South African Communist Party

Commemorating the first anniversary of Fidel Castro’s death;

Fidel, the Granma and Robben Island

Lecture by Cde Blade Nzimande, SACP General Secretary

Freedom Park, Tshwane, 30 October 2017

Next month, November 2017, marks the first anniversary since Comrade Fidel Castro died on 25 November 2016. As the SACP said in its statement released on 26 November 2016 after receiving the sad news of the death of the former President of Cuba, historic leader and Commander of the Cuban Revolution, Cde Fidel belonged to the rarest breed of finest revolutionaries. Fidel made an invaluable contribution in the struggle for the emancipation of humanity. Human history will be incomplete without the recognition of his colossal contribution in the struggle for freedom, for a world free from exploitation of one person, group, class, or country by another. The good leadership example set by Fidel in the struggle for universal emancipation of humanity from exploitation and oppression is monumental.

The revolutionary life of Fidel Castro

As the SACP we wish to express our gratitude in having been asked to present this lecture on Fidel a year after his passing away. Fidel was born in Biran, Mayari, in Oriente Province, Cuba. Fidel was born in a well off family. Therefore he is one of the best personifications of class suicide. He hated inequality and poverty precisely because of his background. He knew what poor people were going through. He also knew that the Cuban independence existed in name only, as Cuba was made a backyard of the ruling class in the United States collaborating with the domestic, thoroughly compradorial bourgeoisie. That is why among other things he joined the progressive student movement when he reached university.

Many Communists, like Fidel, understood that the struggle for socialism is not an abstract struggle, different from the lived experiences of ordinary people. It was through the struggle against dictatorships in Cuba, the struggle for national sovereignty that shaped Fidel’s socialist outlook. It was this socialist outlook that in turn shaped his revolutionary approach to the burning national tasks facing the struggle in Cuba. Fidel was brave and had endless optimism about the struggle, sometimes pushing immediate actions that seemed impossible. For 82 young rebels

1 to be cramped into such a small boat, that is the Granma, on 26 July 1953, to launch an attack on the Moncada military garrison hoping to lead a popular uprising against Batista, illustrates this point.

Given Fidel’s bravery I was somehow surprised in the late 1990s when I was accompanying him to Robben Island by his shock on how small Mandela’s cell was. He wondered loudly how a tall person like Mandela could fit in such a small cell. Perhaps just like others wondered how Fidel and the other rebels fitted in the Granma. Maybe there is poetic connection between the Granma and Mandela’s cell, symbolising preparedness of revolutionaries to face whatever conditions. This determination is of course captured in Fidel’s historic speech, entitled “History will absolve me”, which reflects his optimism and determination to succeed even under the most adverse of conditions.

When Madiba and Fidel met again in September 2001 in Madiba’s house at Houghton in Johannesburg, I remember very well Comrade Fidel asking Madiba this same question. I could see the sense of shock when looking into that cell, but I was at the same time sensing some relief on his part that because of, amongst others, the victory of the Cuban and Angolan forces in Cuito Cuanavale, Robben Island was no longer a prison but a museum symbolising the victory of progressive forces over the forces of evil!

I was truly honoured for Comrade Madiba to invite me to the September 2001 meeting. This was a private meeting between Madiba and Fidel at his Houghton home as Comrade Fidel had attended an international gathering in South Africa. On inviting me over the phone, Comrade Madiba joked that he was not feeling safe to meet a leading Cuban Communist on his own, so I better join him so that in case of danger his own fellow Communist could protect him. Were this true I do not know how I was going to do that because I noticed that day that both these tall men were of the same height! Where would I have fitted in that equation!? But on arriving at Madiba's house he changed the story and said to me and Fidel that he invited me because he wanted to show Comrade Fidel that it was not only Cuba that had Communists but South Africa too! I really enjoyed that conversation between these two giants which lasted for over an hour

Much as Fidel was part of a collective, it was his vision and courage that also inspired his fellow commanders in the ultimate triumph of the Cuban Revolution. What we can learn from this is that defending one’s national sovereignty is a crucial weapon in the struggle for national liberation and reconstruction and development of one’s country. Democratic national sovereignty is an indispensible weapon in the struggle against imperialism and its domestic collaborators. This was one of Fidel’s enduring legacies.

It was Fidel’s correct understanding of national sovereignty that motivated Fidel’s internationalism and the role played by Cuba under his leadership in solidarity with the

2 liberation struggle in Southern Africa. Therefore the struggle for the right to national self-determination and national severity need not be a narrow nationalistic struggle. It is crucial component for forging international solidarity. It is only truly sovereign nations that can enter into enduring internationalist solidarity activism. That is why the first attack of imperialism against weaker and developing countries is national sovereignty.

Our international solidarity

The SACP expresses its message of solidarity with the Cuban people in the face of the continuing imperialist offensive by the United States as no led by Donald Trump tightening draconian measures against Cuba. We recall the more than 600 assassination attempts at Fidel’s life by the imperialist United States. We do so with an overwhelming joy for his survival from each and every one of those deadly assassination attempts. It was after surviving all these and most probably other attempts that Fidel passed on at an old age, 90. While his contribution as an activist, soldier and leader of the Cuban Revolution is monumental, Fidel worked within the principles of class, national and international struggles and collective leadership. It is therefore very important to express our sincere gratitude for that role as well as to the people of Cuba for staying the course of the struggle for freedom, nationally and internationally.

It is now over half a century since the success of the Cuban Revolution on 1 January 1959. Consistent imperialist aggression mainly but not exclusively from the United States has been failing to impose regime change in Cuba. Imperialist machination has been failing for over half a century to destroy Cuban people’s determination to pursue a development path of their democratic choice, socialism. The determination of the Cuban people and their resilience made Trump’s predecessor, Barack Obama, to realise that it was foolish to do one and the same thing over and over again and hope to achieve different outcomes. Obama did not discard United States’ agenda to effect a regime change in Cuba. What he did was to merely accept dialogue with Cuba. Subsequently he relaxed some, and therefore not all, and did not remove the entire structure of, the draconian measures erected and fortified over many years by the imperialist dictatorship of the United States to isolate Cuba and destroy its revolution.

When the normalisation of relations between Cuba and the United States was announced, the SACP welcomed the development but condemned the United States for maintaining its economic blockade of Cuba. I want to make use of this opportunity to reiterate our Party’s condemnation of the both old and new measures of economic blockade by the United States. I also want to take this opportunity to reiterate our Party’s call to the United States to lift, unconditionally, the entire economic blockade and isolation of Cuba. In the same vein, the United States must evacuate Guantanamo Bay, a Cuban territory, and leave it in the good hands of the Cuba. The capitalist rule of the United States has been using Guantanamo Bay as a detention camp to commit

3 human rights violations including worst forms of atrocities the human society has ever seen.

Taking our cue from Fidel, we must deepen our international solidarity with the people of Cuba. In order for all of humanity to realise freedom we must intensify revolutionary solidarity with each other and strengthen our struggle against foreign as well as other forms of dictatorships.

As Southern Africans we are saying thank you to Fidel and the Cuban people for defeating the apartheid South Africa in Angola. The defeat of the racist regime of South Africa in Angola by Cuba under the leadership of Fidel paved the way for the liberation of the whole of Southern Africa, including our democratic transition in South Africa. Thousands of Cubans gave their lives to defeat the racist regime of apartheid South Africa in Angola. To the Cuban people we say, we are aware that when you left Angola after the historic victory, you did not demand anything, you did not leave with anything but the corpses of your fallen combatants. We have many of their names inscribed here at the Freedom Park. We will forever be indebted to you for the march to liberation in our region and country, the march that you left behind for us to defend, advance and deepen.

The internationalism and contribution by the Cuban people and Revolution in our liberation struggle in South Africa, Southern Africa and the African continent is unparalleled in many instances. Whether one talks about the training of health and other professionals, engineers and technicians, or solidarity interventions to deal with the breakout of contagious diseases such as Ebola, Cuba’s record is outstanding in Africa and other parts of the world. Meanwhile, Western imperialist states that have exploited and under-developed our continent and by these means accumulated massive resources continue to create serious problems.

Why the offensive against Cuba?

Cuba is a threat to imperialism not because of its size but because of its impressive achievements. What constituted the threat to imperialism is the very success of the Cuban Revolution. Another enduring achievement of Fidel is his success in uniting the Communist Party of Cuba, its members and leaders, thus laying the basis for uniting the Cuban people. This is a lesson as South Africa we need to learn from Cuba, that unless we unite our Alliance and movement our revolution is liable to be rolled. When I attended Fidel’s funeral in Santiago de Cuba I was struck by the overwhelming unity of the Cuban people.

But this is not unity based on repression as Cuban detractors always claim. It is unity based on the achievements of the Cuban Revolution, especially in the fields of education and health.

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Cuba is among very few countries in the world that have wiped out illiteracy, thus laying the foundation for a highly educated population. Its achievements on education are being shared by the Cubans with students from the rest of the world, especially from developing countries. Cuba has opened its universities for students from Latin America and the African continent, and even some from the United States. South Africa itself was and continues to be a beneficiary of Cuban education. Under Fidel’s leadership and especially during the apartheid era many exiled South Africans studied in Cuba. Currently we have thousands of South African students studying in Cuba. The single largest component of South African students in Cuba is being trained as doctors.

Cuba has phenomenal achievements in health. Many of its health indicators are far better than the United States and other developed countries. Cuba has one of the world’s most advanced centres of genetic engineering and biotechnology. It has developed medicines and registered patents including in the United States. Cuba’s international solidarity includes thousands of medical professionals who serve in other countries, including in South Africa.

There are a number of other notable achievements by Cuba that should serve as an example to other countries. Were it not for the economic blockade imposed by the United States, Cuba would be a relatively well developed and more prosperous island. It is not socialism that is pushing Cuba down. Socialism is pushing Cuba up! It is imperialism that is pressing Cuba down!

What lessons can we learn from Fidel and Cuba?

South Africa has made notable achievements under the leadership of our movement since our April 1994 democratic breakthrough. We built millions of houses allocated free of charge to eligible working class and poor households. We massively expanded electrification and access to education at all levels. There are many other important achievements that made a big difference in the quality of life of our people.

However, we are facing serious challenges underpinned by persisting colonial and apartheid legacy that is rooted in our economy and worsened by capitalist crisis. These challenges include inequality, unemployment, poverty, widespread corruption and social insecurity in our communities. The structural foundation of these problems is indeed our neo-colonial capitalist trajectory. Even if we have not reached socialist construction like Cuba there are many lessons our national democratic revolution can learn from Cuba. This includes the necessity to unite the motive forces of our revolution in driving the second, more radical phase, of our democratic transition.

Another lesson is the need to fight incessantly against all forces and tendencies that want to undermine our revolution, including the phenomena of state capture and factionalism. We cannot blame imperialism if we ourselves open the door to it by

5 disuniting and factionalising our movement. Often imperialism precisely exploits disunity amongst revolutionary forces. It is important to close ranks and build principled unity.

Fidel’s definition of revolution remains a source of inspiration to us as South African Communists. This is what Fidel said in defining a revolution, which is an inscription at the place of internment of his remains in Santiago de Cuba:

Revolution means to have a sense of history; it is changing everything that must be changed; it is full equality and freedom; it is being treated and treating others like human beings; it is achieving emancipation by ourselves and through our own efforts; it is challenging powerful dominant forces from within and without the social and national milieu; it is defending the values in which we believe at the cost of any sacrifice; it is modesty, selflessness, altruism, solidarity and heroism; it is fighting with courage, intelligence and realism; it is never lying or violating ethical principles; it is a profound conviction that there is no power in the world that can crush the power of truth and ideas. Revolution means unity; it is independence, it is fighting for our dreams of justice... and for the world, which is the foundation of our patriotism, our socialism and our internationalism.

Siyavuma!

Long live the revolutionary legacy of Cde Fidel Castro!

Long the internationalism of Cde Fidel Castro!

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