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The Politics of Writing 'Democratic' Narratives in Zimbabwe
Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic’ narratives in Zimbabwe Walter Kudzai Barure & Irikidzayi Manase Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic’ narratives in Zimbabwe Over the past five decades, Zimbabwe’s political trajectories were characterised by a historiographic revision and deconstruction that revealed varying ideological perceptions and positions of political actors. This article reconsiders the current shifts in the Zimbabwean historiography and focuses on the politics of positioning the self in the national narrative. The article analyses three Zimbabwean political autobiographies written by political actors from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), particularly Michael Auret’s From Liberator to Dictator: An Insider’s Account of Robert Mugabe’s Descent into Tyranny (2009), Morgan Tsvangirai’s At the Deep End (2011), and David Coltart’s The Struggle Continues: 50 Years of Tyranny in Zimbabwe (2016). It also discusses how writing in Zimbabwe is a contested terrain that is bifurcated between oppositional and dominant imaginaries of politics, the revolutionary tradition, and past performances of power. Keywords: history, narratives, oppositional and dominant imaginaries, political autobiographies, Zimbabwe. Introduction This article considers how oppositional narratives answer back to patriotic narratives’ denigration of opposition and civic discourses, and their exclusion of the citizenship of minorities such as white Zimbabweans. Zimbabwe- an letters have witnessed the rise of a body of writings, produced by the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) and other political and human rights actors, termed ‘democratic’ narratives, which contest patri- otic narratives that were constructed using a singular version of history (see Ranger who defines patriotic history as a monolithic version of history that supports the performance of power by ZANU-PF political actors). -
ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004
ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Zimbabwe April 2004 CONTENTS 1 Scope of the Document 1.1 –1.7 2 Geography 2.1 – 2.3 3 Economy 3.1 4 History 4.1 – 4.193 Independence 1980 4.1 - 4.5 Matabeleland Insurgency 1983-87 4.6 - 4.9 Elections 1995 & 1996 4.10 - 4.11 Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) 4.12 - 4.13 Parliamentary Elections, June 2000 4.14 - 4.23 - Background 4.14 - 4.16 - Election Violence & Farm Occupations 4.17 - 4.18 - Election Results 4.19 - 4.23 - Post-election Violence 2000 4.24 - 4.26 - By election results in 2000 4.27 - 4.28 - Marondera West 4.27 - Bikita West 4.28 - Legal challenges to election results in 2000 4.29 Incidents in 2001 4.30 - 4.58 - Bulawayo local elections, September 2001 4.46 - 4.50 - By elections in 2001 4.51 - 4.55 - Bindura 4.51 - Makoni West 4.52 - Chikomba 4.53 - Legal Challenges to election results in 2001 4.54 - 4.56 Incidents in 2002 4.57 - 4.66 - Presidential Election, March 2002 4.67 - 4.79 - Rural elections September 2002 4.80 - 4.86 - By election results in 2002 4.87 - 4.91 Incidents in 2003 4.92 – 4.108 - Mass Action 18-19 March 2003 4.109 – 4.120 - ZCTU strike 23-25 April 4.121 – 4.125 - MDC Mass Action 2-6 June 4.126 – 4.157 - Mayoral and Urban Council elections 30-31 August 4.158 – 4.176 - By elections in 2003 4.177 - 4.183 Incidents in 2004 4.184 – 4.191 By elections in 2004 4.192 – 4.193 5 State Structures 5.1 – 5.98 The Constitution 5.1 - 5.5 Political System: 5.6 - 5.21 - ZANU-PF 5.7 - -
Report on Harare Case Study
Urban infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa – harnessing land values, housing and transport Report on Harare Case Study Report No 1.9 Final report 31 July 2015 This material has been funded by UK aid from the UK government; however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies. Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................... i 1 Introduction and approach ............................................................... 1 Method .............................................................................................. 1 Limitations of research ........................................................................ 1 2 The city in its national context ......................................................... 1 Planning context ................................................................................. 2 Macroeconomic History: 1990 to the present .......................................... 3 3 Legislation relating to urban land ..................................................... 5 Urban Councils Act Chapter 29:15 ......................................................... 6 Environmental Management Act Chapter 20:27 ....................................... 7 Deeds Registries Act Chapter 20:05 ...................................................... 8 Zimbabwe’s New Constitution ............................................................... 8 4 Institutions ..................................................................................... -
Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles: the Decolonisation of White Identity In
Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles J. L. Fisher Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles The decolonisation of white identity in Zimbabwe J. L. Fisher THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/pioneers_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fisher, J. L. (Josephine Lucy) Title: Pioneers, settlers, aliens, exiles : the decolonisation of white identity in Zimbabwe / J. L. Fisher. ISBN: 9781921666148 (pbk.) 9781921666155 (pdf) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Decolonization--Zimbabwe. Whites--Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe--Politics and government--1980- Zimbabwe--Race relations. Dewey Number: 320.96891 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Contents Abbreviations. ix Preface . xi 1 ..Introduction. 1 2 ..Zimbabwe’s.discourse.of.national.reconciliation . 27 3 ..Re-inscribing.the.national.landscape. 55 4 ..Zimbabwe’s.narrative.of.national.rebirth. 79 5 ..Decolonising.settler.citizenship. 103 6 ..The.mobilisation.of.indigeneity. 131 7 ..The.loss.of.certainty. 173 8 ..Zimbabwe’s.governance.and.land.reform.crises—a.postscript.201 -
Election Report Text
ZIMBABWE ELECTION SUPPORT NETWORK PROMOTING DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS IN ZIMBABWE Report on the Harmonised 30 July 2018 Elections ZIMBABWE ELECTION SUPPORT NETWORK ZESN - Promoting Democratic Elections in Zimbabwe Report on the Harmonised 30 July 2018 Elections ZIMBABWE ELECTION SUPPORT NETWORK REPORT ON THE 30 JULY 2018 HARMONISED ELECTIONS ZESN ZESN - Promoting Democratic Elections in Zimbabwe Table of Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 08 2 ABOUT ZESN 13 3 POLITICAL BACKGROUND 14 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 15 4.1 Universal and Regional Principles and Commitments 15 4.2 The Constitution 15 4.3 Electoral Act 15 4.4 Electoral System 16 4.5 Code of Conduct 16 4.6 Electoral Court Establishment 17 4.7 Presidential Petition 17 4.8 Legislative Developments 17 4.9 Some Legislative Gaps - Electoral Reform 17 4.10De-Duplication 18 4.11Voters Registration 19 4.12Election Timetable 19 4.13Delimitation 19 5 ELECTION ADMINISTRATION 20 5.1 Structure, Composition and Appointment 20 5.2 Appointment of new ZEC Chairperson 20 5.3 Structure of the Secretariat 20 5.4 Functions of the ZEC 20 5.5 Independence of ZEC 21 5.6 Observers in the 2018 Harmonized Elections 22 5.7 Observers' Accreditation 22 5.8 Postal Voting 23 6 VOTER REGISTRATION 24 6.1 Qualifications for Registration 24 6.2 The Right to Vote 24 6.3 Non- Compliance with Right to Vote 25 6.4 Compliance with the Right to Vote 25 6.5 Biometric Voter Registration (BVR) 25 6.6 Mop-Up Voter Registration Exercise 26 6.7 Inspection of the Voters' Roll 26 6.8 De-duplication Process 27 6.9 Voters' Roll 28 7 ANALYSIS OF THE FINAL -
Zimbabwe April 2002
Zimbabwe Country Report October 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit Immigration and Nationality Directorate Home Office, United Kingdom Zimbabwe October 2003 CONTENTS 1 Scope of the Document 1.1 - 1.4 2 Geography 2.1 - 2.3 3 Economy 3.1 4 History 4.1 - 4.175 Independence 1980 4.1 - 4.5 Matabeleland Insurgency 1983-87 4.6 - 4.9 Elections 1995 & 1996 4.10 - 4.11 Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) 4.12 - 4.13 Parliamentary Elections, June 2000 4.14 - 4.23 - Background 4.14 - 4.16 - Election Violence & Farm Occupations 4.17 - 4.18 - Election Results 4.19 - 4.23 - Post-election Violence 2000 4.24 - 4.27 - By election results in 2000 4.28 - 4.29 - Marondera West 4.28 - Bikita West 4.29 - Legal challenges to election results in 2000 4.30 Incidents in 2001 4.31 - 4.58 - Bulawayo local elections, September 2001 4.48 - 4.52 - By elections in 2001 4.53 - 4.55 - Bindura 4.53 - Makoni West 4.54 - Chikomba 4.55 - Legal Challenges to election results in 2001 4.56 - 4.58 Incidents in 2002 4.59 - 4.94 - Presidential Election, March 2002 4.59 - 4.68 - Background 4.69 - 4.81 - Election Result 4.69 - 4.72 - Rural elections September 2002 4.73 - 4.81 - By election results in 2002 4.82 - 4.89 - Hurungwe West 4.90 - 4.93 - Insiza 4.90 - Kuwadzana 4.91 - Highfield 4.92 - Legal challenges to election results in 2002 4.93 Incidents in 2003 4.94 - Mass Action 18-19 March 2003 4.95 - 4.112 - ZCTU strike 23-25 April 4.113 - 4.129 - MDC Mass Action 2-6 June 4.130 - 4.147 - Mayoral and Urban Council elections 30-31 August 4.148 - 4.164 - Mayor of Harare 4.165 -
Country Advice Zimbabwe Zimbabwe – ZWE37118 – Harare –
Country Advice Zimbabwe Zimbabwe – ZWE37118 – Harare – Movement for Democratic Change – MDC supporters – National Youth Service – Internal relocation – Tribal groups 12 August 2010 1. Please provide information on the risk of harm to active pro-MDC supporters and activists in Zimbabwe. Please also comment on the situation for people who sympathise with or secretly support the MDC but do not openly express those views. Human Rights Watch and the US Department of State report that both perceived and known MDC members and supporters, as well as their families, continue to be harassed, arbitrarily arrested, assaulted, intimidated and killed. The perpetrators are primarily members and supporters of ZANU-PF, ZANU-PF affiliated youth militia, war veterans and, to a lesser extent, police officers and security forces. On a number of occasions, citizens have reported being “harassed or assaulted for listening to music or singing songs affiliated with the MDC-T”. ZANU-PF supporters and state security agents also reportedly “abducted and tortured dozens of opposition and civil society members, as well as student leaders, as part of an effort to intimidate MDC supporters and civil society members and leaders”. Such abductions were rarely investigated by the government. Furthermore, ZANU-PF government officials reportedly removed perceived MDC supporters from civil service positions and the military.1 Political violence against perceived ZANU-PF opponents, including citizens suspected of being sympathetic to the MDC, has continued despite the signing of a power-sharing agreement between ZANU-PF and the MDC in September 2008, and the formation of the unity government in February 2009. Throughout 2009, political violence targeting opposition MDC members and supporters resulted in at least three deaths, while at least 19 people died from injuries sustained during the 2008 election-related political violence. -
Elections Election
Republic of Zimbabwe 2018 Presidential, Parliamentary, and Local Council (Harmonized) Elections Election Expert Mission Final Report The Carter Center July 2020 2018 Presidential, Parliamentary, and Local Council Elections in Zimbabwe Table of Contents Map of the Republic of Zimbabwe ............................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5 The Carter Center in Zimbabwe.................................................................................................................. 10 Historical and Political Background ........................................................................................................... 11 Table 1. Zimbabwe Facts and Figures .................................................................................................... 12 Legal Framework ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Domestic Laws............................................................................................................................................ 14 The Constitution...................................................................................................................................... 14 The Electoral Act ................................................................................................................................... -
Zimbabwe 2020 Human Rights Report
ZIMBABWE 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Zimbabwe is constitutionally a republic. The country elected Emmerson Mnangagwa president for a five-year term in 2018 in general elections. Despite incremental improvements from past elections, domestic and international observers noted serious concerns and called for further reforms necessary to meet regional and international standards for democratic elections. Numerous factors contributed to a flawed overall election process, including: the Zimbabwe Election Commission’s lack of independence; heavily biased state media favoring the ruling party; voter intimidation; unconstitutional influence of tribal leaders; disenfranchisement of alien and diaspora voters; failure to provide a preliminary voters roll in electronic format; politicization of food aid; security services’ excessive use of force; and lack of precision and transparency around the release of election results. The election resulted in the formation of a government led by the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front Party with a supermajority in the National Assembly but not in the Senate. The Zimbabwe Republic Police maintain internal security. The Department of Immigration and police, both under the Ministry of Home Affairs, are primarily responsible for migration and border enforcement. Although police are officially under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Office of the President directed some police roles and missions in response to civil unrest. The military is responsible for external security but also has some domestic security responsibilities. The Zimbabwe National Army and Air Force constitute the Zimbabwe Defense Forces and report to the minister of defense. The Central Intelligence Organization, under the Office of the President, engages in both internal and external security matters. -
The Real Change Times Movement for Democratic Change
The Real Change Times Movement for Democratic Change A Party of Excellence! The Official Mouthpiece of the MDC Tuesday 28 May MDC Information & Publicity Department, Harvest House, 44 Nelson Mandela Ave, Harare, Zimbabwe Issue 154 2013 MDC primaries in full swing The MDC primary elections are in full MP did not get the two thirds needed Mashu, Chitungwiza North, Hon. Marvellous swing with the party having completed the for confirmation, the MPs will undergo Khumalo, St Mary’s and Hon. Collen Gwiyo confirmation process of sitting MPs in three primary elections in the next two weeks. of Zengeza West. provinces by the end of the day on Sunday. “After the successful completion of the Primary elections were held in Mhondoro The primary elections are being held under three provinces, the process will today Ngezi and the following were elected to the party’s rules where sitting legislators have move to Matabeleland South, followed represent the party in the upcoming elections: to go through a confirmation exercise by their by Matabeleland North on Tuesday, Honest Manhando- Mhondoro Ngezi , Dennis constituencies. Midlands South on Wednesday, Juru- Seke, Thomas Nyamayaro and Ian Midlands North on Thursday and the Makoni for Goromonzi West. Legislators who would have secured a two Mashonaland provinces on Friday, thirds majority of the people’s votes will Manicaland on Saturday and Masvingo In Bulawayo province, the following were automatically represent the party in the province on Sunday,” said Hon. confirmed: Hon. Reggie Moyo of Luveve, forthcoming elections, which the MDC is Komichi. Hon. Samuel Sipepa Nkomo – Lobengula, expected to overwhelmingly win. -
Harare Province
Page 1 of 11 Harare Province LOCAL AUTHORITY NAME OF CONSTITUENCYWARDNUMBER NAME OF POLLING STATION FACILITY Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 1 Open Sace Cr Mabvazuva-Chaminuka Rds Tent Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 1 Open Space Rufaro Rd Cr Shops Tent Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 1 Open space Manyame Park Phase 5 Tent 3 Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 2 Shingai A Primary School Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 2 Shingai B Primary School Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 2 Zengeza Main Primary School Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 2 Chaminuka Ground Cr Ingwe/Dumukwa Tent 4 Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 St Marys Community Hall Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 Mangoromera Bus Terminus Tent Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 Open space near Mboma tukshp Tent Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 Open Space at new shopping centre Secondary School 4 Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 Chaminuka* A (Physically in ward 3 but used by waPrdri m4 avroyt eSrcsh)ool Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 Chaminuka* B (Physically in ward 3 but used by waPrdri m4 avroyt eSrcsh)ool Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 3 Chaminuka* C (Physically in ward 3 but used by waPrrdim 4a vroyt eSrcsh)ool Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 4 Dungwiza A Primary School Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 4 Dungwiza B Primary School Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 4 Dungwiza C Primary School Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 4 Jabula Hall 7 Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 5 St Marys Area F A Pre-school Chitungwiza Municipality ST.Marys 5 St Marys -
Long-Term Monitoring Report
Number. 1 Background The Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN) is gearing itself towards an impending major election, the parliamentary election of 2005. There had been a fiercely contested general election in 2000, which ushered into parliament, the most formidable opposition since independence. The emergence of the opposition party completely changed the country’s political landscape as the country witnessed unprecedented levels of political violence. Following the 2000 election in which the then nine-month old opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) won 57 of the 120 seats, the government enacted several laws that changed the electoral playing field. Most notable among these was the General Laws Amendment Act in 2001, Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (AIPPA) and the Public Order and Security Act. The enactment of these laws made the political environment in the country very restrictive for civic organisations as well as the opposition political parties. In addition to the above restrictive legislation, in 2004 parliament passed again another piece of repressive legislation, the NGO Bill that is currently awaiting the President’s signature. The NGO bill sought to ban foreign funding to all NGOs working on issues around good governance, democracy and human rights. This bill disturbed the programming of NGOs activities and hence the late preparedness of NGOs especially in view of the pending election. By elections Since 2000, ZESN observed all the 16 by-elections that were held in the country. These by-elections left MDC with 51 seats from the initial 57 whilst ZANU PF gained six more seats to have 68 seats.