, Dobrudja became the venue of inward migrations of Turcomans from Anatolia and Thrace and of Christians from other parts of the Balkans. The demographic growth and stabilization of Dobrudja in the 16th century is the subject of the second half of the essay, based on Ottoman tax registers and the attendant law-codes. Introduction This essay takes up the task to discuss the demographic and ethno-religious development of the Balkan Peninsula’s extreme northeast—the predominantly steppe land region of Dobrudja—during the first two centuries of Ottoman rule (i.e.
    [Show full text]