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Appendix a Biographical Information

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Appendix a Biographical Information Appendix A Biographical Information Konrad Adenauer [1876-1967], Mayor of Cologne to 1933, Catholic, CDU Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany, 1949-63. Bruno Beater [ 1914-], joined MfS in 1950 rising to First Deputy Minister for State Security in 1964. Willy Brandt [1913-92], Anti-Nazi emigrant, 1933-45, Mayor of West Berlin, I 957-66, SPD Chancellor of West Germany, 1969-74. Fritz Dickel [1913-], former International Brigader and Moscow emigrant, Deputy Minister of Defence then 1965 Minister oflnterior ofDDR and head of People's Police. Reinhard Gehlen [1903-79], former colonel who headed German military intelligence on Eastern Front in the Second World War, he was the first head of the BND, I 956-68 after working under US direction after the war. Werner GroBmann [1929-], succeeded Wolf as head of HVA and Deputy Minister of State Security in 1986. Otto Grotewohl [ 1894-1964], former Social Democrat, DDR head of government, 1949-64. GUnter Guillaume [1927-95], worked as a DDR spy in the West, 1956-74 when he was exposed working for Chancellor Brandt. The exposure cost Brandt the Chancellorship and Guillaume his freedom. In October 1981 he was exchanged and returned to a hero's welcome in the DDR. Wolfgang Harich [1923-95], University lecturer on Marxism and SED intel­ lectual, he was arrested in 1956 for anti-state conspiracy. He was released in 1964. After the fall of the SED he attempted to revive reform communism. Robert Havemann [191 0-82], a member of KPD anti-Nazi underground who narrowly avoided execution. Professor of physical-chemistry at Humboldt University he was removed in 1964 because of his calls for more freedom. He was later put under house arrest. Heinz Hoffmann [191 0-85], after military training in Soviet Union took part in Spanish Civil War, 1936-9. After various leading military functions, Minister of Defence of DDR, 1960-85. Member of Politburo of DDR. 196 Appendix A I97 Erich Honecker [I9I2-94], he was leader of KPD youth movement in Saar until1933. Arrested in Berlin in I935 he was imprisoned by Nazis to 1945. He helped to found and became First Secretary of FDJ, I 946-55. In I 958 he became Politburo member with responsibility for security. In 1971 he replaced Ulbricht as First Secretary of SED until ousted by Egon Krenz in October 1989. Otto John [1909-], part of July plot against Hitler, he later worked for British intelligence. He was first head of West German BN. He disappeared in West Berlin later claiming he had been drugged and kidnapped. Helmut Kohl [ 1930-], I 969-76 Minister-President of the Rhineland-Palatinate, I982- CDU Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany. Egon Krenz [I937-], after various leading functions in FDJ and Young Pioneers and training in Moscow, elected First Secretary ofFDJ I974-83. Member of Politburo with responsibility for security. First Secretary of SED October-November 1989. Erich Mielke [ 1907-], after elementary and grammar school [Kollnische Gymnasium, Berlin, with a scholarship] Mielke took up an apprenticeship with a road haulage finn. Both his working-class parents were communists and Mielke soon followed them into the KPD. He carried on various functions in KPD before I 933, including being active in its paramilitary wing and sports movement. He was a strict vegetarian, non-smoker and total abstainer at that time. Wanted by the police for his part in the shooting of two policemen on 9 August I93I he escaped to the Soviet Union. There he studied at the Comintern's military school and at the Lenin School where future revolu­ tionary functionaries were trained. As 'Fritz Leissner' he served as an officer of the communist secret police in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-9. He helped in the purge of the 'Trotskyists' but also in the evacuation of the remnants of the International Brigades to France. After working for the KPD in Brussels he crossed the frontier to France as the Nazis occupied Belgium. He was interned in St Cprien camp in southern France. By the end of the war Mielke was back in Berlin but some mystery surrounds his life between I 94 I -5. He later claimed to have fought on the Soviet side in the war, in other accounts he remained in France working as a building labourer. From I 945 on he played a key role in the creation of the state security system in Soviet Zone/DDR. He served as Vice-President of the Central Administration of the Interior, I 946-50; State Secretary for the MfS, I 950-3; Deputy State Secretary for State Security in the Ministry oflnterior, I 953-5; State Secretary for State Security in the MfS, 1955-7; Minister for State Security, November I 957-December 1989. He was a member of the Central Committee from 198 The Stasi 1950 and Member of Politburo of SED from 1971. Mielke married Gertrud MUller, a tailor, on 18 December 1948. They had one son, Frank. Frank and his wife, both medical practitioners, worked for the Stasi with the rank of major. After his elevation to the Politburo Erich Mielke and his family lived in the top people's estate at Wandlitz. He was a mark millionaire when he was dismissed from office in December 1989. GUnter Mittag [ 1926-94], SED Secretary with responsibility for economy, 1962-73 and 1976-89. Member of the Politburo of SED. Rudi Mittag [1925-], former bricklayer and wartime soldier he became an officer of the MfS in 1950. He headed the MfS in Potsdam, 1956-64. Deputy Minister for State Security, 1969-89, member of the Central Committee of the SED from 1986. Gerhard Neiber [1929-], he started his career as an SED functionary in Schwerin before joining the MfS. Deputy Minister of State Security, 1980--9. Hans Modrow [1928-], after study in Moscow First Secretary ofFDJ in Berlin, 1953-61, First Secretary of SED Dresden, 1973-89, head of government of DDR November 1989- March 1990 and briefly member of Politburo. Wilhelm Pieck [1876-1960], Chairman of the KPD, 1935-46, President of DDR, 1949-60. Helmut Schmidt [ 1918-], former artillery lieutenant who became Minister of Defence [1969-72], then Minister of Finance [1972-4]. He succeeded Brandt as SPD Chancellor of Federal Republic, 197 4-82. Wolfgang Schwanitz [ 1930--], from 1986 Deputy Minister for State Security and candidate member of the Central Committee of the SED, was briefly head of the Amt Fiir Nationale Sicherheit before that body was disbanded. Horst Sindermann [1913-90], imprisoned by Nazis, 1934-45, head of government ofDDR, 1973-6, President ofVolkskammer, 1976-89, Member of Politburo of SED. Willi Stoph [1914-], Minister of Interior of DDR, 1952-5, Minister of Defence, 1956--9, head of government, 1964-73 and 76--89, head of state, 1973-6, Member of Politburo of SED. Franz Josef StrauB [1915-88], former artillery lieutenant, Federal Minister for Special Tasks, 1953-7 and 1963-6, Minister of Defence 1956-62, Finance Minister, 1966-9. Chairman of the CSU 1961-88, Minister-President of Bavaria, 1978-88. Appendix A 199 Fritz Streletz [1926-], wartime soldier who threw his Jot in with the Soviets, he played an important role in building up the KVP and NV A. Deputy Minister of Defence of DDR, 1979-89. Member of the Central Committee of the SED. Markus 'Mischa' Wolf [ 1923-], fled with his parents to Soviet Union in 1933 where he studied at a Comintern school. Onreturning to Germany in 1945 he worked as a journalist and then as a diplomat before embarking on his intelligence service career. Deputy Minister for State Security and head of HV A, 1958-86. In 1989 presented himself as reform communist in Gorbachev mould. Walter Ulbricht [ 1893-1973], 1950--71, General/First Secretary of the SED, Chairman of Council of State, 1960-73. Ernst Wollweber [1898-1967], leading naval mutineer 1918, KPD member of the Reichstag, Soviet saboteur in Second World War, 1955-7 Minister for State Security of DDR. Member of the Central Committee of the SED, 1954-8 after which he was purged for his opposition to Ulbricht. Wilhelm Zaisser[1893-1958], KPD military expert, fought in Spain as 'General Gomez', 1936-9, Minister for State Security of DDR, 1950--3, purged for 'defeatism'. Member of the Politburo of the SED to 1953 and then expelled from the Party in 1954. Appendix B Chronology August 1914: Outbreak of First World War. 1917: Tsar overthrown in Russia. Democratic provisional government estab­ lished. October, Lenin and Bolsheviks seize power in Russia from democratic revolutionary government. 20 December 1917: Cheka established. November 1918: Revolution in Germany followed by establishment of democratic Weimar Republic. Germans sign armistice with Allies which leads to end of war. 31 December 1918: Communist Party of Germany [KPD] set up with aim of establishing a 'Soviet Germany'. 5112 January 1919: Communist/Spartacist attempt to seize power in Germany crushed with heavy loss of life. October 1923: A renewed attempt by the KPD to take power in Hamburg crushed after heavy fighting. 819 November 1923: Hitler putsch in Munich put down with loss of life. 9 August 1931: Erich Mielke involved in killing two policemen in Berlin as part of a KPD armed group. 1933: Hitler appointed German Chancellor, communists banned. 1936-9: Spanish Civil War, KPD members Ulbricht, Zaisser, Mielke and others sent to Spain where they purge other leftists. August 1939: Hitler-Stalin Pact, followed by outbreak of Second World War. 1 September 1939: German invasion of Poland followed by Anglo-French declaration of war on Germany on 3 September. Later Poland invaded also by Soviet Union.
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