Lochdhu, Nairn Highland Region Desk-Based Assessment Report No
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Lochdhu, Nairn Highland Region Desk-Based Assessment Report No. 1814 CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD The Old Engine House Eskmills Business Park Musselburgh East Lothian EH21 7PQ Tel: 0131 273 4380 Fax: 0131 273 4381 email: [email protected] web: www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk Author Magnus Kirby MA FSA Scot AIfA Illustrator Graeme Carruthers MA MAAIS Editor Melanie Johnson MA PHD FSA Scot MIfA Commissioned by Scotia Homes (North) Ltd, Barratt East Scotland and Robertson Homes Date issued August 2010 Version 0 OASIS Reference N/A Planning Application No N/A Grid Ref NH 877 548 This document has been prepared in accordance with CFA Archaeology Ltd standard operating procedures. Lochdhu, Nairn Highland Region Desk-Based Assessment Report No. 1814 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Planning and Legislative Background 3 3. Methods 5 4. Archaeological Baseline 5 5. Discussion 7 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Gazetteer of Sites and Monuments 10 ILLUSTRATIONS (bound at rear) Fig. 1 Sites within study area Fig. 2 Aerial photograph of Site 2 MUDL/1814/0 2 CFA 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 This report presents the results of an archaeological desk-based assessment for a proposed mixed use development at Lochdhu, Nairn, Highland Region (NGR: NH 877 548) (Fig. 1). CFA Archaeology was commissioned by Scotia Homes (North) Ltd, Barratt East Scotland and Robertson Homes to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment with the objectives of: • identifying the archaeological baseline within the study area; • assessing the study area in terms of its archaeological potential. 2. PLANNING AND LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND 2.1 Context 2.1.1 Scotland’s historic environment contributes to the Scottish Government’s strategic objectives and to the National Performance Framework. The Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP) document sets out Scottish Ministers’ policies for the historic environment, and provides policy direction for Historic Scotland and a framework that informs the day-to-day work of a range of organisations that have a role and interest in managing the historic environment. Through SHEP Scottish Ministers are determined to achieve three outcomes for Scotland’s historic environment: 1) That the historic environment is cared for, protected and enhanced for the benefit of our own and future generations. 2) To secure greater economic benefits from the historic environment. 3) That the people of Scotland and visitors to our country value, understand and enjoy the historic environment. 2.1.2 Cultural heritage resources include sites with statutory and non-statutory designations, as defined in Scottish Planning Policy (SPP). Sites with statutory designations include: • Scheduled Monuments. • Listed Buildings. • Conservation Areas. • Designated Wrecks. 2.1.3 Sites with non-statutory designations include: • World Heritage Sites. • Gardens and Designed Landscapes. • Other Historic Environment Interests. 2.1.4 Relevant features here are other historic environment interests. MUDL/1814/0 3 CFA 2.2 Sites with Non-Statutory Designations Other Historic Environment Interests 2.2.1 There is a range of other non-designated archaeological sites, monuments and areas of historic interest, including battlefields, historic landscapes, other gardens and designed landscapes, woodlands and routes such as drove roads that do not have statutory protection. Sites without statutory protection are curated by the local planning authority, and SPP and PAN 42 provide national planning policy guidance and advice on the treatment of such resources. 2.2.2 SPP requires that planning authorities ensure that development plans provide land use policy frameworks for the protection, conservation and enhancement of the historic environment within which any development impacts can be properly assessed. PAN 42 indicates that the principle that should underlie all planning decision-making is preservation of cultural resources in situ, where possible, and by record if destruction cannot be avoided. It is recognised in the PAN that preservation may not always be possible, and where damage is unavoidable various mitigation measures may be proposed. 2.3 Structure and Local Plan Structure Plan 2.3.1 Paragraph 2.15.6 of the Highland Structure Plan 2001 states that Strategic Policy G2 preserves archaeological sites and their settings wherever possible. If exceptionally, this proves impossible, The Council will seek to mitigate the impact and require that features be fully recorded to professional standards before destruction, by excavation if necessary. The case for preservation applies particularly to monuments of national importance, some of which are scheduled monuments. NPPG 5 Archaeology and Planning, indicates the importance attached to preservation in situ, and within an appropriate setting, of such monuments of national importance. In addition to planning consent, the prior written consent of Scottish Ministers in terms of scheduled monument consent is required for any work affecting them. 2.3.2 Policy BC1 (Preservation of archaeological sites) states that archaeological sites affected by development proposals should be preserved, or, in exceptional circumstances where preservation is impossible, the sites will be recorded at developers’ expense to professional standards. Provision will be made in Local Plans for the appropriate protection, preservation and enhancement of archaeological sites. Nairnshire Local Plan 2000 2.3.3 Paragraph 1.34 (Heritage and Environment) of the Nairnshire Local Plan states that a sustainable future requires to balance protection for the environment with responsible development and management of the area’s resources. MUDL/1814/0 4 CFA 3. METHODS 3.1 This assessment was conducted in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists’ Code of Conduct (IfA 2002) and relevant Standards and Guidance. Recording and assessment were conducted according to established CFA methods. A list of all sources consulted during the assessment is provided in Section 7. 3.2 Up-to-date information was sought from the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) on Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other archaeological sites present within the proposed development area. Information was also gathered on sites within 500m radius of the proposed development area that would provide some indication of its archaeological potential. 3.3 Ordnance Survey maps and other early maps held by the Map Library of the National Library of Scotland were examined, to provide information on sites of potential significance and to assess historic landscape changes within the study area. 3.4 An assessment was made of vertical and oblique aerial photograph collections held by RCAHMS, in order to identify previously unrecorded buried sites and sites with low relief not readily visible on the ground. Sorties dating from 1946 to 1996 were available for examination. 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BASELINE 4.1 General 4.1.1 The proposed development area is situated on the southern outskirts of the town of Nairn in the fork between the B9090 and the B9091. It lies immediately to the west of the River Nairn between the settlements of Lochdhu, Howford, Broadley, Firhall and Balblair. 4.1.2 The market town of Nairn is the county town for the wider county of Nairn (Nairnshire). Following the development of the harbour by Thomas Telford during the 1820s, fishing became an important part of the local economy and saw the ongoing development of the town around the area of the harbour. With the arrival of the railway it became a popular seaside resort during the second half of the 19th century, which led to the development of the large Victorian villas in the West End. Today, Nairn has a population of c. 11,000 people and remains a popular tourist destination. 4.1.3 Numbers in bold and parentheses are study specific site numbers. These sites are depicted on Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and more detailed information for them is provided in Appendix 1. MUDL/1814/0 5 CFA 4.2 Cartographic Sources 4.2.1 The earliest cartographic source consulted was Pont’s map of 1583-1601. This map depicts Nairn and Broadley (spelt Bratdley), but there was insufficient detail to allow the proposed development area to be accurately pinpointed. 4.2.2 Roy’s map (c. 1750) depicts Balblair (spelt Balvashair) and Broadley (spelt Bredley). Also depicted is a lochan annotated ‘Black Loch’, which would explain the origin of the name ‘Lochdhu’. The lochan appears to lie outwith the proposed development area on the western side of the B9091. The proposed development area was not clearly identifiable, but the area around Balblair and Broadley is depicted as being under rig and furrow cultivation. 4.2.3 The earliest map to depict the current spelling of the place names was Thomson’s map of 1832. This map depicts Balblair, Firhall and Broadley. A lochan annotated ‘Loch of the Clans’ is depicted to the south-west of Broadley and an unnamed lochan is depicted between Firhall and Broadley. The Loch of the Clans may be the same as the Black Loch depicted on Roy’s map and appears to lie outwith the proposed development area. It is possible that the smaller of the two lochans lies within the proposed development area, but the quality of the mapping does not allow this to be determined with any great degree of certainty. 4.2.4 The Ordnance Survey six-inch 1st Edition (1871) is the earliest map to depict the proposed development area in detail. This map depicts an area of improved farmland, with field boundaries, roads and shelterbelts. The farmland appears largely as it does on the current map, with the same field boundaries and road layout. Two additional cultural heritage sites were identified. These consisted of a farmstead annotated ‘Broadley’ (Site 3) and an unnamed structure (Site 4) situated on the crossroads to the west of Broadley. The current Ordnance Survey map depicts a single structure at Broadley within the location of the farmstead, but does not show the complex of buildings that appear on the 1871 map. The structure at the crossroads is not depicted on the current map.