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Musical and Cultural Osmoses in the Balkans
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MUSIC BUCHAREST & INTERNATIONAL MUSICOLOGICAL SOCIETY REGIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF MUSIC OF THE BALKANS 8 th International Musicological Conference MUSICAL AND CULTURAL OSMOSES IN THE BALKANS Bucharest, 2–6 September, 2019 CONFERENCE PROGRAM KEYNOTE LECTURES ABSTRACTS ROUND TABLE ABSTRACTS BIOGRAPHIES National University of Music Bucharest Mediateca Building Address: 33 Știrbei Vodă Street, Sector 1, 010102, Bucharest CONTENTS Musical and cultural osmoses in the Balkans Musical and Cultural Osmoses in the Balkans, Bucharest, 2–6 September 2019 www.ims2019bucharest.ro Contents Conference program 3 x Keynote lectures 18x Abstracts 21 x Round table abstracts 64 x Biographies 77x | 2 Page 2 2-6 September 2019 www.ims2019bucharest.ro Musical and Cultural Osmoses in the Balkans, Bucharest, 2–6 September 2019 www.ims2019bucharest.ro Conference schedule Venue: National University of Music Bucharest, Mediateca Building Address: 33 Știrbei Vodă Street, Sector 1, 010102, Bucharest Monday, September 2 Sessions/Round table 08:30 Registration (entrance of the Mediateca Building) 09:30–10:00 Welcome greetings 10:00–12:00 Session 1: ART MUSIC IN THE BALKANS Auditorium Historical and Analytical Approaches in Music Composition (I) hall - Session chair: Evi Nika Sampson 1. , Hide-and-Seek between the Serial and the Modal in Anatol Speakers:Vieru’s Concerti Olguța Lupu 2. Piano Music by the Romanian-French Composer Marcel Mihalovici (1898-1985) in the Context of Western European Art Music and EasternLukas Näf, European Folk Music 3. - - Songs for Voice and Piano of Greek Composers of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century Anna Maria Rentzeperi Tsonou, 4. Aurel Stroe and the Cultural-Music Resonances of the Balkan Space Petruța Maria Coroiu (Măniuț), 10:00–12:00 Session 2: EAST MEETS WEST (I) Sala de vizionări Session chair: Katy Romanou 1. -
EAST-CENTRAL EUROPEAN & BALKAN SYMPHONIES from The
EAST-CENTRAL EUROPEAN & BALKAN SYMPHONIES From the 19th Century To the Present A Discography Of CDs And LPs Prepared by Michael Herman Composers K-P MILOSLAV KABELÁČ (1908-1979, CZECH) Born in Prague. He studied composition at the Prague Conservatory under Karel Boleslav Jirák and conducting under Pavel Dedeček and at its Master School he studied the piano under Vilem Kurz. He then worked for Radio Prague as a conductor and one of its first music directors before becoming a professor of the Prague Conservatoy where he served for many years. He produced an extensive catalogue of orchestral, chamber, instrumental, vocal and choral works. Symphony No. 1 in D for Strings and Percussion, Op. 11 (1941–2) Marko Ivanovič/Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra ( + Symphonies Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) SUPRAPHON SU42022 (4 CDs) (2016) Symphony No. 2 in C for Large Orchestra, Op. 15 (1942–6) Marko Ivanovič/Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra ( + Symphonies Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) SUPRAPHON SU42022 (4 CDs) (2016) Symphony No. 3 in F major for Organ, Brass and Timpani, Op. 33 (1948-57) Marko Ivanovič//Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra ( + Symphonies Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) SUPRAPHON SU42022 (4 CDs) (2016) Libor Pešek/Alena Veselá(organ)/Brass Harmonia ( + Kopelent: Il Canto Deli Augei and Fišer: 2 Piano Concerto) SUPRAPHON 1110 4144 (LP) (1988) Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 36 "Chamber" (1954-8) Marko Ivanovic/Czech Chamber Philharmonic Orchestra, Pardubice ( + Martin·: Oboe Concerto and Beethoven: Symphony No. 1) ARCO DIVA UP 0123 - 2 131 (2009) Marko Ivanovič//Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra ( + Symphonies Nos. -
Chapter 12: Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction
Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Petersen, Roger D. (2012). "Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction." In Kanchan Chandra (Ed.), Constructivist Theories of Ethnic Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. As Published http://global.oup.com/academic/product/constructivist-theories-of- ethnic-politics-9780199893157?cc=us&lang=en& Publisher Oxford University Press Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87092 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 1 Chapter 12: Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction Roger Petersen I wish to address both a substantive and a methodological issue in this chapter. Substantively, I will discuss the process of state disintegration and reconstruction. Here, I will draw on the experience of Eastern Europe following the collapse of Communism. Today, more than twenty new states occupy the territories formerly held by the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. Furthermore, the process of breakdown and rebuilding is incomplete, especially in terms of identity issues. For example, while most people have some understanding of how the first Yugoslavia collapsed, few appreciate how the second “rump” Yugoslavia and the surrounding territories remain in flux. Albanians and Slavs are working toward new political and social equilibria in Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and the three mixed municipalities in Serbia proper (Presevo, Bujanovac, and Medvedje). -
Dintre Ramuri De Arin
eternitãti,,, DINTRE RAMURI DE ARIN În ianuarie, când pãdurile trosnesc de ger, când sub zãrile dilatate de fum drumurile, de un albastru subtil, se încâlcesc de spasme, s-a nãscut cel mai mare poet al românilor. Ivit pe lume în þinutul care avea sã ni-i dãruiascã prin ani pe George Enescu, ªtefan Luchian, Nicolae Iorga, el s-a nãscut din dorul arborilor, din chemãri de izvoare, din clãtinãri de lanuri de grâu, din deschiderea lunii în flori de nufãr, din boarea de aur magic ce pluteºte peste Moldova ºi norodul ei de mãnãstiri în care-ºi dorm somnul binemeritat marii voievozi ai întemeierii noastre. Mihai Eminescu este numele unei þãri ºi al unui neam. El a dat limbii române fiinþã ºi destin de nemurire, înnobilând-o cu luminã de geniu, cu trestii þâºnind din fecunditatea Dunãrii ºi a visului fericit, cu dezmierdãri de aprilie, cu mare sub fereastrã ºi grãdini în care gândesc piersicii. Noi toþi (inclusiv cei ce-l denigreazã) suntem patimã clãditã pe cuvintele lui, ºi fiecare cuvânt al lui e o vatrã de jãratec lângã care se-ngânã poveºti ºi doine, ghicitori, eresuri. Mihai Eminescu este fulgerul rotund al României trecând prin glasul vechilor biserici ºi cazanii, e partea cea mai înaltã a istoriei. Cu el începe ºi urcã munþii lumii credinþa noastrã în pãmântul ce-l cãlcãm ºi-l iubim. El a sãdit eternitatea cu tei ºi cu plopi, cu turme încãrcate de amurg, ºi de liniºte lungã, el ne-a împodobit dragostea cu ºoapte ce fac stelele sã coboare vrãjite pânã în dreptul tâmplelor ºi ne-a schimbat fiecare gând în pasãre care bea lunã ºi pluteºte la nesfârºit numai în pânzele de apã vie ale cerului botezat în Uspenia Botoºanilor. -
CAMERA AUDITORILOR FINANCIARI DIN ROMANIA Str
CAMERA AUDITORILOR FINANCIARI DIN ROMANIA Str. Sirenelor, nr. 67-69, sector 5, Bucuresti Tel.: 031.433.59.45 sau 031.433.59.00 Fax: 031.433.59.40 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cafr.ro Registrul membrilor CAFR – Firme de audit ALBA Denumire Nr. autorizatie / Nr. certificat Adresa sediu ATTA CONSULTING S.R.L. 475 STR. IONEL POP, NR. 24 , ALBA IULIA , JUDET ALBA Puncte de lucru ALBA IULIA , JUDET ALBA PTA. CONSILIUL EUROPEI, BL. 32, AP 2-3 AUDITLUC EXPERT S.R.L. 1278 STR. MIHAIL KOGALNICEANU, NR. 61 , SEBES , JUDET ALBA CARMEN SOFT S.R.L. 537 STR. SERGENT HATEGAN, BL. B5, ETAJ 1 AP. 8 , AIUD , JUDET ALBA STR. LIVEZII, NR. 65-67, BL. 4AB, ET. 1, AP. 39 , ALBA IULIA , JUDET CONTAUDIT ORIZONT S.R.L.-D 1424 ALBA DUAL AUDIT SRL 1250 STR. ARDEALULUI, NR. 60 , TEIUS , JUDET ALBA MINICONEX S.R.L. 548 STR. T. VLADIMIRESCU, NR. 28 , ALBA IULIA , JUDET ALBA STEFYCONT S.R.L 735 STR. BRANDUSEI, NR. 29 , ALBA IULIA , JUDET ALBA Puncte de lucru ALBA IULIA , JUDET ALBA STR. PIATA IULIU MANIU, NR. 14A, BL. A1A, AP. 21 STR. NICOLAE BALCESCU, BL. D4A, AP. 14 , ALBA IULIA , JUDET TREVIT S.R.L. 172 ALBA Puncte de lucru ALBA IULIA , JUDET ALBA STR. NICOLAE BALCESCU BL. D4A, COD POSTAL 10097 ARAD Denumire Nr. autorizatie / Nr. certificat Adresa sediu ABRUDAN CRISTINA CONSULTING S.R.L. 1407 STR. MIHAIL EMINESCU, NR. 10 , INEU , JUDET ARAD BBC AUDIT COMPANY S.R.L. 139 STR. GHEORGHE LAZAR, NR.23, AP.3/A , ARAD , JUDET ARAD Pagina 1 din 47 STR. -
Bitstream 42365.Pdf
THE TUNES OF DIPLOMATIC NOTES Music and Diplomacy in Southeast Europe (18th–20th century) *This edited collection is a result of the scientific projectIdentities of Serbian Music Within the Local and Global Framework: Traditions, Changes, Challenges (No. 177004, 2011–2019), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and implemented by the Institute of Musicology SASA (Belgrade, Serbia). It is also a result of work on the bilateral project carried out by the Center for International Relations (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana) and the Institute of Musicology SASA (Belgrade, Serbia) entitled Music as a Means of Cultural Diplomacy of Small Transition Countries: The Cases of Slovenia and Serbia(with financial support of ARRS). The process of its publishing was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. THE TUNES OF DIPLOMATIC NOTES MUSIC AND DIPLOMACY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE (18th–20th CENTURY) Edited by Ivana Vesić, Vesna Peno, Boštjan Udovič Belgrade and Ljubljana, 2020 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 7 1. Introduction ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Ivana Vesić, Vesna Peno, Boštjan Udovič Part I. Diplomacy Behind the Scenes: Musicians’ Contact With the Diplomatic Sphere 2. The European Character of Dubrovnik and the Dalmatian Littoral at the End of the Enlightenment Period: Music and Diplomatic Ties of Luka and Miho Sorkočević, Julije Bajamonti and Ruđer Bošković ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 Ivana Tomić Ferić 3. The Birth of the Serbian National Music Project Under the Influence of Diplomacy ���������37 Vesna Peno, Goran Vasin 4. Petar Bingulac, Musicologist and Music Critic in the Diplomatic Service ������������������53 Ratomir Milikić Part II. -
FIRMA DENUMIRE MAGAZIN ORAS JUDET ADRESA DOMENIU DE ACTIVITATE CATEGORIE Bonus % NR.RATE AM COM SRL AM
Bonus FIRMA DENUMIRE MAGAZIN ORAS JUDET ADRESA DOMENIU DE ACTIVITATE CATEGORIE NR.RATE % A M COM SRL A M COM - EUROMOBILA TARGU-MURES MURES STR.BLD.1 DECEMBRIE 1918,NR.227 HAINE DIVERSE 0 NA A M COM SRL A M COM - PUIUL MAMEI TARGU-MURES MURES P-TA.TRANDAFIRILOR,NR.17 HAINE DIVERSE 0 NA ECHIPAMENTE ELECTRONICE SI A.V. AUDIO SYS SRL A.V. AUDIO SYS BUCURESTI 5 CALEA.RAHOVEI,NR.266-268,CORP 61,SC.1,CAM 55 1.00 2 - 6 TELECOMUNICATII ELECTROCASNICE AB DENTAL INTL SRL AB DENTAL INTL SRL BUCURESTI 3 BDUL.I.C.BRATIANU,NR.34,ET.4,AP.12 ECHIPAMENTE MEDICALE SANATATE 1.00 2 - 12 ABY 97 SRL ABY 97 MALL GALATI GALATI STR.GEORGE COSBUC,NR.251,BL.SHOPPING CITY MALL IMBRACAMINTE FASHION 1.00 2 & 4 & 6 FASHION HOUSE SHOPPING CENTER UNIT NUMBER AC FASHION RETAIL SRL AC & CO.FASHION HOUSE BUCURESTI 6 IMBRACAMINTE FASHION 2&3&6 N24,MILITARI 1 AC FASHION RETAIL SRL AC&co BUCURESTI 3 STR LIVIU REBREANU NR 4 IMBRACAMINTE FASHION 1.00 2&3&6 AC FASHION RETAIL SRL AC&co BUCURESTI 4 CALEA VACARESTI 391 SUN PLAZZA SPATIUL 122 - A IMBRACAMINTE FASHION 1.00 2&3&6 STR.BLD GENERAL VASILE MILEA,NR.4,BL.AFI COTROCENI,SC.- AC FASHION RETAIL SRL AC&CO AFI COTROCENI BUCURESTI 6 IMBRACAMINTE FASHION 2&3&6 ,AP.C141B, C130B 1 NEW NAILS SRL ACADEMIA NEW NAIL INTERNATIONAL BRASOV BRASOV STR. TITULESCU NR 31 SALON COSMETICA COSMETICA & WELLNESS 1.00 3 & 6 & 8 & 10 & 12 SC ACTIV AUTOELA SRL ACTIV AUTOELA CONSTANTA CONSTANTA STR ION RATIU NR 79 PIESE AUTO AUTO MOTO 1.00 2 - 12 PIATA.MIHAIL KOGALNICEANU,BL.UNITATEA ACTUAL TRAVEL SRL ACTUAL TRAVEL PIATRA NEAMT NEAMT AGENTIE TURISM -
Chapter 12: Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace@MIT 1 Chapter 12: Identity, Rationality, and Emotion in the Processes of State Disintegration and Reconstruction Roger Petersen I wish to address both a substantive and a methodological issue in this chapter. Substantively, I will discuss the process of state disintegration and reconstruction. Here, I will draw on the experience of Eastern Europe following the collapse of Communism. Today, more than twenty new states occupy the territories formerly held by the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. Furthermore, the process of breakdown and rebuilding is incomplete, especially in terms of identity issues. For example, while most people have some understanding of how the first Yugoslavia collapsed, few appreciate how the second “rump” Yugoslavia and the surrounding territories remain in flux. Albanians and Slavs are working toward new political and social equilibria in Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and the three mixed municipalities in Serbia proper (Presevo, Bujanovac, and Medvedje). In Montenegro, the Slavic population is divided over whether they are Montenegrins, Serbs, or simultaneously Montenegrins and Serbs. In the Sandzak, people are debating whether they are Bosnjaks or just Muslims. In Moldova, a Dniestrian Republic rules a sliver of land on the left bank of Dniester River while the Gagauz have been given ethno-territorial autonomy within the entity on the right bank. In the Baltic republics, citizenship laws continue to be a matter of controversy. Methodologically, I wish to address the relationship between rationality and emotion within the process of state disintegration and reconstruction. -
Dissertation Corina Mavrodin
The London School of Economics and Political Science A Maverick in the Making: Romania’s de-Satellization Process and the Global Cold War (1953-1963) Corina Mavrodin A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, February 2017 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 96,500 words. 2 Abstract This research project explores Romania’s process of detachment from Moscow from 1953 to 1963 within the context of the global Cold War. Through a multi-archival investigation, the dissertation investigates the first full process of peaceful de-satellization within the Eastern bloc by considering the broader framework of the bipolar international climate. In so doing, it provides both a bottom-up, as well as a top-down analysis. This project focuses, in particular, on the tenure of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1947-65), Romania’s first Communist leader, as it was under his leadership that the country shifted from complete subservience to the Soviet Union to political and economic autonomy. -
Finnish Journal Romanian Studies
Finnish Journal forfor Romanian Studies No 4 ● 2018 Published by School of Languages and Translation Studies University of Turku Finland █ █ █ www.fjrs.eu ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Editor in chief Emilia Ivancu (Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Poland) Associate Editors Paul Nanu (University of Turku, Finland) Tomasz Klimkowski (Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Poland) Georgeta Orian (University of Alba Iulia, Romania) ●●● Advisory Board Maria Bucur-Deckard, University of Indiana, USA Aurelian Craiutu, University of Indiana, USA Dennis Deletant, University College London, UK Jukka Havu, University of Tampere, Finland Zdzisław Hryhorowicz, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Poland Sabine Krause, University of Leipzig, Germany Vincent Liotta, University of Indiana, USA Isabela Mares, Columbia University, New York, USA Roberto Merlo, University of Turin, Italy Mircea Minică, The Romanian Academy Lavinia Stan, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada Eija Suomela-Salmi, University of Turku, Finland ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ © Romanian Language and Culture (2018) School of Languages and Translation Studies University of Turku █ █ █ ISSN 2343-3442 (Print) www.fjrs.eu ISSN 2343-3450 (Online) Printed in Finland Finnish Journal for Romanian Studies ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ o N 4 ● 2018 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ University of Turku Finland ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ● 7 █ BOB JARVIS (University of Sussex) Shifting ground at the edge of Europe –aspects of travel in the evolution of Romanian -
EAST-CENTRAL EUROPEAN & BALKAN CONCERTOS from The
EAST-CENTRAL EUROPEAN & BALKAN CONCERTOS From the 19th Century to the Present A Discography of CDs and LPs Prepared by Michael Herman Composers S-Z DIMITAR SAGAEV (1915-2003, BULGARIAN) Born in Plovdiv. He studied piano and music theory with Asen Dimitrov, and later continued piano studies with Dimitar Nenov. He graduated from the Bulgarian Musical Academy where he was taught composition by Pancho Vladigerov, orchestration by by Vesselin Stoianov and piano by Panka Pelishek. His catalogue includes operas, ballets, symphonic, chamber, instrumental and vocal works. Among these are Piano Concertos Nos. 1 (1992) and 2 (1994), Violin Concerto No. 2 (1964). Cello Concerto (1997), Oboe Concertos Nos. 1 (1966) and 2 (1991), Flute Concerto (1976), Horn Concerto, Trumpet Concerto (1989) and Trombone Concerto 1988). Violin Concerto No. 1 (1963) George Badev (violin)/Ivan Voulpe/Sofia State Philharmonic Orchestra ( + Wieniavski: Concert Polonaise No. 1, Tchaikovsky: Valse-Scherzo and Saeasate: Introduction and Tarantella) BALKANTON BCA 423 (LP) (1960s) Bassoon Concerto (1973) Misak Godzhikan (bassoon)/Dragomir Nenov/Bulgarian Radio Opera-Symphony Orchestra ( + Shipchenskata Epopei) BALKAHTON BCA 2188 (LP) (c. 1980) TADEÁŠ SALVA (1937-1995, SLOVAK) Born in Lúčky. He studied composition at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava with Alexander Moyzes and Ján Cikker and with Bolesław Szabelski in Katowice, Poland. He worked for the music departments of Slovak Radio and Television and taught at the Faculty of Education in Nitra. His catalogue includes operas, ballets, orchestral, chamber, instrumental, vocal and choral works. Among his other works are Slovak Liturgic Concerto Grosso for Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass and String Orchestra (1994), Slovak Rhapsody for Flute and String Orchestra (1975), Rhapsody for Violin and Orchestra (1981),Ballad-Symphony for Clarinet, Piston Trumpet, Timpani and String Orchestra (1988) and Slovak Concerto Grosso No. -
The Coronation of “The Accompanying Comrade” Sică Alexandrescu – a Case Study
STUDIA UBB DRAMATICA, LXII, 2, 2017, p. 87 - 113 (Recommended Citation) DOI:10.24193/subbdrama.2017.2.05 The coronation of “the accompanying comrade” Sică Alexandrescu – A case study MIRUNA RUNCAN1 Abstract: Have “People’s Artists” been famous artists, plain “nomenklatura” representatives in the artistic milieu or just “accompanying comrades”? What were the characteristics of the mechanism producing these “people’s artists” in the first years after the concept had been imported from the USSR? What are, in this context, the specificities of the Romanian theatre environment? Who are the people selected to become “distinguished artists”, “State Prize Laureate”, “Emeritus Masters of art” or “People’s artists” – and what justifies this hierarchy? Clearly, some of the members of the first generation of communist “theatre heroes” were truly artists who had earned a certain fame even before the Second World War. Others, however, had not – or they had earned an entirely different kind of status and fame in the artistic milieu. We shall try to uncover at least a part of the mechanism for selecting/producing “state artists”, by means of a case study focusing on possibly the most illustrative character for the stated theme: theatre director Sică Alexandrescu. With this in view, we used previous files of personal research concerning the political, ideologic and aesthetic debates in the first decades of the communist regime, we revisited archives, journal and cultural magazines collections and, of course, we revisited the articles and books written by the famous theatre director himself. Keywords: Theatre Directing, Romanian Theatre, Theatre History, Cultural Policies Historic context: theatre in the first decades after the Second World War In contrast to other areas of science and arts, Romanian theatre appears to have welcomed the passing from a democratic regime to communism without any suspicions, or even with strange enthusiasm.