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This Interview Is a Project of the Ozark Heritage Institute and the Oral History Office of the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas

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This Interview Is a Project of the Ozark Heritage Institute and the Oral History Office of the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas [This interview is a project of the Ozark Heritage Institute and the Oral History Office of the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas. The interviewer is Sondra Gordy. The interviewee is Betty Summerville. The date of the interview is January 16, 1996.] G:I've already explained that I'm interviewing you on January 16, [1996] in your home in Little Rock at 1900 Marshall and I wondered if you would mind telling us where you were born and where your home was. S:Okay I was born in Conway, Arkansas where you're teaching now. [laughter] G:And your maiden name was Gatewood. S:Right my maiden name was Gatewood. Betty Jane Gatewood and I attended school there through twelfth grade and that was my home all during the time I was born and growing up. Is that enough? G:That's fine. You can tell me some more if you want. S:Alright. After that I left, oh I believe it was in 1965***[19]46, excuse me and came to Little Rock to attend Philander Smith College, which I did. I spent three years at Philander Smith College and received my Bachelor of Science Degree, I believe it was. It's been a long time. G:[laughter] I know. S:After that now during the time I was in school here, my second year, my sophomore year my husband and I***I had met my 1 Summerville husband during the first year, fell in love. G:Immediately, of course. S:And the second year we married and four months later we conceived a child, a baby, and after conception of the baby I attended for the rest of that year. Then I dropped out for a year to have my baby. Came back to school and stayed another year or two, conceived again the second child and after I dropped out after that year was up and I stayed home with my mother and my husband was still in school here. So I came back later on. He graduated from college in 1949 and I finally graduated in the summer of 1951. So after that/ G:With two children. S:With two children, that's true, very, very, busy too. So Mike worked in Wynne, Arkansas. The first job was there and I stayed home with my parents there in Conway until he could come and visit with me because I didn't work and it was very difficult for him to take care of us there and Seth too so my mother and father were always happy to have us home. And well after that Mike worked in Wynne for a couple of years, I believe and***it's been a long time it's hard to remember the very little intricacies but I'm trying to stay on the surface anyway. But/ G:When did you start at Horace Mann, do you remember? S:I'm getting to that yes. But that's what you want isn't it? 2 Summerville G:Right. S:Anyway well we went on to Fort Smith and he worked there and S:he stayed there for about three or four years--three years I think. Then came back and at that point somewhere during that time I came to Little Rock looking for a job. I worked at Menifee, Arkansas for about two years and after that time I was looking for something bigger. So we came to Little Rock again and that was in 1955 I think and I went over and talked with Dr. [LeRoy] Christophe, who was the principal of Dunbar and later at Horace Mann. And I started work at Dunbar Junior High School, which was the high school also at that time. And Horace Mann was being built. After they needed a school nurse, the school nurse whom they had was about to leave. And I was right on time. So when I started there I just fell in love with it. I started as school nurse and I had to teach health to ninth graders for about two years I believe. Then we moved into Horace Mann. At that time I was part-time school nurse at Dunbar, mornings; part- time Horace Mann, afternoons. So that's why I was telling you that some of the information I wouldn't be able to give you. I don't know that much. G:Right, right. But that still you were there and you have some memories of it. So even though you weren't a classroom teacher during the Lost Year you were being a nurse or you 3 Summerville were assigned to be a nurse at two different schools, right? S:That's true. Plus I, during that particular year, I think one entire semester I was doing them both and then I left Dunbar S:and went full-time at Horace Mann during the second part of the Lost Year. And I had to work on the records there in the health room and also when the football, I believe football students, we were just, you know, doing what we could to make it seem as if it were a regular school year when it really wasn't. And I went to elementary schools, talked to children, the little elementary children about health, how to brush their teeth and things like that. And did hearing tests for them at the school and also I think I did eye exams and things like that. So I was very busy during that time even though we did close. G:Okay let me see if I am understanding you correctly. When you came to Little Rock you worked at Dunbar totally teaching health and being a nurse. When Horace Mann opened, which to my recollection and from my reading, opened for the first year in [19]55-[19]56. If that's a Bearcat Annual or student yearbook***see the problem is the Bearcat is for Dunbar and it's also for Horace Mann. So that's where my problem is. S:So you're probably right then because you're talking/ G:See if it says Dunbar or if that says Horace Mann. S:Horace Mann. 4 Summerville G:Okay so then [19]57***the problem is when they say [19]56 I don't know if that's [19]56-57 or if that's/ S:It's [19]56-57. Yes, I remember that. G:Okay. So when they only put one number on the front I'm not G:really sure. They often times put just the spring. S:I see what you're saying. [19]55-56. So this [19]56*** G:Would be [19]55-56. S:You're probably right then. Because I really don't remember. But I do know they had a Horace Mann***I mean could be that's when they opened. G:Well I knew they were trying to build Hall High School and Horace Mann about the same time and that they were trying to occupy those about the same time. S:Okay so this is Horace Mann and ***[reading to herself out of yearbook] G:Okay so you must have gotten in there that year. S:Yes. We got in there during that time it seems but I don't remember. So you might***if Maud said then it's right. G:Alright. We can trust Maud Woods. S:Yes. G:Well she's great. Well I know since you weren't an actual classroom teacher your answers are going to be different than some of the teachers but that's fine because you give me a feel for what was going on in the building and what the 5 Summerville atmosphere was like. So I wonder if***now we're talking about the year after Little Rock Central had the "Little Rock Nine". That year finished. The next year the Arkansas Legislature in August voted a lot of power to Governor [Orval] Faubus and in September Governor Faubus closed all four Little Rock High G:Schools: Horace Mann, Little Rock Central, Little Rock Hall, and Little Rock Technical. And so what I want to ask about that year, [19]58-59, is for you to describe your activities on a typical school day during the Lost Year. Now is that the year you think you were at Dunbar one semester and at Mann the second? Or do you recall? S:Part of that year, yes. Part of that year I was at Mann, a half year, and the other part I was at Dunbar. I think it was***I might have been there that entire year. It's so hard to remember which year because I was there before and after. But at some time during that year I know full time***maybe that was in that entire year. Oh it was because I was being***it was because I was there full time. Because I had to be paid at that time for one school, you know, for my participation in one school. When I was hired I was hired to go to Horace Mann after it opened. I was really a teacher for Horace Mann, school nurse for Horace Mann. But since we were Dunbar, Horace Mann hadn't moved over to Horace Mann at 6 Summerville that time because the building wasn't completed. So then I continued working with Dunbar until they could get a nurse and then I went on over to Horace Mann and that must have been during the Lost School Year.
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