Emmett Till & the Modernization of Law
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“A Tremor in the Middle of the Iceberg”: the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Local Voting Rights Activism in Mccomb, Mississippi, 1928-1964
“A Tremor in the Middle of the Iceberg”: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Local Voting Rights Activism in McComb, Mississippi, 1928-1964 Alec Ramsay-Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 1, 2016 Advised by Professor Howard Brick For Dana Lynn Ramsay, I would not be here without your love and wisdom, And I miss you more every day. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: McComb and the Beginnings of Voter Registration .......................... 10 Chapter Two: SNCC and the 1961 McComb Voter Registration Drive .................. 45 Chapter Three: The Aftermath of the McComb Registration Drive ........................ 78 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 102 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 119 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I could not have done this without my twin sister Hunter Ramsay-Smith, who has been a constant source of support and would listen to me rant for hours about documents I would find or things I would learn in the course of my research for the McComb registration -
Remarks and a Question-And-Answer Session With
1092 July 17 / Administration of William J. Clinton, 1997 but how we're going to become one America if I had a voice like that, I could run for in the 21st century. We need your help. a third term, even though theÐ[laughter]. In September, I'm going home to Little I enjoyed meeting with your board mem- Rock to observe the 40th anniversary of the bers and JoAnne Lyons Wooten, your execu- integration of Little Rock Central High tive director, backstage. I met Vanessa Wil- School. When those nine black children were liams, who said, ``You know, I'm the presi- escorted by armed troops on their first day dent-elect; have you got any advice for me of school, there were a lot of people who on being president?'' True story. I said, ``I were afraid to stand up for them. But the do. Always act like you know what you're local NAACP, led by my friend Daisy Bates, doing.'' [Laughter] stood up for them. I want to say to you, I'm delighted to be Today, every time we take a stand that ad- joined here tonight by a distinguished group vances the cause of equal opportunity and of people from our White House and from excellence in education, every time we do the administration, including the Secretary of something that really gives economic Labor, Alexis Herman, and the Secretary of empowerment to the dispossessed, every Education, Dick Riley, and a number of oth- time we further the cause of reconciliation ers from the White House. -
Jacksonville Civil Rights History Timelinetimeline 1St Revision 050118
Jacksonville Civil Rights History TimelineTimeline 1st Revision 050118 Formatted: No underline REVISION CODES Formatted: Underline Formatted: Centered Strike through – delete information Yellow highlight - paragraph needs to be modified Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Centered Green highlight - additional research needed Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Grey highlight - combine paragraphs Formatted: Highlight Light blue highlight – add reference/footnote Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Grey highlight/Green underline - additional research and combine Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Red – keep as a reference or footnote only Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Thick underline, Underline color: Green, Highlight Formatted: Thick underline, Underline color: Green, Highlight Formatted: Highlight Formatted: No underline, Underline color: Auto Page 1 of 54 Jacksonville Civil Rights History TimelineTimeline 1st Revision 050118 Formatted: Font: Not Bold 1564 Fort Caroline was built by French Huguenots along St. Johns Bluff under the Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough command of Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere. The greater majority of the settlers Formatted: Strikethrough were also Huguenots, but were accompanied by a small number of Catholics, Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough agnostic and “infidels”. One historian identified the “infidels” as freemen from Formatted: Strikethrough Africa. Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough Formatted: Strikethrough 1813 A naturalized American citizen of British ancestry, Zephaniah Kingsley moved to Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough Fort George Island at the mouth of the St. Johns River. Pledging allegiance to Formatted: Strikethrough Spanish authority, Kingsley became wealthy as an importer of merchant goods, Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Strikethrough seafarer, and slave trader. He first acquired lands at what is now the City of Orange Formatted: Strikethrough Park. There he established a plantation called Laurel Grove. -
LD5655.V855 1996.M385.Pdf (6.218Mb)
EDUCATING FOR FREEDOM: THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, 1954 TO 1964 by Jacqueline Weston McNulty Thesis submitted to the facutly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History APPROVED: Yuu a Hayward Farrar, Chairman _ \ 4 A af 7 - “ : Lo f lA bn G UU. f Lake Ak Jo Peter Wallenstein Beverly Bunch-Ly ns February, 1996 Blacksburg, Virginia U,u LD 55S Y$55 199@ M2g5 c.2 EDUCATING FOR FREEDOM: THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, 1954 TO 1964 by Jacqueline Weston McNulty Dr. Hayward Farrar, Chairman History (ABSTRACT) This study explores how the Citizenship School Program of the Highlander Folk School shaped the grassroots leadership of the Civil Rights Movement. The thesis examines the role of citizenship education in the modern Civil Rights Movement and explores how educational efforts within the Movement enfranchised and empowered a segment of Southern black society that would have been untouched by demonstrations and federal voting legislation. Civil Rights activists in the Deep South, attempting to register voters, recognized the severe inadequacies of public education for black students and built parallel educational institutions designed to introduce black students to their rights as American citizens, develop local leadership and grassroots organizational structures. The methods the activists used to accomplish these goals had been pioneered in the mid-1950’s by Septima Clark and Myles Horton of the Highlander Folk School. Horton and Clark developed a successful curriculum structure for adult literacy and citizenship education that they implemented on Johns Island off the coast of South Carolina. -
Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement
Bearing the Seeds of Struggle: Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement Ian Rocksborough-Smith BA, Simon Fraser University, 2003 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of History O Ian Rocksborough-Smith 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Ian Rocksborough-Smith Degree: Masters of Arts Title of Thesis: Bearing the Seeds of Struggle: Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. John Stubbs ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. Karen Ferguson Senior Supervisor Associate ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. Mark Leier Supervisor Associate ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. David Chariandy External ExaminerISimon Fraser University Assistant ProfessorIDepartment of English Date DefendedlApproved: Z.7; E0oS SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10·900 OM B No 1024·00 18 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Thi s limn is lilr u s ~ in nominating or r c qu~ s ting dct ~ nnin a ti () n s for illlli viuual prllpe rlies anu di str ic ts. Sec in struct ions in Na ti onal R~gi s tcr llulktin. How 10 CO lllp/e le Ihe ,\ '0 110110/ Negisrer of I-/isror ic FI(Jc~s Neg islrllfion Form. If any itcm docs not ap pl y to th e prop crly bc ing dll CUi11Cntcu , cnter "N I X' I,lr "not applicable" For functi ons. archit~ctural cl ass ificati on. matcrial s. and areas of signifi cance. cnter onl y ca tcgories anu suheategorie s I'rol11 the instructi ons . 1. Name of Property Historic name: Lanier Jr. - Sr. High School (Colored) Other names/site number: _-,L=a=n=i-=.e=-r .::..;H::..o.ic,:gh:..:....::o:S-=.c.:.:,ho"'-o:::..;I'-_______________ Name of related mUltiple property listing: NA (Enter liN/Ali if property is not part of a mUltiple property listing 2. Location Street & number: 833 Maple Street ___________________ City or town: Jackson State: MS County: Hinds Not For Publication: D Vicinity: D 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this ~ nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. -
A Summary of the Contributions of Four Key African American Female Figures of the Civil Rights Movement
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1994 A Summary of the Contributions of Four Key African American Female Figures of the Civil Rights Movement Michelle Margaret Viera Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Viera, Michelle Margaret, "A Summary of the Contributions of Four Key African American Female Figures of the Civil Rights Movement" (1994). Master's Theses. 3834. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3834 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SUMMARY OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOUR KEY AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE FIGURES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT by Michelle Margaret Viera A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1994 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My appreciation is extended to several special people; without their support this thesis could not have become a reality. First, I am most grateful to Dr. Henry Davis, chair of my thesis committee, for his encouragement and sus tained interest in my scholarship. Second, I would like to thank the other members of the committee, Dr. Benjamin Wilson and Dr. Bruce Haight, profes sors at Western Michigan University. I am deeply indebted to Alice Lamar, who spent tireless hours editing and re-typing to ensure this project was completed. -
Cold War Anticommunism and the Long Civil Rights Movement in America by Kierstin Stewart a Thesis Submitted To
The Black Scare: Cold War Anticommunism and the Long Civil Rights Movement in America By Kierstin Stewart A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Kierstin Stewart, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii Table of Contents Introduction………………............................................................................................................v Chapter One: The “Exaggerated” American: Strategy Split and Subversion................................1 Chapter Two: Black Culture and Subversion...............................................................................48 Chapter Three: The Death of the “Exaggerated” American.........................................................96 Epilogue......................................................................................................................................134 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................148 iii Abstract This thesis discusses the impact of the Cold War on the Long African American Civil Rights Movement in the US from 1945 into the early 1970s. I seek to address the historiography that argues that the Cold War was an animating or galvanizing force behind the Civil Rights movement. I argue that black strategies of activism and black thought during the long civil rights era were directly or indirectly influenced by Cold War politics. Strategies towards freedom -
'Crimes of Government': William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice
“Crimes of Government” William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice Alexandra Fay Undergraduate Thesis Department of History Columbia University April 4, 2018 Seminar Advisor: Elizabeth Blackmar Second Reader: Karl Jacoby Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Radical Beginnings ......................................................................................................................... 8 The Scottsboro Nine ..................................................................................................................... 17 The Trenton Six ............................................................................................................................ 32 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 52 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 63 2 Introduction “Why did you do this thing, Patterson?” demanded Channing Tobias. At the 1951 United Nations convention in Paris, Tobias represented the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Dignified, sixty-nine-year-old Tobias was an official American delegate. Bombastic, bespectacled, sixty-year-old William Patterson arrived in Paris despite the State Department’s best efforts to keep him away. His mission -
African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eScholarship@BC Friends of Freedom, Allies of Peace: African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989 Author: Natalia King Rasmussen Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104045 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2014 Copyright is held by the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History FRIENDS OF FREEDOM, ALLIES OF PEACE: AFRICAN AMERICANS, THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AND EAST GERMANY, 1949-1989 A dissertation by NATALIA KING RASMUSSEN submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 © copyright by NATALIA DANETTE KING RASMUSSEN 2014 “Friends of Freedom, Allies of Peace: African Americans, the Civil Rights Movement, and East Germany, 1949-1989” Natalia King Rasmussen Dissertation Advisor: Devin O. Pendas This dissertation examines the relationship between Black America and East Germany from 1949 to 1989, exploring the ways in which two unlikely partners used international solidarity to achieve goals of domestic importance. Despite the growing number of works addressing the black experience in and with Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, West Germany, and contemporary Germany, few studies have devoted attention to the black experience in and with East Germany. In this work, the outline of this transatlantic relationship is defined, detailing who was involved in the friendship, why they were involved, and what they hoped to gain from this alliance. -
Brown V. Board of Education:A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled
The Troubled Legacy of Brown v. Board James T. Patterson rown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy1 is an attempt to look back at the Brown case of 1954 and, B as the subtitle indicates, decide whether it can rightly be regarded as a civil rights milestone or whether, to some considerable degree, we should be concerned with its troubled or perhaps troubling legacy. When the unanimous decision was announced on May 17, 1954 by the Warren Court, it generated a good deal of excitement. The Amsterdam News of Harlem said that this was the greatest victory for the Negro peo- ple since the Emancipation Proclamation. Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer litigating the five cases that actually made up Brown, said during a long night of celebration, “I was so happy, I was numb.”A little bit later he predicted that all of the schools in the south and everywhere else would be desegregated by January 1, 1963, the hundredth anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. Ralph Ellison wrote in a letter to a friend, “What a wonderful world of possibilities are unfolded for the children.”2 It was my assumption when I undertook this book that Brown was a pivotal moment in American history, and that Ellison’s comment was prophetic. The further I got into the research, however, the more I began to have doubts about its long-term legacy. Did the decision in fact come even close to accomplishing the wonderful things that Ellison and the Amsterdam News and Thurgood Marshall and various others thought it was going to do in 1954? James T. -
Medgar Evers: Mississippi Martyr'
H-1960s McDaniel on Williams, 'Medgar Evers: Mississippi Martyr' Review published on Monday, January 6, 2014 Michael Vinson Williams. Medgar Evers: Mississippi Martyr. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2011. 453 pp. $34.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-55728-973-5. Reviewed by Hayden McDaniel (University of Southern Mississippi)Published on H-1960s (January, 2014) Commissioned by Zachary Lechner Throughout the twentieth century, activists in Mississippi sought to address attacks on African Americans as they challenged the southern status quo. Indicative of the traditional civil rights movement period of activism was the work of Mississippian Medgar Wiley Evers. His tenure as field secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) represented the convergence of a national organization working on the local scale and exposed the strictures that often constrained localized activist efforts. Evers was an ideal example of dedicated local activism at whatever cost, illustrated through his claim that "I may be going to heaven or hell.... But I'll be going from Jackson" (p. 267). Evers argued that the way to reform the South was not to leave it, as many African Americans had done before him. Instead, he believed in his home state and in the ability of the South to change to such an extent that he sought to reform it from the inside, a decision that affected his life forever. Michael Vinson Williams, assistant professor of history and African American studies at Mississippi State University, provides Medgar Evers: Missippippi Martyr, the first definitive biography of Evers. The only similar volume, a work from historian Manning Marable with Myrlie Evers-Williams, is an autobiography of Evers produced through a compilation of Evers's writings,The Autobiography of Medgar Evers: A Hero's Life and Legacy Revealed through His Writings, Letters, and Speeches (2006).