GAC CAPITALISTS movements are trying to follow Cuba’s step and the Central Intelligence Agency Author: Luis Pavón Monzón (CIA) in accordance and supervision with Time for Opening Statement: 60 seconds the United States government shall impede such atrocities from occurring COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION that will threaten national security.

GAC Capitalists vs Communists is a crisis HISTORICAL CONTEXT cabinet simulating the Cold War tensions arising and acting in Latin America from Relations between Latin America and the 1960 till 1963. We recommend that every United States date back to 1823 and the delegate is aware of the capacity of the Monroe Doctrine that may be synthesized delegate designated and their ideologies. on the phrase “America for Americans” Even if warmongering was a key factor and such doctrine pledged the protection during the Cold War it's not suggested for from the US from any threat to any nation any delegate to arise to use such features, of the Western Hemisphere. Later on, aside from that only the head of states in with the foundations of the Soviet Union the committee is capable of such action. tensions were created. With betrayal by the communists in both World Wars and Even if GAC isn’t the most diplomatic of later on the intent by Stalin to overrule committees the values of the UN must be weak Eastern Europe. Later on, various present and diplomacy always being a conflicts and tensions arose between the possible solution. United States of America and the Soviet Union. In particular, the formation of

TOPIC A: CIA INTRUSION IN LATIN NATO and the response of the USSR to AMERICA create Kominform, the Korean War, and the Hungarian Uprising. Aside from the INTRODUCTION commonly known Soviet Union Actions in Latin America Chinese communism played Latin America has been a region of a major role as they were motivated to military interest in the Union of Soviet weaken America's position in such an area Socialist Republics (USSR) since the United of prime security importance. It’s States of America positioned fifteen recommended for delegates to not follow Jupiter Intermediate-range Ballistic the historical route taken by the Missiles (IRBM) in Turkey. But the region delegations historically, but also try to has been on soviet pressure since the end analyze previous actions to 1960 in Latin of the war. Currently, multiple communist

America and the rest of the World to take and Moscow. Moreover, in 1958 different courses of action. Argentina and Moscow exchanged $100 million credit for the purchase of oil Sino-soviet influence: Sino being a prefix pieces of equipment. ​ for Chinese and Soviet a member of a communist party. Since 1955 communist Chinese liaison may be dated to 1955. influence in Central and South America However, major activity began in 1956. has been increasing. From propaganda to Chicoms have already aided multiple the training of members of the regional communist parties around Latin America parties in Moscow and Peiping. through clandestine operations such as teaching political strategies, infiltration of The focal points of strategic pressuring by the armed forces and governments, and the Soviets have been economic exchange of information, for example, campaigns, political support and political, economical, social, and all the influence, labor organizations, pressing matters to depict the current student-intellectuals, nationalists, and conditions in Latin America. Other intellectual groups such as teachers, infiltrations being sponsored by the artists, and journalists. Also in at least 21 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are the Soviet bloc diplomatic missions have been establishment of a “News agency” established in five Latin American called Nueva China which will operate as a ​ ​ countries. Key propaganda events that method of intercommunication between occurred in 1959 where the speeches of the different communist parties in Latin Anastas Mikoyan against anti-American America. Multiple other propaganda imperialism in Latin America were initiatives have been taken in a particular present. However, previously to such date film, books, and pamphlets such as Como ​ multiple cultural communist propaganda Ser un Buen Comunista by Liu Shao-chi. ​ actions were taken. Such as the sending Aside from propaganda and the off Ballet artists, groups of journalists, and establishment of a communication the appearance of Isolde Izvitskaia actress division, cultural associations have also of the widespread soviet movie “The 41” been established in La Paz, Bogotá, regardless of “neutrality” by Latin Caracas, Montevideo, and other Latin American governments and the Free American countries such as Chile, Brazil, World or the Bloc major economic trades Argentina and Mexico. The CCP is still have occurred. Brazil sent a three-year second and following Moscow's orders trade mission to Moscow for the sum of despite speculative tensions arising. $214 million, the biggest trade ever Nevertheless, Chinese Communism has recorded between a Latin American State taken upon a semi-autonomous agenda as multiple separate meetings have occurred have only continued since the United between the CCP and the Latin American States recognized the sovereignty and communist parties. legitimacy of Brazil’s independence in 1824. Nevertheless, Brazil is Guatemala: A clear example of the fundamentally a stable country when ​ multiple communist infiltrations in talking about politics. The Communist America breaking the Monroe Protocol Party of Brazil (PCB) have had direct was in Guatemala. In 1950 communist contact with the Communist Party of the president Jacobo Arbenz took power and Soviet Union (CPSU) on multiple measures where needed. Previously to occasions, most recently in the 21st president Eisenhower, the CIA took Congress of the CPSU during the 27 of Operation PBFORTUNE as a plan to force a January till 5 February in 1959. In the coup and the assassination of the congress the PCB was critiqued for communist president. However, such an permitting right wing deviations in the operation didn’t succeed as planned and party. Moreover, multiple other in 1953 Operation PBSUCCESS under Mr conversations took place where concepts Allen Dulles and approved by president of revisionism, alliances, and hegemony. Eisenhower 480 men were trained on One of the major conversations that may psychological warfare and paramilitary prevent development of the PCB is due to actions. Preparations took place during what Mikhail Suslov stated on hegemony August through December 1953 in the “hegemony is created in the course of the borders of Nicaragua and Honduras. With struggle. The task of the Party is to work a budgetary expense for the operation of daily to gain the support of the masses, $3,000,000 and constant governmental gaining hegemony of the working class pressure economically and diplomatically. day by day”. Previously to the lectures in Once the operation was on a go and a China the PCB members took a few trips propaganda ploy was to be created to the around the USSR visiting and receiving CIA outstandingly such ploy became real other lectures from Polish, when 2,000 tons of Czech weapons and Czechoslovakians, and East Germans main ammunition. The arrival of the Czech figures of their communist party. weapons provided proof of the CIA main propaganda theme: Guatemala is a Soviet Later on, after the CPSU congress and the ally. visitation of multiple satellite countries, the PCB delegates were directed to China Brazil: Since 1947 Brazilian-Soviet where they received teachings and ​ relations have been in a stand-still. directions from the CCP and Mao However, American-Brazilian relations Tse-Tung. Mao’s teachings emphasized the need for the PCB to increase their actions by the communist took place and movement and insisted in doing so with such influenced their increased popularity the farmers. Aside from a dangerous in Venezuela. One example of the multiple teaching highlighting that peaceful dis actions taken during Perez Jimenez rule entanglements are theoretical and that all was the creation of the Junta ​ communist parties should be ready to Patriótica which was a clandestine ​ fight. Teaching by other communists in organization planning actions against the China focused on the learning of the regime. During the final periods of the struggle of other communist parties and regime, violent events occurred and let be their way to power. A major emphasis was rest assured that at least one communist done on the Chinese revolution. was in the vanguard of such actions. Nevertheless, the unexpected loss Even though a threat can be imagined it's of Junta President Larrazabal in the ​ ​ unlikely. Even if there are few communists elections impeded the direct access of posing a threat in Brazil, the Peasant power to the PCV. Moreover, around League in the north of Brazil is led by 80,000 of the 160,000 voters that voted Francisco Juliao, a communist pro-Castro. the PCV into the Congress supported the continuation of Larrazabal as president. Venezuela: Venezuela may have the Despite such failure, the results also ​ second-largest communist party in Latin present a significant increase of following America (CIA, 1959). However, the in Venezuela and this may pose a threat in beginnings of the communist influence on the near future. Venezuela arose before the Partido ​ Comunista Venezolano (PCV) was even Cuba: Shortly after the Spanish-American ​ ​ ​ ​ established. It began in Moscow 1927 War the Republic of Cuba was formed. By ​ ​ when the tenth anniversary of the 1902 the Republic was installed under the Bolshevik revolution. Later on, in 1931 the supervision of the United States. student-led PCV formed with other parties However, in June 1952 Fulgencio Batista part of the “Anti-imperialist league”. which was running for his second However, in 1935 a unification of parties presidency overthrew the government created the Partido Democrático because of the predicted defeat in the ​ Nacional (PDN) and years later a split elections. He became de facto president ​ ​ resumed the actions of the PCV. and called elections for 1954. In the elections, with no opposition, Fulgencio The 23 of January 1958 the military Batista was the constitutional president of regime of Marcos Perez Jimenez was the Republic of Cuba. However, previously abolished. Previously to the date, multiple to the elections multiple organized campaigns against Batista were taken. and because of the common response by Most famously known are the group later the Cuban government the United States known as Movimiento 26 de Julio led by suspended the sending off 2,000 riffles. ​ Fidel Castro. The 160 men that created When the elections approached and chaos in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba were multiple death threats by Castro to all the hoping for a public uprising, but such political candidates and the kidnapping of incitement of revolution only caused Americans later released the future could multiple deaths and the arresting of both be predicted. When the handpicked Raul and Fidel Castro. Despite an intent to successor of Batista won the elections a coup by Castro they gained amnesty and Armageddon began in Cuba. exiled to Mexico. With the rise of violence and an arms On December 2 of 1956 a yacht called embargo by the United States to Cuba the Granma transporting 81 men to Cuba and government was falling short. With some of them were Fidel Castro and multiple operatives and decline of military Ernesto “Che” Guevara. With most of the power of Batista he resigned on 1 of men arriving in Cuba being shot or January 1959 and exiled to the Dominican arrested a dozen of them were capable of Republic. A military junta was established escaping and began a guerrilla campaign but later on Che Guevara led a group of in the Sierra Maestra Mountains. Later on, rebels on to Havana unopposed. Despite in 1957 multiple uprisings occurred Castro declaring victory of the revolution sponsored and not by Movimiento 26 de when such junta was established. Then a ​ Julio for example disturbances provoked provisional government was established by another group Directorio with President Manuel Urrutia Lleó and ​ Revolucionario which resulted in multiple Fidel Castro as Prime Minister. The ​ casualties. With other sporadic raids and American concern was the nationalization violent confrontations Batista assured of companies such as oil refineries, that the election of 1958 would be held, telephone networks and electricity as they but when the year came and more were American owned. However, the uprisings and more opposition grew the United States of America did recognize elections were postponed for November the new government. Nevertheless, both of the same year. Key events between the communist nations recognized the government and the different groups importance and continued their common were the effects such riots inflicted in the approach to Latin American nations. The economy through the burning of multiple Chinese opened an office of their “news sugar cane plantations and bombings in agency” in Havana and common the touristic Havana. For such violence propaganda continued to fly around.

Multiple Soviet officials and distinct Central Intelligence Agency (2003). CIA's ​ members have claimed that ties were Role in the Overthrow of Arbenz. CIA. ​ close to being formed between the USSR Retrieved from and the new established government in https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum Cuba. The Sino-soviet support for the new ent/0000919933 government does not currently place a threat to the United States nor Latin Central Intelligence Agency. (1999). America. However, depending on the International connections of Venezuelan support gained by the communist parties Communism. CIA. Retrieved from in Latin America, the future results and https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum some events, they may insist for the ent/cia-rdp78-02771r000500120005-6 current period of “peaceful coexistence”, diplomacy or the need for a stronger Central Intelligence Agency. (2002). threat to Moscow in exchange for the Sino-soviet Bloc Campaign in Latin protection of the United States of America. CIA. Retrieved from ​ America. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum ent/cia-rdp79r00890a001100110009-4 ORIENTATION AND OBJECTIVE OF THE COMMITTEE Central Intelligence Agency. (2000). Chinese Communism and Latin The committee will be focused on the America.CIA. Retrieved from ​ attempt to stop the spread of communism https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum around Latin America. This means that the ent/cia-rdp80-01445r000100180001-8 20 countries can be taken into account during the debate, but actions must be KELLY, N. (2017). EDEXCEL justified through thorough reasoning for INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9-1) HISTORY A such. The Capitalists must work together WORLD DIVIDED. PEARSON EDUCATION and stop the infiltration of communists Limited. from taking control of other states such as Cuba. This will pose a major threat to Central Intelligence Agency. (2006). Visit ​ national and subsequently international of Brazilian Communists Delegations to safety. It's recommended that actions, China, USSR and Satellites.CIA. Retrieved ​ not just military to be taken against such from commie threats. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum ent/cia-rdp80b01676r002700060010-8 SOURCES SUPPORT LINKS

It’s strongly recommended for delegates https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum to use the following link for any search of ent/cia-rdp78-00915r000600140008-2 information and should date before May 1960, any document used for hindsight Soviet Bloc Efforts at Penetration of Latin can be used, but beware, the chair and America (1958): the crisis committee will take into account https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum the originality of directives: ent/cia-rdp80b01676r004200160018-2 https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom /advanced-search-view Main Trends in Soviet Capabilities and Policies, 1958 - 1963 (1958): The Operational Pattern of International https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum Communism in Latin America 1954-1959 ent/5166d4f999326091c6a6092b (1959): https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum The International Communist Fronts in ent/cia-rdp78-00915r001000020001-7 1958 (1958): https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum International Communism Annual ent/cia-rdp78-00915r000900340003-2 Review-1958 (1958): https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum International Communism in 1965 (1959): ent/cia-rdp81-01043r003200210001-8 https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum ent/cia-rdp80-01445r000100160001-0 Communist Penetration of Latin America (1959): The USSR and the Cuban Revolution https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum (1960): ent/cia-rdp79r00890a001100120009-3 https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum ent/0000132449 Further Development of Chinese Communist Liaison with Latin America Cuba (1960): communist (1959): https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum ent/cia-rdp79r00890a001100010010-3 ent/cia-rdp78-00915r001100040015-9

Directories of the International

Communist-front Organization and

Communist Societies of Friendship and Cultural Relations (1957):