DOCSLIB.ORG

The Achievements of the Knights of Malta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Achievements of the Knights of Malta or 1 -----"71 X TUE VAHtors WtRAMMtNTSV -- OF - LITERATURE, SCIENCE.& THE ARTS* VOLJLXHL THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA VOL.1. EDlNBURGBs PKirJTED FOR CO 1830. THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA. BY ALEXANDER SUTHERLAND, ESQ. " AUTHOR OF TALES OF A PILGRIM," &C. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. EDINBURGH : PRINTED FOR CONSTABLE AND CO.; AND HURST, CHANCE AND CO., LONDON. 1830. CR 4*7 SS7 TO HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY NICHOLAS, EMPEROR AND AUTOCRAT OF ALL THE RUSSIAS, UNDER WHOSE IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA FOUND REFUGE, WHEN ALL THE OTHER MONARCHS OF CHRISTENDOM DENIED THEM AN ASYLUM, AND UNDER WHOSE IMPERIAL PROTECTION THE BANNER OF THAT ANCIENT AND ILLUSTRIOUS ORDER IS STILL UNFURLED, THIS WORK S IS HUMBLY INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. Ui-*- CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I. Decline of the Roman Power Mohammed and his Suc- cessors Foundation of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem The Turkomans Peter the Hermit The First Crusade Conquest of Nice and Antioch Con- quest of Jerusalem Ferocity of the Conquerors God- frey of Bouillon elected King . 13 CHAPTER II. The Hospitallers constituted a Military Body Raymond Du Puis, Grandmaster Wars in Antioch and Edessa The Second Crusade Siege of Ascalon Battle of Sueta Death of Raymond Du Puis ... 43 CHAPTER III. Invasion of Egypt Conquest of Belbeis Unsuccessful issue of the War Saladin Apostasy of Melier the Templar The Assassins Battle of Jacob's Ford Em- bassy to Europe Guy de Lusignan Death of Roger de Moulins Battle of Tiberias Death of Reginald de Chatillon Surrender of Jerusalem . 78 VI CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER IV. Siege of Tyre Death of the Count of Tripoli The Third Crusade Siege of Acre Expedition of the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa Institution of the Teutonic Knights Arrival of Philip Augustus and Richard Cceur-de-Lion before Acre Rivalry of the Kings- Crusaders Conquest of Acre March of Richard from Acre to Ascalon Termination of the Third Crusade Death of Saladin 117 CHAPTER V. The Fourth Crusade Rigorous Administration of the Grandmaster Alphonso of Portugal Hostilities be- tween the Hospitallers and Templars The Fifth Cru- sadeConquest of Zara Expedition against Constan- tinople Siege and Surrender of that City Revolt and Usurpation of Mourzoufle Reconquest of the Capital- r Election of a Latin King . > l *jib 137 CHAPTER VI. John de Brienne nominated King of Jerusalem The Sixth Crusade Unstable Conduct of Andrew, King of Hun- gary Expedition to Egypt Conquest of Damietta Capitulation of the Christian Army Expedition of the Emperor Frederic the Second John de Brienne called to the Throne of Constantinople . 157 CHAPTER VII. Viceroyalty of Fitz-Auger Puissance of the Hospitallers Crimes laid to their charge Canonized Knights The Seventh Crusade Restoration of Jerusalem CONTENTS. Vll PAGE Death of Bertrand de Comps Invasion of the Koras- mians Loss ofJerusalem Battle of Gaza The Eighth Crusade Exploits of Saint Louis in Egypt Battle of Massoura Defeat of the Crusaders Captivity of Saint Louis Termination of his Crusade . 181 CHAPTER VIII. Sanguinary Feuds between the Hospitallers and Templars Vigorous Administration of Hugh de Revel Loss of the Castles ofAssur and Saphoury Conquests ofBendoc- dar The Ninth and Last Crusade Exploits of Prince Edward of England Fatal Expedition of Saint Louis to Africa Council of Lyons Loss of Margat Siege of Acre Expulsion of the Latins from the Holy Land 212 CHAPTER IX. Retreat of the Knights- Hospitallers to Cyprus Discom- fort of their situation there Their unsuccessful expedi- tion to Jerusalem Conspiracy of the King of France and the Pope against the Templars Conquest of Rhodes by the Knights of Saint John Persecution of the Templars Martyrdom of Jacques de Molai Sup- pression of the Order of the Temple . 234 CHAPTER X. Division of the Revenues of the Templars Insurrection of the Knights against the Grandmaster Fulk de Vil- laret Election of Maurice De Pagnac 'jrandmaster- ship of Helion de Villeneuve Legend of the Serpent Conquest of the Castle of Smyrna Deodato De Gozon elected Grandmaster Expedition to Armenia Dis- honourable policy of the Pope Attack on Alexandria Robert de Julliac Grandmaster Election of Heredia His Expedition against Patras, and Capture . 266 Vlll CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER XL Contumacy of the Cis-marine Commanders Death and Character of Heredia Succession of Philibert de JJaillac Expedition to Hungary Battle of Nicopolis Wars of Tamerlane Expulsion of the Knights from Smyrna Acquisition of the Castle of Saint Peter Predatory Expedition to the coasts of Syria and Pales- tineDeath of Philibert de Naillac War in Cyprus Repulse of the Egyptians from Rhodes Fall of Ne- gropont D'Aubusson elected Grandmaster . 301 PREFACE. THOUGH the days of chivalry are gone, the author of the following work trusts that the admiration of martial renown is still suffi- ciently general to secure some degree of fa- vour for a history of the achievements of one of the most illustrious institutions that originated in knightly daring and pious zeal. Scarcely thirty years have elapsed, since fo- reign violence and political craft, combined with their own degeneracy, deprived the Knights of Malta of their independence, and ejected them from the insular fastness which remains to this day, and will remain, to the latest posterity, a monument of their military skill; yet, in that short space oftime, so completely has their name been blotted from the records of the day, that their very place of retreat has become, generally speak- ing, a matter of uncertainty. When it is considered, that, for seven centuries, these military friars were regarded as one of the X PREFACE. chief bulwarks of Christendom against the progress of the Mohammedan arms, and that their annals embrace a series of chi- valrous exploits, unparalleled in the history of any other sovereignty, there is surely room for hope, that an attempt to revive the memory of their institution will not prove altogether unacceptable. As the Order of the Knights- Hospital- lers of Saint John of Jerusalem for such was the original title of the Institution, though better known, in modern times, as the Order of Rhodes and Malta was cradled and fos- tered by the crusades, it was indispensable that the following narrative should embrace a regular detail of these memorable expe- ditions. But as several able and compre- hensive works on the Crusades have lately been offered to the public, particularly those of Mills and Stebbing, the author conceived it incumbent on him to treat that part of his subject very briefly, and to devote the greater portion of his book to the subse- quent vicissitudes of the Order. In offering to the Public an historical sketch of the achievements of the soldier* monks of Saint John, it is almost needless to say, that the voluminous annals of the Order, PREFACE. Xl compiled by the Abbe Vertot, and the mate- rials furnished, in later times, by the Che- valier Boisgelin, are the standard authori- ties upon which it is framed. The former having fallen into occasional inaccuracies in point of dates, and being at the same time more fervent in his style than historical com- is re- position strictly warrants, generally as than correct and garded more amusing ; such is the character which Gibbon, who has, notwithstanding, drawn largely on him, gives his history. It is, moreover, on record against him, that, after he had sent his book to press, he was offered some additional information the of Malta de- regarding great siege ; but with a clined it, churlish remark, that fifs siege was finished. But Boisgelin, who had access to the archives of the Order, while he corrects Vertot on many points, bears testimony to the general veracity of his work, and attributes his refusal of the proffered information to the knowledge, that it com- prised nothing more than unauthenticated anecdotes of particular knights whom their fa- milies were anxious to immortalize. Vertot brings down the history of the Order only to the of last while Bois- beginning century ; gelin, passing over the Crusades, and the Xll PRFFACE. residence of the Knights in Rhodes, con- fines himself solely to their sojourn in Mal- ta. Thus, neither of these, the only popu- lar histories of the Order extant, are com- and the is the first plete ; present attempt to arrange in a regular narration the ex- ploits of the Knights, from their institution, jn 1099, to their political extinction in 1800.. In addition to the two authors above named, many other works of high authority, and, among them, those of Knolles, Fuller, Hakluyt, Gibbon, Savary, Pococke, Frois- sart, Brydone, Mills, Hallam, and Sonnini, have been carefully consulted. The author has only to add, that he did not take up the pen till after much laborious and that he was stimulated to his study ; task by a sincere admiration of the many noble and heroic actions which it was his duty to record an admiration which has perhaps occasionally given his language too ambitious a tone. All that he desires is, that his attempt to unite the broken links of a very brilliant and extraordinary chain of historical facts may be tolerated, until some abler hand shall effect their perfect and in- destructible union. EDINBURGH, December 1830. THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA. CHAPTER I. Decline of the Roman Power Mohammed and his Succes- sors Foundation of the Hospital of Saint John of Jeru- salem The Turkomans Peter the Hermit The First Crusade Conquest of Nice and Antioch Conquest of Jerusalem Ferocity of the Conquerors Godfrey of Bou- illon elected King. THE viscissitudes which prognosticated the fall of the Byzantine Caesars, rank among the most impres- sive and affecting lessons which the annals of man- kind embrace.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff
    The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff This study appears as part III of Toumanoff's Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown, 1963), pp. 277-354. An earlier version appeared in the journal Le Muséon 72(1959), pp. 1-36 and 73(1960), pp. 73-106. The Orontids of Armenia Bibliography, pp. 501-523 Maps appear as an attachment to the present document. This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. I 1. The genesis of the Armenian nation has been examined in an earlier Study.1 Its nucleus, succeeding to the role of the Yannic nucleus ot Urartu, was the 'proto-Armenian,T Hayasa-Phrygian, people-state,2 which at first oc- cupied only a small section of the former Urartian, or subsequent Armenian, territory. And it was, precisely, of the expansion of this people-state over that territory, and of its blending with the remaining Urartians and other proto- Caucasians that the Armenian nation was born. That expansion proceeded from the earliest proto-Armenian settlement in the basin of the Arsanias (East- ern Euphrates) up the Euphrates, to the valley of the upper Tigris, and espe- cially to that of the Araxes, which is the central Armenian plain.3 This expand- ing proto-Armenian nucleus formed a separate satrapy in the Iranian empire, while the rest of the inhabitants of the Armenian Plateau, both the remaining Urartians and other proto-Caucasians, were included in several other satrapies.* Between Herodotus's day and the year 401, when the Ten Thousand passed through it, the land of the proto-Armenians had become so enlarged as to form, in addition to the Satrapy of Armenia, also the trans-Euphratensian vice-Sa- trapy of West Armenia.5 This division subsisted in the Hellenistic phase, as that between Greater Armenia and Lesser Armenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Was There a Custom of Distributing the Booty in the Crusades of the Thirteenth Century?
    Benjámin Borbás WAS THERE A CUSTOM OF DISTRIBUTING THE BOOTY IN THE CRUSADES OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY? MA Thesis in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies Central European University Budapest May 2019 CEU eTD Collection WAS THERE A CUSTOM OF DISTRIBUTING THE BOOTY IN THE CRUSADES OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY? by Benjámin Borbás (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2019 WAS THERE A CUSTOM OF DISTRIBUTING THE BOOTY IN THE CRUSADES OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY? by Benjámin Borbás (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader Budapest May 2019 CEU eTD Collection WAS THERE A CUSTOM OF DISTRIBUTING THE BOOTY IN THE CRUSADES OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY? by Benjámin Borbás (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies,
    [Show full text]
  • The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond
    m Mittelpunkt dieses Bandes steht das Werk des türkischen Autors und Übersetzers aus dem Deutschen Sabahattin Ali, der mit seinem Roman KürkI Mantolu Madonna (Die Madonna im Pelzmantel) zu posthumem Ruhm gelangte. Der Roman, der zum Großteil in Deutschland spielt, und andere seiner Werke werden unter Aspekten der Weltliteratur, (kultureller) Übersetzung und Intertextualität diskutiert. Damit reicht der Fokus weit über die bislang im Vordergrund stehende interkulturelle Liebesgeschichte 2016 Türkisch-Deutsche Studien in der Madonna hinaus. Weitere Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit Zafer Şenocaks Essaysammlung Jahrbuch 2016 Deutschsein und dem transkulturellen Lernen mit Bilderbüchern. Ein Interview mit Selim Özdoğan rundet diese Ausgabe ab. The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond herausgegeben von Şeyda Ozil, Michael Hofmann, Jens-Peter Laut, Yasemin Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Cornelia Zierau und Kristin Dickinson Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch ISBN: 978-3-86395-297-6 Universitätsverlag Göttingen ISSN: 2198-5286 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Şeyda Ozil, Michael Hofmann, Jens-Peter Laut, Yasemin Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Cornelia Zierau, Kristin Dickinson (Hg.) The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch 2016 erschienen im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 The Transcultural Critic: Sabahattin Ali and Beyond Herausgegeben von Şeyda Ozil, Michael Hofmann, Jens-Peter Laut, Yasemin Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Cornelia Zierau und Kristin Dickinson in Zusammenarbeit mit Didem Uca Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch 2016 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.dnb.de> abrufbar. Türkisch-deutsche Studien. Jahrbuch herausgegeben von Prof. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Throughout Anglo-Saxon and Norman Times, Many People – Not Just Rich Kings and Bishops
    THE CRUSADES: A FIGHT IN THE NAME OF GOD. Timeline: The First Crusade, 1095-1101; The Second Crusade, 1145-47; The Third Crusade, 1188-92; The Fourth Crusade, 1204; The Fifth Crusade, 1217; The Sixth Crusade, 1228-29, 1239; The Seventh Crusade, 1249-52; The Eighth Crusade, 1270. Throughout Anglo-Saxon and Norman times, many people – not just rich kings and bishops - went to the Holy Land on a Pilgrimage, despite the long and dangerous journey – which often took seven or eight years! When the Turks conquered the Middle East this was seen as a major threat to Christians. [a] Motives for the Crusades. 1095, Pope Urban II. An accursed race has violently invaded the lands of the Christians. They have destroyed the churches of God or taken them for their own religion. Jerusalem is now held captive by the enemies of Christ, subject to those who do not know God – the worship of the heathen….. He who makes this holy pilgrimage shall wear the sign of the cross of the Lord on his forehead or on his breast….. If you are killed your sins will be pardoned….let those who have been fighting against their own brothers now fight lawfully against the barbarians…. A French crusader writes to his wife, 1098. My dear wife, I now have twice as much silver, gold and other riches as I had when I set off on this crusade…….. A French crusader writes to his wife, 1190. Alas, my darling! It breaks my heart to leave you, but I must go to the Holy land.
    [Show full text]
  • A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 2014 A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E. Tobias Osterhaug Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Osterhaug, Tobias, "A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E." (2014). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 25. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/25 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Tobias Osterhaug History 499/Honors 402 A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E. Introduction: The first Crusade, a massive and unprecedented undertaking in the western world, differed from the majority of subsequent crusades into the Holy Land in an important way: it contained no royalty and was undertaken with very little direct support from the ruling families of Western Europe. This aspect of the crusade led to the development of sophisticated hierarchies and vassalages among the knights who led the crusade. These relationships culminated in the formation of the Crusader States, Latin outposts in the Levant surrounded by Muslim states, and populated primarily by non-Catholic or non-Christian peoples. Despite the difficulties engendered by this situation, the Crusader States managed to maintain control over the Holy Land for much of the twelfth century, and, to a lesser degree, for several decades after the Fall of Jerusalem in 1187 to Saladin.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
    Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V. STUDIA BYZANTINO-OCCIDENTALIA Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XXXII
    ANTIQUITAS • BYZANTIUM • RENASCENTIA XXXII. BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V. Studia ANT I U Byzantino-Occidentalia YZ M B R E S N A A T S I C U E N Q I T T I A Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia N A MMXIII BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V: EÖTVÖS-JÓZSEF-COLLEGIUM ELTE BYZANZ UND DAS ABENDLAND V. STUDIA BYZANTINO-OCCIDENTALIA Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XXXII. Herausgegeben von Zoltán Farkas László Horváth Tamás Mészáros Eötvös-József-Collegium 2018 Byzanz und das Abendland V. Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia Herausgegeben von Erika Juhász Eötvös-József-Collegium Budapest 2018 Der vorliegende Band konnte im Rahmen des Nationales Forschungs-, Entwicklungs- und Innovationsbüro – NKFIH-Forschungsprojekts ,,Társadalmi kontextus a szövegkritika tükrében: Bizáncon innen és túl“ (NN 124539) und des vom Ministerium für Nationale Ressourcen unterstützten Projekts für ungarische Fachkollegien NTP-SZKOLL-17-0025 realisiert werden. Verantwortlicher Herausgeber: László Horváth, Direktor des Eötvös-József-Collegiums Anschrift: ELTE Eötvös-József-Collegium H-1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 11-13 © Eötvös-József-Collegium und die einzelnen VerfasserInnen, 2018 Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-615-5371-91-2 ISSN 2064-2369 Druck: Pátria Nyomda Zrt. 1117 Budapest, Hunyadi János út 7 Generaldirektorin: Katalin Orgován Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ....................................................................................................................... 11 Peter Schreiner Der Koloman-Palast in Konstantinopel und die Árpáden ..........................13 Hermann Harrauer
    [Show full text]
  • History of Fall of Roman Empire Volume 6
    THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY COLLECTIONS THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE VOL. 6 by Edward Gibbon To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Albany, OR USA Version 1.0 © 1997 2 THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE EDWARD GIBBON, ESQ. WITH NOTES BY THE REV. H. H. MILMAN VOL. 6 3 CHAPTER 59 THE CRUSADES PART 1 Preservation Of The Greek Empire. — Numbers, Passage, And Event, Of The Second And Third Crusades. — St. Bernard. — Reign Of Saladin In Egypt And Syria. — His Conquest Of Jerusalem. — Naval Crusades. — Richard The First Of England. — Pope Innocent The Third; And The Fourth And Fifth Crusades. — The Emperor Frederic The Second. — Louis The Ninth Of France; And The Two Last Crusades. — Expulsion Of The Latins Or Franks By The Mamelukes. In a style less grave than that of history, I should perhaps compare the emperor Alexiusf1 to the jackal, who is said to follow the steps, and to devour the leavings, of the lion. Whatever had been his fears and toils in the passage of the first crusade, they were amply recompensed by the subsequent benefits which he derived from the exploits of the Franks. His dexterity and vigilance secured their first conquest of Nice; and from this threatening station the Turks were compelled to evacuate the neighborhood of Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitution of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
    CONSTITUTION OF THE EQUESTRIAN ORDER OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE OF JERUSALEM Translated from the Italian Original 1978 Note: Pages I, II, III, IV, VI, and VIII are blank. PREAMBLE “You are to be my witness in Jerusalem, and throughout Judea, in Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.” (Acts 1.8) *** The Knighthood is defined as self-discipline, generosity and courage. Whosoever does not have the firm willingness to develop and deepen these traits in his life will never be able to become a True Knight. The zeal for self-renunciation, in the midst of abundance, generous aid to the weak and those without protection, courageous struggle for justice and peace are the characteristic virtues of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. The tie with Jerusalem which is manifested in the Order and exacts responsibility for the Holy Places orients our desires toward the heavenly Jerusalem. (Gal. 4.26) The Holy Sepulchre is the symbol of the Passion shared with Jesus and also of our hope in the Resurrection. (Phil. 3.10) The Cross which we wear is not just jewelry but a testimony of our submission to the Cross of Christ. The form of the Cross which is the symbol of the Order brings to our minds the five wounds of our Lord as well as the suffering in the Holy Land with the loss of its own blood. “The Pilgrim Shell” reminds us of the reality that we are all pilgrims on this earth, and recalls also our pledge to aid the needy. Exemplary moral conduct and true Christian feeling are the prime requisites for admission to the Order.
    [Show full text]
  • Eureka Vol 3 2.Pdf
    EXPOSITION OF THE APOCALYPSE. 129 before the throne. The reader, therefore, may easily perceive the fitness of the historian's style, in continuing: "The throne of the Almighty was darkened by a cloud of martyrs, saints, and angels, the objects of popul- ar veneration; while the Virgin Mary was invested with the name and honors of a goddess." They are,indeed, a cloud darkening the Al- mighty's throne, so that no worshipper of daemonial ghosts, daemonial relics, and daemonial images, can see that throne, or find transmission for a single sigh. Such were the many new deities raised to the rank of celestial and invincible protectors of the Roman empire. The intelligent reader will know that they exist only in the intoxicated imaginations of their de- luded worshippers, as do the phantoms seen by an inebriate in delirium tremens. Immortality is neither innate nor disembodied. "The Deity only hath it," Paul says; and he only bestows it upon obedient believers of the truth as it is in the Jesus he preached; and that bestowal is upon men and women bodily existing; and by clothing their bodies with incor- ruptibility and deathlessness after resurrection from among the dead. This is what the scripture teaches in opposition to the mythologies of the ancient and modern worlds. If "the simplicity which is in Christ" had not been departed from, there would have been no catholic and protestant daemonialism. The dogma of inherent immortality in sin's flesh would have remained with the old pagans; but the faith was departed from by those who ought to have been its earnest defenders.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuel II Palaiologos' Point of View
    The Hidden Secrets: Late Byzantium in the Western and Polish Context Małgorzata Dąbrowska The Hidden Secrets: Late Byzantium in the Western and Polish Context Małgorzata Dąbrowska − University of Łódź, Faculty of Philosophy and History Department of Medieval History, 90-219 Łódź, 27a Kamińskiego St. REVIEWERS Maciej Salamon, Jerzy Strzelczyk INITIATING EDITOR Iwona Gos PUBLISHING EDITOR-PROOFREADER Tomasz Fisiak NATIVE SPEAKERS Kevin Magee, François Nachin TECHNICAL EDITOR Leonora Wojciechowska TYPESETTING AND COVER DESIGN Katarzyna Turkowska Cover Image: Last_Judgment_by_F.Kavertzas_(1640-41) commons.wikimedia.org Printed directly from camera-ready materials provided to the Łódź University Press This publication is not for sale © Copyright by Małgorzata Dąbrowska, Łódź 2017 © Copyright for this edition by Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź 2017 Published by Łódź University Press First edition. W.07385.16.0.M ISBN 978-83-8088-091-7 e-ISBN 978-83-8088-092-4 Printing sheets 20.0 Łódź University Press 90-131 Łódź, 8 Lindleya St. www.wydawnictwo.uni.lodz.pl e-mail: [email protected] tel. (42) 665 58 63 CONTENTS Preface 7 Acknowledgements 9 CHAPTER ONE The Palaiologoi Themselves and Their Western Connections L’attitude probyzantine de Saint Louis et les opinions des sources françaises concernant cette question 15 Is There any Room on the Bosporus for a Latin Lady? 37 Byzantine Empresses’ Mediations in the Feud between the Palaiologoi (13th–15th Centuries) 53 Family Ethos at the Imperial Court of the Palaiologos in the Light of the Testimony by Theodore of Montferrat 69 Ought One to Marry? Manuel II Palaiologos’ Point of View 81 Sophia of Montferrat or the History of One Face 99 “Vasilissa, ergo gaude...” Cleopa Malatesta’s Byzantine CV 123 Hellenism at the Court of the Despots of Mistra in the First Half of the 15th Century 135 4 • 5 The Power of Virtue.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Walter Scott's Templar Construct
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. SIR WALTER SCOTT’S TEMPLAR CONSTRUCT – A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY INFLUENCES ON HISTORICAL PERCEPTIONS. A THESIS PRESENTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY, EXTRAMURAL, NEW ZEALAND. JANE HELEN WOODGER 2017 1 ABSTRACT Sir Walter Scott was a writer of historical fiction, but how accurate are his portrayals? The novels Ivanhoe and Talisman both feature Templars as the antagonists. Scott’s works display he had a fundamental knowledge of the Order and their fall. However, the novels are fiction, and the accuracy of some of the author’s depictions are questionable. As a result, the novels are more representative of events and thinking of the early nineteenth century than any other period. The main theme in both novels is the importance of unity and illustrating the destructive nature of any division. The protagonists unify under the banner of King Richard and the Templars pursue a course of independence. Scott’s works also helped to formulate notions of Scottish identity, Freemasonry (and their alleged forbearers the Templars) and Victorian behaviours. However, Scott’s image is only one of a long history of Templars featuring in literature over the centuries. Like Scott, the previous renditions of the Templars are more illustrations of the contemporary than historical accounts. One matter for unease in the early 1800s was religion and Catholic Emancipation.
    [Show full text]