Young People's Everyday Lives in the City

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Young People's Everyday Lives in the City 2017 DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES AND GEOGRAPHY This study, positioned in the fields of humanistic geography and young people’s geographies, deals with young people’s personal place experiences in the city. Earlier research findings indicate that adults define and restrict young people’s places in urban space. According to the results, socio-spatial tensions that typically arise between adults and young people no longer influence the construction of place experiences among people in their late youth. The material sheds light on the lives of individuals who experientially live between their childhood and adulthood places, and actively construct new personal places in their everyday environments in the process of growing up. A52 DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES AND GEOGRAPHY A52 Department of Geosciences and Geography A52 PONTO HELI ISSN-L 1798-7911 ISSN 1798-7911 (print) ISBN 978-951-51-2927-7 (paperback) Young people’s everyday lives in the ISBN 978-951-51-2928-4 (pdf) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi city: living and experiencing daily places Painosalama Oy Turku 2017 HELI PONTO Young people’s everyday lives in the city Living and experiencing daily places HELI PONTO ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Science of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in the Auditorium XV of the Main Building of the University of Helsinki on August 18th, 2017 at 12 o’clock. DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES AND GEOGRAPHY A52 / HELSINKI 2017 Author’s address: Heli Ponto Department of Geosciences and Geography P.O. Box 64 00014 University of Helsinki Finland [email protected] Supervisors: Professor Mari Vaattovaara Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki Professor Sirpa Tani Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Pre-examiners: Docent Anna-Kaisa Kuusisto-Arponen University of Tampere Docent Leena Suurpää Finnish Youth Research Society Opponent: Docent Jani Vuolteenaho University of Turku Figures: By author, unless otherwise stated. Cover photo: Antti Lukkarila Publisher: Department of Geosciences and Geography P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland¨ ISSN-L 1798-7911 ISSN 1798-7911 (print) ISBN 978-951-51-2927-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-2928-4 (pdf) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi Painosalama Oy Turku 2017 Ponto, H. (2017). Young people’s everyday lives in the city: living and experiencing daily places. Department of Geosciences and Geography A52 Tiivistelmä Tämä humanistiseen ja nuoruuden maantietee- aikuisina” erilaisissa paikoissa. Nuoret kokivat seen pohjaava tutkimus käsittelee nuorten paikka- lapsuuden paikat tärkeiksi muistoiksi, mutta ne kokemuksia kaupunkiympäristössä. Tarkastelen eivät olleet enää keskeisiä paikkoja arjessa. Niil- paikkaa yksilölle ainutlaatuisena kokemuksena lä oli silti tärkeä rooli, sillä ristiriitaisetkin koke- henkilökohtaisten paikkasuhteiden sekä kuulu- mukset uusista aikuisuuden paikoista tuntuivat misen ja kuulumattomuuden näkökulmasta. Ym- helpommilta, mikäli muistot tutuista lapsuuden märrän paikan myös sosiaalisten kohtaamisten paikoista muodostivat kokemuksellisen yhtey- myötä rakentuvana ja jaettuna kokemuksena. den aikuisuuden paikkojen kanssa. Väitän, et- Tutkimukseni kytkeytyy lisäksi mobiliteettitut- tä nuoret elävät kokemuksellisesti lapsuuden ja kimukseen, johon nojaan erityisesti tarkastelles- aikuisuuden paikkojen välissä, jossa he raken- sani paikkaa arkisen liikkumisen ja sen muo- tavat aktiivisesti uusia henkilökohtaisia paikka- dostamien henkilökohtaisten verkostojen näkö- sidoksia arjen ympäristöön aikuiseksi kasvami- kulmasta. Tutkimuksen osallistujat olivat luki- sen kontekstissa. olaisia pääkaupunkiseudulta. Osallistavilla me- Tutkimukseni nuoret korostivat ystävien netelmillä kerätty aineisto koostuu liikkuvista merkitystä kuulumisen tunteiden rakentumises- haastatteluista, valokuvista, GPS-tallenteista ja sa. Ystävyksillä oli yksityisiä ”meidän” paikkoja, kirjoitustehtävistä. mutta myös avoimempia paikkoja, joihin ”muut” Aikaisemmat tutkimukset osoittavat aikuis- olivat tervetulleita. Kohtaamiset ”muiden” kans- ten määrittävän ja rajoittavan nuorten paikkoja sa olivat helpompia ystävien kanssa. Toisinaan kaupunkitilassa. Nuorten kuulumisen ja kuulu- sosiaalisten kohtaamisten myötä rakentuvat ul- mattomuuden kokemusten on havaittu olevan kopuolisuuden kokemukset olivat voimakkaita vahvasti sidoksissa myös muihin arjen merki- ystävistä huolimatta, etenkin jos nuoret jakoivat tyksellisiin sosiaalisiin kohtaamisiin. Mobili- ulkopuolisuuden tunteen. Mikäli nuorella oli kui- teettitutkimuksen traditiossa arkinen liikkumi- tenkin taitoja ja resursseja käsitellä kohtaamis- nen nähdään usein kehollisena ja rutiininomai- kokemuksia ja sietää erilaisia ihmisiä arjen pai- sena käytäntönä, ja liikkumismahdollisuuksien koissa, hänen kuulumisen kokemuksensa paik- on havaittu olevan yhteydessä nuorten itsenäis- kaan säilyi. tymiskokemuksiin. Tutkimukseni osoittaa (inter)subjektiivisten Tutkimukseni nuorten mukaan sosio-tilalli- paikkojen merkitysten rakentumisen olevan tii- set jännitteet aikuisten ja nuorten välillä eivät viissä yhteydessä arkiseen liikkumiseen. Nuo- enää hallinneet heidän paikkakokemustensa ra- ret kuvasivat arjen liikkumisen rakentavan ko- kentumista. Lapsuudesta tuttujen paikkojen, esi- kemuksellisia ja kehollisia yhteyksiä heidän ja merkiksi hengailun paikkojen, merkitykset oli- paikkojen välille. Lisäksi se oli nuorten tapa olla vat muuttuneet, koska nuoret kohdattiin ”lähes ja elää kaupungissa sekä toteuttaa uutta aikui- 3 DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES AND GEOGRAPHY A 52 suuttaan. Nuorten mukaan heillä oli paljon va- on tärkeä oppia tunnistamaan kokemuksellisia pautta arkisen, kehollisen liikkumisen suhteen. sidoksiaan ja selviämään katkeamista paikkojen Heidän liikkumistaan säätelivät heikot julkiset ja itsensä välillä. Nuorten kohdalla tätä tavoitetta liikenneyhteydet sekä ajokortin ja -neuvon puute, edistävät paikat, jotka tukevat heidän arkista toi- eivät niinkään vanhempien asettamat rajoitukset. mintavaltaansa, koska näin he voivat aktiivises- Arjen paikat muodostavat merkityksellisten ti vaikuttaa yhteyksiin heidän ja arjen paikkojen paikkojen verkostoja ja koettuja yhteyksiä ja kat- välillä sekä kuulumisen tunteisiinsa. keamia paikkojen ja ihmisten välillä, jossa (inter) subjektiivinen merkityksenanto kietoutuu arki- seen liikkumiseen. Koska koetut katkeamat ai- Avainsanat: paikkakokemukset, paikka, nuoret, heuttivat ulkopuolisuuden kokemuksia, nuorten arki, kaupunkitila 4 Ponto, H. (2017). Young people’s everyday lives in the city: living and experiencing daily places. Department of Geosciences and Geography A52 Abstract This study, positioned in the fields of humanis- adults’ in different places. Childhood places still tic geography and young people’s geographies, evoked strong memories, but were no longer at deals with young people’s place experiences in the centre of daily life. They still had a signifi- the city. I consider such experiences subjec- cant bridge-building role in reconciling memo- tive, and study place from the perspective of ries of familiar childhood places with contradic- personal relations and experienced insideness tory experiences of new adulthood places. Thus, and outsideness. I also understand place as an I claim that young people are experientially liv- intersubjective experience comprising social ing between their childhood and adulthood plac- encounters. My research contributes to the lit- es, actively constructing new personal places in erature on mobility, specifically in examining their everyday environments in the process of place from the perspective of daily mobility growing up. and personal networks. The participants were The young people emphasised the impor- young people in upper-secondary education in tance of friends in fostering feelings of insideness the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. The re- with place. Groups of friends had their private search material consists of go-along interviews, ‘our’ places, but also more open places in which photographs, GPS recordings and independent ‘they’ were welcome. Meetings with ‘them’ were assignments, gathered in accordance with par- easier if friends were present. Social encounters ticipatory methods. sometimes evoked strong feelings of outsideness Earlier research findings indicate that adults despite the presence of friends, however, espe- define and restrict young people’s places in ur- cially if such feelings were shared. Nevertheless, ban space, and that their experiences of inside- those who had the skills and resources to handle ness and outsideness are strongly related to oth- experiences related to encounters with different er meaningful social encounters. Daily mobility people in their daily places seemed to retain their also tends to be perceived as a bodily and rou- feelings of insideness. tine practice, whereas mobility opportunities are My findings reveal that the construction of connected to young people’s experienced inde- (inter)subjective meanings of places is tightly in- pendence. tertwined with daily mobility. The young people According to the participants, socio-spatial described how daily moving structured the ex- tensions that typically arise between adults and periential and bodily connections between them young people no longer influenced the construc- and their places, supporting their way of living tion of their place experiences. The meanings of and being in the city and enabling them to prac- familiar childhood places, used for activities such tise new adulthood. They had
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