University of Birmingham the Garland of Howth (Vetus Latina
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A Book Or a Tree? a Textual Variant in Revelation 22: 19
A Book or a Tree? A Textual Variant in Revelation 22: 19 Kevin L. Barney Erasmus On or about October 28, 1466, a boy was born in Rotterdam to Roger Gerard and a woman we know only as Margaret, the daughter of a physician. His birth name was Gerard Gerardson after his father, but he later would take upon himself the name by which he is known to history, Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus. Erasmus was both the name of a saint and the Greek word meaning “desired.” Desiderius was simply the Latin equivalent of Erasmus, and Roterodamus was Latin for “of Rotterdam,” the city with which he would always be closely associated, although he only lived there for the rst four years of his life. Although he was born out of wedlock, he was loved and cared for by his parents until their untimely deaths from the plague in 1483; Erasmus was only a teenager. Now orphaned, he received from the Catholic Church the nest education available to a young man in his day. Not only did he become an outstanding Latinist, but he also managed to learn Greek by studying day and night for three years. He constantly begged his friends in his letters for books and for money to pay his teachers. Erasmus was the rst to publish the New Testament in Greek, something he did in 1516. (The New Testament had already been printed in Greek two years earlier as part of the Complutensian Polyglot, but that work was not actually published until 1520 because the editors had to wait for the Old Testament portion to be nished and sanctioned by Pope Leo X.)1 Erasmus’s project began in 1512 when he undertook a new translation of the New Testament into Latin, declaring, “It is only fair that Paul should address the Romans in somewhat better Latin.”2 Erasmus was a superb Latin stylist, and he knew it (only one with tremendous condence in his Latin skills would dare to emend Jerome’s Vulgate, the established Bible at the time). -
The Johannine Comma (1 John 5:7-8)
The Johannine Comma (1 John 5:7-8) The so-called Johannine Comma (also called the Comma Johanneum) is a sequence of extra words which appear in 1 John 5:7-8 in some early printed editions of the Greek New Testament. In these editions the verses appear thus (we put backets around the extra words): ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες [ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὁ Πατήρ, ὁ Λόγος, καὶ τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα· καὶ οὗτοι οἱ τρεῖς ἔν εἰσι. 8 καὶ τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες ἐν τῇ γῇ] τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν. The King James Version, which was based upon these editions, gives the following translation: For there are three that bear record [in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. 8 And there are three that bear witness in earth], the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one. These extra words are generally absent from the Greek manuscripts. In fact, they only appear in the text of four late medieval manuscripts. They seem to have originated as a marginal note added to certain Latin manuscripts during the middle ages, which was eventually incorporated into the text of most of the later Vulgate manuscripts. In the Clementine edition of the Vulgate the verses were printed thus: Quoniam tres sunt, qui testimonium dant [in caelo: Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus Sanctus: et hi tres unum sunt. 8 Et tres sunt, qui testimonium dant in terra:] spiritus, et aqua, et sanguis: et hi tres unum sunt. -
The Development of Marian Doctrine As
INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Elizabeth Marie Farley The Development of Marian Doctrine as Reflected in the Commentaries on the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-5) by the Latin Fathers and Pastoral Theologians of the Church From the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Rev. Bertrand Buby, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2013 i Copyright © 2013 by Elizabeth M. Farley All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Nihil obstat: François Rossier, S.M., STD Vidimus et approbamus: Bertrand A. Buby S.M., STD – Director François Rossier, S.M., STD – Examinator Johann G. Roten S.M., PhD, STD – Examinator Thomas A. Thompson S.M., PhD – Examinator Elio M. Peretto, O.S.M. – Revisor Aristide M. Serra, O.S.M. – Revisor Daytonesis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 22 Augusti 2013. ii Dedication This Dissertation is Dedicated to: Father Bertrand Buby, S.M., The Faculty and Staff at The International Marian Research Institute, Father Jerome Young, O.S.B., Father Rory Pitstick, Joseph Sprug, Jerome Farley, my beloved husband, and All my family and friends iii Table of Contents Prėcis.................................................................................. xvii Guidelines........................................................................... xxiii Abbreviations...................................................................... xxv Chapter One: Purpose, Scope, Structure and Method 1.1 Introduction...................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose............................................................ -
Ebook Download the New Testament Ebook Free Download
THE NEW TESTAMENT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Nicholas King | 655 pages | 01 Dec 2004 | Kevin Mayhew Ltd | 9781844173242 | English | Suffolk, United Kingdom The New Testament PDF Book The first translation was made by at least the 3rd century into the Sahidic dialect cop sa. Word UK Ltd. Although a number of Christians have thought that church councils determined what books were to be included in the biblical canons, a more accurate reflection of the matter is that the councils recognized or acknowledged those books that had already obtained prominence from usage among the various early Christian communities. Introduction to the New Testament, Volume 2. Main article: Canonical gospels. They contain similar accounts of the events in Jesus's life and his teaching, due to their literary interdependence. Resources for Biblical Study. Start Publishing LLC. For full treatment, see biblical literature: Conditions aiding the formation of the canon. In many respects it was merely a revision of the Old Latin. No Codex Siniaticus. A brief summary of the acts was read at and accepted by the Council of Carthage and the Council of Carthage Jehovah's Witnesses Latter Day Saint movement. See media help. Ehrman , "These scribal additions are often found in late medieval manuscripts of the New Testament, but not in the manuscripts of the earlier centuries. A text-type referred to as the " Caesarean text-type " and thought to have included witnesses such as Codex Koridethi and minuscule , can today be described neither as "Caesarean" nor as a text-type as was previously thought. For this reason, the Bohairic translation can be helpful in the reconstruction of the early Greek text of the New Testament. -
Early Christian Re-Writing and the History of the Pericope Adulterae
Early Christian Re-Writing and the History of the Pericope Adulterae JENNIFER WRIGHT KNUST Texts, even sacred texts, are never fixed. Meaning is never stable and inter- pretations shift in concert with the changing concerns of those who present them. These principles are readily demonstrated by a consideration of the complex history of the pericope adulterae—a story about Jesus, an adulteress, and a group of interlocutors found in the Gospel of John. This story is absent from many early gospel manuscripts and is remarkably unstable when it does appear. There are a few second- and third-century citations of the tale, but they do not mention the identity or motives of the interlocutors, nor do they specify the guilt (or innocence) of the woman or the men who accused her. By contrast, fourth- and fifth-century exegetes regularly suggested that the inter- locutors sought to test Jesus, represented the woman as guilty, and claimed that “the Jews” were damned for their sins, readings that were preserved in gospel manuscripts. The pericope adulterae, increasingly invoked to produce Christian hegemony at the expense of “the Jews,” real or imagined, became a story about Jewish sin and Christian difference. This interpretation then influ- ence the transmission of the tale, though traces of earlier readings lingered. Efforts to fix the content and meaning of “sacred text” by ancient Chris- tians and others is always also an attempt at social scripting, as Vincent Wimbush has reminded us. “Sacred texts,” he observes, “are as much determined by society and culture as society and culture are determined Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Radcliffe Institute (January 2004) and the Society of Biblical Literature (November 2004). -
A Textual and Contextual Analysis of the Hebrew Gospels Translated from Catalan
A TEXTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE HEBREW GOSPELS TRANSLATED FROM CATALAN Pere Casanellas and Harvey J. Hames* ABSTRACT: THe first extant translation of the four Gospels into Hebrew is to be found in a late fifteentH-century manuscript kept in the Vatican Library (Vat. ebr. 100). THe study of this manuscript Has to date been rather HapHazard and very little Has been written about it. Delcor argued in 1981 that it was probably translated from Catalan and suggested that tHe translator was a Jew, probably writing at the end of tHe fifteenth-century or the start of the sixteenth-century. In this article we attempt to demonstrate that the manuscript is a copy of the original fourteenth or fifteentH century translation. It was indeed based on a Catalan translation of the Gospels, specifically, the so-called “Bíblia del segle XIV,” whicH is to be publisHed in the Corpus Biblicum Catalanicum. THere are small but significant Hints tHat the translator was a Jew writing for a JewisH audience, in order to provide them with knowledge of these core Christian texts (possibly to Help them to undermine CHristian polemicists). However, the possibility also exists that this translation was carried out by a converso for others who, in tHe aftermath of 1391 and the Tortosa disputation, Had converted or were considering conversion, in order to inform them about their new faith. 1. The manuscript of the Vatican Library Vat. ebr. 100 THe first complete translation of tHe four Gospels into Hebrew is to be found in a late fifteentH-century manuscript written in a Byzantine Hand, now in tHe Vatican Library (Vat. -
The Titles of the Gospels in the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts Simon J
The Titles of the Gospels in the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts Simon J. Gathercole (Faculty of Divinity, West Road, Cambridge, CB3 9BS, UK; [email protected]) Prolegomena The 27th Nestle-Aland hand edition of the New Testament is without doubt an extraordinary achievement, as are its many predecessors. As has sometimes been remarked, however, it does have certain flaws, and it is the purpose of the present article to identify and attempt to rectify one of these flaws. It is unfair, however, to single out Nestle-Aland, as the problem under discussion here is shared with other NT hand editions, such as the UBS and SBL texts.1 The is- sue to be addressed in this article is that of the presentation of the titles of the four gospels in the main text of the Novum Testamentum Graece as well as in its apparatus criticus. See also the Additional Note on NA28. The Nestle-Aland Titles The problems with the presentation of titles in Nestle-Aland boil down to six, sometimes overlapping, elements. First, information provided about gospel titles in NA27 is confined to the opening titles. Modern readers of course expect that a title will be provided at the beginning of a work, but this was not necessarily true in antiquity. Ancient book titles often appeared at the end of a text. Having discussed the placement of titles in rolls, Schubart notes in re early codices: ‘Wie dort [sc. in the roll], steht auch hier [sc. in the codex] der Hauptitel am Ende des Textes …’.2 The situation is actually more complicated than Schubart suggests3, but, all the same, end-titles are very significant, and at least just as common, probably even more common than opening titles. -
Pericope Adulterae 1/20
András Handl: Tertullianus on the Pericope Adulterae 1/20 TERTULLIANUS ON THE PERICOPE ADULTERAE (JOHN 7,53–8,11) Abstract Although Terullianus is deeply engaged in discussions on Christian marriage, adultery, and on the remission of (grave) sins, he never addressed the story of the woman caught in adultery known today from the Gospel of John. This essay argues that his silence cannot be explained by suppression because of the explosive nature of the story in relation to penitential discipline and to his own views and arguments. Rather, it proposes that the pericope adulterae was unknown in Carthage at his time. 1. Introduction The story of the woman caught in adultery in the Gospel of John (7,53–8,11) represents one of the most mysterious New Testament passages. Omitted in early manuscripts, the circulation and dissemination of the pericope adulterae (henceforth the PA) is controversially discussed. Already C. R. Gregory (1846–1917) claimed that the PA had been “very often read, and especially at a very early time.”1 H. Riesenfeld (1913–2008) assessed that the Latin translation of the passage ”appears sporadically before the Vulgate and then in the entire Vulgate tradition.”2 This judgement has been criticised by T. O'Loughlin. Based on the number of extant Vetus Latina fragments, he came to the conclusion that the PA “was more likely [included] than not to have been present [in the Vetus Latina] prior to the dominance of the Vulgate.”3 According to J. W. Knust, “the pericope was present only in a few copies of John in the early second century―which seems to be a likely conclusion given the patristic and manuscript evidence.”4 In a statement―often considered as the actual communis opinio―, B. -
Kilpatrick' Greek New Testament Edition of 1958
Early Readers, Scholars and Editors of the New Testament Texts and Studies 11 Series Editor H. A. G. Houghton Editorial Board Jeff W. Childers Christina M. Kreinecker Alison G. Salvesen Peter J. Williams Text and Studies is a series of monographs devoted to the study of Biblical and Patristic texts. Maintaining the highest scholarly standards, the series includes critical editions, studies of primary sources, and analyses of textual traditions. Early Readers, Scholars and Editors of the New Testament Papers from the Eighth Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament Edited by H. A. G. Houghton 2014 Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2014 by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2014 ܚ ISBN 978-1-4632-0411-2 ISSN 1935-6927 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (8th : 2013 : University of Birmingham) Early readers, scholars, and editors of the New Testament : papers from the Eighth Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament / edited by H.A.G. Houghton. pages cm. -- (Texts and studies, ISSN 1935-6927 ; 11) Proceedings of the Eighth Birmingham Colloquium on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, held in the Orchard Learning Resource Centre at the University of Birmingham, March 4-6, 2013. -
What Scriptures Or Bible Nearest to Original Hebrew Scriptures? Anong Biblia Ang Pinaka-Malapit Sa Kasulatang Hebreo
WHAT BIBLE TO READ WHAT SCRIPTURES OR BIBLE NEAREST TO ORIGINAL HEBREW SCRIPTURES? ANONG BIBLIA ANG PINAKA-MALAPIT SA KASULATANG HEBREO KING JAMES BIBLE OLD TESTAMENT IS THE NEAREST TO ORIGINAL HEBREW SCRIPTURES BECAUSE THE OLD TESTAMENT WAS DIRECTLY TRANSLATED FROM HEBREW COLUMN OF ORIGENS’S HEXAPLA. KING JAMES BIBLE ALSO WAS COMPARED TO NEWLY FOUND DEAD SEA SCROLL WITH CLOSE AND VERY NEAR TRANSLATION TO THE TEXT FOUND ON DEAD SEA SCROLL ni Isagani Datu-Aca Tabilog WHAT SCRIPTURES OR BIBLE NEAREST TO ORIGINAL HEBREW SCRIPTURES? KING JAMES BIBLE OLD TESTAMENT IS THE NEAREST TO ORIGINAL HEBREW SCRIPTURES BECAUSE THE OLD TESTAMENT WAS DIRECTLY TRANSLATED FROM HEBREW COLUMN OF ORIGENS’S HEXAPLA. KING JAMES BIBLE ALSO WAS COMPARED TO NEWLY FOUND DEAD SEA SCROLL WITH CLOSE AND VERY NEAR TRANSLATION TO THE TEXT FOUND ON DEAD SEA SCROLL Original King Iames Bible 1611 See the Sacred Name YAHWEH in modern Hebrew name on top of the Front Cover 1 HEXAPLA FIND THE DIFFERENCE OF DOUAI BIBLE VS. KING JAMES BIBLE Genesis 6:1-4 Genesis 17:9-14 Isaiah 53:8 Luke 4:17-19 AND MANY MORE VERSES The King James Version (KJV), commonly known as the Authorized Version (AV) or King James Bible (KJB), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England begun in 1604 and completed in 1611. First printed by the King's Printer Robert Barker, this was the third translation into English to be approved by the English Church authorities. The first was the Great Bible commissioned in the reign of King Henry VIII, and the second was the Bishops' Bible of 1568. -
1.The Purple Gospels in Context 2. Introduction
1.THE PURPLE GOSPELS IN CONTEXT 2. INTRODUCTION: Phoenician civilization was based on the commerce of purple, a pigment obtained from the secretions of a mollusc, and their invention of the phonetic alphabet, uguaritic and semitic, written ‘boustrophedon’, as oxen plough fields back and forth, and in continuous scripts without spaces between words. Documentation of both of these comes from the fourteenth century before Christ.1 3. I. THE ALPHABET AND THE BIBLE In 2001 I organized an international conference on ‘The City and the Book’, on the Alphabet and the Bible, together with Jewish, Russian, English, Irish, Islandic, Spanish and Italian scholars. We discussed how the Alphabet and the Bible in Florence, came from outside of Europe yet are the base of our European civilization. It had begun with the Phoenician letters along the trade routes which became the Etruscan and runic letters that reached all the way to Iceland, where I have seen them on the keyboards of their computers.2 4. Before this phonetic maritime alphabet were the cuneiform (also Irish ogham) and hieroglpyhic images of the Tigris, Euphrates and Nile river valleys, as are still the pictograms of China and Japan. The Bible in Hebrew, christianized with the addition of the New Testament with the Gospel, instead adopted the variants of the alphabet that were developed in the territories conquered by Imperial Rome, the same letters seen today on the screen. At the beginning we had the Bible in Hebrew, its Torah, the five books of the Pentateuch, then in Greek, the Septuagint, but also the Gospels in Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, Glagolitic and Cyrillic. -
A Textual Commentary on the Greek Received Text of the New Testament, Volume 2 (Matthew 15-20), 2009
i A TEXTUAL COMMENTARY ON THE GREEK RECEIVED TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Being the Greek Text used in the AUTHORIZED VERSION also known as the KING JAMES VERSION also known as the AUTHORIZED (KING JAMES) VERSION also known as the KING JAMES BIBLE also known as the SAINT JAMES VERSION by Gavin Basil McGrath B.A., LL.B. (Sydney University), Dip. Ed. (University of Western Sydney), Dip. Bib. Studies (Moore Theological College). Formerly of St. Paul’s College, Sydney University. Textual Commentary, Volume: 2 St. Matthew’s Gospel Chapters 15-20. Verbum Domini Manet in Aeternum “The Word of the Lord Endureth Forever” (I Peter 1:25). ii McGrath, Gavin (Gavin Basil), b. 1960. A Textual Commentary on the Greek Received Text of the New Testament, Volume 2 (Matthew 15-20), 2009. Available on the internet http://www.gavinmcgrathbooks.com . Published & Printed in Sydney, New South Wales. Copyright © 2009 by Gavin Basil McGrath. P.O. Box 834, Nowra, N.S.W., 2541, Australia. Dedication Sermon, preached at Mangrove Mountain Union Church, Mangrove Mountain, N.S.W., 2250, Australia, on Thursday 5 November, 2009. Oral recorded form presently available at http://www.sermonaudio.com/kingjamesbible . This copy of Volume 2 (Matt. 15-20) incorporates corrigenda changes from Appendix 6 of the Revised Volume 1 (Matt. 1-14) © 2010 by Gavin Basil McGrath, Appendix 6 of Volume 3 (Matt. 21-25) © 2011 by Gavin Basil McGrath; Appendix 6 of Volume 4 (Matt. 26-28) © 2012 by Gavin Basil McGrath; Appendix 6 of Volume 5 (Mark 1-3) © 2015 by Gavin Basil McGrath; and Appendix 6 of Volume 6 (Mark 4 & 5) © 2016 by Gavin Basil McGrath.