Transport Economics and Other Infrastructure Working Papers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Transport Economics and Other Infrastructure Working Papers Transport Economics and Other Infrastructure Working Papers WP-TR-14 InterCity-Busverkehr in Europa Martin Becker, Alex Bohn, Christoph Gärtner, Fabian Haunerland, Marlen Kluge, Marcus Krause, Frank Krischok, Christof Künzel, Michael Mösken, Robert Moll, Frank Neumann, Ralf Rößler, Vincent Rüsike, Oliver Schönherr, Markus Siehlow, Christina Splinter und Michael Sturtz Endbericht des gleichnamigen Studienprojekts September 2008 Dresden University of Technology Chair of Energy Economics and Public Sector Management Technische Universität Dresden Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften Lehrstuhl für Energiewirtschaft und Public Sector Management Prof. Dr. Christian von Hirschhausen InterCity-Busverkehr in Europa Studienprojekt eingereicht von: Marcus Krause Alex Bohn Martin Becker Frank Krischok Christoph Gärtner Marlen Kluge Robert Moll Fabian Haunerland Ralf Rößler Frank Neumann Christof Künzel Oliver Schönherr Christina Splinter Michael Mösken Markus Siehlow Michael Sturtz Vincent Rüsike Betreuer: Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Matthias Walter Dipl.-Kffr. Maria Nieswand Marika Geißler Dresden, 15. September 2008 InterCity-Busverkehr in Europa Abstrakt Das freie Betreiben von Fernlinienbusverbindungen in Deutschland ist auf Grund des gesetzlich geregelten Vorrangs für den Bahnverkehr nicht möglich. Jedoch wird der Ruf nach einem liberalisierten Verkehrsmarkt immer lauter, da der Bus als kostengünstiges und umweltfreundliches Verkehrsmittel angesehen wird. Die Zielstellung dieser Arbeit soll es darum sein, in einem ersten Schritt die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Busses gegenüber seinen Konkurrenten monetär zu bewerten und einige der wichtigsten Trends und Entwicklungen für den Fernlinienbusverkehr aufzuzeigen. Anschließend werden die bereits liberalisierten Märkte in Großbritannien, den Vereinigten Staaten und Schweden analysiert. Zuletzt wird anhand einer Conjoint-Analyse das Marktpotenzial für einen liberalisierten Fernlinienbusmarkt in Deutschland ermittelt. Die Untersuchung spricht dafür, dass der Bus ähnlich wie in den bereits liberalisierten Ländern ein erhebliches Marktpotenzial besitzt und eine wettbewerbsfähige Alternative zu den bereits etablierten Verkehrsmitteln darstellt. 2 InterCity-Busverkehr in Europa Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstrakt................................................................................................................................................... 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis.................................................................................................................................... 3 Abbildungsverzeichnis............................................................................................................................ 6 Tabellenverzeichnis................................................................................................................................. 9 Das Wichtigste auf einer Seite .............................................................................................................. 10 1 Einleitung ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2 Ökonomische, ökologische und technologische Aspekte ............................................................. 14 2.1 Kosten des Verkehrs ............................................................................................................ 14 2.1.1 Interne Kosten ................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1.1 Kosten eines Pkw.................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1.2 Kosten der Bahn ..................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1.3 Kosten des Flugverkehrs......................................................................................... 16 2.1.1.4 Kosten des Busverkehrs.......................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 Externe Kosten des Verkehrs .......................................................................................... 21 2.1.2.1 Gesamte externe Kosten des Verkehrs ................................................................... 21 2.1.2.2 Durchschnittliche externe Kosten des Verkehrs..................................................... 24 2.1.2.3 CO2-Emissionen der einzelnen Verkehrsträger ...................................................... 25 2.1.3 Gesamte Kosten des Verkehrs......................................................................................... 26 2.2 Entwicklungen und Trends .................................................................................................. 29 2.2.1 Lenkzeiten ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.2 Demographischer Wandel ............................................................................................... 35 2.2.3 CO2-Steuer/Zertifikate..................................................................................................... 41 2.2.4 Flughafenzubringer.......................................................................................................... 46 2.3 Ergebnis der Betrachtung ökonomischer, ökologischer und technologischer Aspekte ....... 52 3 Fallstudien zur gegenwärtigen Marktcharakterisierung ................................................................ 53 3.1 Großbritannien..................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.1 Regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen .............................................................................. 53 3.1.2 Infrastruktur..................................................................................................................... 54 3.1.3 Marktstruktur...................................................................................................................55 3.1.3.1 Marktformen und Organisationsstrukturen............................................................. 55 3.1.3.2 Modal Split des Verkehrssektors ............................................................................ 58 3.1.3.3 Geschäftsmodelle.................................................................................................... 59 3.1.3.4 Der Pendlerverkehr................................................................................................. 64 3.2 Schweden............................................................................................................................. 67 3 InterCity-Busverkehr in Europa 3.2.1 Regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen .............................................................................. 67 3.2.2 Infrastruktur..................................................................................................................... 68 3.2.3 Markstruktur....................................................................................................................69 3.2.3.1 Marktformen und Organisationsstruktur ................................................................ 69 3.2.3.2 Modal Split des Verkehrssektors ............................................................................ 70 3.2.3.3 Geschäftsmodelle.................................................................................................... 72 3.2.3.4 Erfolgsfaktoren des Busverkehrs............................................................................ 74 3.3 USA ..................................................................................................................................... 75 3.3.1 Regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen für den Intercity-Busverkehr................................ 75 3.3.2 Infrastruktur..................................................................................................................... 77 3.3.3 Marktstruktur...................................................................................................................80 3.3.3.1 Marktform und Organisationsstruktur .................................................................... 80 3.3.3.2 Modal Split ............................................................................................................. 81 3.3.3.3 Geschäftsmodelle.................................................................................................... 84 3.4 Ergebnisse der Fallstudien................................................................................................... 86 4 Nachfrageuntersuchung für Deutschland ...................................................................................... 87 4.1 Zielstellung und Vorgehensweise........................................................................................ 87 4.2 Theoretische Grundlagen..................................................................................................... 87 4.2.1 Die Conjoint-Analyse...................................................................................................... 87 4.2.1.1 Überblick ................................................................................................................ 87 4.2.1.2 Wahl der Eigenschaften.......................................................................................... 89 4.2.2 Theorie der Marktanteilsprognose................................................................................... 89 4.2.2.1 First Choice Rule ...................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Long-Distance Bus Services in Europe: Concessions Or Free Market?
    JOINT TRANSPORT RESEARCH CENTRE Discussion Paper No. 2009-21 December 2009 Long-Distance Bus Services in Europe: Concessions or Free Market? Didier VAN DE VELDE Delft University of Technology, Netherlands SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 3 1. COUNTRY CASES ............................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Scope and Definitions ............................................................................................. 4 1.2 United Kingdom ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3. Sweden.................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Norway ................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Poland ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.6. Spain ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.7. Italy ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.8. France ................................................................................................................... 11 1.9. Germany ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Standing in the Shadow of the Giants
    Standing in the Shadow of the Giants Conditions for Entry and Survival of Small Businesses on the Deregulated Bus and Railway Markets in Sweden Lena Nordenlöw* & Gunnar Alexandersson Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden Abstract Since the late 1980s, the entry barriers for new bus and railway companies have gradually been reduced in Sweden. In this paper the effects of these changes upon small businesses are analysed with the help of a couple of case study firms. Four parts of the transportation sector are considered: local and regional bus services, long-distance bus services, regional train services and inter-regional train services. Although offering different basic conditions for entry, new as well as old small businesses have often faced a common problem on each of these markets: having to compete with a giant former monopolist or oligopolists, or being dependent on some of its/their factors of production. Although several firms have been forced out of the markets, a number of them have managed to survive and grow. In this paper it is argued that there are a few key factors that govern a small firm’s success or failure. Introduction Deregulations often aim at lowering entry and mobility barriers of an industry and thereby stimulating new firms to enter and new as well as old companies to grow. Swedish deregulations in the transport sector have seldom been carried out with this as the primary goal, and therefore the term ”regulatory changes” may sometimes better characterise what has been going on. Nevertheless, over the years and to a large extent following from these changes, competition has become an increasingly important feature of the Swedish transport sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweden Travel Guide
    Sweden Travel Guide Orebro Castle in the autumn sunny day, Sweden Sweden is located in Northern Europe. Stockholm is the capital city of the country. Sweden shares its borders with Finland, Norway, and the Baltic Sea. Swedish is the official language of Sweden. The country is divided into twenty- one counties. Along with Swedish, English is also widely spoken in Sweden. Sweden is a member of the European Union since 1995. Sweden can be visited during both the summer and winter months. Remember to pack some good winter clothes, if you are going to Sweden during winter. The standard of living in the country is high and Sweden is an expensive country to visit. Sweden is a major exporter of articles like timber, copper, iron, etc. Some of the important international airports of Sweden are: Stockholm Arlanda, Göteborg Landvetter, and Copenhagen Kastrup. If you are in any of the neighboring countries like Denmark, Norway, Germany, or France, then you can reach Sweden by train. You can also reach Sweden by boat. Though Sweden is a big country, traveling by plane is an expensive affair, and it is better to travel by train or bus. Some of the tourist attractions in Sweden: Lapland wilderness Gripsholm Castle Skokloster Slott Castle Sareks National Park The Swedish Museum of Natural History The Kingdom of Crystal The Nordic Museum Getting In The different modes of transportation for reaching Sweden include plane, train, bus and boat. Plane Airways is perhaps the most comfortable way of reaching the country. The major international airport of Sweden is the Stockholm-Arlanda International Airport.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future for Interurban Passenger Transport
    The future for interurban passenger transport M a d r i d Bringing citizens closer together 1 8 t h International Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy The future for interurban passenger transport Bringing citizens closer together Economic growth, trade and the concentration of population in large cities will intensify demand for interurban transport services. Concurrently, the need to manage environmental impacts effectively will increase. How successful we are in coping with demand will depend on our ability to innovate, to manage congestion, and The future to improve the quality of transport services. Technological and regulatory innovation will shape the future of transport. The Symposium brought together leading transport researchers from for interurban around the world to explore the future for interurban passenger transport. A first set of papers investigates what drives demand for interurban passenger transport and infers how it may evolve in the passenger future. The remaining papers investigate transport policy issues that emerge as key challenges: when to invest in high-speed rail, how to regulate to ensure efficient operation, how to assign infrastructure to transport different types of users, and how to control transport’s environmental footprint by managing modal split and improving modal performance. Bringing citizens closer together www.internationaltransportforum.org www.oecd.org/publishing -:HSTCSC=VUW[Z\: (74 2010 02 1 P) ISBN 978-92-821-0265-7 2010 18th International Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy 16-18 November 2009 MADRID The future for interurban passenger transport Bringing citizens closer together ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation.
    [Show full text]
  • NOBINA AB Investor Presentation, Interim Report March 2018 – May 2018
    NOBINA AB Investor presentation, Interim report March 2018 – May 2018 1 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW Q1¹ NET SALES EBIT EBT CASH FLOW SEK million SEK million SEK million SEK million 2,361 104 72 -74 (2,205) (95) (58) (-60) Q1 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS . Net sales grew 7.1% mainly supported by increased revenue in existing contracts, extra traffic and currency effects. Underlying growth, adjusted for currency effects, was 4.2% . EBT increased to SEK 72 million due to performance improvements in existing contracts as well as added business outside the contracts continuing to have positive impact on EBT. Results were negatively impacted compared to last year by the ended metro replacement traffic in Helsinki . Cash flow from operations before changes in working capital was SEK 275 million (229) . Investments of SEK 72 million (213) in buses and other equipment 1) The financial information in this presentation refers to continuing operations since the divested Swebus Express AB is recognised in accordance with IFRS 5 and is thus excluded 2 Nobina investor presentation, Q1, 18/19 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN Q1 . Extension of two contracts with Ruter in Oslo comprising a total of 92 scheduled buses including investment in 20 electric articulated buses. The total value of the extensions is estimated at approximately NOK 800 million. New traffic contract with Ruter in Romerike in the north of Oslo, comprising 141 buses, of which 22 are electric buses, with a contract value of around NOK 2.7 billion and a contract length of eight years. Being awarded by Sörmlandstrafiken to operate 145 buses, for the second time in a row, with a contract value of around SEK 2.6 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Transport Economics Working Papers
    Transport Economics Working Papers WP-TR-16 Heavily Regulated, but Promising Prospects: Entry in the German Express Coach Market Matthias Walter, Fabian Haunerland and Robert Moll April 2009 Submission to: Transport Policy Dresden University of Technology Chair of Energy Economics and Public Sector Management Manuscript Click here to view linked References Heavily Regulated, but Promising Prospects: Entry in the German Express Coach Market Matthias Walter,∗ Fabian Haunerland† and Robert Moll‡ April 7, 2009 Submission to Transport Policy Abstract Express coach services in Germany have long been heavily restricted by regulation, although offerings comparable to countries like, for example, Great Britain or Sweden bear substantial opportunities for competition, the environment, and mobility. In this paper, we motivate market entry in the German express coach market for local public and integrated transport companies by high profitability rates in other countries and the availability of bus facilities and skills. This is followed by the evaluation of supply and demand. Supply is represented by an analysis of external and internal costs showing that express coaches have significant cost advantages that are intensified by the possible internalization of external costs. Demand is represented by a survey of customers that is evaluated with a conjoint analysis. Our results suggest a market share for express coach services in Germany of at least 5.3%. Keywords: Express Coach, Market Entry, Demand, Public Transport, Regulation, Conjoint Analysis ∗Corresponding author. Address: Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Business and Economics, Chair of Energy Economics and Public Sector Management, 01062 Dresden, Germany. Phone: +49-(0)351-463-39762, fax: +49-(0)351-463-39763, email: [email protected] †Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTHWEST SWEDEN •• Orientation & Information 199
    © Lonely Planet Publications 198 www.lonelyplanet.com SOUTHWEST SWEDEN •• Orientation & Information 199 0 100 km SOUTHWEST SWEDEN 0 60 miles Southwest Sweden S V E A L A N D NORWAY Vänern 64 E20 ὈTresticklan National Stora Le Göta Stone Ship Park Åmål Ekenäs Settings Baldersnås The southwest is Sweden in a nutshell. For big-city living, gorgeous green Göteborg (or D A L S L A N D Herrgärd C North Strömstad a Dals-Ed n Koster a Gothenburg in English) offers all the restaurants, culture and theme-park screams you could Mariestad Skee Kyrka Håverud l need. Take advantage of the excellent summer pass and explore every facet of the city for Motala South E6 172 Mellerud Läckö Slott Viken Koster E20 Karlsborg next to nothing. Tanumshede Vadstena Ὀ 45 B O H U S L Ä N Lidköping Skänninge The rest of the Västergötland region contains a funny old mixture of surprising sights: Fjällbacka Väversunda Skara Munkedal 49 Omberg Mjölby Nordens Skövde (204m) don’t miss Trollhättan, Sweden’s film-production capital; Läckö Slott, fairytale castle supreme; Ark Uddevalla Rökstenar Smögen Vänersborg Ekorna- and the quiet delights of the Göta Canal, which threads its way across the region. Herrestad Grästorp vallen Vättern Lysekil Trollhättan Fiskebäckskil 47 S Facing westwards onto the ocean, the beautiful Bohuslän coastline is a favourite Swedish Ljungskile E20 Falköping Visingsö Orust holiday destination. With its myriad islands, tiny fishing villages and mysterious Bronze Age V Ä S T E R G Ö T L A N D Lilla Edet 47 Åsarp 48 rock carvings, it manages to retain an enigmatic air in spite of all its adoring visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014-12-05 State V7 in US Securities and Exchange Commission
    Registerutdrag för Datum för registerutdragen: 2014-12-05 State V7 in U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Address from http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar? action=getcompany&CIK=0000225913&owner=exclude&count=40&hidefilings=0 : Companies for State V7, from the two links http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&State=V7&owner=include&count=100 , http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar? action=getcompany&State=V7&owner=include&match=&start=100&count=100&hidefilings=0 : Items 1 - 100 CIK Company State/Country 0001328839 AB Odnia V7 0001588952 Adelis Equity Partners Fund I, AB V7 0001578716 AFA Sjukfoersaekringsaktiebolag V7 0001585136 AFA Trygghetsfoersaekringsaktiebolag V7 0000813810 AKTIEBOLAGET ELECTROLUX V7 SIC: 3630 - HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 0000753762 AKTIEBOLAGET VOLVO \PUBL\ V7 SIC: 3711 - MOTOR VEHICLES & PASSENGER CAR BODIES 0001484429 Alecta Pensionsforsakring, Omsesidigt V7 0000863344 ALFA LAVAL AB /FI V7 SIC: 8880 - UNKNOWN SIC - 8880 0001144397 ALFA LAVAL CREDIT FINANCE AB V7 SIC: 3433 - HEATING EQUIPMENT, EXCEPT ELECTRIC & WARM AIR FURNACES 0001144396 ALFA LAVAL SPECIAL FINANCE AB V7 SIC: 3433 - HEATING EQUIPMENT, EXCEPT ELECTRIC & WARM AIR FURNACES 0001599737 Alfred Berg Kapitalforvaltning AB V7 0001291821 Alpus AB V7 0001612313 ALTR Fund IV (No. 1) AB V7 0001612311 ALTR Fund IV (No. 2) AB V7 0001553562 AMF Pensionsforsakring AB V7 0001535452 Andra AP-fonden V7 0001536725 Archipel Asset Management AB V7 0001505186 Artimplant AB V7 0001253493 ASSA ABLOY AB V7 0000928966 ASTRAZENECA AB V7 0000799984 ATLAS
    [Show full text]
  • De Avreglerade Marknaderna För Långväga Kollektiva Persontransporter I Sverige Och Järnvägens Rullande Materiel
    De avreglerade marknaderna för långväga kollektiva persontransporter i Sverige och järnvägens rullande materiel Staffan Hultén Gunnar Alexandersson Lena Nordenlöw Slutrapport, 13 september 1999 Innehåll Förord 3 Delrapport 1: De avreglerade marknaderna för långväga kollektiva persontransporter i Sverige 4 Inledning 5 Järnvägen 6 Långväga buss 34 Inrikesflyget 57 Sammanfattande strukturekonomisk analys 92 Källor 100 Delrapport 2: Rullande materiel på en avreglerad järnvägsmarknad 105 Inledning 106 Rullande materiel för persontrafik 106 Rullande materiel för godstrafik 126 Källor 143 Bilagor 144 2 Förord Denna rapport är skriven på uppdrag av SIKA (Statens Institut för Kommunikations- analys), men vid sidan om SIKA har även Banverket och Vägverket varit medfinansiärer. Administrationen har skötts av MTC - Stiftelsen Marknadstekniskt Centrum Rapporten är uppdelad i två delar. Den första delen behandlar de avreglerade marknaderna för långväga persontrafik i Sverige: järnvägen, den långväga busstrafiken samt inrikesflyget. Författare till denna delrapport är Staffan Hultén, Gunnar Alexandersson och Lena Nordenlöw. Den andra delrapporten utgör en studie av marknaden för järnvägens rullande materiel, med avseende på såväl persontrafik som godstrafik. Denna delrapport är författad av Staffan Hultén och Gunnar Alexandersson. Vi vill tacka alla de aktörer i de olika branscherna som via intervjuer samt tillhanda- hållande av skriftligt material bidragit med värdefull information. Särskilda tack riktas till Martin Sandberg, SIKA, för att han gav oss tillgång till SIKAs samling av tidtabeller från buss- och flygbolag, civ. ek. Henrik Schütz för hjälp med datainsamling och givande diskussioner, samt stud. Markus Blidh, för hjälp med information om tågoperatörernas vagnpark. 3 Delrapport 1: De avreglerade marknaderna för långväga kollektiva persontransporter i Sverige 4 Inledning Rapporten behandlar de tre viktigaste delmarknaderna för långväga kollektiva person- transporter i Sverige - järnvägstrafiken, den långväga busstrafiken samt inrikesflyget.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REVIEW 1999 UK Bus
    ANNUAL REVIEW 1999 UK Bus Bluebird East Midlands Cheltenham & East London Fife Manchester Gloucester Selkent Western Cumberland Midland Red South Busways Ribble Oxford East Kent Transit Red & White United Counties Devon Cambus Overseas Bus Swebus Australia Citybus Portugal New Zealand Finland Rail South West Trains Island Line Supertram Stagecoach Holdings plc Rolling Stock Porterbrook Aviation Glasgow Prestwick International Airport Strategic Investments Road King (China) Virgin Rail Group Financial calendar Contents Annual General Meeting 3 September 1999 Financial calendar IFC Auditors' statement 31 Final dividend 14 October 1999 Financial highlights 1 Summary profit and loss account 32 Interim report December 1999 Chairman's statement 2-3 Summary balance sheet 33 Interim dividend March 2000 Chief executive's review 4-28 Summary cash flow statement 34 Board of Directors 29 Five year financial summary 35 Summary financial statement 30 Shareholder information 36 Summary directors' report 30 Advisers IBC Stagecoach aims to provide long-term shareholder value by creating a global transport business, focused on innovation and quality, which benefits both our customers and employees. Financial highlights 4 Total turnover »1,548.4 million, up 15% 4 Total operating profit of »274.7 million, up 27% 4 Profit before tax of »219.9 million, up 39%* 4 Basic earnings per share of 12p, up 26% 4 Adjusted earnings per share of 12.7p, up 32%* 4 Final proposed dividend for the year of 2.0p 4 Total dividend for the year of 3.0p (net), up 25% 4 Free cash flow of »279.8 million 4 Capital investment of »263.1 million *before goodwill amortisation and exceptional items Turnover Profit before tax Earnings per share in » million in » million in pence Chairman's statement I am pleased to report another year of excellent progress.
    [Show full text]
  • Cas Pratique Avec Une Mise En Situation À Partir D'un Dossier Documentaire Remis Au Candidat Pouvant Comporter Des Graphiques Ainsi Que Des Données Chiffrées
    MINISTÈRE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT MINISTÈRE DU LOGEMENT DE L’ÉNERGIE ET DE LA MER ET DE L’HABITAT DURABLE CONCOURS EXTERNE ET INTERNE DE RECRUTEMENT DE SECRÉTAIRES D’ADMINISTRATION ET DE CONTRÔLE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE DE CLASSE SUPÉRIEURE Spécialité contrôle des transports terrestres SESSION 2016 ÉPREUVE N° 1 Épreuve de cas pratique avec une mise en situation à partir d'un dossier documentaire remis au candidat pouvant comporter des graphiques ainsi que des données chiffrées. Le dossier relève d'une problématique relative aux politiques publiques et comporte plusieurs questions. (durée : trois heures ; coefficient 2) SUJET : Vous êtes affecté(e) à l’unité des contrôles des transports routiers de la Direction Régionale de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement de Bretagne. Dans la perspective d’une réunion avec sa direction, votre chef de service vous demande de lui préparer une note détaillée sur la libéralisation du transport routier de voyageurs à l’aide des documents joints :. 1) Présenter le contexte européen. Dresser un état des lieux avant la mise en place de la loi pour la croissance, l’activité et l’égalité des chances économiques 2) Exposer les objectifs et les changements liés à l’application de cette loi. 3) Expliquer les conditions à respecter pour les véhicules affectés à des services régionaux interurbains librement organisés. Quels sont les risques encourus en cas de non respect de ces conditions ? 4) Décrire le rôle et les missions de l’Autorité de régulation des activités ferroviaires et routières dans ce contexte.
    [Show full text]
  • Swebus Express Fortsätter Köra Till Och Från Skåne Efter Den 15 Juli
    2008-07-14 07:00 CEST Swebus Express fortsätter köra till och från Skåne efter den 15 juli Swebus Express bussar kommer att fortsätta med sin ordinarie trafik till och från Skåne även från och med tisdagen den 15 juli då Swebus AB:s och annan länstrafik riskerar att stanna av på grund av Kommunals strejkvarsel. Men för Swebus Express gäller inte varslet förrän den 18 juli. Dessutom är vissa turer helt undantagna från strejkvarslet. Turer från Malmö, Lund, Helsingborg, Kristianstad, Hässleholm och Örkelljunga kommer att fortsätta trafikeras med Swebus Express även från och med den 15 juli. Det är först den 18 juli som Kommunals hot om strejk komma att drabba Swebus Express bussar, om ingen överenskommelse nåtts. Följande linjer till och från Skåne fortsätter att gå som vanligt mellan den 15 juli och fram till midnatt natten mot fredagen den 18 juli: - Linje 834 Kalmar - Malmö, med stopp i Karlskrona, Ronneby, Karlshamn, Kristianstad och Lund. Turer går alla dagar i veckan. - Linje 851 Halmstad - Karlskrona, med stopp i Markaryd, Hässleholm och Kristianstad. Turer går fredagar och söndagar. - Linje 832 Stockholm - Köpenhamn, med stopp i Nyköping, Norrköping, Linköping, Ödeshög, Jönköping, Värnamo, Ljungby, Markaryd, Örkelljunga, Helsingborg, Lund och Malmö. Turer flera gånger dagligen. - Linje 820 Köpenhamn - Oslo, med stopp i Malmö, Lund, Helsingborg, Halmstad, Göteborg, Uddevalla och Strömstad. Turer flera gånger dagligen. Vissa bussturer påverkas inte alls av strejkvarslet även efter den 18 juli, på grund av att turerna körs på entreprenad
    [Show full text]