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Abstracts of the 2016 International Poultry Scientific Forum Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia January 25–26, 2016

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Abstracts of the 2016 International Poultry Scientific Forum Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia January 25–26, 2016 Abstracts of the 2016 International Poultry Scientific Forum Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia January 25–26, 2016 SYMPOSIA AND ORAL SESSIONS Monday, January 25, 2016 Abstract Page No. No. Milton Y Dendy Keynote Address . 194 Physiology . ..M1–M10 . 195 Processing & Products . .M11–M27 . 198 Pathology . .M28–M41 . 203 SCAD I . .M42–M53 . 206 Metabolism & Nutrition I . M54–M69. 210 Metabolism & Nutrition II . M70–M80. 214 Environment Management I . M81–M95 . 217 Environment Management II . M96–M106 . 222 Metabolism & Nutrition III . M107–M121 . 225 Metabolism & Nutrition IV . .M122–M132 . 230 Tuesday, January 26, 2016 Metabolism & Nutrition V . T133–T145 . 233 SCAD II . .T146–T151 . 237 SCAD III . T152–T157 . 239 Metabolism & Nutrition VI . ..T158–T171 . 240 Environment & Management III . T172–T184 . 244 Metabolism & Nutrition VII . T185–T196 . 248 POSTER PRESENTATIONS . P197–P365 . 253 IPSF Author Index . 299 ABSTRACTS 2016 International Poultry Scientific Forum Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia January 25-26, 2016 Milton Y Dendy Keynote Address B-313 Antibiotic Usage in Poultry: Assessing the Effects on Antibiotic Resistance and Human Health Randall Singer, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA Bacterial infections in humans that are resistant to antibiotics pose a significant and growing public health challenge globally. Agricultural antibiotic use (AAU) can influence resistance in specific bacterial populations, and it is now well-documented that non-antibiotic compounds such as disinfectants and metals can also significantly impact the prevalence of resistant bacteria. Within the poultry production system, there is a complex web of possible pressures affecting resistance in bacteria of importance to human and animal health. The real challenge is determining which practices are making the greatest contribution to the emergence, amplification, persistence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and then accurately predicting the net benefit to human health that modification or elimination of these practices would have. Poultry production globally is experiencing dramatic changes in the ways in which antibiotics are being used. In the U.S., medically-important growth promoters are being phased out, and many companies have eliminated the use of other antibiotic administrations, including the use of antibiotics in the hatchery. While some of this decision is based on consumer demands, there has also been a widespread acknowledgement that antibiotics need to be used responsibly and that reduced usage should translate into reduced antibiotic resistance in human and animal pathogens. There are multiple pathways by which AAU can cause resistance to increase above background levels and then lead to a negative outcome (human health harm). These pathways include: 1) AAU leads to an increase in resistant pathogens which are then transmitted to humans via the food chain or the environment, 2) AAU selects for resistance in non-pathogens, such as commensals or environmental microbes, which then transfer resistance genes to pathogens leading to more resistant infections in humans, and 3) following AAU there is a release of active antimicrobial compounds into the environment where selection occurs predominantly in non-pathogens, such as soil microbes, and resistance is transferred to pathogens. The broiler chicken and turkey systems have been linked to many antibiotic resistant infections in humans and are therefore critically important systems in which to develop and implement strategic programs for mitigating antibiotic resistance. For example, Salmonella enterica is prevalent in poultry production and between 25 and 50% of human salmonellosis illnesses in the U.S. have been attributed to chicken. Many of these Salmonella strains are multidrug resistant (MDR), and consequently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a stated goal of reducing by 25% multidrug- resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella infections compared to estimates from 2010—2012. There is the assumption that reductions in MDR Salmonella should be expected as antibiotic usage is reduced in poultry production. Unfortunately, there are many challenges to reducing antimicrobial resistance in bacteria such as Salmonella, and it is unclear if simple reductions in antibiotic usage will translate into reductions in MDR Salmonella. In summary, antibiotic resistance is a critically important issue affecting the health of human and animal populations. Although the role of poultry pro- duction practices in augmenting levels of antimicrobial resistance in key bacteria is uncertain, there are many practices in poultry production that have the potential to exacerbate the problem and aid in the selection, persistence and dissemination of resistance. This presentation will address some of these practices and the challenges affecting attempts to mitigate antibiotic resistance in the poultry production system. 194 Poult. Sci. 95(E-Suppl. 1) 2 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS *Author presenting paper GS Denotes Graduate Student Competition UG Denotes Undergraduate Presentation Physiology M1 Correcting bone morphometry values for body weight challenged and serve as negative control. The treatment groups were fed differences Cristian Uculmana1, Diego Martínez*2, Jorge Tay1, Carlos basal diet (Negative control group and coccidiosis control group), basal Vílchez1 1Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2LIAN Development diet + 0.5% Diclazuril® (Diclazuril group), basal diet + Lactobacillus pro- & Service biotic (Probiotic group), basal diet + Mannan-oligosaccharides (Prebiotic group), and basal diet + neem fruit (Neem group). The oocyst per gram Data from three experiments (E1, E2, E3) with male Cobb 500 broilers (OPG), clinical signs/severity of diarrhea, lesion score, weight gain, feed were used to test if a correction of bone morphometry values is needed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rates were determined at the end when analyzing the results of experiments where differences in body of the study. The prebiotic group had the highest (P < 0.05) body weight weight (BW) exist among treatments. E1 and E2 had 108 day-old chicks gain compared with the control and the other treatment groups. Oocyte placed in cages until 21 d each, assigned to three treatments on Ca and P shedding (9650 oocytes/gram of stool), morbidity (lesion score = 3.6/5), nutrition with four replicates, and weekly evaluated; whereas E3 had 128 mortality (38%), and FCR (2.4) were higher (P < 0.05) in the coccidiosis day-old chicks placed in cages for 14 d, assigned to two treatments on in- control group compared with the other treatment groups. Among the coc- testinal health. In each experiment, bones were obtained (femur, FE; tibio- cidiosis groups, prebiotic and probiotic supplementations increased body tarsus, TI; tarsometatarsus, TS), boiled for 15 minutes to remove flesh and weight gain (2044g, 2092g), whereas, lowered FCR (1.7, 1.65), mortality cartilages and air dried for 24 hours. Bone weight, length and diaphysis (18%, 14%), lesion score (1.2/5, 1.4/5), and oocytes shedding rate (400, width were measured. The absolute variable (AV) and the one corrected 650). In conclusion, coccidiosis is a lethal disease which can lower pro- for differences in BW (corrected variable, CV) were determined. CV were duction performance of the broilers and the supplementation of prebiotic obtained applying the formula: CV = AV x BW / BW ; where “i” refers to i i p i and the probiotic can significantly overcomes the severe consequences of the average value of one single experimental unit and “p” refers to the av- the disease. erage value of all experimental units. The data from each experiment and age were analyzed using a CRD, the GLM procedure of SAS and Dun- Key Words: Broilers, Probiotic, Prebiotic, Azadirachta indica, Coccidia can’s test. The trends on statistical significances in each pair of variables (AV, CV) were compared. Results showed that AV that initially presented M3 Comparison of hen comb and wing vein blood glucose via significant differences among treatments lost it when presented as CV, compact glucometer. Brendan Gould*GS, Suzanne Oates, Wallace Berry particularly when there were differences in body weight. This was veri- Auburn University fied in the weight of TS (AV, P=0.0017; CV, P=0.0936), length of FE (AV, The objective of the present study was to verify that use of a glucometer P=0.0229; CV, P=0.6581), TI (AV, P=0.0133; CV, P=0.7709) and TS (AV, to analyze blood glucose from comb or wing vein blood would yield com- P=0038; CV, P=0.6052), and FE width (AV, P=0.0015; CV, P=0.8012) parable results. Studies of changes in blood glucose in birds have been after correcting the AV for BW differences. In conclusion, if differences in hampered by difficulty in obtaining serial blood samples over short sam- bone morphometry are associated to differences in BW, the correction of pling intervals. Longitudinal sampling of blood borne substances at short bone morphometry for differences in BW can help a better understanding sampling intervals is complicated in birds by the difficulty in obtaining of the results seen in that specific variable and establish if the difference is serial blood samples in a way that is safe for the bird and expeditious. a consequence of the difference in body weight or not. Drawing blood via the wing (Alar) vein with a needle and syringe makes Key Words: bone morphometry, tibia, mineralization, skeletal integrity, further sampling from
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