Pengembangan Game 3D Warship Operation Trikora
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Konfrontasi: 1963
BACKGROUND & MECHANICS GUIDE KONFRONTASI: 1963 2 BACKGROUND GUIDE WELCOME FROM THE DIAS Hello Delegates, My name is Yue Ting Kong, and welcome to the SSICsim 2019 JCC, Konfrontasi. Set during the Cold War in Southeast Asia, where Indonesia and the Commonwealth were in a quasi-war over the fate of the unification of Malaysia. In this committee you will encounter counter-insurgency tactics, guerrilla warfare and terrorism. However, you’ll also see the issues brought forth by the Race Riots that took place in Malaysia during its federation and the divide between communists and the non-aligned movements in Indonesia. This two-faced committee will explore an area of the world going through nationalism, decolonization and the Cold War, hoping to advance your nations by achieving a balance between political manoeuvring and military force. History has largely forgotten this conflict and its surrounding events which helped shape the world we live in today. This conflict led to the formation of the Association of Southeast Asian States (ASEAN), and fermented the independence of Malaysia in the international community. The Race Riots that occurred during the war led the independence of Singapore under Lee Kwan Yew and its evolution into a strong Asian Tiger. In Indonesia, it led to the collapse of an increasingly communist regime and the creation of a country who would become incredibly important to the non-aligned movement. A bit of background on myself, I’m a Second Year History Specialist at the University of Toronto and this will be my 7th year doing Model United Nations. Best of luck delegates and I look forward to meeting you all at the conference. -
The Grand Strategies of Middle Powers: Organizational Determinants and Constraints
Title Page The Grand Strategies of Middle Powers: Organizational Determinants and Constraints by Stephen M. Worman Bachelor of Arts, Quinnipiac University, 2005 Master of Arts, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, 2010 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2021 Committee Membership Page UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS This dissertation was presented by Stephen M. Worman It was defended on March 12, 2021 and approved by Hal Brands, PhD, Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies Michael Kenney, PhD, Professor, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh Phil Williams, PhD, Professor, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh Ryan Grauer, PhD Associate Professor, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Stephen M. Worman 2021 iii Abstract The Grand Strategies of Middle Powers: Organizational Determinants and Constraints Stephen M. Worman, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2021 What exactly is grand strategy? Is it a phenomenon that can be observed in practice, and in real time? What causes states to adopt the grand strategies they do? This dissertation tackles these questions head on, by proposing a novel theory which explains the form a state’s grand strategy might take. The “organizational determinants of grand strategy” theory posits that disparities in state and organizational-level resources (in the form of money, manpower, and elite attention) influence the form a state’s grand strategy takes, and governs the rate of change. -
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D. tr/. Atdtt SET AFIRE THE BAA{TEA/G SPIRIT ! EVER FOR$TARD, NO RETREAT! FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS PEKING D. N. Atdtt SET AFIRE THE BANTENG SPIRIT ! EVER FORSTARD, NO RETREAT ! Political Report to the. Second Plenum of the Seventh Central Committee of Communist Party of Indonesia, Enlarged with the Members of the Central Auditing Commission and the Central Control Commission (Djakarta, 23rd-26th December, 1963) FOREIGN I-ANGUAGES PRESS PEKING 1964 CONTENTS CONTTNUE FORWAED F'OR CONSISTENT LAND REFORDT. TO CRUSH 'MA.T,AYSTA" A.ND FOts THE FORMATION OF A GOTONG ROYONG CAEIhTET WITH NASA.KOM AS THE COREI o (1) FOOD AND CLOTI{ING (2) CRUSFI "NTALAYSIA" (3) CONTINUE WITH CONSTRUCTION 46 (a) 26th May, 1963 Economic Regulations 47 (b) The 1963 and 1964 State Budgets DI. (c) Economic Confrontation r,vith "Malaysia,, 52 (d) The Penetration of Imperralist Capital into Indonesia 55 (e) Back to the Dekon as the Cn15, Way to Continue with Economic Consiruction 57 II, CONTINUE TO CRUSH IIIIPERIAT,ISM AND REVI- SIONXSM! 63 (1) THE STRUGGLE TO CRUSH IMPERIALISM IS CONTINUING TO ADVANCE ON ALL FRONTS 12) IN ASIA, AFRICA AND LAIIIN AMERICA TFIERE IS A REVOLUTIONARY SITUA- TION THAT IS CONTINUOUSLY SURGING FORWARD AND RIPENIIVG 3) SOUTHEAST ASIA IS ONE OF THE CENTRAL POINTS IN TI]E REGION OF I\{AIN CON- TRADICTION 95 (4) IT WOULD BE BETTER IF TTIERE WERE NO MOSCOW TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT AT ALL 98 (5) COMNIUNIST SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE R,EALISED IF IMPERIALISM HAS BEEN WIPE.D OF'F T}IE EA,RTH 103 (O) 'I}ID INTERNATIONAL CONINTUNIST MOVE. -
“Studies of Military Sociology in the Context of Globalization and Its Contribution to the Transformation of the Indonesian National Defense Forces (Tni)”
“STUDIES OF MILITARY SOCIOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL DEFENSE FORCES (TNI)” AMARULLA OCTAVIAN Second Edition bab1-2 M&G ING_M7.indd 1 1/16/14 9:40 AM Towards a society with a superior military 2 bab1-2 M&G ING_M7.indd 2 1/13/14 9:26 PM For my precious ones: Anna, Jordy and Wildan 3 bab1-2 M&G ING_M7.indd 3 1/13/14 9:26 PM Second Edition 2012 Published by UI Press, Indonesia Copyright©2012, UIPress Editor : Deniek G. Sukarya Text Design : Taja Sukarya Graphic Design : PT. Sukarya & Sukarya Pandetama ISBN : 978-979-456-517-9 (paperback) The Military and Globalization: Studies of Military Sociology in the Context of Globalization and Its Contribution to the Transformation of the Indonesian National Defense Forces (TNI)/Amarulla Octavian All rights reserved Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. Printed in Jakarta, Indonesia 4 bab1-2 M&G ING_M7.indd 4 1/13/14 9:26 PM Table of Content Remarks from Prof. Dr. Purnomo Yusgiantoro ...................................................................6 Foreword from Dr. Iwan Gardono Sujatmiko .....................................................................8 Preface from the Writer ......................................................................................................12 -
Journal of Social and Political Sciences
Journal of Social and Political Sciences Mulyadi, and Risman, Helda. (2020), The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory. In: Journal of Social and Political Sciences, Vol.3, No.4, 1092-1099. ISSN 2615-3718 DOI: 10.31014/aior.1991.03.04.240 The online version of this article can be found at: https://www.asianinstituteofresearch.org/ Published by: The Asian Institute of Research The Journal of Social and Political Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. The Asian Institute of Research Social and Political Sciences is a peer-reviewed International Journal. The journal covers scholarly articles in the fields of Social and Political Sciences, which include, but not limited to, Anthropology, Government Studies, Political Sciences, Sociology, International Relations, Public Administration, History, Philosophy, Arts, Education, Linguistics, and Cultural Studies. As the journal is Open Access, it ensures high visibility and the increase of citations for all research articles published. The Journal of Social and Political Sciences aims to facilitate scholarly work on recent theoretical and practical aspects of Social and Political Sciences. The Asian Institute of Research Journal of Social and Political Sciences Vol.3, No.4, 2020: 1092-1099 ISSN 2615-3718 Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved DOI: 10.31014/aior.1991.03.04.240 The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory Mulyadi1, Helda Risman2 1 Total War Strategy Post Graduate Student, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia 2 Secretary of the Total War Strategy Study Program, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia Correspondence: Mulyadi, Total war strategy post graduate student, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia. -
The Role of Sukarno Rajita As a Character of Fighters Operation Trikora in West Irian in 1961-1962
THE ROLE OF SUKARNO RAJITA AS A CHARACTER OF FIGHTERS OPERATION TRIKORA IN WEST IRIAN IN 1961-1962 Yulia Herdin *, Dr. Tugiman, M.S **, Asril, M.Pd ***. Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Phone Number: 0822 8546 6259 Historical Education Study Program Department Of Social Sciences Faculty For Teacher Training And Education Riau University Abstract: Sukarno Rajita was one of the military figures of the Indonesian army of the armed forces that operation trikora in West Irian in 1961-1962. Sukarno Rajita was born in Cirebon, October 2, 1939 by parents named Rajita and Ratiah. Sukarno Rajita was the first child of seven siblings and played a role in operation trikora in West Irian. The purpose of this study was to determine the background of the life of Sukarno Rajita, to figure out the role of Sukarno Rajita as a figure in the operation of operation trikora in West Irian, to determine the values of the struggle of Sukarno Rajita as to figure out the operation of trikora operation in West Irian and to determine the performance of Sukarno Rajita from the government. Data analysis uses historical writing method that consists of different phases, namely heuristics, criticis, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study were that Sukarno Rajita followed special military training for gun commanders. Sukarno Rajita carried out the operation of trichora in 1961 in the context of the liberation of Western Irish. He was assigned as Tamtama to measure distances to measure the range of fire of an air rifle. During the operation of the trichora, Sukarno Rajita used the main weapon system (defense equipment) with the use of air defense, the cannon. -
ITU DIA This Is It, PAPUA Recovering the Identity
ITU DIA This is it, PAPUA Recovering the Identity Don Augusthinus Lamaech Flassy Papua Institute for Science and Technology/LIPTEK-Papua KSP Books http://books.ksplibrary.org http://www.ksplibrary.org ITU DIA This is it, PAPUA Recovering the Identity Don Augusthinus Lamaech Flassy KSP Books http://books.ksplibrary.org http://www.ksplibrary.org ISBN: 978-605-7736-62-8 (e-Book) KSP Books 2019 ITU DIA – This is it, PAPUA: Recovering the Identity Authors: Don Augusthinus Lamaech Flassy Papua Institute for Science and Technology/LIPTEK-Papua © KSP Books 2019 Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 IGO (CC BY-NC 4.0 IGO) License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided ADB and the original author(s) and source are credited. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for commercial use must always be obtained from KSP Books. Permissions for commercial use may be obtained through Rights Link at the Copyright Clearance Center. -
A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS by Peter Liang Tek
A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS By Peter Liang Tek Sun ii Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History At the University of Western Sydney, March, 2008 I thank my Heavenly Father in Jesus Christ very much for this great opportunity to study for the Ph.D. degree with the University of Western Sydney; and for His blessing to me that I may remain alive during the dysentery epidemic, the Second World War and during the dangerous accidents which have happened to me. I had to take a break from finishing this thesis between year 2000 and 2003 because of a heart attack after having some hard times in the Indonesian Presbyterian Church, Randwick, Sydney. Praise the Lord that I now have the strength and courage to finish it as I had hoped before. I am grateful to Elizabeth T.H. Tan, Winny, Abrams, Adela, Alvin, Caroline and Amanda for their support. May God bless them forever. iii To the memory of my beloved late parents: Father SUN SENG TJAY Mother KWA ROSE NIO Who have taken good care of me with love and sacrifice, Especially when I was suffering from Dysentery, Typhus and Eye disease. iv To my loving wife Elizabeth T.H.Tan, and my devoted sons and daughters : Abrams H. Dj. Sun Liana H.L. Sun Lucia H.L. Sun Winny H.B. Sun Loeki H.K. Sun Leo H.L. Sun Benjamin H.Tj. Sun Who all have given me moral support and are eagerly awaiting the result of my thesis. v A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS Contents Growing up in the Dutch East Indies, 1919-1942 11 Experiencing War and Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945 83 Making a Life in a Time of Revolution, 1945-1949 131 Turbulent National Politics and Personal Business 176 during the Sukarno Era, 1950-1966 Conclusion 243 Abbreviations 246 Bibliography 250 vi BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY The author was born on 2 October 1919, in Cilimus, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. -
Imitation Game: Military Institutions and Westernization in Indonesia and Japan
Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE December 2019 Imitation Game: Military Institutions and Westernization in Indonesia and Japan Evan Abelard Laksmana Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Laksmana, Evan Abelard, "Imitation Game: Military Institutions and Westernization in Indonesia and Japan" (2019). Dissertations - ALL. 1126. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/1126 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation explains why and how some militaries are better than others at emulating the organization and doctrine of foreign armed forces. I define military emulation as the changes to a pre-existing military organization resulting from an imitation of another mili- tary's structure or doctrine. The changes stem from the diffusion of military ideas from one polity to another. I call those ideas `theory of victory' and `theory of corporatism'. The former explains the next mission a military needs to fight and how to win, while the latter details how intra-military institutions and their raison d'etres are designed, maintained, and defended in their relationship with the state and society. I am interested in explaining two ideal types of military emulation: maximalist and minimalist. In a maximalist emulation, we should see the transplantation of existing theories of victory and corporatism with foreign- based ones. The rapid, expansive, and thorough adoption of those theories is the hallmark of such an emulation. -
Tanah Papua, Asia-Pacific News Blind Spots and Citizen Media from the ‘Act of Free Choice’ Betrayal to a Social Media Revolution
JOURNALISM EDUCATION IN ASIA-PACIFIC Tanah Papua, Asia-Pacific news blind spots and citizen media From the ‘Act of Free Choice’ betrayal to a social media revolution Abstract: For five decades Tanah Papua, or the West Papua half of the island of New Guinea on the intersection of Asia and the Pacific, has been a critical issue for the region with a majority of the Melanesian population supporting self-determination, and ultimately independence. While being prepared for eventual post-war independence by the Dutch colonial authorities, Indonesian paratroopers and marines invaded the territory in 1962 in an ill-fated military expedition dubbed Operation Trikora (‘People’s Triple Command’). However, this eventually led to the so-called Act of Free Choice in 1969 under the auspices of the United Nations in a sham referendum dubbed by critics as an ‘Act of No Choice’ which has been disputed ever since as a legal basis for Indonesian colonialism. A low-level insurgency waged by the OPM (Free West Papua Movement) has also continued and Jakarta maintains its control through the politics of oppression and internal migration. For more than five decades, the legacy media in New Zealand have largely ignored this issue on their doorstep, preferring to give attention to Fiji and a so-called coup culture instead. In the past five years, social media have contributed to a dramatic upsurge of global awareness about West Papua but still the New Zealand legacy media have failed to take heed. This article also briefly introduces other Asia-Pacific political -is sues—such as Kanaky, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinean university student unrest, the militarisation of the Mariana Islands and the Pacific’s Nuclear Zero lawsuit against the nine nuclear powers—ignored by a New Zealand media that has no serious tradition of independent foreign correspondence. -
The United States and the Macrosecuritisation of the “China Threat”
The United States and the Macrosecuritisation of the “China Threat” Jun Yan Chang BSSc (Hons), MSc 0000-0002-6183-2199 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2020 School of Political Science and International Studies Abstract The so-called “China Threat” theory suggests that a rising China is a threatening one, especially challenging US international leadership. However, despite significant literature examining the extent to which a rising China constitutes a security threat, very few analyses examine whether China has been represented or “constructed” as a threat. Has China been constructed as a threat by the US government itself? If it has done so, how has the rest of the international community responded to such US depictions? In order to determine the extent to which the US has represented a rising China as a threat to international security, and whether this has succeeded in the relevant audiences, this dissertation adopts a discursive approach novel to the extant literature. It does this through the Copenhagen School’s securitisation theory, which sees security as constructed when the label of “security” is applied. More specifically, through integrating the positive contributions to the study by the three key debates of securitisation theory since its introduction, as well as accounting for the macro-scale of China’s rise, this dissertation develops a post-Copenhagen macrosecuritisation theory that is more appropriate to the research questions. In examining US representations and practices using this post-Copenhagen macrosecuritisation theory, this thesis finds that from 2006-2016, the time period of this study, the US has overall consistently represented China’s rise as a security risk to the Asia-Pacific across the military, political, economic and environmental sectors, but not as a threat. -
Tapol Bulletin No, 74, March 1986
Tapol bulletin no, 74, March 1986 This is the Published version of the following publication UNSPECIFIED (1986) Tapol bulletin no, 74, March 1986. Tapol bulletin (74). pp. 1-24. ISSN 1356-1154 The publisher’s official version can be found at Note that access to this version may require subscription. Downloaded from VU Research Repository https://vuir.vu.edu.au/26234/ British Campaign for the Defence of Political Prisoners and Human Rights in Indonesia TAPOL Bulletin No. 74 Morch 1986 Buyung Nasution stripped of his right to practice? The Indonesian juditiary has intensified its attack on testify. This electrified the atmosphere in the court the country's human rights lawyers by moving to roCITl, and o policeman on guard outside entered. Buyung suspending the licence to practice · of Adrian Buyung immediately turned on the policeman, saying: 'This court Nasution becdC:ise of his powerful challenge to the court room is under the authority of the judge, not the police, during the trial of retired Gen. H.R. Dharsono. Buyung's so get out!" The policeman immediately withdrew. defence particularly angered the regime because he tried The incident.led a month -loter to Buyung being charged to expose the real cause of the 12 September 1984 Tanjung with contempt of court. Following this, the chairman of Priok demonstration, which troops fired on, killing the Jakarta District Court issued an administrative dozens of -people and wounding hundreds more. decision to suspend BuyuAg's licence to practice. The The Dhorsono trial ended on 8 January with a verdict of final decision rests with the Minister of Justice.· Buyung ten years.