DOCSLIB.ORG

Civil Rights, Guide to Studies Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A Guide To Historical Holdings In the Eisenhower Library A Guide to Civil Rights Studies Compiled by Barbara Constable and Linda K. Smith Revised by Barbara Constable (12/03) (Library staff made additional revisions 9/04, 5/05, 4/08) INTRODUCTION The decade of the 1950s was an era of significant advances in the movement for racial equality for black Americans. It was the time of desegregation of the United States armed forces, desegregation of Washington, D.C., Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, and the Little Rock, Arkansas school integration crisis. This guide presents a survey of historical materials in the Eisenhower Library that relate to the civil rights movement of the late 1940s and the 1950s. Files documenting African-American experiences during World War II are also included as are collections containing information on civil rights during the 1960s and 1970s. The guide explores the extensive research potential for civil rights topics at the Eisenhower Library. It is not a complete and comprehensive account, but rather a survey of manuscript collections with high research potential, manuscript collections of lesser importance, oral history transcripts, and audiovisual materials. The guide should not be considered definitive, as the search for pertinent materials was conducted primarily at the folder title level and not for individual documents. There are, no doubt, additional references to civil rights topics in the papers of the Eisenhower Library, but locating them will require a visit to the Library and an intensive search by the researcher. A complete list of holdings is available upon request. Copies of finding aids for individual collections are also available through interlibrary loan. Persons who wish to use material held in the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library are required to submit an application form stating the scope and purpose of their research. Advance application to the Director facilitates the processing of the request and allows staff archivists time to prepare materials for the research visit. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY Abilene, Kansas 67410 September 2004 MAJOR COLLECTIONS: Students of the civil rights movement during the Eisenhower Administration can find two very valuable sources of documentation in Dwight D. Eisenhower's Papers as President, 1953-61 (Ann Whitman File), and his Records as President, White House Central Files, 1953-61. These two collections contain a variety and a depth of coverage on civil rights topics which can be found in no other collections at the Library. Reflecting President Eisenhower's personal thoughts, as well as private meetings and discussions with staff advisers, the Eisenhower Presidential Papers is the richest historical collection in the Eisenhower Library. The DDE Diary Series is an important body of material for students of civil rights. The series contains diary entries and dictated correspondence which reveal the President's thinking on civil rights topics in general and his private views on the Little Rock situation in particular. There are memoranda of telephone conversations between the President and Attorney General Herbert Brownell, as well as copies of official memoranda of the President's conversations in the White House. The Administration Series is an important source of correspondence between Eisenhower and his attorney general. It also contains several folders which deal exclusively with the Little Rock school crisis. The Ann Whitman Diary Series contains diary entries, letters, memoranda, notes, minutes, appointment records and other material. The series was created by President Eisenhower's personal secretary, Ann Whitman, as a file for her daily diary entries which contain, in many cases, her observations on the highlights of the President's day. In addition, Whitman filed in the diary such varied material as copies of the President's own diary entries, memoranda of conversations, including telephone conversations, and copies of correspondence. The Drafts Series is comprised of drafts of a fairly representative sample of President Eisenhower's letters, messages and statements written during his first administration. Civil rights topics appear frequently, especially in some of the personal correspondence. The Name Series reveals the President's personal views on civil rights through his correspondence with various individuals such as the Reverend Billy Graham, James F. Byrnes, and Swede Hazlett. The Cabinet Series and the Legislative Meetings Series contain material which reflect Eisenhower's views on civil rights as expressed during meetings with members of his Cabinet and with congressional leaders. School construction and the Powell Amendment, voting by racial minorities, racial tensions in the South, and civil rights legislative programs are a few of the topics discussed and documented during the Cabinet meetings of the Eisenhower administration. Virtually all legislative meetings from June 1956 to August 1957 deal with some aspect of the civil rights issues, especially legislative programs. The public side of President Eisenhower's civil rights policies can be seen in the Campaign Series, the Press Conference Series, and the Speech Series. The Campaign Series consists of proposed statements by then presidential candidate Eisenhower on civil rights. The Press Conference Series records not only the President's public statements, but also candid remarks on civil rights made at pre-press conference briefings. The Speech Series contains drafts aid speeches delivered by the President. This includes Eisenhower's famous September 24, 1957, address to the nation on the Little Rock situation. The documentation shows that this particular talk underwent considerable editing prior to delivery. Eisenhower's Records as President (the White House Central Files) comprise the largest single collection in the Library, totaling approximately 6,000,000 pages. As a result it is not surprising that this collection should contain a very substantial quantity of material dealing with civil rights during the Eisenhower administration. The White House Central Files are organized by an alphabetical and numerical coding system which permits the civil rights scholar to go rapidly to those folders which contain large concentrations of materials on his topic. There are five basic series in the White House Central Files which contain civil rights material. The Official File contains by far the highest quality and the largest quantity of materials on civil rights in the White House Central Files. This file contains a substantial quantity of high level materials reflecting the administration's position on civil rights issues. Some of the subjects documented include the President's 1953 declaration that he would use his presidential powers to end segregation in Washington, D.C., the Montgomery bus boycott, integration at the university level in the South, the lynching of Negroes in the South, and the establishment of the Civil Rights Commission. One topic which is especially well documented is the Little Rock school crisis and Arkansas Governor Faubus' use of the National Guard troops. The General File, which consists largely of public opinion correspondence, contains material on the Bi-Partisan Committee on Civil Rights, the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, and race riots. This correspondence covers a wide range of public opinion in the Eisenhower years. On the whole, the Confidential File contains the highest level of material in the White House Central Files, but civil rights materials are scattered. There is a small amount of correspondence dealing with discrimination in housing and desegregation of the National Guard. The President's Personal File consists mainly of social correspondence and human interest letters. However, there are several folders such as the United Negro College Fund, Little Rock and Racial Affairs which should be consulted as should files for numerous organizations listed in the PPF 47 section of the President’s Personal File. The final central files series which contains documentation on civil rights is the Alphabetical File. This series, which is largely unprocessed, consists of routine letters from the general public, referral sheets indicating that certain letters were forwarded to government departments for reply, and cross reference sheets. Those folders which have been reviewed and are available for research include the names of such important figures as Martin Luther King, Jr., Elbert P. Tuttle, Richard B. Russell, and J. Strom Thurmond. The folder on the Autherine Lucy case is particularly significant because it contains most of the materials available on this case in the Library. A list of reviewed folders, subject to periodic updating, is available at the Library. Files for specific individuals or topics can be reviewed by the Library staff upon request. Although the Bulk Mail segment of the White House Central Files is not clearly a series in its own right, it might be important for some topics. Bulk Mail consists entirely of public opinion correspondence on such general topics as Little Rock, Governor Faubus, segregation and integration. Approximately 68,000 pages could be useful to a student compiling a statistical or demographic study on civil rights. Students of civil rights should by no means confine their research on the Eisenhower Administration to Dwight D. Eisenhower's Papers and Records as President, for a variety of other sources are available at the Library. Of substantial importance are
Recommended publications
  • The Honorable Harold H. Greene

    The Honorable Harold H. Greene

    THE HONORABLE HAROLD H. GREENE U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia Oral History Project The Historical Society of the District of Columbia Circuit Oral History Project United States Courts The Historical Society of the District of Columbia Circuit District of Columbia Circuit The Honorable Harold H. Greene U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia Interviews conducted by: David Epstein, Esquire April 29, June 25, and June 30, 1992 NOTE The following pages record interviews conducted on the dates indicated. The interviews were electronically recorded, and the transcription was subsequently reviewed and edited by the interviewee. The contents hereof and all literary rights pertaining hereto are governed by, and are subject to, the Oral History Agreements included herewith. © 1996 Historical Society of the District of Columbia Circuit. All rights reserved. PREFACE The goal of the Oral History Project of the Historical Society of the District of Columbia Circuit is to preserve the recollections of the judges who sat on the U.S. Courts of the District of Columbia Circuit, and judges’ spouses, lawyers and court staff who played important roles in the history of the Circuit. The Project began in 1991. Most interviews were conducted by volunteers who are members of the Bar of the District of Columbia. Copies of the transcripts of these interviews, a copy of the transcript on 3.5" diskette (in WordPerfect format), and additional documents as available – some of which may have been prepared in conjunction with the oral history – are housed in the Judges’ Library in the United States Courthouse, 333 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C.
  • Jacksonville Civil Rights History Timelinetimeline 1St Revision 050118

    Jacksonville Civil Rights History Timelinetimeline 1St Revision 050118

    Jacksonville Civil Rights History TimelineTimeline 1st Revision 050118 Formatted: No underline REVISION CODES Formatted: Underline Formatted: Centered Strike through – delete information Yellow highlight - paragraph needs to be modified Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Centered Green highlight - additional research needed Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Grey highlight - combine paragraphs Formatted: Highlight Light blue highlight – add reference/footnote Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Grey highlight/Green underline - additional research and combine Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Red – keep as a reference or footnote only Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Thick underline, Underline color: Green, Highlight Formatted: Thick underline, Underline color: Green, Highlight Formatted: Highlight Formatted: No underline, Underline color: Auto Page 1 of 54 Jacksonville Civil Rights History TimelineTimeline 1st Revision 050118 Formatted: Font: Not Bold 1564 Fort Caroline was built by French Huguenots along St. Johns Bluff under the Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough command of Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere. The greater majority of the settlers Formatted: Strikethrough were also Huguenots, but were accompanied by a small number of Catholics, Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough agnostic and “infidels”. One historian identified the “infidels” as freemen from Formatted: Strikethrough Africa. Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough Formatted: Strikethrough 1813 A naturalized American citizen of British ancestry, Zephaniah Kingsley moved to Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough Fort George Island at the mouth of the St. Johns River. Pledging allegiance to Formatted: Strikethrough Spanish authority, Kingsley became wealthy as an importer of merchant goods, Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough seafarer, and slave trader. He first acquired lands at what is now the City of Orange Formatted: Strikethrough Park. There he established a plantation called Laurel Grove.
  • Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement

    Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement

    Bearing the Seeds of Struggle: Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement Ian Rocksborough-Smith BA, Simon Fraser University, 2003 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of History O Ian Rocksborough-Smith 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Ian Rocksborough-Smith Degree: Masters of Arts Title of Thesis: Bearing the Seeds of Struggle: Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. John Stubbs ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. Karen Ferguson Senior Supervisor Associate ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. Mark Leier Supervisor Associate ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. David Chariandy External ExaminerISimon Fraser University Assistant ProfessorIDepartment of English Date DefendedlApproved: Z.7; E0oS SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies.
  • Civil Rights2018v2.Key

    Civil Rights2018v2.Key

    UNITED STATES HISTORY Civil Rights Era Jackie Robinson Integrates “I Have a Dream” MLB 1945-1975 March on Washington Little Rock Nine 1963 1957 Brown vs Board of Ed. 1954 Civil Rights Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Workers Murdered born 1929 - assassinated1968 1964 Vocabulary • Separate, but Equal - Supreme Court decision that said that separate (but equal) facilities, institutions, and laws for people of different races were were permitted by the Constitution • Segregation - separation of people into groups by race. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, riding public transportation, or any public activity • Jim Crow laws - State and local laws passed between 1876 and 1965 that required racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states that created “legal separate but equal" treatment for African Americans • Integration laws requiring public facilities to be available to people of all races; It’s the opposite of segregation Vocabulary • Civil Disobedience - Refusing to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government as a form of non-violent protest - it was used by Gandhi in India and Dr. King in the USA • 13th Amendment - Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery - passed in 1865 • 14th Amendment - Constitutional amendment that guaranteed equal protection of the law to all citizens - passed in 1868 • Lynching - murder by a mob, usually by hanging. Often used by racists to terrorize and intimidate African Americans • Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Law proposed by President Kennedy and eventually made law under President Johnson. The law guaranteed voting rights and fair treatment of African Americans especially in the Southern States People • Mohandus Gandhi (1869-1948) - Used non-violent civil disobedience; Led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world; his life influenced Dr.
  • Cold War Anticommunism and the Long Civil Rights Movement in America by Kierstin Stewart a Thesis Submitted To

    Cold War Anticommunism and the Long Civil Rights Movement in America by Kierstin Stewart a Thesis Submitted To

    The Black Scare: Cold War Anticommunism and the Long Civil Rights Movement in America By Kierstin Stewart A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Kierstin Stewart, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii Table of Contents Introduction………………............................................................................................................v Chapter One: The “Exaggerated” American: Strategy Split and Subversion................................1 Chapter Two: Black Culture and Subversion...............................................................................48 Chapter Three: The Death of the “Exaggerated” American.........................................................96 Epilogue......................................................................................................................................134 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................148 iii Abstract This thesis discusses the impact of the Cold War on the Long African American Civil Rights Movement in the US from 1945 into the early 1970s. I seek to address the historiography that argues that the Cold War was an animating or galvanizing force behind the Civil Rights movement. I argue that black strategies of activism and black thought during the long civil rights era were directly or indirectly influenced by Cold War politics. Strategies towards freedom
  • 'Crimes of Government': William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice

    'Crimes of Government': William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice

    “Crimes of Government” William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice Alexandra Fay Undergraduate Thesis Department of History Columbia University April 4, 2018 Seminar Advisor: Elizabeth Blackmar Second Reader: Karl Jacoby Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Radical Beginnings ......................................................................................................................... 8 The Scottsboro Nine ..................................................................................................................... 17 The Trenton Six ............................................................................................................................ 32 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 52 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 63 2 Introduction “Why did you do this thing, Patterson?” demanded Channing Tobias. At the 1951 United Nations convention in Paris, Tobias represented the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Dignified, sixty-nine-year-old Tobias was an official American delegate. Bombastic, bespectacled, sixty-year-old William Patterson arrived in Paris despite the State Department’s best efforts to keep him away. His mission
  • African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989

    African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eScholarship@BC Friends of Freedom, Allies of Peace: African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989 Author: Natalia King Rasmussen Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104045 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2014 Copyright is held by the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History FRIENDS OF FREEDOM, ALLIES OF PEACE: AFRICAN AMERICANS, THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AND EAST GERMANY, 1949-1989 A dissertation by NATALIA KING RASMUSSEN submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 © copyright by NATALIA DANETTE KING RASMUSSEN 2014 “Friends of Freedom, Allies of Peace: African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989” Natalia King Rasmussen Dissertation Advisor: Devin O. Pendas This dissertation examines the relationship between Black America and East Germany from 1949 to 1989, exploring the ways in which two unlikely partners used international solidarity to achieve goals of domestic importance. Despite the growing number of works addressing the black experience in and with Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, West Germany, and contemporary Germany, few studies have devoted attention to the black experience in and with East Germany. In this work, the outline of this transatlantic relationship is defined, detailing who was involved in the friendship, why they were involved, and what they hoped to gain from this alliance.
  • Emmett Till & the Modernization of Law

    Emmett Till & the Modernization of Law

    Saint Louis University School of Law Scholarship Commons All Faculty Scholarship 2009 The ioleV nt Bear it Away: Emmett iT ll & the Modernization of Law Enforcement in Mississippi Anders Walker Saint Louis University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/faculty Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Criminal Law Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Anders, The ioV lent Bear it Away: Emmett iT ll & the Modernization of Law Enforcement in Mississippi (October 27, 2008). San Diego Law Review, Vol. 46, p. 459, 2009. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE VIOLENT BEAR IT AWAY EMMETT TILL & THE MODERNIZATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN MISSISSIPPI ∗ ANDERS WALKER ABSTRACT Few racially motivated crimes have left a more lasting imprint on American memory than the death of Emmett Till. Yet, even as Till’s murder in Mississippi in 1955 has come to be remembered as a catalyst for the civil rights movement, it contributed to something else as well. Precisely because it came on the heels of the Supreme Court’s 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, Till’s death convinced Mississippi Governor James P. Coleman that certain aspects of the state’s handling of racial matters had to change. Afraid that popular outrage over racial violence might encourage federal intervention in the region, Coleman removed power from local sheriffs, expanded state police, and modernized the state’s criminal justice apparatus in order to reduce the chance of further racial violence in the state.
  • Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970

    Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970

    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970 Part 1: Records of the President’s Office Editorial Adviser Cynthia P. Lewis Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Blair Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970 [microform] / project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. microfilm reels. — (Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Blair D. Hydrick, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970. Contents: pt. 1. Records of the President’s Office—pt. 2. Records of the Executive Director and Treasurer—[etc.]—pt. 4. Records of the Program Department. ISBN 1-55655-555-5 (pt. 1 : microfilm) 1. Southern Christian Leadership Conference—Archives. 2. Afro- Americans—Civil rights—Southern States—History—Sources. 3. Civil rights movements—United States—History—20th century— Sources. 4. Southern States—Race relations—History—Sources. I. Boehm, Randolph. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. IV. University Publications of America (Firm) V. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970. VI. Series. [E185.61] 323.1’196073075—dc20 95-24346 CIP Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-555-5.
  • The African American Civil Rights Movement As a Long Lasting Process of Struggle for Freedom

    The African American Civil Rights Movement As a Long Lasting Process of Struggle for Freedom

    Masaryk University Faculty of Education Department of English Language and Literature The African American Civil Rights Movement As a Long Lasting Process of Struggle for Freedom Bachelor Thesis Brno2008 Supervisor: Author: Mgr.ZdeněkJaník,M.A.,Ph.D. HanaMarková I declare that this bachelor thesis is completely my own work and that all informationgatheredforitscompilationiscitedinthe bibliography. Brno1stDecember,2008 HanaMarková I gratefully thank my supervisor, Mgr. Zdeněk Janík, for his kind assistance, precious advice andwith providingme the useful materials necessaryfor understanding this complicated topic. Above all, I would like to thank him for his patience and valuablecomments. HanaMarková Annotation: This thesis deals with the African American Civil Rights Movement not only from the point of view of its most important years from 1955 to1965,but alsoexplains its first part throughslavery,BlackCodes andJim Crow laws how Americansociety became divided along the color line; the second part shows how the first half of the twentiethcenturythroughthe Great Migration,the Great Depression, andbothWorld Wars contributedtothe blackself-awareness,andimprovement of their social position; inaddition the increasingsuffrage movement andthe beginningof the ColdWar along with Brown v. Board of Education laid the foundation for the spreading of the movement; the thirdpart analyses the movement itself andis dividedinto four sub-parts according to the means that movement applied – boycotts, sit-ins, freedom rides and marches; the thesis concludes
  • SPRING 2013 CONTENTS Spring 2013

    SPRING 2013 CONTENTS Spring 2013

    THE UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS PRESS SPRING 2013 CONTENTS spring 2013 New University of Arkansas Press Books 1–15 DISTRIBUTED PRESSES: Butler Center Books 16–19 Moon City Press 20–21 UpSet Press 22 Ozark Society Foundation 23 DVDs 23 John exhorting his runners from his usual spot behind the first curve at the Tyson Center. Photo courtesy of University of Arkansas Media Relations. Selected Backlist 24–26 Notable Reviews 27 “John McDonnell is not only one of Order Form 28 the greatest track and cross-country Sales Representatives 29 coaches ever but a national treasure Ordering Information 29 whose influence on the sport and on the young men he’s nurtured will last for generations. McDonnell’s life story illuminates the subtle ways in which he acquired and expanded on the knowledge that led to a record The University of Arkansas Press number of NCAA titles while gaining is moving to electronic catalogs. insights into both the psychology and physiology that produced peak perfor- To continue to receive our catalog, mances. A fascinating book.” make sure you are on our e-mail list. —MARC BLOOM, track and field journalist and Send your name and email address to author of God on the Starting Line [email protected] facebook.com/uarkpress @uarkpress COVER: Vintage kimono owned by Miyoko Sasaki McDonald, mother of Jan Morrill, author of The Red Kimono (page 4). Miyoko was seven years old when she and her family were relocated to Tule Lake Internment Camp in California. They were later The Razorback track team is greeted by Arkansas governor Bill moved to Topaz Internment Camp in Utah.
  • Civil Rights- Supreme Court Hear Challenges to Southern Voter

    Civil Rights- Supreme Court Hear Challenges to Southern Voter

    CASE NOTE CIVIL RIGHTS-SuPREmE COURT HEARS CHALLENGES TO SOUTHERN VOTER REGISTRATION SYSTEMS The Supreme Court has noted probable jurisdiction in two critical actions I brought by the United States under the Civil Rights Act of 1960 2 in an endeavor to halt two states' continued resistance to court attempts to enforce the fifteenth amendment.3 In United States v. Louisiana, 225 F. Supp. 353 (E.D. La. 1963), a three-judge district court held 4 unconstitu- tional the Louisiana provisions which require a prospective voter to inter- pret reasonably a section of the state or federal constitution if so requested by the parish registrar.5 The holding of invalidity was rested on the 'Louisiana v. United States, 377 U.S. 987 (1964) (No. 1073, 1963 Term; renum- bered No. 67, 1964 Term) ; United States v. Mississippi, 377 U.S. 988 (1964) (No. 1097, 1963 Term; renumbered No. 73, 1964 Term). The paucity of positive results from the voter registration drive in Mississippi during the summer of 1964 increases the importance of these actions. See N.Y. Times, Aug. 20, 1964, p. 13, col. 1. The extent of Southern white opposition and one of the major problems with enforcing the right to vote through county-by-county legal actions are illustrated by federal District Judge Cox's sentiments. At a hearing in which he refused to issue an injunction to speed up the registration in Canton, Mississippi, this jurist stated that he was interested in eliminating discrimination but not in whether "the registrar is going to give a registration test to a bunch of niggers on a voter drive." Watters, Negro Registration in the South, The New Republic, April 4, 1964, pp.