THE AMERICAN

MAGAZINE JUL

THE ORDEAL OF LEONARD WOOD THE TRAGIC STORY OF OUR ORIGINAL CUBAN FAILURE BY CLARENCE WOODBURY

Leonard about Jan. 1 to give Cuba

MILLION DOLLAR VALUE FROM THOUSAND DOLLAR GIFTS The story of an amazing foundation

OUR OWN JAPANESE IN THE PACIFIC WAR By Bill Hosokawa 4 / Mi

'"mm-

temper paratus

Official U.S. Coast Guard March Song H By CAPTAIN FRANCIS SALTUS VAN BOSKERCK, U.S.C.G.

Verse From Aztec shore to Arctic Zone, To Europe and Far East,

The Flag is carried by our ships In times of war and peace;

And never have we struck it yet In spite of foemen's might, Who cheered our crews and cheered again For showing how to fight CHORUS So here's the Coast Guard marching song, We sing on land or sea. Through surf and storm and howling gale, High shall our purpose be. "Semper Paratus" is our guide, Our fame, our glory, too, To fight to save or fight and die! Aye! Coast Guard, we are for you. 2nd Verse SURVEYOR and NARCISSUS, The eagle and dispatch, The Hudson and the tampa, The names are hard to match; From Barrow's shores to Paraguay, Great Lakes or ocean's wave, The Coast Guard fought through storms and winds To punish or to save. 3rd Verse Aye, we've been "Always Ready" To do, to fight, or die Write glory to the shield we wear In letters to the sky. To sink the foe or save the maimed Our mission and our pride,

We'll carry on 'til Kingdom Come Ideals for which we've died. The American

JULY 1964

Valium' 77. Number I

LEGION POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1055, Magazine Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 The American Legion Magazine Contents for July 1964 Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue SEMPER PARATUS Opposite New York, New York 10019 ART BY WALLY RICHARDS Publisher, James F. O'Ncil Editor The Coast Guard song, done up so you Ruben I!. Pitkin can cut it out for framing. Art Editor A] Marshall MILWAUKEE REVIVES THE CIRCUS PARADE 5 Associate Editors A pictorial feature J.,hn \ndreola Roy Miller FORT TICONDEROGA, N.Y. 7 James S. Swartz Production Manager BY ALDEN STEVENS \n Bretzfteld First in a new series for motorists Copy Editor on "Seeing Historic America." Grail S. Hanford Contributing Editor THINGS THAT NEVER CHANGE 8 Pete Martin Manager BY NATIONAL COMMANDER DANIEL F. FOLEY Circulation Dean B. Nelson We live in a "changing world"—except for the Indianapolis, Ind. values by which men must live. Advertising Director Robert P. Redden ALL EYES ON THE NEW YORK FAIR 9 Chicago-Detroit Sales Office Ban J. Burns pictorial feature A 35 East Waeker Drive Chi. ago. 111. 60601 THE ORDEAL OF LEONARD WOOD 10 CEntral 6-2101 BY CLARENCE WOODBURY How a great American tried to set Cuba on a path CHANGE OF ADDRESS: that might not have ended with Castro— Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1055, and how we failed him. Indianapolis, Ind.. 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label anil OUR OWN JAPANESE IN THE PACIFIC WAR 15 give old and new addresses and current membership card number. Also be sure to BY B/LL HOSOKAWA notify your Post Adjutant. The little-known saga of 6,000 Japanese Americans who served against Japan in the The American Legion Pacific at enormous risk. Publications Commission: Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk. Iowa GOODBYE TO THE REDWOODS? 18 (Chairman); Adolpll F. Bremer, Winona, Chairman) Lang Armstrong, BY ROBERT AND LEONA RIENOW Minn. (Vice ; Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting Man is dealing a lethal blow to our narrow belt ton, W. Va.; John Cicero, Swoyerville. Pa.; of West Coast Redwoods. E. J. Cooper, Hollywood. Fla.; Clovis Cope- laud. Morrilton, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down THE WORLD'S BIGGEST TROUT FISHING PARTY 20 ingtown.Pa,.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; George I). PHOTOS BY BRUCE McALLISTER Levy, Sumter. S. C: Edward Longstreth, I.a Jolla. Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y.; How 10,000 youngsters go after 7,000 big trout Calif.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; Robert in Denver, Colo., every year. Mitchler, Oswego, lit.; Harry H. SchalTer. Pittsburgh. Pa.; Harold A. Shindler, Lafayette, AMERICA'S BIGGEST LITTLE FOUNDATION 22 Ind.: William F. Taylor, Creensburg. Ky.; BY VIRGINIA HEATWOLE ROBERTS Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder. Dadeville', Ala.; Howard E. Loh- The ten-year record of a unique foundation that gets man. Moorhead. Minn. Edward McSweeney, million-dollar results for America's children Armonk, N. Y. (Consultant) from thousand- dollar gifts. IS A NATIONWIDE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM NECESSARY? 24 The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville. TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Ky., by The American Legion. Copyright 1961 by The American Legion. Second-class pro: REP. ELIZABETH VA.) KEE (D-W. postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single con: REP. CHARLES B. HOEVEN (R-IOWA) copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- IT'S ALWAYS WAR IN THE COAST GUARD 26 culation Department of The American Legion. P.O. Box 1055. Indianapolis. Ind. 16206 PHOTOS BY U.S. COAST GUARD Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th \ve.. A look at duty in a branch of the service New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by whose enemies never sleep. The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis. Ind. 46206. Daniel Commander. Deportments F. Foley, National

2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 Publisher's Representatives EDITOR'S CORNER 4 PERSONAL 43 West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. 6 BOOKS 48 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. ROD & GUN CLUB 30 LEGION SHOPPER 54 Northwest The Harlowe Co. Seattle, Wash. 98101 31 PARTING SHOTS .16 Southeast Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Dawson Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Miami, Fla. & Atlanta. Ga.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 sir: Orchids for your outstanding June issue! I have read General Douglas Mac- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Arthur's farewell, "Duty, Honor, Coun- try," many times. Every time I read it I learn additional meaning, which indi- cates its depth. It should rank with the Letters published do not necessarily ex- us as if we were a half-time activity masterpieces. press the policy of The American Legion. football plane ripped off Keep letters short. Name and address must at a game. One Charles E. Ziegenfuss be furnished. Expressions of opinion and our radar screen, hit the water, smashed Pittsburgh, Pa. requests for personal services are appreci- our sounding gear, left part of a ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or and answered, due to lack of magazine staff for I still wing aboard, part of which have. sir: "How I Make Money as a Part- these purposes. Requests for personal serv- polished off six of the 13 planes. It ices which may be legitimately asked of We Time Inventor," by Mr. Powell (May), The American Legion should be made to is my hope that if you tell a little of should be required reading by any in- your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send this, some readers may find it interesting dependent inventor who expects to profit letters to the editor to: Letters, The and they might include old buddies on from his inventions. It accurately cau- American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- the Butler with whom I lost touch. nue, New York, N. Y. 10019. tions the inventor on what he will have Leo C. Gavitt to pay attention to besides getting a ALASKAN QUAKE 622 Dickerson Lake Drive patent, if he wishes a return on an in- Stanton, Mich. sir: The prompt action of The American vention. I would like reprints of this for Legion to help rebuild Alaska is won- some of my clients who are independent THE YOUNGER GENERATION derful news. I have just read your edi- inventors. torial in the May issue. Your citation of sir: I am 16, but I enjoy the Legion (NAME WITHHELD) the Legion Preamble with the urging Magazine as much, if not more, than Patent Attorney "Don't put this off" has special meaning. most of my elders. When I was younger, Philadelphia, Pa. Sen. Ernest Gruening (Alaska) my father would bring it in from the United States Senate mail box and read me the cartoons. He sir: Tom Mahoney's May story "The Washington, D. C. no longer reads the cartoons to me, but Sinking of the Sultana" hit close to I look forward every month to reading home. My uncle, Ben Warner, and his sir: We count it among our blessings the wonderful articles. cousin enlisted in the Union army at 16, that within the city of Anchorage, Colleen Ann Crawford and were taken prisoner. They were

Alaska, Jack Henry Post 1, American Staten Island, N. Y. scheduled to be shipped north on the Legion, functioned above and beyond Sultana at the war's end. Uncle Ben was the call of duty during and after this sir: I am 16 and read all my father's too weak to go on board, and collapsed continent's largest earthquake. Legion Magazines, and think it a shame when within sight of the ship. His cousin Jay Perry, General Manager that more people don't get it. Many peo- refused to leave him as the Sultana Station KFQD ple would find it educational. As sailed on its fateful mission. My grand- Anchorage, Alaska examples I'd mention "What is the father sold his oxen to raise money to European Common Market?" in Feb- go get the boys, and they lived to a ripe sir: At the time of the Alaskan earth- ruary, and the January interview with old age, thanks, perhaps, to missing the quake our Junior Auxiliary girls came Commissioner Giordano on narcotics Sultana trip. forward with the grownups in the control. P. W. Caris Legion relief work here—baby-sitting, Leslie Martin Trenton, N. J. separating clothes, scrubbing floors, Scottsboro, Ala. making thousands of sandwiches, wash- sir: Bouquets for your "A Look at Dal- ing dishes, cleaning kitchen, serving sir: I was very much impressed by "The las, Texas," in the June issue. The peo- food, helping with injections, etc. It was Wild Teen-Agers of the Captive Na- ple of Dallas will see to it that the an honor to serve with these ten daugh- tions," (May). I am a teen-ager myself Legionnaires will really have a ball, as ters of our Auxiliary Unit: Dee Burn- and now I can really understand why you said, when they have their conven- ham, Susan Canoose, Helen Letts, Nike there is so great a need for good citizens tion there in September. Batner, Pat Bush, Debbie Allen, Laura in the future of America, especially if Mercer H. Parker Stockdale, Suzan Schank, Peggy Schank we are to deal with the future citizens of Richardson, Tex. and Vickie Olson. other nations. Mrs. J. R. Maley Nancy Garasz THE HOME FLAGPOLE American Legion Auxiliary Unit 1 Buffalo, N. Y. sir: Harold Blaisdell's article in May on

Anchorage , Alaska a homemade flagpole was interesting. I COMMENT ON ARTICLES had a similarly handsome pole made out HINKY-DINKY, PARLEZ-VOUS sir: Thank you for the reference to the of old pipe for my farm near Waterloo, sir: If any of your readers missed a cer- New York Life Insurance Co. in your 111. Our pole is 42 feet high, it cost only tain UP story in April, they might get May "Editor's Corner," where you re- $25 and flies the biggest flag I could get. a bang out of having it called to their ferred to a survey of ours showing that At least six homeowners have dropped attention. Armentieres, France, it said, more than a few people live to 96—and in to get all the particulars and several will unveil a statue of its "mademoi- over. It should satisfy the raised-eye- of them put up poles on their own selle from Armentieres" next year. brow queries of some of your readers as premises. She'll be portrayed on a platform sup- to Chief William Red Fox being able Carl Rueck ported by four doughboys. to have been present at Custer's Last St. Louis, Mo. Martin B. Devries Stand. Our supplying information in Grand Rapids, Mich. connection with General Custer raised sir: I feel as Blaisdell does about flying a few amused eyebrows around here, the flag. A friend had an old 20-foot pole DE 339 & KAMIKAZES too. We had insured General Custer and that he (sadly) wasn't using. It had been sir: As requested in your Newsletter, 5 of his officers, all of whom lost their hacked down and was rusting. He gave I've contacted Arnold Lott, of Annap- lives on the banks of the Little Big Horn it to me, and I reconditioned it at a cost olis, Md., who's doing a book on the on June 25, 1876. Our records still show, of about $5. It is now standing in my kamikaze attacks on the Okinawa picket in careful longhand, the entries made in terraced rock garden, the only flagpole line in May 1945. Aboard the USS John Nov. 1876 at the time the beneficiaries for several blocks, and I've just ordered Clarence Butler (DE339) we were set on were paid. a new flag for it from the Legion's Em- by 13 enemy suicide planes when on John M. K. Abbott, Vice President blem Sales Division. patrol alone on May 20, so close to Ie New York Life Insurance Co. Watson Howden Shima that men ashore were watching New York, N. Y. Oakland, Calif.

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 Consult Eastern Air Lines for the most convenient and comfortable flight to the convention Eastern's gotten so good at getting conventioneers to conventions, to call anybody else is unconventional. An Eastern ticket agent will find the ideal flight for you— one that neatly wraps up all the special considerations of family, fare, business considerations, after- convention travel plans, get-away time, you name it. \_ And Eastern people guard that special carefree convention spirit of yours— with impeccable service, special attention on the ground and in the air, helpfulness in every possible way. Always remember— Eastern's got the planes and the connections to get you anywhere. For information, call Eastern Air Lines or your Travel Agent.

came fly with Eastern

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 3 —

noting here that it was the Vice President day," or "There's a great great guy we of the Philippine Republic, Emanuel Pe- know who's a credit to civilization." laez, speaking to the Philippine convention EDITOR'S Apropos of absolutely nothing much in of The American Legion just this May, the news, we just want to say something who quoted Woodrow Wilson as follows: about ( 1 ) something good that happened, —CORNER— "Democracy is a habit of state created and about (2) a great guy to whom Amer- by long-established circumstances, and it icans are indebted, but who hasn't had HEROIC & PATHETIC is possible for a nation only in the adult any medals pinned on him lately. stages of its political life. The people who have been surprised that, since ( 1 ) In May they gave out 20 "Tonys" We maintain such a government must have Castro took over Cuba in 1959, our —which are the "Oscars" of the Broadway gone through a period of political training sister news media in the United States stage. The musical comedy "Hello, which shall have prepared them by grad- have said so little to refresh our memories Dolly!", starring Carol Channing, gar- ual steps of acquired privilege for assum- of U.S. -Cuban relations since the Spanish nered exactly ten of the Tonys. Nothing

ing entire control of their affairs. . . . American War. Modern reporters, it could be more exactly right. It's hard to Democracy is an institution of political seems, don't want to be reporters half so get tickets to "Hello, Dolly!" before Judg- noonday, not of the half-light of political much as they want to be prophets—and ment Day, it seems. "Hello, Dolly!" is dawn. ... It is poison to the infant but so, today, we have "interpretive journal- clean. There's not a hint of smut or off- ." tonic to the man. . . ism." Editors and writers and newsbroad- color, or violence. It is just an absolute The Philippines had such training, Cuba cast producers are in such a sweat to tell joy. It makes audiences absolutely happy. did not, for we did not permit our military us what is about to happen that we learn They stop the show every night because governor, Leonard Wood, the time he less and less of what has already hap- it delights them just plain delights them needed—the precious time. — pened. Yet with knowledge of past events with wholesome, beautifully-done, lovely- Today we see the same mistake being we can be our own prophets. Here on to-listen-to. happy-to-watch entertainment. made all over the world, as new nations these pages we give you "The Ordeal of Even the scenery changes are a delight. — untrained in self-government — are Leonard Wood—the Tragic Story of Our To producer David Merrick, to director- launched faster than rockets from Original Cuban Failure," by Clarence Cape choreographer Gower Champion, to Kennedy. Mr. Woodbury's story may help Woodbury. It is at once the heroic and writer Michael Stewart, to composer- you be a prophet about their future, too. pathetic account of how we failed a great lyricist Jerry Herman, to wonderful star American when he was in a position to SOME GOOD THINGS Carol Channing—and all the others—our lead Cuba to true constitutional repub- personal headline for something good. licanism more than 60 years ago. In spite of all we have to gripe about (2) As for the great guy, we nominate We ask our readers not to take lightly I often with good reason—this is proba- Irving Berlin. His songs for fifty years or Mr. Woodbury's suggestion that if we bly a better world than it claims to be. so—starting we guess with "Alexander's hadn't gotten out of Cuba so fast, Cuba Bad, awful, fearful, terrible, fateful, hor- Ragtime Band"—have brought joy and might have had a happier history since. rid, nasty things make the headlines, but pleasure to all the American people. The Mr. Woodbury cites the case of the Phil- nobody rushes to press with big black type list of them is enormous. Veterans and ippines at the end of his article. It is worth saying "Something good happened yester- people who unashamedly love America should have a special reason for a tip of the hat to Irving Berlin. He wrote "God Bless America," a simple, moving patri- otic song that anyone can sing. More than that he wrote familiar music for the two great world wars. As a doughboy at the WW1 army camp at Yaphank, N. Y., he Could Gordon's wrote army music that included "Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning." In WW2 he wrote the music and songs for possibly "This is the Army," and he went to the overseas theaters with the show. We sat beside him as "This is the Army" opened be older than at the GI theater on the island of Manus, just off the equator in the Southwest Pa- cific. After they played The Star-Spangled the London Bobby? Banner we turned to him and said: "That's one of the few patriotic songs that wasn't Surprisingly enough, yes. It was in 1829 written by John Philip Sousa. George M. that Sir Robert Peel reorganized Cohan or yourself." Mr. Berlin retorted: "And if we'd been around then one of the London Metropolitan Police, who us would have written that, too." Cocky? promptly became known as "Peelers"or f We'll take cockiness from a guy whose "Bobbies". But this was sixty years afier record can back it up. He went from GORDON'S into the camps where the Alexander Gordon had introduced his Manus jungle whole big show couldn't go. We saw him remarkable gin to London and given it again at Hollandia, New Guinea, at his name. Happily, the Gordon's you Distilled Christmas season, 1944—just he and drink today is based on that original London Dry Lanny Ross. Mr. Berlin has no singing Gin voice. None whatsoever. But he sang with 1769 formula. That explains its unique the voice he has, and the guys loved it. dryness and delicate flavour. Explains, They made him sing his "White Christ- too, why Gordon's is the biggest sell- mas" over and over, and there were tears ing gin in England, America, the world. in their eyes as they sat at Christmas time in the dust and stink of the New Guinea .PRODUCT OF U.S.A. 100% NEUTRAL SPIRITS DISTILLED FROM GRAIN. 90 PROOF. GORDON'S DRY GIN CO., LTD., LINDEN. N.J jungle. Voice? He didn't need a voice. He was the guy who wrote the song.

If we wait for this to be news, it will never be said. RBP

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 MILWAUKEE JOURNAL

Milwaukee, Wis., proved dramatically last liopes. Ringling Brothers-Barnum & Bailey 4th of July that the old-time circus parade and the Circus World Museum in Baraboo, MILWAUKEE REVIVES still has its old appeal. A half million peo- Wis., provided most of the props. Among ple jammed streets to see the elephants, the the mounted bands was that of the Oco- wild beasts caged in gaudy old circus nomowoc (Wis.) American Legion Post. So THE CIRCUS PARADE wagons, trick riders, and clowns; and to successful was the show that it will go on hear the mounted bands and the wail of cal- again this Independence Day.

ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH

n top photo, mobs jam Milwaukee streets to see the animals. Bottom photo, trainer brings out elephants and zebra for the big, noisy march.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 5 .

DILEMMA OF PRAYERS. PAYOLA SCANDAL AGAIN?

MISSILE FLEET FOR NATO.

Although 150 bills have been introduced in Congress PEOPLE AND QUOTES to override the U . S. Supreme Court ' s ruling against prayers _in public schools , don' t expect quick Congres- RED CHINA: RUSSIAN VIEW sional action. "What do you think the Chi- Congress rarely rushes through controversial legis- nese workers and peasants lation, especially when it concerns changes in the Con- would prefer if we talked to stitution . . . The House Judiciary Committee was re- them face to face and offered luctant to proceed before completing a thorough study them a choice between war and of the potential impact of the legislation on the First rice? I think they would take Amendment of the Constitution, but was forced to hold the rice." Soviet Premier hearings by members of the House who threatened to Khrushchev. bring the issue out by means of a discharge petition. House hearings have revealed sharp, deep differences RED CHINA: U.S. VIEW of opinion of and passion among leaders the major re- ". . . The Chinese people, I am ligions and of other sectors of American life . . . confident, understand that there Congress, sorely perplexed, needs inspiration . . . is much to be said for a full life Chairman Emanuel Celler, of New York, at one point dur- over nuclear death. The day ing the hearings, told a witness: "We need all the may not be too distant when prayers can give you us." Chinese leadership will also have to accept what the Chinese people understand." Senate Even as Washington and the nation keeps learning new — — Majority Leader Mike Mans- tidbits about the influence-riddled Bobby Baker case, field, D-Mont. some news diggers here are already sniffing into the headline p ossibilities of another payola scandal It was only a matter of months ago that a special FRANCE PREDICTS House Committee turned the harsh glare of publicity on "As long as the ambitions of some of the worst abuses plaguing the radio-TV industry the Soviets . . . hold over the

—payola, plugola, fixed contests, and the like . . . free world . . . the threat of a Congress got mad enough to add criminal penalties to terrible conflict, France is in the law books to halt the dishonest practices. danger of destruction and inva- However, with the spotlight passing on to other sion, with no certitude that her scandals, not only is payola back in broadcasting, but "in American allies, themselves di- certain fields may even have increased," the Federal Com- rectly exposed to death, would munications Commission has quietly reported to Congress. find themselves able to protect her from them." Charles de Gaulle, President of France. Despite a cold shoulder by France and lack of eager- ness by our other Western Allies, the U. S. still hopes MIND OVER MISSILE for a Multilateral Force as a NATO missile fleet. "I don't believe we'll ever get The MLF would be a fleet of surface warships, armed to the place where we can go with Polaris missiles . . . The fleet would be owned, without the man's mind. I don't controlled and manned jointly by the participating NATO think the missile can take the nations . . . The MLF would be commanded by an Allied place of the man's mind." Sena- policy direction of a board of high offi- officer under tor Margaret Chase Smith, Pi- governments . . . Offi- cials representing the sharing Maine. cers and crews would be a mix of at least three countries. Under the U.S. concept, major participants (in terms CRIME AND PUNISHMENT ". of underwriting costs) would hold a position of special . . The criminal in America influence, not only on controls, but also on such mat- is dealt with harshly indeed. are the most ters as budgets, size, future developments . . . Firing Our criminal laws of the missiles in wartime would be by decision of an severe in the world, and our agreed number of participants including the U.S. legislative bodies are still at The U.S. Navy, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Secretary of work making them more se- Defense have concluded MLF would be militarily effec- vere." James V. Bennett, Di- rector, Federal Bureau of Pris- tive . . . Aside from what our Allies think, Congress still has to speak up on this subject. ons. 6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 Readers may find this series of value on I future motor trips or of interest to stu- SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #1 dents of American history. We suggest travel series for you clip and save each one as it appears. A motorists ^ By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

Strategic Fort Ticonderoga, 225 miles north of New York City on Route NY 9N, guards a narrow portage between Lake Champlain and Lake George. During the American Revolu- tion it controlled the only overland route from Canada feasible for a large army, hence its great importance. Built by the French in 1755 and later taken by the

British, it was always strongly fortified.

It is perhaps most famous for its surprise seizure from the British by Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys on May 10, 1775. Allen's men disarmed the fort and in July 1775 its artillery was hauled overland by might and main for Wash- ington's use in driving the British out of

Boston in 1 776. The beautiful view from the fort to- FORT TICONDEROGA, NEW YORK

day makes obvious its importance as the Lake Champlain, one of the most gor- cafe, bar, (518) 585-7709: Good—Ti- conderoga, Yi mi. S on NY 9N, 15 rms., geous lakes in the nation. guardian of this once-vital pass. To the At Shelburne, (518) 585-2852. Excellent—Melody east are Vermont's Green Mountains; Vermont. 45 miles north on U.S. 7, is Manor, 29 mi. S on NY 9N (at Bolton Landing), 29 rms.. cafe, bar, pool. to the west are the rugged the Shelburne Museum, a 40-acre recon- Adirondacks. (518) 644-9750. These mountains made it necessary for struction of three centuries of American Nearby restaurants: Very good—Al- an invading army from Canada to pass fred's. 3 mi. S of Lake George (37 mi. S of Ticonderoga) on US 9, lunch, directly under Ticonderoga's guns. There dinner, bar, (518) 793-1694; Very are old cannon there today, and the fort good -Bavarian House, 1% mi. N of Lake George (33 mi. S of Ticonder- and its grounds are so beautifully re- oga) on US 9. lunch, dinner during stored you can almost smell the danger summer, dinner only rest of year. German-American cooking. Bar, im- of trying to sneak an army past it from port beer. (518) 668-2476. Lake Champlain to Lake George. Ex- (There are many other good motels hibits within the fort make up one of the and restaurants in the area. See Mobil Travel Guide to Northeastern largest and most authentic collections of States under Ticonderoga. Bolton Colonial and Revolutionary relics. Landing. Lake George.)

The fort is up a hill to the southeast appreciation of historic of the rather constricted town of Ticon- Your an place is greatly enriched if you read about it deroga on a well-marked side road. A life, with 30 buildings, an old side- before seeing it. moderate admission ($1) is charged by wheeler steamer and many other re- the organization which preserves the Your library may have Helen Ives markable items. This is open May 25 to Gilchrist's Fort Ticonderoga in History, fort. Guided tours, souvenirs, food. October 20, daily, 9 AM-5 PM; $2.50, Allen French's The Taking of Ticon- children 50

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 FOR YOUR INFORMATION Things That Never Change

By NATIONAL COMMANDER ^^OCC^ ^T-

(t f~*^ ive me a lever long enough and a place to stand," Life in the United States in 1990 will be a vastly different \JT the mathematician Archimedes said, "and I will move experience beset by vastly different pressures than we know the world." today. The population, experts tell us, will exceed 250 million American Legionnaires have the lever in the form of the —compared with 185 million now. Interplanetary travel may nation's greatest citizenship training programs. We have the be a reality. Automation's labor-saving devices will have pro- place to stand in our respective American Legion Posts, or- duced a shorter work week and increased leisure time. Big ganized and dedicated to community service, with a special government and big business will be bigger. More schools eye toward the development of our youth into the best pos- will be teaching more facts to more students as we try to sible citizens of the future. understand and apply the advances of science. All this will

With the lever and the place to stand, it only remains for happen whether we like it or not. More people, more govern- us to make sure that we actually do the job that we can do ment, more machines, and more competition for material with our powerful tools. Are we giving youngsters in the progress will exert new pressures upon America's historic American Legion Baseball program, in Boys' States, and in unity and purpose. Some of the less wholesome consequences our other Americanism programs the best possible chance already are in view. to build the character and capacity they will need to "move People on the move hesitate to sink their roots in com- the world" when its leadership eventually falls upon them? munity life; they don't want to "get involved" with the prob- lems of others. We never intended that our youth baseball program was There is a growing emphasis on things and comforts and just playing ball, or that Boys' States should be just a a de-emphasis of values. Young people see more, do more, tour of a college campus. When we adopted youth baseball travel more than ever before. They learn more practical things as a national program in 1926 the resolution said that "the in a world with more practical things to be learned. As they underlying purpose of the program has been to cultivate true do, their need increases for better judgment, stronger values, sportsmansuip, which is closeiy akin to good citizenship." In firmer principle. But at the same time they rely less upon ex- the 1937 Junior Baseball Manual, Legion coaches were re- ample and guidance within the family unit. minded that "in their contacts with the boys they have an opportunity to plant ideals and principles in the minds of The warning signals are clear. the youngsters which will stay there throughout life" by set- I believe we owe young Americans more than instruction ting a "constant example of good sportsmanship and good citi- in the mechanics of government and in the skills of competi-

zenship," and by "always holding the highest ideals . . . before tive sport. I believe the times require that we encourage them ." the boys . . to train their intellect and conscience as well as their bodies,

If anything, this advice is more important today, in all to value man's personal virtues as well as his public victories. of our Legion programs for young people, than it was then. We need to teach them that problems are not solved by society, but rather by individuals who have the will and It is a cliche that we live in a "changing world." It is strength to accept responsibility; that lip service to democ- changing—perhaps too fast—and the burden of fast racy's blessings pales to insignificance beside the duty to make change will forever test the insides of new generations of the most, not the least, of our better way of life. citizens. Every generation has faced that challenge—and as our We must prepare the young men and women of today for comforts increase it becomes harder for each generation to new challenges and pressures within the society that they will avoid the temptation to coast. We shall continue to advance have to lead as they grow older. Science will make the tools provided we continue to produce:

of tomorrow, will ( ) Americans who love liberty, detest injustice, and but only training and precept make the men. 1 We must instill in their hearts and minds a fierce loyalty respect other men's rights. to ideals and values that do not change, and which alone can (2) Americans who will give of themselves in service to give them a sure sense of purpose and identity as American others, in a world where the accent is on getting; citizens. When the people of Rome decayed, their worldly (3) Americans to whom honor and duty have meaning, splendors became but booty—and thus it will be of any civili- at a time when the crowd may covet something more meas- zation whose people depart from timeless values. urable. We must stress, above all else, the importance of personal I would ask every Legion Post to take an inventory of how responsibility, of individual initiative, of personal dedication much or how little, in its youth programs, it is teaching young-

to a rising standard of morality and ethics. It is becoming all sters responsibility, honor, duty, courage, leadership and serv- too easy to drift with the tide. Youngsters who are able to ice, and I would ask each Legion Post to hold up to itself

lead must be taught the courage to lead. an image of what more it might do.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 The New York World's Fair opened summer had begun. At the Fair itself, in By May 31. total admissions during the on April 22, and quickly proved it- New York City's Flushing Meadows, first 40 days came to the staggering total self the top-ranking visitors' spot in the more than 200,000 people passed of 6.806.840. In this photo is shown cir- nation for 1964. The New York State through the gates, on single days, twice cular observation platforms at three tourist bureau in Albany was completely in the first week. On May 2 a new rec- levels at the N.Y. State exhibit. The top out of printed travel brochures, about ord was set with 259,788 admissions. platform is the highest point on fair travel anywhere in the state, before the May 16 smashed that total with 289.81 1. grounds—226 feet up. the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 THE ORDEAL OF LEONARD WOOD The tragic story of OUR ORIGINAL CUBAN FAIL URE

Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood in Cuba

By CLARENCE WOODBURY

is May 20, 1902. The eyes of the world are on Havana, anthems of their own country, toasts were downed to both ITCuba, where a 41 -year-old American general, who is Cuba Libre and Los Norteamericanos. Never had warmer also a doctor, officiates at the birth of a new republic. relations existed between the two peoples. At the stroke of noon, American troops present arms out- Cubans felt that, with the aid of the United States, they side the Governor's Palace, cannon boom a 45-gun salute. had won a great victory. Americans agreed that it was a The soldier-doctor, Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, reads a brief triumph worth celebrating. A large nation had helped a proclamation transferring the government of Cuba from the smaller one to rid itself of tyranny and get on its feet as a United States to duly elected representatives of the Cuban free republic. people. There were those of both countries, however, who were

On that day 62 years ago, the Stars and Stripes atop the not sure Cuba was ready to go it alone. Among them was palace was drawn slowly down. With their own hands. Gen- the man who had done most to prepare it for independence. eral Wood, the American military governor of the island, After the ceremony, General Wood passed through cheering and Maximo Gomez, an outstanding hero of Cuba's revolu- crowds to the waterfront where the cruiser Brooklyn waited tion against Spain, hoisted the Cuban colors. After four cen- to take him home. turies of domination by other nations, topped off by almost General Wood was unusually thoughtful, his aides noted. four years of military occupation by the United States, Cuba As the Brooklyn steamed away from its escort of flag-decked had her independence. tugs and saluting foreign warships, he set down in his diary Havana went wild with rejoicing. The city had been dress- misgivings that had troubled him for months. Perhaps it ing itself for a week in festive costume. Flags or bunting would have been better, he wrote, if the transfer of power adorned every house, victory arches spanned streets, there from the United States to Cuba could have been delayed for was a delirium of flowers everywhere. As the Cuban ensign a while to permit the Cubans to become accustomed to gov- went up over the palace, whistles screamed, church bells rang, erning themselves. school children sang The Star-Spangled Banner along with Wood could not know that the event being celebrated so

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 The last of the surrendered Spanish Army in Frank Schell's representation of the U.S.S. Maine blowing up in Havana Har- Havana, as the U.S. took over Cuba in 1898. bor in 1898. It was the direct cause of our going to war against Spain.

riotously was a disaster rather than a victory, but his misgivings have long since been justified.

Today it is widely believed that every- thing we did in Cuba right after the Span- ish-American War was childishly inept

and naive. But it is far more likely that our only error was in not finishing the job we undertook. Realistic American policymakers of the time knew that there was only one way to save Cuba from the succession of dictators and revolts that had afflicted

other Latin nations. It must be given a workable constitution, similar to that of the United States, which would prevent seizure of all power by the executive. The constitution must be made to work by legally elected representatives. To write a constitution was relatively

easy, but to make it live in the hearts of a people who had never had a constitu-

tional government (and there is no other way to preserve such a government] could never be done overnight. The habits, fears, suspicions, and mores of centuries must first be changed. Leonard Wood got the job. He worked

his way up to it while other men were tried and found wanting. He applied himself totally to creating a self-govern- ing republic in a land bordering on anarchy, and seldom has any man labored more valiantly or efficiently to fulfill a high-minded mission for his country. Wood took over a mess of incom- parable magnitude. Amidst widespread poverty, disease, ignorance and age-old lethargy, he was hampered by self- serving politicians in both Cuba and the United States, by rapacious businessmen, jealous fellow Army officers, and by a powerful lobby in Washington. {Continued on page 12) HB^The Governor's Palace in Havana during the occupation. Here Wood gov- The birth of the first Cuban republic, May 20, 1902. General erned all of Cuba, having first run the city and province of Santiago. Wood, in dark uniform (center), ends the occupation, turning The Ordeal of Leonard Wood

What Wood accomplished through superhuman efforts in tries of Latin America broke away from Spain in a series of the face of enormous difficulties has almost been forgotten. revolutions led by their Creole classes. The Creoles of Cuba

Yet it is not only the tale of a great man's travail and achieve- did not then join in these revolts. They feared slave rebellions ments but the story of the failure of a great American dream if Spanish troops were withdrawn. to bring a bright future to a dark and bloodstained land. But friction between Cuban Peninsulars and Creoles When Columbus first sighted Cuba in October 1492, he is increased. In 1837, Cuban deputies were excluded from the

said to have called it "the most beautiful land human eyes cortes (or senate) of Spain, in which they had previously have ever seen." But from the time of the arrival of the first had a voice. The all-powerful captains-general sent out from

white men it had been anything but a paradise for the Spain ruled the island with an iron hand. Widespread unrest majority of its inhabitants. followed. Between 1866 and 1877, Cuban patriots waged a The Spaniards who colonized Cuba early in the 16th cen- heroic struggle for independence known as "The Ten Years' tury were adventurers seeking quick wealth. When Cuba War." Eighty thousand Spanish soldiers lost their lives in the failed to provide as much gold and silver as they craved they conflict and no one will ever know how many Cubans died

exploited its rich soil and native labor. before the rebellion finally was crushed. The Indians died off rapidly under brutal treatment, so the At the close of the war, the Cubans were promised abolition Spaniards imported African slaves in large numbers to replace of slavery and other concessions, but the promises were not

them. For more than 300 years, while its economy rested kept to their satisfaction and another insurrection, "The primarily on tobacco, sugar, rum and slaves, Cuba was a Little War," 1879-1880, took place before slavery finally was scene of autocratic misrule, piracy and violence. In the 18th abolished. But other changes from the old rule were only

century when Spain ceded its portion of Santo Domingo to superficial. On February 23, 1895, with another revolt brew- France, hundreds of Spanish families moved from there to ing, the captain-general suspended constitutional guarantees Cuba and thousands more, mostly French, followed them that had been granted Cubans. during a slave uprising on Santo Domingo. Early in the 19th This led to the Spanish-American War. Outraged over the century thousands of Chinese coolies were imported to aug- loss of rights they had won at great cost, Cuban patriot leaders ment the slave labor force. again took up arms—among them Maximo Gomez, Calixto All important Cuban offices were held by a small minority Garcia and Antoni Maceo. Spain's answer was to ship 200,000 of Spaniards born in Spain, called Peninsulars. Another mi- regular troops to Cuba to put down the new revolt. After nority group of native-born white Cubans of Spanish or savage fighting in the western provinces, the cost to Spain in

other European ancestry, called Creoles, was composed of blood and money led the Spanish premier in 1 897 to announce planters, merchants and overseers. In the 1820's, other coun- a policy of "self-rule" for Cuba. But when final authority

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 Cuba over to a short-lived constitutional republic under Presi- A meeting of the first House of Representatives of the Cuban Republic dent Estrada Palma (white mustache, left-center), at noon. in 1902. It failed to implement the constitution, and the republic died.

Yet neither President William McKin- the independence of Cuba and asked ley nor the men around him in Washing- Spain to withdraw from the island. It ton favored military intervention. "I have empowered the President to use force to been through one war," said McKinley, a compel her to do so. Civil War veteran. "I have seen the dead Congress attached to its resolution the

piled up: and I do not want to see an- Teller Amendment which said in part: other." There were few illusions among "The United States hereby disclaims any political sophisticates, moreover, about disposition to exercise sovereignty, juris-

what probably would happen if Cuba diction or control over the island except won her independence and immediately for the pacification thereof and asserts

tried to go it alone as a republic. During its determination when that is accom- three-quarters of a century, Americans plished to leave the government and con- had seen one Latin-American nation trol of the island to its people." after another stray from the path of de- When war was declared Leonard

mocracy on which it had started and fall Wood, not yet 38, was a captain in the under the rule of blood and strong men. Army Medical Corps. Born and reared Even in our next-door neighbor, Mexico, in New England, the tow-headed son of peace and order were then maintained a country doctor, he had graduated from only by the iron hand of a dictator, Harvard's Medical School. While prac- Tomas Estrada Palma, first Cuban President. Fine character was no substitute for weak law. Porfirio Dfaz. ticing medicine privately in Boston he On the night of February 15, 1898, took an examination for the Army Medi- was again reserved for Spain's captain- with most of her officers attending a cal Corps, passed it with flying colors, general fighting was resumed. function ashore, the battleship U.S.S. and was sent to Arizona just in time to American public opinion was strongly Maine, which had been sent to Havana join troops hunting Geronimo. notorious pro-Cuban. By the 1890's, the United Harbor, blew up at anchor with a loss Apache chief who was on the warpath. States was Cuba's best customer, and of 266 lives. Blessed with a magnificent physique. Cubans in turn bought many manufac- The Maine disaster is still a mystery, Wood's endurance and stamina aroused tured goods from the United States. but it was blamed on the Spaniards. A the wonder of the toughest old frontiers- Lurid newspaper accounts of the oppres- wave of fury swept the United States men. Though a doctor, he was given ar- sion of Cuban patriots by Spaniards similar to that which later followed the duous and dangerous line-officer duties. offended the sense of fair play inherent attack on Pearl Harbor. "Remember the He won the Medal of Honor, to the in most Americans. A cold repulse by Maine" became a battlecry. After a few annoyance of some West Pointers who Spain of our offers to mediate the Cuban futile efforts to avoid war by both Mc- resented a "pill roller" succeeding at dispute heightened the resentment in the Kinley and Spanish officials. Congress their trade. During ten years of service, United States. adopted a resolution which recognized mostly in the West, he further incensed THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 13 CONTINUED The Ordeal of Leonard Wood his colleagues by condemning the use of military matters. When war was declared inforcement or supplies from Spain by the traditional blue woolen Army uni- both strove to get into it. sea. Without naval help, the Spanish form for fighting in hot desert country, Their chance came when the Adminis- force in Cuba had no recourse but to and by suggesting that beans and bacon tration's Army Bill called for the forma- surrender. The main army in Santiago were not the best of all rations for tion of three regiments of mounted did so on July 16, 1898. soldiers. volunteer riflemen, preferably frontiers- For gallantry in battle, Wood was Wood made strong friends as well as men, for duty in Cuba. Russell A. Alger, made a brigadier-general and Roosevelt enemies. Among his friends was Gen. Secretary of War, offered command of a full colonel, and their paths parted. Nelson A. Miles, who loved to box with one of the regiments to Teddy Roosevelt, Roosevelt went home, where he was him, and whose leg Wood saved from who, recognizing his own lack of mili- elected Governor of New York in No- amputation after he broke it in an acci- tary experience, suggested that the regi- vember and Vice President two years dent. When Miles went to Washington in later. Wood soon embarked upon his 1895 as Commanding General of the Herculean labor of trying to prepare Army he helped Wood procure an ap- Cuba for self-government. pointment as an assistant to the Surgeon His first efforts were made just three General. While holding this post Wood days after the Spanish surrender when made two more very influential friends. Maj. Gen. William R. Shatter, in com- President William McKinley's wife mand of all Army forces in Cuba, or- was a chronic invalid—a gentle, vague dered him to take charge of the city of woman who had lost two children several Santiago. He replaced an older officer years before and never recovered emo- who had collapsed from fever and over- tionally from the shock. The President work. Santiago City was nothing short of adored her and, hearing of Wood's prow- a disaster area. All supply and sanitary ess as a doctor, asked him to visit her. facilities had broken down, gaunt men This Wood did frequently. Through what and wornen begged for food everywhere, could be described today as skillful psy- unburied bodies littered the streets. In- chotherapy he transferred some of his fectious diseases were spreading among own energy and enthusiasm for life to the 50.000 inhabitants. These included the depressed woman. Mrs. McKinley typhoid, dysentery, malaria and small- showed marked improvement and the pox. Yellow fever was due any day. President was almost tearfully grateful Wood set to work with a zeal probably to the young Army doctor who was re- Charles Magoon headed second U.S. oc- never seen before in all of Santiago's cupation a "caretaker" administration. sponsible for it. — 400 years. He issued 20,000 rations a ment be given to his friend Wood, with day to the starving, set up emergency himself as lieutenant-colonel. Thus the hospitals, sent doctors on house to house 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, calls, put laborers to work day and night better known as the Rough Riders, came with brooms, wheelbarrows, carts and into existence. Hardly anyone today wagons cleaning the filthy streets. He had knows that one-time medical officer soldiers shoot the hordes of scavenger dogs which roved the city. He distributed Leonard Wood—not Roosevelt—was its commander. Our "Splendid Little War" with Spain, as American Ambassador to England,

John Hay, described it, is probably best remembered today by four events. They

were ( 1 ) Commodore George Dewey calmly saying to his executive officer, "You may fire when ready, Gridley," just before blowing a Spanish fleet out of the water in Manila Bay in the Philippines; (2) Lt. Richmond Pearson "Kissing" Hobson gallantly sinking a collier at the mouth of Cuba's Santiago Harbor in an effort to blockade the port; (3) Teddy President Gerardo Machado fled Cuba in Roosevelt, his hat turned up at the side 1933 in the face of a general strike. and his eyeglasses aglitter, leading the Wood also met Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Riders up San Juan Hill; and (4) who, two years his senior, was serving as Commodore Winfield Scott Schley de- Fulgencio Batista, twice President him- Assistant Secretary of the Navy after stroying Admiral Cervera's Spanish self and ruler of a series of puppets. having won a reputation as a crime- naval squadron off Santiago, Cuba. busting Police Commissioner in New The naval defeats were the most dis- kerosene lavishly to speed the burning

York City. The two men hit it off from astrous for Spain. Already pinned down of the accumulated refuse of decades. the start. They spent many Sundays in Santiago and elsewhere by Cuban Day after day a black column of "mountaineering" on the cliffs of the patriot forces who played a more im- smoke rose from a grim pyre on the out- Capital's Rock Creek or taking long portant role in the war than is or was skirts of town where Wood had Santiago strenuous walks together. As tension over generally realized, Spanish troops were City's corpses reduced to ashes in batches Cuba increased they had long talks about cut off from all hope of receiving re- (Continued on page 49)

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1964 Our Own Our use of Japanese Americans in the Pacific War was so hush-hush that virtually nothing has been told Japanese of them until now. Here's their amazing story. By BILL HOSOKAWA

in the One of the least known stories of World War 2 is the remarkable tale of the unique record of more than 6.000 Japanese Americans, better known as Nisei, in the war in the Pacific against Japan. These Nisei performed a Pacific War service in the uniform of the United States that nobody else could perform — and at considerable risk of being shot not only by the enemy, but, out of mistaken identity, by their own comrades as well.

To this day it is a common belief that we dared use no Nisei in the

Pacific. Had it not been for the insistence of Lt. Col. (now Brig. Gen.) John Weckerling and Capt. (now Col.) Kai E. Rasmussen, who were on duty with 4th Army Intelligence at The Presidio in San Francisco in 1941,

Continued on Next Page

Brig. Gen. Frank D. Merrill, who opened the route to China Burma. "I couldn't have gotten along without our Nisei," he from Burma, with Herbert Miyasaki and Akiji Yoshimura in said. Retired for battle wounds, General Merrill died in 1955. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 15 CONTINUED Our Own Japanese in the Pacific War

perhaps we would not have used them. But nobody who had the misfortune to be at Maggot Hill in Burma with Mer- rill's Marauders (the 5307 Composite Group, Provisional) in the Easter season of 1944 h as any doubt that Japanese Americans served with distinction against the Japanese. Maggot Hill was one of the most criti- cal battles of the war in the struggle for Burma. The hill's real name was Npum

Ga, and it was not important before or since. Merrill's 2nd Battalion held the hill against the vastly superior Japanese T/Sgt. Roy Matsumoto (inset), whose bravery helped save the 2nd Battalion of Mer- 18th (Kurume Shidan) Division, the rill's Ma rauders at Maggot Hill, Burma. Here the Battalion crosses the Chindwin. crack outfit that had swept through Ma- laya and Burma in earlier campaigns. If the battle had been lost, the Ma- he had volunteered for the mission. Un- Japanese Americans (Nisei) who served rauders would have been destroyed as an like most of the others he had two jobs with the Marauders. Most of them had AM. PHOTOS DEPT. OF DEFENSE —rifleman and translator. equally hair-raising experiences. All were When darkness fell over the jungle decorated, and half of them won battle- Matsumoto crawled out beyond Ameri- field commissions. can lines to within earshot of the enemy, These men were among the more than where he lay and listened alone. One 6,000 Nisei linguists who were trained night he heard the Japanese planning a to serve with Allied forces in the Pacific dawn attack along a lightly defended during WW2. Of that number, 3,700 sector. A breakthrough would have been served in combat areas before the sur- disastrous. Risking fire from both sides, render. They went into action with the as he always did on these missions, Mat- Marines at Guadalcanal. They took part sumoto slipped back with the informa- in every landing in the bitter island- tion. The 2nd Battalion, placing its fate hopping campaign up through New in the hands of Matsumoto's intelli- Guinea, the Marianas, Philippines and gence, concentrated its power at the re- Okinawa, and finally participated in the John Weckerling and Kai Rasmussen, the ported point of attack. surrender ceremonies in Tokyo Bay. two intelligence officers who scrabbled to Just as Matsumoto had said, the at- get our Nisei school for the Pacific war tack opened at first light. Suddenly the Our Nisei in the Pacific were assigned going, and won out in the nick of time. dawn was hideous with the enemy's to the U.S. Joint Intelligence Center screams but the GIs, forewarned, were in Hawaii, to every Army division, the effective fighting unit, and their mission ready. Under their concentrated fire the Marines, Navy, paratroops, O.S.S. and in Burma would have failed. The pri- first wave of attackers crumpled. The O.W.I, units. Some were loaned to Brit- mary objective of the 2nd Battalion in second wave hesitated in bewilderment. ish, Australian, New Zealand and Chi- the battle was to get out alive. Fearing that they might withdraw to nese forces. Attuned to the Japanese The GIs hung on for 15 tortured days. fight another day, Matsumoto leaped to tongue, the Nisei were the eyes and ears Finally, on Easter Sunday, they were his feet and screamed in Japanese: of Allied fighting forces. Through their rescued by the 3rd Battalion which broke '"Charge, you soldiers of Japan, charge, skills and courage they saved countless through enemy lines while the 1st Bat- charge, charge!" American and Allies' lives and helped talion, near exhaustion after a five-day Reacting with blind discipline, the shorten the war by many months. march, kept the foe off balance with di- Japanese rose and advanced straight to The Nisei served at the headquarters versionary attacks. their deaths in the withering gunfire. of the 6th, 8th and 10th Armies, and There were many heroes on Npum After the attack was beaten off the GIs the I, IX, X, XI, XIV, and XXIV Corps. Ga, and not the least of them was a counted 54 enemy bodies; how many Also with the 1st Cavalry at Los Negros, shy, slight, bespectacled Japanese Amer- more casualties the foe had been able to Leyte and Manila; with the 6th Infantry ican, Sgt. Roy Matsumoto. Matsumoto drag back was never known. For his at Sansapor in New Guinea and in had the facial characteristics of the en- part in the victory Matsumoto was Northern Luzon; with the 7th Infantry emy, but he was an American, born in awarded the Legion of Merit. at Attu, Kwajalein, Leyte and Okinawa;

California. Like all the other Marauders, Sergeant Matsumoto was one of 14 with the 1 1th Airborne at Leyte, Manila

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 Alaskan Department at Adak: with the British in India and the Australians in Borneo. Teams of ten men were usually sta- tioned at division headquarters, with smaller teams on regimental and bat- talion levels. Nisei interpreters usually landed with the second or third invasion waves—they were too valuable to risk in the first wave—to provide instant trans- lation of the enemy's shouted orders, in- tercepted messages or captured docu- ments. The commanders who depended on the Nisei were lavish in their praise. "I couldn't have gotten along without them," said the late Maj. Gen. Frank D. Merrill, whose Marauders broke the Japanese hold on Burma and opened the land route into China. Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby. the late General MacArthur's chief of intelligence, declared in Tokyo: "The in- formation received through their skills proved invaluable to our battle forces." Col. G. F. Blunda, commander of the Southeast Asia Translation and Interro- gation Center, in New Delhi, India, said Sgt. Hoichi Kubo (right) persuaded Japanese soldiers to surrender. He won the DSC.

T/4 Tony Uemoto (right), seized as an Staff Sgt. Kenny Yasui. Naked, he led 2nd Lt. Akiji Yoshimura (extreme left) enemy by the Chinese, was marched four round-up of 15 armed enemy on Irra- at the surrender of all Japanese in China, hours barefoot to the American lines. waddy River island in Burma campaign. He now runs cleaning plant in California.

and Cavite; with the 24th Infantry in maua, the Marshalls, Mindanao and each Nisei linguist "was as valuable as New Guinea, Leyte, Corregidor. Verde Palawan; with the 43rd Infantry on New an infantry company." Island and Mindanao; with the 25th In- Georgia, New Guinea and Luzon; with Because they were so important to the fantry at Guadalcanal, New Georgia the 77th Infantry at Guam. Leyte and Pacific war effort, the American com- and in the Philippines; with the 27th Okinawa; with the 81st Infantry at An- mand kept them out of the publicity Infantry at Makin Island, Saipan and gaur, Peleliu and Ulithi; with the 93rd spotlight. The Nisei G-2 boys, as the\ Okinawa; with the 31st Infantry in Infantry on Morotai. New Guinea and were called, received none of the atten- Southern Mindanao; with the 32nd In- the Philippines; with the 96th Infantrv tion showered on their brothers in the fantry at Buna, Aitape and Leyte; with at Leyte and Okinawa; and with the 442nd (Go for Broke) Regimental Com- the 33rd Infantry at Baguio; with the America! Division at Guadalcanal, Bou- bat Team which fought with such valor, 37th Infantry at Munda, Bougainville, gainville and Cebu. and paid such a price in blood, in Italy Lingayen Gulf and Manila; with the 38th They were also attached to headquar- and France. During the fighting the lin- Infantry during the recapture of Bataan; ters of the 5th. 7th. 10th. 11th. 13th. guists were under security wraps. After with the 40th Infantry at Los Negros, 14th and 20th Air Forces. They were the surrender of Japan their story was Luzon and Panay Island in the Philip- with the Marines at Tarawa, Guadal- lost in the flush of victory. pines; with the 41st Infantry at Sala- canal and Iwo Jima; with che Advance (Continued on page 44) THE AM RICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 17 Goodbye to the Redwoods ?

By ROBERT and 102 billion board feet of old growth Red- wood still embracing the high Pacific LEONA RIENOW winds. An official estimate in 1953 meas- ured only 35 billion board feet still stand- of the wonders of the world ing—and this included some second One—the oldest species of living growth. Then in January of this year, things on earth— is struggling to Commissioner Margaret Owings of the survive. The magnificent Coastal Red- State Park Commission gave out the re- woods of California are in jeopardy of port that three-quarters of the Redwoods being battered down by the forces of are gone. The National Park Service just lumbering and highway transportation. announced after a survey that seven- If we cherish these awesome stands of eighths of the virgin Redwoods have trees—many of which were alive to greet been lost. Over nine-tenths of the re- that first Easter Morning—time is grow- maining stands are private, subject to all ing short for saving them. the pressures of high taxes and poachers. The Coastal Redwoods differ from the acres of the Redwoods, Sierra Sequoias. They are taller and more Only 75,000 says Miss Owings, are in State Park land. graceful, running to 22 or 23 feet in di- that set aside by philan- ameter and up to a thrilling 359 feet in Much of was thropists and little contributors through- height. They live only in one narrow 450- the Save-the-Red- mile stretch of rugged coastal country out the nation through running from the southwestern tip of woods League of San Francisco. Thou- dollars Oregon to the Santa Lucia Mountains sands of individuals sent their ten

at 1 14 San- south of San Francisco. Here, in a nar- to the League's headquarters confident row strip never more than 30 or 40 miles sone Street and then sat back, wide, stood the original band of Coastal that they had saved the Redwoods. Redwoods, a sight to strike awe into the But you cannot save Redwood trees if hearts of even a casual nature lover, and you do not save the Redwood commu- to tempt irresistibly the lumberman. nity. In 1959, seven years after the Persistent lumbering has been hack- Rockefeller Forest (several thousand ing away at these irreplaceable forests acres of the State Park) had been dedi- State since the time when it took three days cated and 28 years after the had to cut one tree, just before the turn of the acquired the initial tract, devastation hit. Lumbermen outside the parks had 20th century. By 1 900, 500 million board feet of Redwood were taken annually. clean-cut the upper reaches of Bull Creek There was a drop in the Depression, then and the 75 inches of annual rainfall a new fury of saws in World War 2. turned into raging floods that roared Abetted by the great cats to draw the into the parkland to undermine and top- logs and the widespread adoption of the ple some 500 stately trees. Conservation chain saw, the annual production of Red- efforts had been both too little and too wood lumber, for every mundane use slow; the Rockefellers' generous gift had from trinket boxes to piling and from not been protected by preserving the wa- hog fencing to shingles, vaulted sky high. tershed. Sawmills speckled the mountainous land- But if lumber production (now being to seven is scape; where there had been 1 17 of them speeded up days a week) one in 1945, there were 398 in 1948. force of destruction, new highway In 1909 a survey of timber showed {Continued on page 47)

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1964 n II

n

Ml

enic photography, are looked upon as separate works of fine art. This is his classic "Redwoods." THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1964 19 —

10,000 youngsters go after 7,000 trout in a pet project of Denver's American Legion Post 1 and the Denver Post.

The World's Biggest Trout Fishing Party

ere you ever a kid whose heart w almost stopped if a minnow came within three feet of your hook? Then you'll appreciate this annual Kid's Fish- ing Derby in Denver, Colo. Last year 10,000 boys and girls, from 7 to 14, stood three deep in Washington Park to snag big trout stocked by the State Game and Fish Department. Good fishing? An

even 1 ,000 won prizes for their catches. Fun and excitement? Look at those rap- turous faces! "You sure see a lot of fish!" one youngster exclaimed, perhaps mus- ing sadly at the limit imposed of three fish apiece. Ronnie Jackson, 9, took first prize—a bicycle and spinning outfit for his 4-pound, 2P/2-inch rainbow

trout. It'll go on again this August, spon- sored as usual by Denver's American

Colorado game warden Frank Busch, left, adds zest to the stocking of 7,000 trout by Legion Post 1 ; the Denver Post; the State scattering some real whoppers. Then, right, the mob scene begins to get them back out. Game and Fish Dep't; the Denver Rec- reation Dep't, and Lowry AFB. the end

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 100% concentration. A big trout gave this young fellow quite a tussle even after he had it on dry land.

s young lady struggled and struggled with her first catch, and 10,000 "treat packages" with candy, cookies and fishhooks were made 1. I ught she'd never get it off the hook. But she finally succeeded. up and handed out by Legion Auxiliary members of Denver's Unit THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 21 Scene from film for training partially sighted kids, produced by Scene from another blindness prevention film made on a Legion the Nat'l Society for the Prevention of Blindness on Legion grant. grant, to guide schools in preventing blindness in shop accidents. America's Biggest Little Foundation Dr. Garland D. Murphy, Jr., of El Dorado, Ark., who got the American Legion Child Welfare Foundation going back in 1953. Using small donations, a unique Legion program gives away thousands

to get million-dollar results for America's more unfortunate children.

By Child Welfare Foundation highly un- Legion's central Child Welfare Founda- VIRGINIA HEATWOLE usual among American foundations. tion. This has provided yearly gifts of Most gifts to it are extremely small by $77 and $191 and other odd and unpre- ROBERTS the big-money standards of these days. dictable sums. Often they are touching, human, homely Many Legion Posts and Auxiliary ten years a special operation and irregular when contrasted to the big Units will make an occasional memorial Forof The American Legion has been giving of moneyed philanthropists, gift in the name of a departed member.

receiving gifts which the Legion in foundations and corporations, counseled Some make it a policy to memorialize turn gives away to be spent by experts by lawyers and investigating staffs. every departed member by a gift to the

in the furtherance of the welfare of The women of Esso Unit # 1 of The Foundation. Post and Unit 155, Hogans- America's children. American Legion Auxiliary, on the is- ville, Ga., do this, and their annual con- The source of the money, the amounts land of Aruba off South America, regu- tributions have averaged about $200.

involved in gifts to it and in grants made larly give the balance on hand at the end Worcester Post 67, Snow Hill, Md., fol-

by it, as well as the ultimate use of the of the year in their own local Child Wel- lows the same inflexible rule.

money, make The American Legion fare fund, whatever it may be, to the Yet, humble as it may be, The Ameri-

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1964 —

Dr. I. Ignacy Goldberg>

Child Welfare Foundation's operation have made gifts of varying sizes, among

which is the $15,000 individual gift of Leo Harvey, of the Harvey Aluminum Co., of California. The average gift comes close to $16;

it comes from a Legionnaire or Auxiliare or a Legion Post or an Auxiliary Unit or a Salon of the Auxiliary's Eight &

Forty; and it is in memory of someone. During the first five years of the Founda- tion's existence the largest number of gifts in memory of one person memorial- ized 9-year-old Mary Linda Steelman, of Alaska, who was killed in an auto ac- cident. Later an equal number were made in the memory of the late Wisconsin Congressman Lawrence C. Smith, former American Legion Child Welfare Chairman. Former Premier U Nu of Burma made a memorial gift to the Foundation in re- membrance of all American servicemen who died in Burma in WW2. A recent small gift of $20 was made in memory of all the men who died in the sinking of the Navy seagoing tugboat Sonoma, sunk off the beach at Leyte in 1944 after hav- ing weathered the whole war in the Pa- cific, starting with the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. Matthew American Horse Unit 159 of The American Legion Auxiliary in Can- non Ball, North Dakota, sent a check in memory of three deceased American In- dian war veterans—Grady Two Horses, Alvin Shell Track and Irvin Stretches Himself. Many gifts have recently been received in memory of President John F. Kennedy. In terms of foundations which seldom talk of sums less than half a million or so, the American Legion Child Welfare Foundation, founded in 1954, is peanuts. It has given away less than $200,000 in that time, a figure far less than some of Most local retarded children units in America sprang from nationwide organizing tour the bigger outfits have spent in the same of Dr. I. Ignacy Goldberg on a $16,000 Legion grant. Louisville, Ky., school, above, internal paperwork has had more than $60,000 of operating costs raised by Louisville's Legion Post 201. period on their own and administration. By contrast, the Le- gion spends next to nothing on adminis-

can Legion Child Welfare Foundation tration. Its paper work is collateral duty has proved itself to rank, in terms of its forthepre-existing Legion NationalChild results, with the major multimillion dol- Welfare staff under Child Welfare staff lar foundations in the land. director Randel Shake. The policy de-

The biggest gift it ever received was a cisions are the work of an unpaid board special, one-shot donation of $25,000 of nine distinguished Legionnaires from The American Legion Auxiliary of presently chairmanned by L. Eldon Pennsylvania last year. The majority of James of Hampton, Va. Most of the di-

donations to it are in the range of from rectors do double duty on the Legion's

$5 to $50. Though it now receives about national Finance or Child Welfare Com- 500 gifts a year of less than $100 each, missions. Of any contribution, 6c is spent

it does have other regular sources of to acknowledge it and all the rest goes funds in excess of $1,000 each. The na- for the purposes of the Foundation

tional American Legion Auxiliary regu- none of it to support an internal bu- larly gives exactly $10,000 a year. A reaucracy, to pay for fund-raising costs, total of about $15,000 has been received etc.

in wills. But if the Foundation is peanuts Cystic fibrosis, mysterious children's disease, in ten years from bequests Peo- is being attacked on seven different fronts ple who are outside of the Legion family among foundations dollarwise, its results under Legion Child Welfare Foundation grants. who have learned and approved of the (Continued on page 40) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 23 & PRO CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON FEDERAL FOOD RELIEF I'

IS A NATIONWIDE F00 YES

Rep. Elizabeth Kee (D-W. Va.) from a national application of the food stamp program: 5th District (1) That the program is effective in improving and diets I have always believed that maintaining the of participating families—often I when we can put well- far above the level of diet provided through the rounded, nutritious meals on issuance of bulk food commodities, and the tables of our impoverished (2) That the additional food purchasing power gen- families, we somehow put new erated by a universal or nationwide food stamp pro- hope in their hearts, and cer- gram could provide general support to the domestic tainly better health in their demand for food and, therefore, act to bolster farm bodies. That is why I have income. Certainly, an expanded program could be strongly supported the food stamp program. expected to result in an increase in the volume of food People who can eat well get a real boost to their marketed through commercial channels. morale. Under the food stamp program, our poor I know as a matter of first-hand knowledge the families can have whole milk for their children, per- truth of this latter point. The Fifth Congressional haps for the first time in many years. They can also District of West Virginia, which I have the high honor have fresh meat, poultry, fresh fruits and vegetables to represent in the Congress, contains two counties in on their tables—and fresh eggs instead of powdered which pilot food stamp projects are now being oper- eggs, because they will be able to purchase these com- ated—McDowell and Mingo Counties. In both of modities at grocery stores with food stamps. these counties, under the food stamp program, meat sales In a country as affluent as ours, the degradation of sales rose almost 12% , of produce by 13%, and waiting in line for bulk commodities of limited nutri- sales of groceries by almost 6%. These gains were tional value should never again be inflicted upon the made despite the fact that there was no substantial poor people of America. Although the surplus com- change in the general economy of the areas, except modity program has been a vital sustainer of life to that in McDowell County employment dropped an the unemployed and under-employed who have had additional 2% . to avail themselves of this kind of Government benefi- In this bountiful country of ours, the food stamp cence, that program is essentially one of powdered program has meant a toe hold on life, a program of eggs, powdered milk, canned lard, beans and flour. hope for those needy families who are participating in It v/ould be fatuous to say that the bulk commodity it. But it has also meant that thousands of children program extends the benefits of our great agricultural are being afforded the opportunity to grow up as capabilities to our needy people. Yet, this is exactly sturdy Americans while they pursue an education and what is accomplished under the food stamp program; prepare themselves for their futures as adults. for foods of all kinds, whether canned, frozen, or packaged, can be purchased by holders of food stamps. Survey results by the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture bear out two persuasive arguments with regard to certain noteworthy benefits which are to be derived

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 ?EP. ELIZABETH KEE, W. VA. AND REP. CHARLES B. HOEVEN, IOWA

STAMP PROGRAM NECESSARY? NO

Rep. Charles B. Hoeven (R-lowa) come increasingly expensive in the years to come. If 6th District 43 pilot projects cost $51.5 million per year, how much o, it is neither necessary will a nationwide plan encompassing over 3,000 coun- N nor desirable. ties and thousands of cities cost? The recently-passed House A Department of Agriculture study made in 1957 bill represents a major step estimated the minimum cost of a nationwide food toward establishing on a nation- stamp plan to be $600 million per year and the maxi- wide basis a new and massive mum cost to be $2.5 billion annually, depending on Federal welfare program which how strict or how generous the Secretary of Agricul- is both costly and inefficient. It ture might be in establishing the criteria for eligibility. would establish a system of food distribution which The most objectionable feature of this legislation poses a serious threat to the maintenance of respon- lies in its philosophy of centralized government. sible state and local government, and it fails to serve Under our time-honored system of constitutional the best interests of either needy persons or farmers. government in this country, we have adhered closely Everyone of us, of course, is in favor of making our to the principle that welfare activities were basically farm abundance available to needy people both here the responsibility of local and state governments. at home and overseas. For many years our Govern- Unfortunately, the House-passed bill deleted a pro- ment has been doing this at home under the "Direct vision which the Committee on Agriculture had Distribution" program. In the past fiscal year, for added to require the states to share in the cost of this example, the total free distribution of 31 farm com- program. modities reached a value of $631 million. In brief, a nationwide food stamp plan is not needed. The Department of Agriculture reports that in the It would be extremely costly and inefficient. It last fiscal year one out of every six Americans re- would concentrate still more power in Washington ceived Federal food assistance under our various and disrupt our historical Federal-state relationship Federal programs. In view of these fundamental facts, on welfare programs. It would decrease the outlet I can see no real need at this time to embark on a for excessive farm production, and it would prevent nationwide food stamp plan. many needy people now receiving food from being The food stamp system is not new. It was tried in able to do so in the future. the late 1930's and then discarded. In 1961, the plan was reactivated on a pilot basis and is now in effect in 43 areas where it has replaced the "Direct Distri- bution" program. The cost to the Federal Government of maintaining and operating these 43 pilot programs is currently $51.5 million per year ... or over $1 million per project per year. Simple mathematics shows this program will be-

r THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

IN MY OPINION A FEDERAL FOOD STAMP PROGRAM I have read in The American Legion Magazine IS IS NOT NECESSARY. for July the arguments in PRO & CON: Is a

SIGNED .. Nationwide Food Stamp Program Necessary? ADDRESS

TOWN .... STATE

i J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 25 Coast Guardsmen from the Cutter Pontchartrain, in raft-carrying after this PanAm Stratocruiser ditched and one minute before

lifeboat, saved 24 passengers and 7 crew members 20 minutes it sank, midway between Hawaii" and San Francisco, Oct. 1956.

It's always war in the Coast Guard

A tribute to servicemen whose enemy never declares a cease fire

Some day, hopefully, there may be an end to Vietnams, Berlins and the other Cold War struggles that risk—and take—the lives of U.S. soldiers, sailors and airmen in so-called peacetime. Even

then it will still always be "war" in the U.S. Coast Guard. Here we show a few of the more classic photos of some of the rugged peacetime missions of the Coast Guard against its ever present enemies at sea—storm, fire, shipwreck, plane crash. It's an adventurous service that can't even hope for peace. On our inside front cover, suitable for cutting out and framing, is a four-color rendi- tion of the Coast Guard's song: "Semper Paratus." For these striking photos we are indebted to the Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard, and to U.S.S. Tampa Coast Guard Post 719, American Le- gion, at Battery Park, New York City. Freighter Nebraska and tanker Empress Bay collided, 280,000 gals, of gasoline burned over both in New York's East River— 1958. Here Coast Guard Cutter Fire- brush stands by at end as tanker's bow sinks. All but two crewmen were saved.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 Armed mounties of the Coast Guard's Horse Patrol keep a lonely The Coast Guard Cutter Storis helps firemen battle a huge water- and little-known day-night vigil along America's vast coastlines. front cold storage warehouse blaze at Juneau, Alaska, Jan. 1956.

On Feb. 18, 1952, a blizzard, whipped by 70-knot gales, raised saved 70 men from the two ships. Here the Cutter Yakutat keeps 60-foot seas off Cape Cod, Mass. The tankers Fort Mercer and taking men off the Fort Mercer even as she sinks. Note life pre- Pendleton, 40 miles apart, broke in two. Coast Guard crews server with man in white water, as line from Yakutat pulls it in.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 27 Ready and waiting to be won!

18th annual free awards

will held and the cars Once again, the Seagram Drawings be awarded Sunday, September 20, Posts have donated four 1964, during the Drum and Bugle handsome Ford convert- Corps Finals of the American Le- ibles to the American gion National Convention in Dallas. Legion Convention Corpo-

ration ot Texas. When you Here's all you have to do! win, your post wins an ex- 1. Send in official coupon (or mail a postcard or tra $250, also donated by letter using coupon as guide). 2. Sign it (an unsigned entry cannot be accepted). the Seagram Posts. 3. All entries must be received no later than mid- night September 18, 1964.

E No puzzle! Not a contest! No need to be at the Convention to win!

28 TH E AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 donated Seagram posts

Seagram Seagram Seagram Post NO. 807 POSt NO. 1283 POSt NO. 658

Illinois New York California

r

The Seagram Posts Legion or Auxiliary Membership American Legion, P.O. Box 10904 Card No

Dallas, Texas 75207

Gentlemen: As a member of .Post, American Legion, or a member of_ .Unit,

American Legion Auxiliary, located in (City) (State)

Please enter my name in the free drawings for the four Ford convertibles donated by the Seagram Posts to

the American Legion Convention Corporation of Texas. Drawing to be held on September 20, 1964 in Dallas.

Name (Please Print)

Address.

Signature.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 23 A SOUP SPOON is the best tool for clean- ing fish, according to Lynn Harvey of Wau-

kegan. 111., but he does a few tricks to it ROD tr GUN ™ before using it. He chooses a strong one of CLUB stainless steel, files teeth in one side and sharpens the other side to a knife edge. The sharp edge is for splitting the fish; the teeth

are for scaling it. The tip of the spoon is just right for stripping out the blood line Soviet Sport Fishing along the backbone.

The Russians seem to have a hard time fish in communist waters, the angler must A TWISTED FISHING LINE makes cast- admitting that they can do anything for belong to a collective, and to accomplish ing almost impossible; it loops itself into fun. While sport fishing is growing by leaps this he must be a card-carrying member of knots. While trolled, it will snarl as soon

and bounds in the Soviet Union, an official the Communist Party. as it is slackened and will pop more easily Moscow fishing body says that the objective when a fish strikes. A swivel helps but not of the Russian angler is "to increase his ALUMINUM BOATS are noisy for fishing. much. An anti-twist keel, sold in tackle physical health and his knowledge of biol- The metal emphasizes sounds of scuffling shops, is a cure but it can hinder a lure's ogy." feet, dropped lures, etc., which might scare action. The simplest remedy is to note the Reports show that angling in that country off wary fish. John Enns, Jr., of Corvallis, direction in which your lure spins and then has surprisingly few restrictions and is be- Mont., soundproofed his metal boat by hav- when your line becomes twisted, replace coming the most popular Soviet pastime. ing the inside sprayed with the rubbery un- the lure with one that spins the opposite way

Over 10 million Russians go fishing and derrating that is used on cars. Any auto to untwist it.

the number is increasing rapidly. Supervised dealer will tell you where to have it done. by the Committee of Physical Culture and KEEPING MOSQUITOES OUT of your Sport, they are organized in regional so- THREAD DISPENSER for tying flies A car when you're resting or sleeping in it is cieties, such as the Moscow Volunteer An- or winding a rod is the invention of An- a problem even the best insect repellents gling Society which boasts 50,000 members. tone Simion of Pittsburg, Kansas. He cuts can't solve completely. They certainly can't is an eight-inch strip one-half-inch wide from Each of these large groups composed of keep out moths and those night-flying bee- small primary fishing collectives formed by a piece of tin, punches a hole in each end, tles. H. M. Miller of Logan, Kan., no longer workers from local factories and shops. bends it into a U shape and passes a bolt is bothered. He had his wife make him a through the holes and through the center of Soviet fish are similar to ours but grow double-netting curtain, like a slip-cover, to spindle. light much larger. The Pacific salmon is only the spool, forming a kind of A fit over the top half of each car door. He fished for commercially, but in the salt seas coil spring under the tin at one side keeps slips the cover in place when the door is are tuna, codfish, mackerel and the flounder open; when the door is closed the double family are hook-and-line favorites. which layer of netting effectively covers the open Black pike, bass, walleye, bream, white and window. Spraying the netting with repellent yellow perch, carp, smelt, eel and catfish stops the smallest flies. are caught in the reservoirs, lakes and ponds. The rivers and streams contain A CARTOP BOAT can double as a luggage Arctic char and grayling in the North, carrier. On your next fishing trip, instead brown trout and a few imported rainbow of tying your boat upside down on the car trout. A special delicacy is the liver of the roof, tie it rightside up. And pack your light, nalim, or eelpout. and when an angler bulky luggage inside it. Not your outboard: catches one of these fish he flails the side it's too heavy. If rain threatens, cover the of his boat with it; this drastic treatment boat with a tarp or large piece of plastic swells its liver to twice its normal size. the spool under tension. Then he makes a wrapped entirely around it and tied under- Methods and tackle are primitive in the small hole in the middle of the U and sol- neath so it can't whip loose in the wind. rural areas. Handlines, trotlines and long ders over it the end of the bottom-half of wooden poles are used with live bait. Ma- an inexpensive ball-point pen so it projects A LURE WALLET is a new item anglers nure worms are popular fish-getters. A like a handle. Thread from the spool is will like. It fastens to your pants belt when standard method is to tie the fishline to a passed through the hole in the U, through you're wearing hip-boots, outside belt when tree branch; when a fish bites, the branch the hollow pen, and is drawn from the pen in waders. Lies flat on the hip, opens sways. But the urban angler uses expensive point as needed for winding or tying. you're zipper, has pocket for lures and copies of our modern spinning and bait- with a sheepskin pad for flies and streamers. Rear casting tackle, all made in the USSR. He has REEL WITH AN AUTOMATIC TRANS- loop holds fishing pliers. Made of durable silk lines, monofilament lines and leaders, MISSION! It's the new Ambassadeur 8000 plastic Perfection Products Co., 30 E. plugs, metal spinning lures and foam-plastic salt-water baitcasting model by Garcia. by 2nd St., Mount Carmel, Pa. Price: $2.95 bobbers. Production of glass rods is just During a normal retrieve the reel stays in postpaid. beginning; most still are bamboo or wood. a 5-to-l high gear but as soon as a fish Fly casting is not popular, although in Mos- strikes and runs, the reel automatically cow rivers a piece of colored floss tied to a shifts into a low 2-to-l gear, enabling the THE FISH WEREN'T BITING one eve hook is allowed to float downstream and angler to exert more pressure. The auto- ning for Dan Lombard of Meadville, Pa., then is retrieved as we do a streamer fly. matic mechanism is a separate sealed unit and he became desperate. The fireflies had But the average Russian has little patience connected to the spool. started to appear and he caught one, tied it with anything as fragile as fly tackle. He's to his worm bait, lowered them into the wa- strictly a meat fisherman. If he can't horse FINDING THE THERMOCLINE where ter. Its few final blinks were enough to at- his fish to the boat fast enough, he'll drop all the fish are, that underwater layer of tract a fish. The combination worked every his rod and pull it in by hand. the most rapid temperature change in a time and he went home with a stringerful. He is forbidden to take fish by means of lake (see ROD AND GUN CLUB for April explosives, poisons, drugs, automatic tackle, '64), is easy if you use a "Thermo-Fishom- If you have a helpful idea for this feature firearms or gigs. There are closed sea- eter." It's a small electronic thermometer no send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you flashlight batteries. As sons, size or bag limits except in certain that operates on two $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- conservation areas. Each collective charges you hold it in one hand and lower its probe turn, or enter into correspondence concern- the dues but otherwise fishing is free and no li- into the water on a thin wire cable, ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, depths are Magazine, 720 Fifth cense is required. But there's one important water temperatures at various The American Legion needle on a dial. Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019. qualification—in order to catch communist shown immediately by a 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1964 : ,

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JULY 1964 the economics of the NEW YORK STATE PUTS "Some insight into aged and unemployed may be gained from 1965 DEADLINE ON the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which in BONUS FOR WW2 VETS: 1960 devised a 'Modest but Adequate New York State, for the first time, Budget' based on average costs in 20 has put a cut-off date on applications cities, some large, some small ... A for its WW2 bonus . . . First paid in couple 65 or older who rent a small house 1948, it was one of the few state or apartment, would need an annual income bonuses without a deadline . . . But an of $ 5,010 for a modest but adequate act of the legislature has now set April living in this average city . . . This 1, 1965 as the last day for applica- did not include an allowance for the tions . . . For more details contact: large medical bills frequently associated

Veterans Bonus Bureau, N . Y. State Division with illnesses in older people ..." of Veterans ' Affairs, 155 Washington Corcoran left unsaid what his listeners

Ave. , Albany, N.Y. 12210. knew— that the most needy, and largest group of VA pensioners in the married couple classification have total incomes, VA PENSION HEARINGS START; including their other resources and their LEGION CONTRASTS GOV'T COST- VA pension, of from $1,080 to $2,080 a OF-LIVING STANDARDS WITH year ... In this classification the PLIGHT OF NEEDY VETS, WIDOWS: husband is unemployable . . . The VA The House Veterans Affairs Committee pension is $1,080 a year if other income opened hearings on veterans' pension is from $0 to $1,000 . . . Above that legislation in May, for the first time the VA pension drops. since summer of 1962 ... On May 20, Next, Corcoran noted that the cost-of- Legion Rehabilitation director John J. living index has risen 6.1% above what Corcoran testified on behalf of the it was in 1959, the year PL86-211 was

Legion's pension bill, HR1927, and the passed . . . "This ever increasing cost need to adopt its amendments to the of living, coupled with the fact that the existing veterans pension law, PL86- rates selected in PL86-211 were too low

211 . . . The Legion bill and the from the start, sustains our argument present law were analyzed on several that the pension rates should be revised pages of this magazine in the February upward to correspond with those in our and March 1963 issues — since which hear- bill, HR1927," he said ... He noted ings had not been held . . . Major pro- that while employed people often have posals of HR1927 are also outlined in incomes that go up with the cost of the next item below. living, veteran pensioners do not. Corcoran testified on the liberalizing "We had predicted," Corcoran testified, amendments offered by the Legion, and he "that the lot of the most needy VA pen- contrasted gov't estimates of human sioners would be worsened under PL86-211 need in studies related to publ ic wel- by small future increases in their Social fare , warring on p overty , and general Security and other retirement benefits, economic thinking on the one hand, with which would often serve to reduce their gov't standards of human need when de- pensions by far more than their increase vising a veterans pension program . . . in other benefits . . . Our apprehensions

Parts of this testimony are digested have been borne out . . . Many letters below received by the Legion following slight "The American Legion," he said, "agrees increases in Social Security benefits and that VA pensions should be related to a Civil Service Annuity payments revealed test of individual need ... It also substantial losses in VA benefits among insists that the standard of need for a this very needy group because of small war veteran should be set at a higher increases in these other benefits." level than the test of indigency and need The hardships caused by the meagre for public assistance. standards of PL86-211, which HR1927

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 31 , would tend to relieve, are aggravated by unemployable veterans over 65 to prove the medical expenses of the elderly which they have sufficient (10%) disability to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' "Modest qualify for pension . . . The require- but Adequate Budget" did not take into ment has done no good and has been a account, said Corcoran ... He read into waste of government money . . . Virtually the record the following passage from all veterans over 65 have 10% disability

"Developments in Aging— 1959 to 1963" in . . . The unemployability requirement Senate Report 8, of Feb. 11, 1963: remains for the very few who don't, as

"No other major items of consumer ex- do the income restrictions . . . Mean- pense have experienced rises comparable while a small handful of over-65 vets to the increases in the cost of hospital who met all the other requirements have services and hospitalization insurance. suffered from this one.

(They) are in a class by themselves . . . (When) food prices increased by some 4%, WHAT CHANCE HAS HR1927 clothing by about 2%, and housing by OF PASSAGE THIS YEAR? approximately 4% (there was an) estimated increase of 27% in hospital (costs)." "Newsletter" is of the opinion that all of HR1927 is reasonable and worthy of MAJOR PROPOSALS OF THE passage this year . . . Even the Legion's proposals would fail to bring VA pensions LEGION PENSION BILL, HR1927: up to the measure of the Bureau of Labor HR1927, the Legion's pension reform Statistic 's 1960 "Modest but Adequate bill (see above), contains numerous pro- Budget," which, as Legion Rehab Director posed amendments to the existing pension Corcoran pointed out, is already behind law, PL86-211 . . . Not all can be listed the cost-of-living index and ignores the in this space, but here are those that fearful medical costs of aging families would have the broadest effect on the . . . HR1927 is itself "modest and in- most people: adequate," not because the Legion is for 1. Generally increase the amounts of an inadequate program, but because there payment, and liberalize the restrictions isn't a chance that the Congress would on other income . . . The two proposals do better than what HR1927 calls for go hand in hand, and the figures vary . . . "Newsletter" does not believe that according to the number of dependents Congress will go as far down the road

. . . For an eligible veteran (who in all as HR1927 . . . This being an election cases must be deemed substantially un- year, we feel that a few of the least employable due to disability and/or age) costly proposals may actually be adopted, the Legion asks $100 a month if he has but we doubt that Congress will raise one dependent, if his other income is the income ceilings at all, or the rates from $0 to $2,400; and $80 a month if of payment by so much as the cost-of- his other income is from $2,400.01 to living index has risen since 1959 . . . $3,600 ... At present $90 is the maxi- mum, and it drops to $75 if other income This sounds strange in a year in which is over $1,000; to $45 if other income President Johnson says he is going all is over $2,000; to zero if other income out on a war on poverty, and four years is over $3,000. after President Kennedy ran on a platform For veterans with no dependents, that called for special legislation for roughly comparable improvements are older veterans, during which time no such sought, and modest increases of the same proposal got out of committee, or re- nature are sought for veterans' widows. ceived Presidential backing . . . The 2. The present requirement that income reason is that Presidents and Congress of a pensionable veteran's wife be are responsive to strong currents of counted as income limiting his pension public feeling, while veterans have gone eligibility would be abolished under off in all d irections in their pension HR1927 ... It has done a little good proposals and have not united behind a to the program from the government point reasonable bill, such as HR1927, which of view (economy), and a great deal of would be possible of passage with strong, damage to unemployable, disabled vet- active, united veteran backing, vigor- erans and their wives where the wife has ously and tirelessly directed to Con- sought to relieve their distress. gressmen by their constituents in 3. Eliminate medical examinations for every community.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 )

O F T H E NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS •JULY 1964

on the basis of quality second to none. Nat'l Exec Committee Adopts Another Nat'l Rehab resolution urged an adequate salary classification for the VA Administrator commensurate with 68 Resolutions At May Meeting the importance of his position—and op- posed all attempts to downgrade the VA The National Executive Committee of practices and policies and was vigorously in ways contradictory to the size and The American Legion held its annual opposed by The American Legion. scope of the agency. spring meeting April 30-May 1, 1964, at (On May 26, the House Committee Other Rehab resolutions expressed dis- National American Legion Headquarters on Foreign Affairs denied the request of appointment and dissatisfaction with the in Indianapolis. Ind. the AID head for such authority to sep- Federal Budget Bureau Report of Feb. Highlights of the meetings included arate certain employees and to "select 20, 1964, which opposes the enactment

( 1 ) receipt of gifts totaling $50,000 from out" others without regard to Veterans of HR 8009, a nursing home care bill The American Legion Auxiliary, in sup- Preference or Civil Service laws. The which the Legion supports. Legion de- port of Legion programs; (2) the ap- action resulted from a substitute amend- partments and posts were also encour- pearance of Rep. Olin E. Teague (Tex.), ment offered by Legionnaire Rep. H. R. aged to establish community service pro- Chairman of the House Committee on Gross of Iowa. grams for the aging. Veterans Affairs; and (3) a talk by Eu- In a resolution submitted by the Reso- In a resolution emanating from the gene B. Foley, Administrator, U.S. Small lution Subcommittee of the NEC, the National Americanism Commission, the Business Administration. Legion gave its full support to S. 2719, Legion went on record offering its con- With National Commander Daniel F. introduced by Sen. Henry M. Jackson, gratulations to J. Edgar Hoover for 40 Foley presiding, the committee acted on (D-Wash.), and pending in the now years of service as Director of the Fed- a total of 69 resolutions, adopting 68 and S. Senate, to provide retroactive U. eral Bureau of Investigation. The resolu- referring one for further study. At least earthquake insurance, reinsured by the tion also directed that these congratula- 18 resolutions called for Federal legis- federal government, to all who suffered tions be sent in telegrams to Mr. Hoover, lative action. losses in the Alaskan earthquake of Good the President of the United States, the Most of the resolutions involved rou- Friday, 1964. President of the Senate, and the Speaker tine business. However, there were many In the field of rehabilitation, the Le- of the House of Representatives. of general and wide interest. gion recommended that the Veterans Another Americanism resolution In approving the report of the Na- Affairs Administrator re-examine the urged the Congress to pass House Joint tional Convention Commission, the NEC Contact Service Program to learn wheth- Resolution 693, dated Sept. 10, 1963, accepted the choice of Portland, Oreg., er the recent reductions in contact serv- known as the Becker Amendment, which as the site for the 1965 National Conven- ice are in keeping with the VA slogan: relates to prayers or Bible reading in pub- tion to be held Aug. 20-26. Portland was "To care for him who shall have borne lic schools. Later in May. National to have had the convention in 1966 but the battle and for his widow and or- Americanism Commission Chairman was moved up one year to accommodate phan." Daniel J. O'Connor of New York ap- larger planning. The NEC said that The American peared before the House Judiciary Com- The Convention recom- Commission Legion would continue to ask the Con- mittee of the Congress to present the Le- mended a post-convention pilgrimage gress to provide funds necessary to per- gion's views. from Portland to Hawaii (Aug. 27-Sept. mit the VA to provide medical, surgi- In the area of Internal Affairs, the 2, 1965) to visit the National Cemeteries cal, and nursing care, and services to NEC adopted a resolution petitioning the and shrines of the Pacific. claimants in the cash benefits programs. (Continued on next page) Portland was also the selection of the Nat'l Americanism Commission for the site of the finals of the 1965 American Report On The Alaskan Relief Fund Legion National High School Oratorical Contest. With contributions coming in stead- A tentative award was made to the ily, the American Legion and Auxiliary Dep't of the District of Columbia for the Alaskan Relief Fund had swelled to National Convention in Wash., D.C., in $92,530.37 by press time. At left. Nat'l 1966. Cmdr Daniel F. Foley is presenting a A resolution emanating from the Eco- check for $10,476 to NECman Herald nomic Commission dealt with attempts E. Stringer of Alaska at the spring NEC in HR 10502 to undermine the principles meeting. It represents part of the funds of veterans preference in Civil Service. being used to provide many basic neces- HR 10502 was then before the House sities of the quake victims. Committee on Foreign Affairs. It pro- If you wish to contribute you may posed to give the Administrator of the make checks payable to "American Le- Agency for International Development gion Alaskan Relief" and address it: (AID) the authority to eliminate em- American Legion of (your state), c/o ployees without respect to standard pro- The American Legion Magazine, 720 cedures. This was viewed as a threat to 5th Ave., New York, N.Y., 10019. basic and traditional federal employment THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 33 NEWS.

Nat'l Cmdr personally to appeal to the The younger Foley was named SBA President of the United States for a re- Administrator by the late President John vision of the present policy forbidding F. Kennedy in August 1963 while serv- expansion of the National Cemetery Sys- ing as deputy to the U.S. Secretary of tem. The National Cemeteries of our Commerce. An Army veteran and Le- country are seriously crowded. Legisla- gionnaire, the 35-year-old attorney ear- tive authority now exists for the inter- lier was legal counsel to the U.S. Senate ment of 40,000,000 eligible persons, yet Small Business Committee. there are but 1,200,000 grave sites In his address, Foley told the gather- available for such interments. The situa- ing of national officers and committee- tion will not improve unless positive men that while thousands of small busi- action is taken. nesses do fail each year, their total num- Another resolution urged Legion de- ber has grown from 4,000,000 to 4,600,- partments to make surveys of available 000 in the ten years since the SBA was Federal lands in their areas suitable for created. National Cemeteries and to report these "Because The American Legion is one Eugene B. Foley, SBA Administrator, findings to Nat'l Hq by Aug. 1, 1964. of the foremost guardians of our way of at the Commander's Dinner to the NEC. The Legion's Membership and Post life," he added, "and because one of its Activities Committee offered a resolution principal goals is to preserve the blessings to create a National Membership Work- New Jersey and now Dean of the Com- and freedoms we enjoy for the benefit of mittee. has served continuous- shop. The Workshop would take place McKinley succeeding generations, it follows that ly on the since 1936. at Nat'l Hq in the latter part of August NEC Legionnaires should help to strengthen 1964. One representative from each of Thomas W. Miller, NECman from the role of small business in our society." the 50 state departments, the District of Nevada, who served from 1919 to 1927 On May 1, Representative Olin E. Columbia, and Puerto Rico will be au- for Delaware, and from 1946 to date for Teague (D-Tex.), Chairman of the thorized to attend at the expense of the Nevada. House Committee on Veterans Affairs, National Legion. Departments may send Alvin M. Owsley, Past Nat'l Com- addressed the NEC on problems facing veterans legislation. other representatives at their own ex- mander ( 1 922-23 ) , and President of The pense. It is hoped that a coordinated na- American Legion National Convention Responding to questions concerning tional membership plan for 1965 and Corporation of Texas which will be host- recent newspaper reports that some VA succeeding years will evolve out of this ing the National Convention in Dallas hospitals might be closed or merged for workshop. The 1964-65 Dep't Com- Sept. 18-24. reasons of economy, Teague reassured manders will be asked to designate the Jack Williams. Adjutant of the Dep't the Legion officials that "there is no authorized department representatives. of North Dakota, and the Dean of de- thought (in his committee) of closing There was a pause in the regular NEC partment adjutants throughout the Le- any hospitals any more than there has proceedings when Legion dignitaries of gion, thanked all who paid tribute to Bill been any other year." many years' service stood to offer tribute Stern and added his own tribute. Nevertheless, the NEC resolved to petition the Congress and the President to the memory of North Dakota NEC- National Chaplain Rev. John J. How- to man William (Bill) Stern, who died Jan- ard, of Virginia, led the final prayer. give "no consideration to reducing medical care for disabled and needy vet- uary 1, 1964. Until his death, at the age Two highly placed government offi- erans." It cited a recent survey showing of 77, Stern had the longest continuous cials made guest appearances during the that 9,225 out of 11,782 non-service- tenure on the National Executive Com- spring NEC meeting. Eugene B. Foley, patients admitted to hos- mittee, having served since 1926. He was Administrator of the U.S. Small Busi- connected VA pitals had assets. a Founder of The American Legion and ness Administration and younger brother no ready Rep. Teague said that later in his active from its beginning. of the National Commander, spoke at May committee would commence hearings on Those who spoke in tribute were: the Cmdr's Dinner to the NEC, at the veterans legislation, including William G. McKinley, NECman from Indianapolis Athletic Club, April 30. pension the Legion-sponsored HR 1927.

DIGEST OF RESOLUTIONS The National Executive Committee considered 69 resolutions at the spring, 1964, meetings, adopted 68 and referred one to the Economic Commission for

further study. Here is a digest of the adopted resolutions.

1. Reimburses The Legion for expenses incurred in connection with its Life Insurance Plan. 2. Approves routine business matters of The American Legion Magazine.

3. Commends J. Edgar Hoover for 40 years of service as Director of the F.B.I. 4. Urges revision of VA hospital admission pri- ority for former P.O.W.'s. 5. Urges changes in the "VA Admission Criteria Program." 6. Urges the VA to reexamine its Contact Service Program. 7. Supports the VA with regard to requests for operating funds from the Congress. 8. Urges legislation to limit review of VA extra hazard determinations for insurance purposes to two years from date of original decision. House Veterans Affairs Committee Chairman Rep. Olin E. Teague addressing the NEC. 9. Urges that the Administrator of Veterans 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 NEWS

AHairs be always provided with a salary com- suance of Presidential Memorial Certificates to mensurate with his position. the next of kin of deceased members of the 10. Supports enactment of H.R. 384, a pay grade armed forces. bill for retirees of the armed forces. 11. Asks authorization of payment of pension to widows and children of a veteran who has dis- appeared. School Prayer Ban 12. Supports the enactment of S. 2534, a bill to provide outpatient medical services for veterans. On May 21, 1964, National Ameri- benefits 13. Urges change in computation for VA canism Commission Chairman, Daniel J. of income derived from the sale of a personal residence. O'Connor (N. Y.), appeared before the 14. Authorizes study of group insurance plans for aging members of The American Legion. House Judiciary Committee to present 15. Urges departments and posts to establish com- the views of The American Legion in munity service programs for the aging. 16. Urges Congress to pass H.R. 8009 which seeks support of House Joint Resolution 693 to provide nursing home care for the needy. voluntary prayers 17. Urges the VA to establish certain standards which relates to by for the care of war veterans. pupils in public schools. Known as the 18. Approves post charter for John F. Kennedy Post 22 in Mainbullau-Main Miltenberg, Germany. Becker Amendment, it proposes amend- rules for telegraphic roll call and 19. Establishes ing the Constitution to permit voluntary Big Ten competition. 20. Urges discontinuance of the Aerial Member- prayers. ship Roundup effective the 1965 membership year. The American Legion, in National 21. Approves post charters for John F. Kennedy Convention Chmn Jim Demarest (N.Y.) Convention Resolutions No. 25 of 1962 Post 25 and Cape Canaveral Post 40 in the Dep't says Portland gets '65 Nat'l conclave. of the Philippines, both in Manila. and No. 25 of 1963 went on record as 22. Authorizes a Membership and Post Activities subcommittee to report on The Sons of The supporting an 51. Supports Senate 2719 to provide retroactive such amendment. American Legion. earthquake insurance for reconstruction of the Because of the importance of this 23. Changes closing ceremonies of regular Sons Alaskan economy. of The American Legion meetings to conform 52. Urges a National Monument at Gaspee Point, topic and the wide interest shown, here more closely to that of The Legion's. Warwick, Rhode Island. is a of O'Connor's 24. Urges "Korean Conflict" be changed to 53. Redesignates and redefines the Group In- summary Chmn "Korean War" in Constitution and By-Laws of surance Committee to be hereby known as The statement. the SAL. American Legion Life Insurance and Trust Com- 25. Transfers charter of London, England, Post 1 mittee. While we strongly urge a constitu- of York. from Dep't of France to Dep't New 54. Authorizes and describes Official American 26. Urges that departments pay full or part ex- Legion and SAL Banners. tional amendment, we do not share the to for attendance penses department historians 55. Authorizes Life Member cap insignia. at two historian conferences per year. criticism of the U. S. Supreme Court and 56. Authorizes Music cap insignia. 27. Opposes hiring of Panamanian citizens as 57. Authorizes National Champion Distinguishing its members which is voiced by some ex- Panama Canal Zone Policemen. Arm and Shoulder Patch insignia. 28. Amends the Uniform Code of Procedure for the tremists. 58. Redescribes Official American Legion caps. Organization of National Conventions of The American Legion. 59. Rescinds certain National Emblem Sales Non- We respect the views of those who 29. Urges that tests for PKU and galactosemia Legislative Policy Resolutions. with us as we expect them to re- become routine hospital procedure for the pro- 60. Approves specifications, bids and contracts differ for Emblem Division merchandise. tection of newborn children to prevent mental spect our views. Those differing with us retardation. 61. Urges the Nat'l Cmdr to personally appeal 30. Urges the appropriate agencies within Legion to the President for revision of the present policy believe children, not wishing to partici- departments to provide more adequate dental or forbidding the expansion of the National Ceme- pate, should not have imposed upon orthodontic service to needy children. tery System. 31. Urges Legion posts to provide leadership for 62. Authorizes changes in "The Manual of Cere- them a compulsory period of silence or the development of community recreation pro- monies" of The American Legion. grams. 63. Names the International Amity Award win- separation during recitation of prayer in 32. Expresses deep concern over public school ners for 1964. school by others. Our belief is that chil- policies regarding marriage and/or pregnancy 64. Authorizes a National Membership Workshop and urges review of such policies. to be held in August, 1964, at Nat'l Hq. dren who desire to participate in prayer 33. Revises certain sections of the Temporary 65. Commends the Dep't of Alaska, posts, and Financial Assistance Program. individual Legionnaires for their conduct and or Bible reading in school should not 34. Supports recommendations of President's efforts during the Alaskan earthquake. the have that right denied. But such denial Task Force on Manpower Conservation. 66. Commends those Legionnaires who conceived the G.I. Bill secured its passage into law 35. Urges increase in payments for Aid to Fami- and is the result of the court's decisions. lies with Dependent Children and that Survivors twenty years ago. Insurance payments get a periodic review. 67. Opposes closing VA hospital beds and facili- Our study of the 1st Amendment con- ties for economy reasons. 36. Urges evaluation of vocational training cur- (Continued on next page) riculums of the nation's schools. 68. Seeks enabling legislation to ensure the is- 37. Endorses equality of treatment for members of the armed forces through implementation of existing procedures and through civil law and authority. 38. Supports a broad program to combat mental retardation. 39. Authorizes certain Economic Commission Area Conferences. 40. Supports legislation to amend the Civil Serv- ice Retirement Act to require determination of entitlement before separation. 41. Supports House Joint Resolution 800 to estab- lish The World V/ar I Commemorative Commis- sion. 42. Supports Senate Joint Resolution 126 authoriz- ing the President to proclaim Dec. 7, 1966, as Pearl Harbor Day in Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. 43. Urges Congress to pass House Joint Resolution 693, known as the Becker Amendment relating to school prayers. 44. Requests the Joint Committee on Printing of the Congress to authorize the printing and dis- tribution of the Chronology of the history of the U.S. 45. Urges comprehensive Congressional review of Immigration and Nationality matters. 46. Urges amendment of the Internal Security Act of 1950 relating to the issuance of passports to Communists. 47. Authorizes a life member attachment for em- blem lapel buttons. 48. Firmly opposes practices or legislation ab- rogating in any manner the principles of the Five-year-old Ann Basso, acting for 100,000 junior members of the Auxiliary, aids Veterans' Preference Act of 1944 and the Civil in presenting totaling Service Merit System. National President Mrs. Luther D. Johnson checks $30,000 to 49. Grants title of Past National Chaplain to the Nat'l Cmdr Daniel F. Foley during the spring NEC meeting. A $20,000 check will go to Very Reverend Charles H. Brent (deceased). help the Legion's program of direct assistance to needy children of veterans and 50. Urges departments to survey available Fed- $10,000 was earmarked for the Child Welfare Foundation. Mrs. Johnson also presented eral lands suitable for National Cemeteries and report to Nat'l Hq prior to Aug. 1, 1964. an Auxiliary check for $20,000 to aid the Legion's work in veteran rehabilitation. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 35 NEWS vinces us that the court erred in its pray- that it would be in violation of the law. er decisions; the history, tradition, stat- Chmn O'Connor stated that if the Su- utes, and common law of this nation are preme Court's bans are not modified, replete with references to the Deity and "there will rise from the grass roots a invocations for providential aid. In sepa- cry of indignation which war veterans rating church and state, our forefathers and their families will not only support did not excise religion. There is a sharp but lead and which will exceed the pro- distinction between freedom of religion tests already registered in the halls of and freedom from religion, or its com- Congress." plete exclusion. Thousands of letters from interested The philosophy set forth in our Dec- Legionnaires and Auxiliares have been laration of Independence acknowledges received by the National Legislative Di- a Creator and declares that certain rights vision in the Washington, D. C, office of of men are bestowed by that Creator. the Legion. These were all submitted to Therefore, we believe the decisions are the House Judiciary Committee. incorrect and that they serve to detract U. S. Forest Ranger shows forestry stu- from, if not completely prevent, the in- dents how to use the Osborne Fire Finder. culcation of moral and spiritual values California Forestry in our American youth, who spend more Some 50 hand-picked youngsters, nominated by their schools' life-science time in school in their formative years sponsored by 27 American Legion Posts counsellors from among young men in- than they do in home and church com- and one 40&8 Voiture in California's terested in forestry who were in the up- bined. We also believe such restrictions San Gabriel Valley, studied forestry last per fourth of their senior classes, reports leave a void in the education of our summer in the southern California Glenn Reichenbach, the California Le- youth. mountains under the aegis of the U.S. gion's Agriculture & Conservation Chair- O'Connor cited some instances of in- Forest Service. A similar group was be- man. terpretations of the Supreme Court deci- ing organized for on-the-spot forestry The American Forestry Ass'n was so sions to support the Legion's contention and conservation study this year as these impressed by the project that it ran a that all prayers, whether voluntary or words were written. feature article on it in its publication, under school, city or state supervision To the participating Legionnaires of American Forests, by Russ Leadabrand. could be prohibited under the law. He California's 18th Legion District, the A digest of his report follows: said that a small group of pupils of a sponsorship of the youngsters was a con- ". . . top high school senior Long Island, N. Y., high school had com- tribution to the national need for more boys took part in a three-day Junior Forestry posed its own prayer but had been denied career-guidance of high school youths. and Conservation Conference sponsored permission to voice it by a teacher who The 28 Legion groups sponsored from jointly by the American Legion; the An- was convinced it would be in defiance one to five youngsters each, and paid a geles National Forest, S. of the court. total of $1,250, at $25 each, for trans- U. Forest Serv- A group of pupils at a Queens. N. Y., portation and keep of the youths while ice; the Los Angeles County Department kindergarten, he added, asked permis- guests of the Forest Service. The boys of Forestry and Fire Warden; and the So- sion to give a little prayer, or grace, at were handpicked from 36 different pub- ciety of American Foresters, Southern a cookies-and-milk break, but was told lic and parochial high schools. They were California Section. "The metropolitan Los Angeles area

is flanked by the 691,000-acre Angeles National Forest ... It was into this re- gion that the students, guided by expe- rienced forest personnel toured. They studied career opportunities for young men in forestry, conservation, engineer- ing and watershed management in this Southern California mountain and forest

country . . . The program included studies of fire control and fire prevention; recreation planning and management; sanitation-salvage logging; and refores- tation. "At the U.S. Forest Service Center in Arcadia the students and leaders were split into three crews, and were issued identifying plastic hard hats. "From Arcadia the teams went to engineering and flood prevention projects in Santa Anita Canyon. They were briefed by an Angeles National Forest flood prevention engineer there. "Enroute to the high country they stopped at the Clear Creek Multiple Use Demonstration Area where management of Southern California's chaparral areas

Legion-sponsored Junior Foresters plant trees in Angeles National Park, California. was explained.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 NEWS

"At Vetter Mountain Lookout, eleva- tion 600 feet, fire detection, using the Osborne fire finder, was demonstrated. Instruction was given on pre-attack and fire weather calculation. The teams then moved to the Forest Service's Chilao Training Center. A campfire program in- cluded discussions of career possibilities in forestry. From the University of Cali- fornia's Forestry School came Dr. Paul Zinke to tell the students the require- ments for entering the forestry depart- ment at Berkeley. "The teams took part in a fire hose laying contest at Chilao. A helicopter demonstration was highlighted by actual jumping from airborne helicopter by members of the Angeles National For- est's crack helitack team. The helicopter The happy family surrounding the 1963 Rambler American in the photo above belongs displayed its value as a highly mobile fire to John Brandon of Akron, Colorado. Brandon won a first prize in the American Motors contest with a coupon which was in his copy of our March issue. He got $10,000 and a fighting tool by dropping water and lay- new 1964 Rambler station wagon soon to be delivered. A Korean War veteran, Brandon ing hose. joined the American Legion in 1951. His reasons: "I've always liked the Legion. My

"At the top of 8000-foot Kratka father was a WWI vet and a Legionnaire and the Legion helped him. I think it's an honor to belong to the Legion and any who's been in the service join." Ridge, a ski area, the activities of snow man should rangers in the mountain region were ex- to the extent plained to the students. Sanitation-sal- gram of $8,000 had been sold as early as 1. stickers vage logging was explained to the young Legion Baseball May Bumper and other aids are plugging the games. who witnessed used for- men methods by Sponsor of eight local teams in Ameri- Little Rock, the state capital, is sit- esters to control insect infestation of can Legion Baseball competition each uated the Arkansas River and is a trees. on year for the past five years, M. M. Eberts city of about 110,000 people. North "Saturday evening's campfire program Post 1, Little Rock, Ark., will host the Little Rock has about 60,000. Average included a description of careers in wild- Legion's 1964 Little World Series, Au- summer temperature is 80.6 degrees, and life management and forestry research. gust 24-31. The 14 or 15 championship average humidity is 66%. "On Sunday the teams toured one of games will be played at Travelers' Field, Prior to the Little World Series, the the forest's most modern campgrounds home of the Arkansas Travelers of the vying teams must slug their way through and discussed outdoor recreation plan- Pacific Coast League. It seats approxi- sectional, departmental and regional ning, as well as the operations of the mately 6,000 and has excellent lighting. elimination games. landscape architect. At Pinyon Flats they Eight teams, winners of local, district, The eight sites for the 1964 Regional participated in a reforestation tree plant- department and regional competition, Tourneys, with dates yet to be set, are: ing project. the best of tens of thousands of 1 8-and- Manchester, N.H., College Park, Md., "At Crystal Lake Recreation Area, under baseballers, will gather at Little Staunton, Va., Memphis, Tenn., Ash- the most heavily used recreation area in Rock. The boys and their coaches and land, Ky., Hastings, Neb., Lewiston, the forest, the details of the forest's vis- managers will be housed at the Uni- Idaho, and Mesa, Arizona. itor information service program were versity of Arkansas Medical Center, Looking off into the future, Aberdeen, explained. where every room is air conditioned. S.D., previously approved as the play-off "On their return to the Arcadia Cen- A pre-game banquet is slated for Sat- city for the 1965 Legion World Series, ter students filled in evaluation reports, urday evening, August 22, at the La- will stage that event Aug. 31 through telling what they had found most inter- fayette Hotel. If the affair outgrows this Sept. 6, 1965, with Sydney L. Smith Post esting about the three-day study of the establishment, it will be held in the Ma- 24 as the host post. mountain country. Arrangements were rion Hotel. Two former baseball greats The eight sites and host American Le- made whereby both the sponsoring are expected to speak: Vernon (Lefty) gion posts for the 1965 Regionals are: Legion American groups and forestry Gomez, the witty and unpredictable ex- Manchester, N.H., Henry J. Sweeney personnel might keep track of the stu- Yankee pitcher, and Stan Musial, ex- Post 2; Bridgeton, N.J., Shoemaker Post dents who actually decide to make some Cardinal, a seven-time National League 95; Orangeburg, S.C., Thomas Raysor phase of forestry their career. batting champion. Also expected to at- Summers Post 4; Memphis, Tenn., Mem- the "Success of Los Angeles County tend are former stars Bill Dickey, Lon phis Post 1 ; East Chicago, Ind., East Chi- Junior Forestry Conference has lent Warneke. Carl Sawatski, Johnnie Sain, cago Allied Post 369; Salina, Kans., Les- weight to a proposal that the Southern and George Kell. lie W. Kreps Post 4; Billings, Mont., Yel-

California experiment be used as a pilot Post 1 baseball chairman Thomas lowstone Post 4; and Roswell, N.M., for similar youth conferences in forestry Moore and his assistant, Lee Rogers (ex- Charles M. Debremond Post 28. elsewhere in the country. major league hurler with the Brooklyn Orangeburg, S.C., has been selected "The Pasadena post of the American Dodgers and the Boston Red Sox), have as the play-off city for the 1966 World Legion has already awarded one forestry launched a statewide ticket selling con- Series of American Legion Baseball with scholarship to a deserving youth and test and have called upon the state news- the finals tentatively set for Aug. 30 plans to award a second—to a Junior papers and three Little Rock television through Sept. 5, 1966. Thomas Raysor Forestry Conference student—this com- stations for publicity. Summers Post 4 was approved as the ing year." Advertising space in the souvenir pro- host post for the event. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 37 ,

NEWS.

BRIEFLY NOTED Legion junior and senior drum and Post 40, Manila, Philippines; W. D. Mil- The American Legion has admitted de- bugle corps will appear at half time dur- ler Post 907, Levelland, Tex.; Tinker- ing a pro football game at the Cotton Hill feat in its membership contest with the Post 481, Seagraves, Tex.; Ever- Bowl. Auxiliary and has paid off the bet with green Post 80, Evergreen, Colo.; and a $250 check to the Legion's Child Wel- A contest for Legion quartets has been John F. Kennedy Post 485, San Antonio, fare Foundation to be added to funds for scheduled. Chorus and quartet contests Tex. research in pediatric virology. Nat'l Aux- have been slated for 3:30 p.m., Sunday, iliary President Mrs. Luther D. Johnson Sept. 20, at the Dallas Memorial Audi- PEOPLE IN THE NEWS last fall challenged Nat'l Daniel torium Theater. Cmdr G. H. (Gil) Stordock, Wisconsin's Nat'l F. to a membership contest, with Foley Executive Committeeman, honored at a winning organization to be the one official the An post-Convention tour of testimonial dinner in Madison, in recog- reporting the largest percentage of 1964 Mexico has been outlined for Legion- nition of his many years of service to membership, compared to the 1963 naires, Auxiliares and their friends and veterans and their organizations. membership on record as of Dec. 3 1 families who attend the Legion's Nat'l 1963. The contest ended Jan. 31. 1964. Convention in Dallas this September. A William C. Doyle, of Vineland, N.J., three-day trip, flying out of Dallas to chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Security The Washington Senators baseball or- Mexico City on Friday. Sept. 25, will Commission, promoted to Brigadier ganization has designated July 1 1 as include visits to Mexico City, Cuerna- General of the New Jersey Nat'l Guard. American Legion Day in Washington. vaca. and Taxco—ending Monday, Sept. His assignment is Deputy Chief of Staff, D.C. Prior to the game between the Sen- 28. An extended tour would add Aca- Dept. of Defense, New Jersey. ators and the New York Yankees, two pulco, and a further extension for those

American Legion teams will play a four- desiring it will include a visit to Merida, Sam L. Latimer, Jr., member of the Le- inning game. Yucatan, and the nearby Mayan ruins. gion's Public Relations Commission Basic 3-day tour is $151 per person since 1946, honored by the Columbia, (double room) or $169 (single room). Following the introduction of legisla- S.C., city council for his 30 years as a For more details, inquire of any Ameri- tion in Congress by several New Jersey commissoner of the Columbia Housing can Airlines ticket office or American Congressmen calling for the addition of Authority, the "longest career of per- at the N.J., Legion Convention Corp., Adolphus some 250 beds East Orange, sonal service" as a local housing author- Veterans Administration Hospital, the Hotel, Dallas, Tex. ity commissioner in the nation. New Jersey American Legion was granted a hearing in support of such leg- NEW POSTS Frederick C. Heinle, a member of Post islation by the Sub-Committee oh Hos- The American Legion has recently char- 500, West Allis, Wis., named Wisconsin pitals of the Veterans' Affairs Committee tered the following new posts: Dep't Service Officer. of the House of Representatives. The Odell Post 193, Gilchrist, Ore.; present waiting list for admission to the Broomfield Post 58, Broomfield, Colo.; L. Boyle, of Waterville, Maine, hospital exceeds 200, with between 150 James Jake Ray Post 90, Shelbyville, Tenn.; and 250 always pending. recently retired as Dep't Adjutant, given Scott County Little Post 221, Oneida, a testimonial dinner in honor of his 45 In bringing this situation to the atten- Tenn.; Childs-Bradley Post 578, Daw- years service as Adjutant and as a tion of New Jersey's Congressional Dele- son, Ga.; Leonard Watson Post 591, Founder of The American Legion. The gation, William G. McKinley, the New Orleans, La.; James Oliver Hays affair was attended by Gov. John H. State Legion's Rehabilitation Chairman, Post Maple Hill, N.C.; and John F. 244, Senator S. Muskie, pointed Reed, U.S. Edmund out that East Orange Hospital Post Mainbullau/ Milten- Kennedy 22, and other distinguished guests. meets all critical requirements of the VA berg. Germany. in the allocation of beds to serve the vet- Also, President John F. Kennedy Post eran population in the greater New York Blaine W. Sweitzer, appointed service 25, Manila, Philippines; Cape Canaveral metropolitan area. Also, that sufficient director of The American Legion's Dep't

land is available on the present hospital of Kentucky. site for the addition of a 250-bed build- American Legion Life Insurance ing without cost to the Government for Month ending May 20, 1964 the land. Benefits paid Jan. 1-May 20 $ 320,325 Benefits paid since Apr. 1958 1,756,086 W. W. (Mickey) Walsh, of Grand Junc- Insurance in force (dollars) 218,965,500 tion, Colo., alternate Nat'l Executive Basic units in force (number) 106,126 For the first time in the history of New applications since Jan. 1 9,045 Committeeman and a Past Dep't Cmdr American Legion pageantry, the big Pa- New applications rejected 851 (1950-51). American Legion Life Insurance is an official rade of Champions during the Legion's program of The American Legion, adopted by 46th Nat'l Convention in Dallas, Tex., the Nat'l Executive Committee. 1958. It is reducing term insurance, issued on application, Ernie C. Knoebel, of Wenatchee, Wash.. will be made up of five senior and five subject to approval based on health and em- Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman junior corps. The Junior and Senior ployment statement to paid up members of Death benefits range (1940-41). Drum and The American Legion. Bugle Corps preliminary com- from $8,000 (double unit up to age 35) in re- petitions are scheduled for 9 a.m., Sun- ducing steps with age to termination of in- surance at end of year in which 70th birthday Benjamin F. Chatfield, Sr., of Macon. day, Sept. 20, at the P.C. Cobb Stadium. occurs. Available in single and double units at of the Legion's Public Re- The big evening show and the Parade of fiat rate of $12 or $24 a year on a calendar Ga., member year basis, pro-rated during first year at $1 lations Commission since 1958. Champions, originally set for 7 p.m., has or $2 a month for insurance approved after 1. Underwritten commercial life been changed to 7:30 p.m. at the Cobb Jan. by two insurance companies. American Legion insur- Stadium. ance trust fund managed by trustee operating James Dalgleish, of Myton, Utah, Past under laws of Missouri. No other insurance may There will be no competitions at the Dep't Cmdr (1945-46). use the full words "American Legion." Ad- Cotton Bowl Stadium as announced ministered by The American Legion Insurance Department, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680, earlier. On Saturday, Sept. 19, however, to which write for more details. Mrs. Samuel Boiling Wright, mother of 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1964 NEWS

Nat'l Vice Cmdr Harry Wright, of Mex- Ad Men's Post 209, New York, N. Y., COMRADES IN DISTRESS ico. has once again launched its community Readers who can help these comrades are urged to do so. campaign in behalf of Just One Break, Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- can Legion Inc., a public service placement agency Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. Joseph Woolfson, of Forest Hills, N.Y., They are not accepted from other sources. for the disabled. Since 1952, Post 209 Readers wanting Legion help with claims Legionnaire, retired in 1962 as Di- who should contact officers. has instigated the employment of some their local service rector of the Veterans Div. of the Ameri- Service officers unable to locate needed 900 severely disabled veterans. witnesses for claims development should refer can Jewish Congress. the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- sion through normal channels, for further search before referral to this column. Sons of the American Legion Squadron POSTS IN ACTION 611, Easton, Pa., has secured the pledges 393rd Inf, 99th Div—Need to contact men who knew Louis (Frenchie) Bernier and injury of 30 persons who will donate their eyes he sustained when his jeep hit a land mine just after crossing River Weid in Germany to the Lion Eye Bank. about 12:30 a.m., March 22, 1945. Informa- tion may assist him in a claim. Contact: Robert C. MacFarland, Dep't Service Officer, Post 201, Livingston, N.J., is the win- The American Legion, Box 411, Togus, Maine. USS New Hampshire, April 1914—Anyone who ner of the New Jersey Press Associa- served with Marine William T. Sulem in this tion's fourth annual Public Service Ad- month, prior to sailing for Vera Cruz. Mex- ico, and recalls his being injured while vertising Contest, given for the best use loading coal aboard ship may have informa- tion which will assist him in a claim. Con- (by any advertiser) of newspaper adver- tact: William Sulem, 777 N.E. 36th St., Pom- tising in fostering worthwhile com- pano Beach, Fla. Stalag 1 x B, Bat Orb, Germany (WW2)—Any- munity projects. The post sponsors a one who knew Cpl John R. Trafford (28th Ll, while a prisoner of weekly series of ads promoting safety Div, 110th Reg't, Co war in Germany, may be able to help him and charitable causes. establish a claim. He was taken prisoner Dec. 16, 1944. released Apr. 6. 1945. Contact: W. G. Blackburn, Acting Dep't Service Milwaukee, Wis. Post 871, Bronx, N.Y., the All-Elk Post, Officer, 342 N. Water St., cooperated with the B.P.O. Elks at the Kingsbridge Veterans Hospital. The B.P.O.E. put on a boxing show for the LIFE MEMBERSHIPS hospitalized vets and the post gave away Post 157, Brooklyn, N.Y., recently pre- The award of a life membership to a Legion- five radios during the show. (Below) naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who sented a therapy machine to the Correc- know him best that he has served The Ameri- tive Therapy of the Dep't Brooklyn VA can Legion well. Hospital. The machine has many appli- Below are listed some of the previously un- cations in the rehabilitation of patients. published life membership Post awards that have been reported to the editors. They are Last year the post gave about 6,000 hours arranged by States or Departments. of labor and visiting time and more than Louis S. Niezgodzki (1963), Post 562, Los $1,000 in equipment to the hospital. Angeles, Calif. Robert L. McKay (1963), Post 703, Morro Bay, Calif. Post 230, Mohawk, Mich., sponsors George F. Robinson and Abraham I. Sussman (both 1958) and Anthony A. Meraty (1959), Post "Cadet of the Week, Month and Year" 19, Willimantic, Conn. selections in the Reserve Officers Train- James C. Vann, Sr. (1958) and Arthur A. Kransberger (1963). Post 43. Homestead, Fla. ing Corps program at Calumet H. S. Michael Markowski (1964), Post 51, Westville, Award winners are chosen on personal 111. McKinlev Gray and Sven Moller and Edgar and uniform appearance, contributions Parsons (all 1964), Post 264, Lake Forest, 111. Alfred H. Borman to the Corps of Cadets by the individual, Charles E. Anderson and and Joseph C. GafTney (all 1963), Post 342, St. and general and specific knowledge of THE AMERICAN LEGION Charles, 111. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS Arthur E. Rozene and Pierre Thomas and military subjects. Post 230 contributes \PRIL 30, 1961 Walker Wallace (all 1963), Post 348, Chicago, 111. the Cadet of the Month trophy and the ASSETS Sidney T. Phillip and Dominic P. Schilling Cash on hand and on deposit $2,573,707.30 (both 1963). Post 622, Prairie du Rocher, 111. two plaques for Cadet of the Year—one 213,441.27 J. Fred Rittenhouse (1964), Post 110, Wolcott- retained by the the other 416,018.22 ville, Ind. ROTC and by 667,664.57 Walter I. Schlegel and Paul Smerchek and the cadet. Trust Funds: John W. Thomson and Reginald G. Thomson Overseas Graves D< oration (all 1961), Post 219, Blue Rapids, Kans. 276,628.93 Horace E. Lindberg and James E. Mahler and Employees Retirement Joseph A. Mahler and Michael J. McElligott Post 3.124.031.39 3.700.660.32 303, Fridley, Minn., has given a re- (all 1961). Post 27, Cambridge, Mass. Real Estate 814,228.39 suscitator to the Fridley Police Dept. The Fred B. Finn and James J. Fitzgerald and Furniture K Fixtures Less Depreciation 2.30.140.51 Paul F. Fitzgerald and John T. Flynn (all 1963). purchase was stimulated by the recent 54,096.79 Post 28, Northampton. Mass. $8,669,987.37 William L. Bernier and Louis A. Cole ( both collapse of a Legionnaire in the post LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE 1955) and John D. Rockwell, Jr. (1958) and clubrooms. The first police car to arrive AND NET WORTH Ralph B. Mendall (1963), Post 64, Middleboro,

Current Liahilities , . $ 446,496.49 Mass. at the scene did not have a resuscitator. Funds Restricted as to use 27,935.23 D. Webster Brown and F. Eben Brown and George A. Bunnell, Sr. and Orrin B. Carpenter The stricken Deferred Income 1,959,101.09 man, near death, was given Trust Funds: (all 1964). Post 166, Fairhaven, Mass. mouth-to-mouth resuscitation until an- Overseas Graves De coration Frank Modreske (1962). Post 495. Caledonia, Trust Funds 276,628.93 Mich. other police car arrived with a resusci- Employees Retirem ent Harry Rogers (1959) and Casimer Zahik Tru^l Fund 3,424,031.39 3,700,660.32 (1961) and Alvin Selander (19631, Post 531, tator. Copemish, Mich. Net Worth : Reserve Fund 24,185.11 Amos Brand and Walter Fergus and Clifford Restricted Fund 23,499.13 Hunt (all 1964), Post 11, Hastings, Nebr. Real Estate 814.228.39 Joseph P. Fitzmorris and Rosario J. Green- Post 4, Juneau, Alaska, has presented Reserve for Rehab litation 578.607.81 wood and Hilton A. Newell (all 1955) and Liberty 41, a check for $6,000 to the Southeast Reserve for (^liild Wei faro 101.121.08 Joseph H. (1958), Post Whitefield, Reserve for Convention .... 60,000.00 N. H. Alaska Area Council of the Boy Scouts 1.601,914.55 Ward Van Arsdale and William Van Fleet and William Wheeler, Jr. (all 1963), Post 12, Somer- to help Unrestricted Capital 933,816.69 2,535,791.24 develop a Scout camp. (Legion ville, N. J. posts now sponsor 4,400 Scout units.) (Continued on page 40) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 39 —

NEWS AMERICA'S BIGGEST LITTLE FOUNDATION Peter Gregory, Sr. and Louis Pesout, Sr. 87th Div— (Aug.) Donald J. Ranc, 1014 East (both 1963), Post 147, East Paterson. N. J. Blvd., Rt. #2, Aurora, Ohio. (Continued from page 23) Max J. Husslerath (1947) and Edward Mullaly 88th MP (WW1)— (Aug.) Albert J. Meyer, and Edwin J. Wise (both 1950) and William Box 1125. Cumberland, Iowa. are not. By shrewd placement and selec- Bishop, Jr. (1964), Post 154, Butler, N. J. 100th Inf Div— (Sept.) Leonard J. Mcllvaine, tion the Walter C. Kirschner and Frank Massett and Chestnut Ridge Rd., Glens Falls, N. Y. board has given away relatively Robert G. Skillman (all 1964), Post 213, Bronx, 103rd QM Reg't, 728th Ord Co & Co E— (Aug.) small sums where their use and their tim- N. Y. Samuel T. Kessel, R D. #3, Gettysburg, Pa. Robinson ing triggered Theodore R. Brining and Louis 107th AAA AW, Bat B— (Aug.) Boyd W. Holtz- has the flow of millions of (both 1964), Post 1289, South New Berlin. N. Y. claw, 411 N. Broad St., Clinton. S. C. 29325. dollars other Joseph F. Bouse (1963), Post 1635, East Islip, from sources into some of 109th Eng, Co F— (Sept.) I. E. Tilgner, N. Y. Lew- ellen. Nebr. 69147. its favored projects. Thus a $20,000 Clarence Kettleson and George W. Harmon 112th Cav Reg't— (Aug.) 112th Cavalry. (both 1963), Post 65, Wing, N. Dak. P.O. grant to the American Social Health As- Irvin R. Watts and Clyde D. Wise and Fred Box 1112, Dallas 21, Tex. sociation helped set off a chain reaction Zoller (all 1963), Post 243. Galion. Ohio. 120th Ord Co, (MM)— (Aug.) Joe Van Dam, Rt. 2, Box 561, S. Riviera Dr., Raymond Fields (1962), Post 51, Guymon, Stevensville, Mich. whose climax was the appropriation by Okla. 49127. Emma Gardner Jones (1962) and Sarah Myers 127th Sig Radio Intelligence Co— (Aug.) Robert Congress of several million dollars to the (1963), Post 50. Philadelphia, Pa. L. Bowers, 4148 Bowman Ave., Indianapolis, U.S. Public Health Service in an all-out Maxwell B. Ertwine (1949) and Allen Laudig Ind. 46227. and Guy V. Home (both 1961), Post 289, Ring- 224th Inf Reg't, Co L (Korean Vets only)— drive to wipe out syphilis in the United town, Pa. (Aug.) James A. Blanchard, 13272 Charloma Lawrence G. Andres and Herbert Burgovne Dr., Tustin 80, Calif. States. and Frank O. Gibson (all 1964), Post 481, Mid- 273rd Field Art'y Bn— (Aug.) Mrs. A. L. Hutch- That pattern is typical of the Founda- land, Pa. inson, 411 Lacy, Independence. Mo. Walter Smith and Thomas W. Stringfellow 292nd Joint Assault Sig Co— (Aug.) Nathaniel tion's application of what Chairman and Charles W. Tandv and Malcolm N. Wilkin- L. Green, 50 Hoover Ave.. West Orange, N. J. Eldon James calls the "seedling" prin- son (all 1963), Post 12, North Kingstown, R. I. 337th Inf Reg't, Hq Co, (WW2)— (July) Donald Lubnow, 313 E. Newhall Ave., Waukesha, ciple. It applies not only to triggering a Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Wise. tion only on an official form, which we provide. 339th Inf (See Polar Bear) flow of millions of dollars by a gift of Reports received only from Commander, Ad- 342nd Mach Gun Bn, Co B— (Aug.) William M. thousands, but also to bringing the ener- jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded Richards, 5953 S. Rapp St., Littleton. Colo. the life membership. 80120. gies, ideas and interests of large numbers They may get form by sending stamped, self- 349th Inf, Co H (WW1)— (Aug.) John J. Tray, of capable people into focus on a neg- ;iddressed return envelope to: 1617 E. Main St., Ottumwa, Iowa. "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 351st Inf, Co I (WW1)— (Aug.) John E. Fergus. lected problem of American children, 617 '.' E. Washington St., Knoxville, Iowa. 5th Ave., New York, N. Y." 10019. 2 through small, timely, well-placed gifts. 353rd Inf On a corner of the return envelope write the (WW1)— (Sept.) John C. Hughes, 829 E. Ave. B, Hutchinson. Kans. For instance, today there are more number of names you wish to report. No written 359th AAA Sit Bn— (Aug.) William L. Slattery, letter necessary to get forms. than 1,000 local chapters of the National 548 Locust St.. North Tonawanda, N. Y. 504th MP— (Aug.) Dr. J. M. Ray, 1132 Sparks Association for Retarded Children. Most Rd., Lexington, Ky. the local chapters represent the united 536th Ord Heavy Maint Tank Co— (Aug.) of OUTFIT REUNIONS Bayard W. Peabody, 105 S. Main St., Bald- parents and teachers of retarded chil- winville. Mass. Reunion will be held in month indicated. For 556th Ord Heavy Maint Tank Co— (Aug.) Ev- dren. They have organized camps, particulars, write person whose address is erett N. Lawter. 236 6th Ave. Huntington, W., schools, transportation, educational and given. W. Va. Notices accepted on official form pnly. For 591st Eng Boat Reg't, Co H— ( Aug. ) Sinai Valois, training programs for their unfortunate form send stamped, addressed return envelope 8 Burleson Lane, Jewett City, Conn. to O. R. Form. American Legion Magazine. 609th Tank Dest Bn— (Sept.) Don A. Vogt, P.O. youngsters, perhaps most of whom suf- 720 Fifth Ave.. New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices Box 142. Geneva. N. Y. fered brain damage at or before birth. should be received at least four months before 701st MP, Co D (1941-45)— (Aug.) Otis E. chapters are well organized, scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary Thomas, Rt. 1, Corydon, Iowa 50060. The NARC to get form. 712th Rwy Oper Bn, Co C (WW2 & Korean Vets) have sound programs, are in contact with —(Aug.) E. Tully, Earliest submission favored when volume of Mark 3425 Bank St.. Louis- ville. Ky. 40212. expert informational sources of their na- requests is too great to print all. 730th Rwy Oper (Aug.) Eatilo J. Pellegrini. Bn— they enjoy strong gen- Box 624, Lyndora. Pa. tional body, and ARMY 749th Tank Bn— (Aug.) Edward J. Harmon, 105 eral community support in their own lo- 1st Medical Reg't— (Aug.) Harold E. Schroeder, Wilson Blvd., Islip, N. Y. calities. Most readers of these words have Box 245, Readlyn, Iowa. 761st Field Art'y Bn— (Aug.) Robert J. Rhoads, 4th Inf Div— (Aug.) Joseph Summa, 129 Bay 138 Joseph Ave., Johnstown, Pa. 15902. seen these chapters rise to their present 11th St., Brookb n 28. N. Y. 871st Airborne Eng Bn— (Aug.) Charles G. Rit- 8th Replacement Depot— (Aug.) Charles Turek, ter, 1635 Bernheim Lane, Louisville. Ky. stature in the past decade, and most read- 15 Vermilyea Ave., New York, N. Y. 10034. 40210. to 11th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Ray S. Buch, P.O. Box 887th & 1283rd MP Co's (WW2)— (Aug.) Elmer ers of these words have contributed 8. Pittstown, N. J. Miller, R.F.D., Hampton. Iowa. the local support of these chapters. 11th Port— (Aug.) James Householder, 1080 893rd AAA AW Bn, Bat A— (Aug.) Doc Gold- Staley Rd., Grand Island. N. Y. stein, 18-26 Hillery St., Fair Lawn, N. J. 14th Arm'd Div, Hq Bat, Div Art'y (WW2) 907th Ord Heavy Automotive Maint Co— (Aug.) that wasn't so as recently as (Aug.) Roscoe J. Denton, Jr., Wendover Rd., Ervin E. Zachor, 3508 Hopkins Cross Rd., But East Setauket. N. Y. 11733. Hopkins. Minn. 55343. 1955. There were then about' 200 20th Combat Eng— (Aug.) George F. Rankin. 1283rd MP (See 887th MP) 5711 Ave. H.. Brooklyn, N. Y. 11234. 3455th, 3556th Ord Medium Automotive Maint local chapters. The parents of retarded 28th Div, 103rd Co's (Iran, WW2)— (Aug.) John M. Mcintosh, Medical Bn & Reg't (WW1, children in their home towns then had the WW2)— (Sept.) H. H. McBurney, 347 Sunset 928 Wright Ave.. Toledo, Ohio 43609. Dr., Bethel Park, Pa. Polar Bear (WW2), 339th Inf & Associates— benefit of very little expert knowledge on 31st Rwy Eng (WW1)— (Sept.) Roy Roepke, (Aug.) Charles C. Isely, Jr., P.O. Box 396, organize or, if organized, how 12912 Malena Dr., Santa Ana. Calif. 92705. Columbia, Mo. how to — 37th Div— (Sept.) Exec. Sec'y, 37th Div Vet- to develop an effective program. There erans Assoc., 21 W. Broad St., Rm. 1101, NAVY Columbus. Ohio 43215. were experts who could help them, in- 3rd Special Seabees (Aug.) Hugh O. Baney, 39th — Combat Eng— (Sept.) Thomas Sweares, 125 Elfreth's Alley, Philadelphia. Pa. 19106. cluding those at the parent national or- 2217 E. Raymond St., Indianapolis 3, Ind. 82nd Seabees & 519th CBMU— (Aug.) Willard in York. But the Na- 42nd Div— (July) Reunion Committee, May- F. Johnson. 339 State St.. Albany. N. Y. ganization New flower Hotel, Washington, D. C. 519th CBMU (See 82nd Seabees) tional Association for Retarded Children 42nd Div, 222nd, 232nd, & 242nd Inf, & 132nd Marine Air Gp 25— (Sept.) Robert J. Biggane, Sig Co (WW2)— (Aug.) Jack O'Kane. 2914 34 Euclid Ave., Delmar, N. Y. wasn't rich enough to go out in the field, 74th Ave., Elmwood Park. III. Marines, SantG Domingo City (1916) (Aug.) — meet with the parents of retarded chil- 30th Eng, Co C— (Aug.) J. B. Spencer, Rt. 1, H. V. Peltier, 5350 E. 21st St., Tulsa, Okla. Fairmont, Minn. 56031. USS 564 (LST)— (Aug.) Stephen Cuppek. 20 dren in their home towns, and tell them 31st Pioneer Inf— (Sept.) Otto Rauch. 186 Marble Terr., Hastings on Hudson, N. Y. Adams St.. Delmar, N. Y. USS Belfast (PF 35). CG— (Aug.) Arthur L. all it knew about what they could do lo- 33rd Combat Eng, Co A— (July) John L. Wells. Jr., 730 Sterling St.. Plainfield, N. J. cally for the benefit of their children. It Pogany, 33953 White Rd., Wickliffe. Ohio. USS Delta (AR-9)— ( Aug.) Charles Anderson, B9th Inf Div— (Aug.) Loar Quickie, 512 S. Main 1852 Hoffman St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 19145. didn't have the money to raise the money St., Pennington, N. J. USS Richard W. Suesens (DE 342)— (Aug.) Cal 70th Tank Bn— (July) James W. Vance. 4302 Krause. 422 S. Dewey Ave.. Jefferson. Wis. it needed for a thorough job of national Carriage Ct, Kensington, Md. USS Wasp (CV-18)— (Aug.) John J. Allen, 444 organization. It was just the place where 81st Div (North Central U.S.) — (Aug.) Mrs. Kennedy Blvd., Bayonne, N. J. Grace Hall, 1386 S. 3rd St., Columbus, Ohio. a little money could unleash energies 82nd Ord, Heavy Maint Co— (Aug.) Ernest W. AIR Zick. R.R. 2 W, Onarga, 111. 60955. out of all proportion to the size of a 85th Chem Mortar (Aug.) Hudson, 414th Bomb Sqdn (Aug.) Joe Simpson, Whit- Bn— Don — grant. Fairfax, Okla. mire, S. C. 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 —

The American Legion Child Welfare needed for Congress to act flowed from dation. The first dollars having been

Foundation, dedicated to the "much it. found, the later ones come more easily. from little" idea, lent a ready ear when In the whole field of gifts and grants As Legion Child Welfare Director the NARC suggested that for so small for projects of possible value to human- Randel Shake told Congress this year (in a sum as $16,000 it thought it could put ity, the first dollar is harder to raise than urging that the appropriations continue), a top man in the field for a year to meet the second—the first million harder than an eradication program is the only sensi- locally, from coast to coast, with parents the second million. It is common for a ble approach to syphilis, and by far the of retarded children and other interested potential big donor to offer substantial cheapest. a likely ". people, and give them valuable organi- sums for cause provided that . . We are concerned," he said, zational and program advice. someone else makes the first gift, or pro- "not only with the terrible effect of

The $16,000 grant was made in Au- vided that someone else pays for a pilot syphilis on young people who contract it, gust 1956. Dr. L Ignacy Goldberg, a project to test the idea out. but also with the total economic effect dedicated and gifted man who was then Watch this happen now as the multi- VD has on our society. . . . $12,000,000 a staff member of an institution for the million-dollar campaign of the federal of tax money is spent yearly on the care mentally retarded in southern Indiana, government to eradicate syphilis grows of the syphilitic blind. . . . Another $50,- went on the road as educational con- from a mere $20,000 supplied by the Le- 000,000 goes for the care of our 24,000 sultant under the Legion grant. gion's Child Welfare Foundation. paretics. ... Of untreated syphilis cases, For 12 months he toured the country, Early in the 1950's the American So- one in 200 goes blind; one in 50 becomes participating in workshops, parents' cial Health Association was seeking gifts insane; one in 25 becomes crippled; one meetings, conventions, conferences and to pay for three studies at three universi- in 15 becomes a syphilitic heart victim college courses, carrying the word on ties to develop a promising behavioral what could be done locally for retarded approach to the prevention of venereal Eight years after the first Legion grant children and how to do it. More than disease. The three studies would cost of $10,000 and pledge of another $10,-

10,000 interested people heard him, $90,000. The ASHA knew where it 000, upwards of four million dollars nearly all of whom wanted to act but could get the last $70,000 of that sum have poured into the project, and the Fed- needed his expert words to release their provided it could find the first $20,000 eral Government is committed to fight energies in a definite direction. elsewhere. syphilis to the finish. The Legion's Foun- In 1956 the Legion's Foundation dation's little gift of $20,000, collected "Tt snowballed," said Dr. Goldberg. (which didn't have $20,000 to spare from the Legion family in donations av- eraging each, was the push that X "We had to plan 1 2 months work then) put up the first $10,000 and $16 started the the hill. It is on $16, 000—including travel expenses pledged the second—which it granted in snowball down on the most modest scale. But the project 1958. The other $70,000 followed auto- especially heartwarming to think that swelled out of all proportion to our hopes matically. The studies were made, and most of the Legion's "seedling" effort while I was still on the road. There were they were so impressive that the U.S. was originally given in memory of de- always more people than we expected. I Public Health Service offered $50,000 ceased war veterans—a further exten- was called into areas off my scheduled more for follow-up study in N.Y. City sion of the pledge that "they shall not route, places I couldn't afford to go. public clinics. have died in vain." Local people—including Legion posts National experts in social health were made the sidetrips possible. They raised convinced by the results of those tests Like most "discoveries," the notion the extra costs, they boarded me in their that it would be feasible to try to stamp that a small foundation could work homes, they fed me, they hired the halls, out syphilis entirely in the U.S., using wonders by judiciously placing small they called out the audiences." the new approach. They made such gifts in expert hands at the right time and The stride forward made by the nation strong representations to President Ken- place was not invented in the Legion by a with respect to training the mentally re- nedy that he appointed a special task sheer stroke of genius. Like Newton and tarded and getting local support to back force on "The Eradication of Syphilis," the apple, it came from the observation it up, has been greater in the last ten headed by Dr. Leona Baumgartner, N.Y. of isolated experiences by a man who un- years than in the preceding fifty. The lit- City Health Commissioner. derstood what he was looking at and tle Legion grant, small as it was, laid In December 1961, the task force re- divined an underlying principle that ex- the groundwork because it went in the ported to the Surgeon General that the cited and enthused him. right direction at the right time. This eradication of syphilis, which had been In the late 1940's The American Le- judicious use of $16,000 was worth mil- on the rise in the U.S. since 1956, was gion (without any foundation) made rel- lions, says Dr. Goldberg, who is now feasible. atively small one-shot gifts to two small, Director of Special Education at Colum- In the spring of 1962 the Congress specialized organizations because it be- bia University. Recently, looking back specifically appropriated the first $1,- lieved in what they were aspiring to. In at his 1956 adventure and its unprece- 000,000 to be used by the Public Health each case, the Legion's gift was the step- dented results, Dr. Goldberg said: "The Service to launch the drive to wipe out ping stone on which the recipient hoisted grants made by The American Legion syphilis in this country. itself to great national importance and Child Welfare Foundation initiate some- For years, sums of several million had inestimable value to American society. thing. They go in all directions. They are regularly been appropriated by Congress In 1 948, because of its interest in rheu- different from usual grants. They touch for venereal disease control—a practice matic heart disease in children, the Le- many people and extend across the na- that might go on forever without an gion made a one-shot grant to The Amer- tion. The investment is sound and there eradication program. Today, with further ican Heart Association—which was then is no end to the effect." allocations in 1963 and continued Con- a medical society of heart specialists Beyond a certain point, cause and ef- gressional support anticipated yearly, the whose assets were almost nothing. A to- fect are not easily determined. Dr. Gold- "wipe out syphilis" program is gathering tal of $50,000 from the Legion and the berg feels reasonably sure that a half bil- steam in expert hands. Auxiliary did no more than let the AHA lion dollars appropriated by Congress to Meanwhile the original three universi- set up shop as a national voluntary health aid the nation's mentally retarded also ties have continued their exciting studies institute. Within a few years, because the

flowed from the Legion's little $16,000 under two more grants from the National Legion gift had given it enough of a kitty grant because the climate of opinion Institutes of Health and the Ford Foun- (Continued on page 42) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 41 AMERICA'S BIGGEST LITTLE FOUNDATION can Legion Child Welfare Foundation, make a headline—yet may be of vital (Continued from page 41) to receive gifts from Legionnaires, Aux- importance. iliares, Legion Posts, Auxiliary Units, One of the biggest problems of the to hang out its shingle, to staff its office 8&40 Salons, Sons of The American Le- National Association for Mental Health and to produce its literature, the AHA gion and anyone else who might be in- is the recruitment of more qualified men- was raising millions annually and pour- terested. Its chief purpose would be to tal health workers. Nothing, probably, ing them into heart research and public set off chain reactions in important or could excite you less, until you realize and professional information on heart neglected fields that were related to the that a Lee Oswald at large in the condi- and circulatory diseases. welfare of American children. tion he was in last November could have A few years later, again on a one-shot Aware that the Legion's National Ex- been related to the inadequacy of the basis, the Legion put up $25,000 so that ecutive Committee could hardly create mental health movement in the United another voluntary health association a foundation without any assets, Dr. States — including its shortage of per- could have a grubstake—and nothing Murphy got it off the ground by putting sonnel to do their own work and to ad- more. There were several small—and in up the first assets himself—mineral rights vise the city fathers on suitable mental a sense competing mental health asso- — to about 5,000 acres of oil-rich land in health facilities and policies. ciations, none of national stature. The North Dakota and elsewhere. Their ex- Recruiting people to make a career of Legion, interested in both the welfare of act value was speculative, but whether mental health is dull to outsiders yet vital mentally ill war veterans and the mental they prove to be a bust or a bonanza is in the field. Listen now to Edward Lin- health of children, urged them to com- unimportant. They were assets. zer. Director of Education Services of the bine into one and do important work. With that as a start, the Legion's National Association for Mental Health. At the crucial moment what they needed National Executive Committee okayed "To attract the big gifts that organiza- was a small ante to get started. The Le- the creation of The American Legion tions such as ours need, we must first gion's $25,000 gift was the kitty, and the Child Welfare Foundation at its fall depend on foundations such as the Le- National Association for Mental Health meeting, Oct. 1953. With all the paper- gion's. You recently gave us $3,500 to came into being. work done, it was incorporated exactly get a recruitment program going. Your ten years ago—in July 1954. grant sparkplugged a $10,000 grant from payoff to the whole nation that The As America's biggest little foundation Sigma Beta Fraternity and two grants grew from the puny $75,000 that the it has only made grants to 17 projects in totaling $8,500 from the Shell Oil Foun- Legion had put up to midwife the AHA ten years, totaling a mere $184,450. By dation. At last, with proof to offer [from and the was not lost on Dr. Gar- NAMH far the most spectacular to date are the the work done with these smaller gifts] land D. Murphy, Jr., a veteran, a WW2 retarded children and syphilis-eradica- the Federal Government granted us $53,- practicing physician of El Dorado, Ar- tion stories, which represent only $36,- 000 to do a badly needed film on careers kansas, a sometime chairman of the Le- 000 of Foundation funds. in mental health, which is now being gion's national Child Welfare Commis- prepared." At some future date there is a possi- sion and now, in 1964, a National Vice of bility that the fruits of a $9,000 Legion The Foundation has given a total Commander of The American Legion. grant to the National Hospital for $16,500 to the Delinquency Control In- saw underlying prin- Dr. Murphy an Speech Disorders in New York City in stitute of the University of Southern Cal- ciple that should be put into permanent 1958 may be as spectacular as anything ifornia. They helped pay 12-week ex- practice. wise use of small The money yet. The money is being used to explore penses of officers from 54 police depart- could outweigh the extravagant use of a likely theory that speech disorders are ments in 27 states while in Los Angeles big money if it was shrewdly placed. If part of a much larger syndrome, which doing advanced study of the handling of you were honest and smart and knowl- may one day be attacked as a whole, and juvenile lawbreakers. Among other edgeable and dedicated and if you ad- which may involve, together or separate- grants the following are representative: hered to the "seedling" principle, you ly, speech disorders, poor reading, poor Three grants helped start what are didn't need a topheavy, publicity-minded, spelling, poor muscular coordination and now regular summertime advanced heavily staffed, costly administered, mul- a weak sense of rhythm in children. courses for Southern probation officers timillion-dollar, bureaucratic founda- There's nothing new in the idea, but this at Tulane University.

tion in order to support projects of work is an attempt to nail it down and Seven Legion grants now support at-

enormous value to our society and our make it susceptible to therapy. tacks on cystic fibrosis, one of them all virus dis- posterity. The heart association and men- The project is exploratory, without by way of a broad study of tal health association adventures had al- final results yet. But the early work was eases in children. ready proved it. so promising that the Foundation made Grants to the National Society for the "Let's set up a small foundation, based a later grant of another $10,000 and sug- Prevention of Blindness have underwrit- on voluntary gifts from Legionnaires gested to hospital director Dr, Murray ten two films for schools—one, "A Fair however small," Dr. Murphy urged. Snyder that more money might be forth- Chance for Tommy," to help preserve an- Then let's go looking for other projects coming if necessary. However, he was the sight of partially sighted children, that promise to snowball for the benefit satisfied that the initial work was ade- other, "The Smartest Kid in Town," to of America's children if they get a boost quately supported by the Legion funds help schools prevent blindness in shop at the right time. Let's look too for proj- and another grant he'd received. and laboratory accidents. ects that we recognize as important, The Legion Foundation is not inter- As it starts its second decade in July the Founda- whose money needs are so small—yet ested in status or sensational publicity. 1964, the number of gifts to real—that big donors hardly give them It has no front at all. Its name is virtually tion and their average size is slowly going the a second look and "can't afford" to con- unknown except where it has spread its up as more and more members of sider their small needs. (It is almost a works. Its directors want to feel that its big Legion family make their homely, commonplace in the field of philan- grants have a chance to produce value often humble, and always very human thropy that if you don't need a lot of to America's children, and that from the donations to it a regular habit. The

money it is most unrewarding to pay any original value more value is apt to follow. American Legion Child Welfare Foun- attention to you. Little gifts don't bring Some of the most important work of the dation's staff and directors foresee that much status to the giver.) many qualified potential recipients is as in the next ten years it will be even a Dr. Murphy proposed a going Ameri- dull as you can imagine — will never bigger little foundation. the end

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ILY 1964 — .. .

"INVESTIGATING Restyling for New Cars. ACCIDENTS Oldsters Get Tax Break. Brings Me Up To

PERSONAL Insurance Rate Revisions. $12000 A DAY

Auto makers are spending a king's ransom to restyle their 1965 wares, due in about ten weeks. Two basic reasons are prompting the wholesale facelift: 1) Detroit wants to stretch the sales boom (now in its third year) into a fourth bonanza, and 2) Some of the blush has faded off the compacts. So customers will be tempted with a variety of sportier, sleeker, more powerful cars. To be up-to-date in your automotive vocabulary, you'll have to add three new style words this fall: "slab side," "fastback," and "notchback." The Step Into This Booming majority of designs will have one or more of these features. A "slab side" $19 Billion A Year Industry which even Cadillac will have in place of its famed tailfins—is an unbroken You can earn up to $15 an hour ... repeat, beltline, running from front to rear and completely absorbing the fenders year-round income ... in the exciting, fast- (somewhat a la today's big Pontiacs). A "fastback" is a roofline that slopes growing Accident Investigation field. Car fur- nished. Business expenses paid. NO selling. racily to the rear (somewhat a la Volkswagen). A "notchback" is a rear roof- NO higher education necessary. NO equipment line with a Z-like cut in it. Incidentally, despite these sleeker contours, needed. And age is NO barrier. You can earn there'll be less chrome on cars next year; designers say it's too "cluttery" while you learn. Keep present job until and moreover gets banged up too easily. ready to switch. Rush coupon for all facts and material. Horsepower again will go up, as will overall car length. But most power- plants—which will average out at around 210 h.p.—will perform well on I

| UNIVERSAL SCHOOLS standard gasoline. 6801 Hillcrest, Dallas 5, Texas Look for the really dramatic changes in Corvair, Mercury, Galaxie, Ameri- | Send FREE Book on Big Money In The Amazing j can Motors' Classic, and General Motors' station wagons (many of which Accident Investigation Field. No obligation. Name will have a "raised roof" construction). Address^ As for prices: Auto people predict they will be "steady," though this is City _Zone State- a little like comparing apples and oranges because of the many model changes. Suffice it to say that, on comparable wares, prices will be about the same. STYLE 455

Note how the new federal income tax laws give an older person a break when he sells his home for a profit and doesn't reinvest in another. No longer will this financial nest egg be fractured by a straightaway capital gains tax on his winnings. Instead, these milder rules are now in effect: • If you're 65 and sell your house for less than $20,000, you won't have to CAPITOL pay a cent of capital gains tax, no matter how big your profit. ELECTRIC BINGO BLOWER • If you sell for more than $20,000, you will get a sizable profit exclusion. Si Completely redesigned unit . . . unusually quiet, fully visible action, with balls in constant motion — last ball comes out You can figure your exclusion thus: $20,000 -f- sales price X profit. For as fast as the first and a ball is always waiting as you call example: If you sell a house that cost you $15,000 for $25,000 (making a a number • Full set Samsonite Balls • Clip-on board holds payout sheets • Blue Hammertone finish matches Capitol $10,000 profit), your exclusion will be $20,000 -f- $25,000 X $10,000 or flashboard. Unconditionally guaranteed. Ship. wt. 50 lbs. COMPLETE COLOR CATALOG ON REQUEST $8,000. You subtract the $8,000 exclusion from the $10,000 profit and pay H. A. SULLIVAN CO., INC., . TEL. 212 ST 6 4700 taxes on the difference. That leaves you a mere $2,000 to be taxed. DEPT. 647A. LAWRENCE, L. I., N. Y. Reason for this change is to give older people the chance to realize enough cash from their homes to pay for decent rent or board, if they prefer that. ELECTRIC SHAVERS Brand new. latest models, fully guaranteed. All orders mailed in 24 hours. LIST OUR Important changes in insurance rates are in the making: MEN'S MODELS PRICE PRICE Norelco "20" Speedshaver. .$19.95. {11.95 "200" AUTOS: A big revamp is planned for January 1 by members of the Nat'l New Ronson 19.95 . . 11.45 Norelco "30" Floating Head. 29.95 . 16.45

Ronson "300" Big Daddy . 31.50 . 17.85 Bureau of Casualty Underwriters and the Nat'l Automobile Underwriters "25" New Remington 29.50 . 16.45 Assn. Here are the highlights: New Schick Super-Speed ... 29.50. . 15.95 Sunbeam "NS5" Shavemaster 26.25 17.45 1) Surcharges (higher rates) for young drivers hereafter will be on a .00 extra for Postage & Sales Tax. Complete refund will be made, if you are not satisfied. Send check or M. 0. to: sliding scale. In other words, the older and more experienced the youngster, JOHN BROOKS, DEPT. 145, BOX 212, ST. LOUIS 66, M0. the lower the surcharge (and vice-versa). 2) Unmarried girls through age 20, who heretofore drew no surcharge, now will cost the car owner 5% to 55% over the base premium. How To Stop 3) Unmarried male owners or principal operators will draw a surcharge Athlete's through age 29 (previously it was through age 24). It ranges from 230% to Foot Itch INSTANT RELIEF! 10% . Surcharges for married males are considerably lower, and stop at age 25. At first sign of itching, 4) Women drivers aged 30 through 64 will get a 10% discount if they live cracking, peeling be- alone or are the sole operator in their household. tween toes, apply Dr. LIFE INSURANCE: Several companies are beginning to experiment with Scholl's Solvex for fast lower rates for non-cigarette smokers. Splashiest effort is by State Mutual relief! Amazing medica- tion works three ways: 1. Instantly stops the Life Assurance Co. of America which is cutting premiums on new, $10,000- intense itching; 2. Kills Athlete's Foot fungi life policies for haven't and-up whole buyers who smoked cigarettes in a on contact; 3. Promotes rapid healing! Oint- year (pipes and cigars are okay). A 35-year-old would save about $6 on a ment, Liquid, Powder or Push-button Spray. $10,000 policy. r By Edgar A. Grunwald D- Scholls SOLVEX THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 43 "

OUR OWN JAPANESE IN THE PACIFIC WAR (Continued from page 17)

Like Sergeant Matsumoto, many of utter boredom and a series of frenzied, I have not been able to identify the the linguists operated in the front lines intense, 20-hour days when captured lost enemy fleet commander for certain, and even behind enemy lines. They ac- documents were rushed back following but a Japanese war history says that companied Marines and GIs on jungle battle. Most teams were commanded by Adm. Mineichi Koga. who succeeded patrols. They tapped phone lines and an intelligence officer who helped eval- Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto as commander manned forward observation posts, pro- uate the findings. Often, captured maps in chief, was forced down during a storm viding their officers with instant transla- of enemy defense positions were trans- while flying from Palau to Davao in the tions of Japanese commands. lated and rushed back to the front in time Philippines on March 27, 1944. Koga In a battle not far from Myitkyina, to turn the tide of battle. On the rare oc- and several members of his staff were Burma, Sgts. Robert Honda and Roy casions when prisoners were captured, killed in the crash. Nakada of Honolulu, and Sgt. Ben Su- they were hurriedly interrogated by The Japanese were lulled into a false geta of Los Angeles tapped a telephone Nisei. Lt. Kan Tagami of Selma, Calif., sense of security in their belief that wire and listened to communications be- Americans could not fathom the com- tween elements of the Japanese 18th Di- plexities of their language. They didn't vision. They overheard reference to an know until the end of the war that every enemy ammunition dump, then located captured document was being rushed it on a map. U.S. bombers soon de- back to translating teams. stroyed it. Honda later operated with The enemy's laxness astounded U.S. the O.S.S. Kachin Rangers in the Myit- officers. Our ability to take advantage of

kyina-Fort Hertz area for eight months it, plus the fact that Japanese codes had from March to November 1944. An- been cracked, led one military historian other Nisei, T/3 Shig Mazawa, now of to remark that never did one nation Chicago, commanded a unit of Kachin know so much concerning its foe's inten- tribesmen in setting ambushes for Jap- tions as did the United States during anese troops. most of the Pacific campaign. fire, Sgt. Under heavy enemy Henry Yet the skills of the Nisei were almost official, Gosho, now a State Department lost to the nation by our inability to see interpreted the foe's shouts in the midst their potential. of a battle in Burma, enabling his pla- During the darkening summer of toon to shift its firepower to repel a 1941, a handful of American officers heavy assault. tried to alert superiors to the importance Gosho served for a time in the U.S. of Japanese language specialists in the Embassy in Tokyo after the war and is seemingly inevitable war ahead. Among now in Washington. D.C. them were Brig. Gen. John Weckerling, Sgt. Hoichi Kubo of Hawaii earned then a lieutenant colonel, and Col. Kai E. the Distinguished Service Cross for risk- Rasmussen. then a captain. Rasmussen ing his life to talk a group of dangerous row, row your boat, gently down "Row, had studied Japanese as a military at- enemy holdouts into surrendering. Sgt. the stream— tache in Tokyo and he knew what a dif- Jack Tanimoto of Gridley, Calif., won ficult language it was to learn. the Silver Star for similar action on Oki- AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE THE Both Weckerling and Rasmussen were nawa. on duty with the Fourth Army intelli- Some died in battle. Sgt. Frank T. with the 1 24th Cavalry in the CBI Thea- gence staff at The Presidio in San Fran- Hachiya of Hood River, Ore., was ter, said the big difficulty was in over- cisco. Weckerling later became deputy awarded a Silver Star posthumously. coming the prisoners' fear that they assistant chief of staff, G-2, of the War Hachiya was attached to the 7th Divi- would be killed. Once the Nisei won their Since Department general staff. Rasmussen sion HQ and did not have to go into com- confidence, the POWs talked freely. became commandant of the Military In- bat. He volunteered to cross a valley on the Japanese Army expected its men to since telligence Service Language School. Leyte under enemy fire to scout Jap- die rather than be captured—and "Men who can read, write and speak anese positions. He was out ahead of his they didn't expect the United States to Japanese are as necessary as guns, planes patrol when a sniper shot him. Hachiya have Japanese-speaking personnel—Jap- and ships," protested Rasmussen in urg- killed the sniper and, although mortally anese troops were not security conscious. ing a linguist program. "We do not have wounded, brought back the needed in- "They talked their heads off," said Lieu- enemy's formation. tenant Tagami. these men. Knowledge of the workings of his The album of the Military Intelligence tongue, as well as the mind, is imperative if our intelligence most of the Nisei worked in the Service Language School, published in But service is to function." anonymity of command posts and 1946, says the Nisei "translated the en- knew that rear echelon headquarters at the tedious tire Japanese battle plans for the naval Rasmussen and Weckerling European and demanding job of translating cap- battle of the Philippines. These plans only a very few Americans of familiar with Japanese, tured documents. These documents in- were captured from the commander in ancestry were of mis- cluded battle plans, defense maps, tactical chief of the Combined Japanese Fleets mostly businessmen or members college Japanese orders, intercepted messages and diaries. when the plane in which he was hurry- sionary families. Our Their efforts turned up a mass of infor- ing to join his fleet made a forced land- language programs were elementary and had had far too few students to serve a mation that enabled American com- ing in the Philippines . . . Likewise, the manders to anticipate enemy action, complete Japanese plans for the defense national need. There was no time to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, of the Philippine Islands also were made teach students in these courses enough id surprise and strike where they known through the work of the language Japanese to be militarily useful. Even were least expected. specialists from the School long before finding qualified teachers was a prob- Headquarters duty alternated between our forces had landed on Leyte." lem.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1964 The only alternative was to use Nisei for the Denver Post, covering the de- —the American-born offspring of Japa- fense of the Taegu perimeter, the Inchon nese immigrants—who naturally had a landing and first recapture of Seoul. Japanese language background. The A job of monumental proportions lay £ RUPTURE trouble was that they were an unknown ahead of Rasmussen and he had no time it is important that you ciuantity to most highly placed officials. to waste on me. Selective Service pro- The Nisei had embraced American ways vided military intelligence with the name Get this NEW FREE BOOK with characteristic thoroughness. But of every draftee of Japanese parentage. This New FREE Illustrated Book tells how could these youths of an alien race, only Rupture can be treated by a mild NON- Rasmussen and Weckerling, or their SURGICAL METHOD and THAT THE one generation removed from the old aides, interviewed all of them for Jap- TREATMENT is backed by a Lifetime Cer- tificate of Assurance. country, be trusted in battle and in high- anese language proficiency. The most The book explains that, although many ly sensitive intelligence work against the people have not heard of, or have been able were selected for transfer to the misinformed about the non-surgical treat- people of their own blood? school as soon as it could be started. Two ment, it has a long history of use and is recognized by authorities today. Weckerling and Rasmussen argued were picked to be instructors. One of Many men and women from all over the country have taken the NON-SURGICAL that the Nisei were loyal. Rasmussen them was a brilliant attorney named TREATMENT and have reported it has himself is of foreign birth—he speaks John F. Aiso who was serving as a pri- proven effective. Write today for this New Free Book that both English and Japanese with an ac- vate first class. Aiso is a native of Los tells HOW and explains WHY more and more sufferers are using others that MODERN NON- cent—and he reminded the Angeles, a graduate of Brown University SURGICAL Methods of treating their rup- tures. Act Now. obligation. the United States is made up of immi- in Providence, R. I., and his law prac- No FVCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC grant groups. As it turned out, there was tice had earlier taken him to the Far Dept. E 1140 Excelsior Springs, Mo. never any occasion to question the loy- East. Aiso eventually was named director alty of a single Nisei GI. of academic training. He left the service The two officers had trouble convinc- at the end of the war as a lieutenant colo- ing the War Department of the feasi- nel and today is a California Superior CAMPING bility of their project. After costly delays Court justice. they won reluctant approval for a small- The two servicemen and two Nisei for scale language school. Indicative of the civilians were ordered to set up a cur- WORLD'S Department s dim view, the school was riculum and prepare textbooks for a Jap- placed under the Fourth Army, which anese military language school at crash FAIR at the time had jurisdiction over the West speed. Because of lack of funds, the first 15 minutes from New York City Coast, and not under the Army's regular texts were mimeographed. For complete details and advance Specialized Training Program. The ini- On November 1, 1941, scarcely five reservations write at once to our Midwest Reservation Office. tial appropriation was for only $2,000. weeks before the outbreak of war, the Weckerling and Rasmussen had no Fourth Army Intelligence School was CADILLAC ESTATES, Inc. time to be discouraged. There was work opened in a converted hangar at Crissy 4239 MONROE ST. TOLEDO 6. OHIO to be done. But they ran into difficulty Field, The Presidio, San Francisco. Half almost immediately when they discov- the hangar was used for classrooms, the BOOKKEEPER Be a ered that the vast majority of Nisei were other for barracks. Orange crates were ACCOUNTANT too thoroughly Americanized. Of the pressed into service as chairs until furni- [Vf £arn Big Sparetime Money ©"Be Your Own Boss [Vf Step into a Weil-Paid Job URGENT DEMAND for first 3,700 men interviewed, only 3% ture could be wangled from more ade- MEN and WOMEN, all ages, trained In today's special Bookkeeping and Accountancy methods. Have your own proved to speak Japanese fluently. The quately endowed outfits. profitable business, or step into a well-paid position as next could be considered fairly pro- Accountant. Auditor, Tax Specialist, etc. Qualify in 4% There were 60 hand-picked students leisure time at home, or thru resident classes in Jackson- ville. EAKN WHILE YOTI LEARN! FREE bonk and ficient in Japanese. Another 3% knew in that first class—58 Nisei and two unique Kelect-A-Skill Career Finder give full details. just enough so that they could be used Write TODAY. MTI's School of Accounting, Rm. Bl-57-03, Caucasians. All day and late into the 23 West 47 Street, New York, New York 10036. after intensive training. And even the night they studied Japanese reading, best to taught of them had be military writing, interrogation, translation and in- vocabulary and usage. HOW TO PUBLISH terpretation; analysis of captured docu- Join our successful authors in a ments; Japanese geography and map- complete and reliable publishing program: publicity, advertising, was among those Colonel Rasmus- reading; Japanese military organization YOUR handsome books. Speedy, efficient I sen interviewed. 1 thought I could and technical terms. For good measure service. Send for FREE manuscript report & copy of Publish Your Book. boast a fair speaking knowledge of the they were given lectures on the social, CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALG language, but he quickly proved me com- political, economic and cultural back- BOOK B4 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N. Y. pletely inadequate in other respects. First ground of Japan. he asked me to read a high school text. I Fifteen of the students couldn't keep fife Borrow could make out perhaps two or three up and had to be re-assigned. After six BY MAIL characters in 100. The colonel kept low- months, 35 of the graduates were divided mm $4452 gas $ i,ooo ering the standard until we got down to a between the Marines headed for Guadal- Enjoy the things yon want level I could handle—third grade. canal and the 7th Division in the Aleu- NOW with a confidential LOAN-by-MAIL — get anv "Hosokawa," Colonel Rasmussen tians. The remaining ten were added to amount, $100 to $1,000. Pay back In small monthly installments to fit rasped with ill-concealed disgust, "you'd your paycheck. No co -makers. Cash 24 Monthly the faculty to teach an enlarged second You Payments Also, Credit Life Insurance is avail* Get make a helluva Jap." class. able, at nominal cost, which will pay $100 $ 5.90 the balance of your loan in case of death. $300 $17.71 Rasmussen turned me down as hope- No matter wher«» you live, rush this coupon The Army meanwhile was evacuating now. Loan Order Blank mailed FREE $500 $28.54 in a plain envelope. No obligation. Act! lessly ignorant. Later, I was evacuated all persons of Japanese origin from the Cash 30 Monthly DIAL FINANCE CO., 401 Kittredge Bldg. You Get Payments Dept. 7-092 - Denver, Colorado 80202 from my home in Seattle, Wash., to the West Coast as a security measure. Some $800 $36.89 Bldg. relocation center at foWL FINANCE CO., 401 Kittredge $1,000 $44.89 war Heart Mountain, 1 00,000 men, women and children, citi- Dept. 7-092 - Denver, Colorado 80202 Wyo., from where I to J moved Des zens and aliens alike, were packed off to • Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank, mu. «h Moines, Iowa, to work on the Des inland camps. With the source of stu- Name j ...... Moines Register. For reasons unknown dents gone from the West Coast, the Address- — J to I me, was never drafted. During the school was transferred to larger quarters | City Zone Slate A mount you want to borrow t Korean War I served as a correspondent {Continued on page 46) | THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 45 OUR OWN JAPANESE IN THE PACIFIC WAR the students entering later classes knew Fortunately, none of our Nisei was (Continued from page 45) less Japanese than had those in the first ever captured by the enemy, although classes, increasing the burden on the in- Cpl. Tony Uemoto, a native of Hono- at Savage in Minnesota. By then Camp structors. The faculty was placed on duty lulu, had the uncomfortable experience the top brass could see the value of the every evening as tutors. Classes were of being seized by our Chinese allies It was re-organized as a Mili- program. scheduled six days a week. Many of the near Tonkwa, Burma, where he was tary Intelligence Service Language linguists were shipped off with a bare serving with the 475th Infantry (Mars School under direct War Department su- minimum of basic military training. Task Force). They took his shoes away pervision, and on June 1, 1942, a second Just as the Nisei as a group had to to prevent escape and marched him four class of 200 men, virtually all Nisei, got prove themselves to the War Depart- hours in his bare feet to American lines under way. ment at the outset, many of the linguists as a prisoner. The rough spots discovered in the first faced individual problems in winning the class smoothed and even were out an confidence of fellow GIs. Except for the One of the more fabulous characters more rigorous routine adopted. Class- Westerners, most of our servicemen had of the Burma campaign. Staff Sgt. room sessions started at 8 a.m. and never encountered Nisei before and Kenny Yasui, had an even closer shave. ended at 4:30 p.m. Additional classes many assumed they were Japanese pris- Yasui stood five-feet-two, weighed 120 were held from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. The oners pressed into American uniform. pounds, and loved dice and poker. He academic term was six months. So rapid Akiji Yoshimura, who now runs a volunteered to go with three GIs to bring was the pace that even the more able cleaning plant in Colusa, Calif., recalls in a group of Japanese hiding on an is- students to study every spare min- had he had to "prove" he was an American land during the Irrawaddy River mop- ute to keep up. Lights-out was at 1 1 p.m., by repeating "Lala Palooza" for soldiers up. but it was common practice to continue who had heard Japanese were unable All four stripped and swam to the is- cramming by flashlight under bedcovers. "1." to pronounce the letter land with only their hand weapons. Examinations were held Saturday morn- "In 1943 I shipped out on the troop- Standing stark naked on a sandbar, ings. The rest of the weekends were spent ship Lurline, a converted Matson liner, Yasui announced loudly that he was a in road marches and field maneuvers, headed for Burma via Bombay," Yoshi- Japanese colonel working with the for these men were expected to be sol- mura says. "We were passing under the Americans and ordered all soldiers to diers as well as linguists. Golden Gate Bridge, headed out into the surrender. Pacific, when a GI came up and asked, A Japanese non-com appeared and one was happier than members of 'Say, how're things in your country?' helped Yasui round up 15 fully armed Nothe faculty when performance rec- "Obviously he thought I was a pris- men. Yasui lined them up and was about ords began to come back from distant oner of war who had had a change of to order them to give up their arms when fronts. A report from the 6th Infantry at heart. I replied: 'They look damned good a Japanese officer sprang from a thicket Sansapor, New Guinea, reads in part: from here.' He was astonished that I and threw a grenade. Yasui ducked into "A captured map of the enemy in- didn't have an accent and he didn't know a foxhole out of harm's way. His com- fantry regiment was brought in by the whether to believe me when I explained panions opened fire, and the officer and infantry boys . . . The Nisei language I was a native Californian first on my several of the Japanese enlisted men were team worked feverishly to decode the trip out of the States." killed. vital message contained on the map . . . During the long voyage Yoshimura Yasui took possession of the dead offi- We found the disposition of the troops and other Nisei lectured the troops on cer's sword, put the survivors through its future It and plans. stated on the map Japanese weapons, tactics, customs and close-order drill to establish his author- that the (enemy) regiment would com- training. By the time they disembarked ity, then boarded a makeshift raft and attacking at 2000. Preliminary in- mence at Bombay on the way to Burma, even had the prisoners push him back across formation was sent to all commanders the skeptics had been convinced the the stream, much to the admiration of concerned . . . The corps commanding Nisei were thoroughly American. They general was of the hot news his buddies. Yasui's bravery won him the informed trained for two months at Hsamshing- Silver Star. and he immediately ordered all corps, yang with the 5307 Composite Unit. division and independent artilleries to By the end of the war in August 1945, One day in Burma, Yoshimura re- point their the the the language school was a smooth-run- guns at location of members, he and a Nisei buddy were enemy. 1945 the barrage started with ning organization with 1 ,800 students. At bathing in a stream out of sight of the With victory, the shifted its em- all guns firing simultaneously . . . school The bivouac area when a GI new to the Ma- phasis from military Japanese to general next morning the Recon troops went out rauders approached. into the Japanese civil affairs, for the work of impact area and they found the "You fellows Chinese?" he asked. and

enemy was practically out . . . the newest linguists was just beginning. wiped Without thinking, Yoshimura replied: That ended the campaign." What had "Nope, we're Japanese." Their assignment was to take part in the promised to battle be a hand-to-hand The soldier blanched, and Yoshimura occupation and reconstruction of the de- was solely intelligence ar- won with and hurriedly assured him the proper term feated country. The last 2,300 who were tillery. was Japanese Americans. Yoshimura trained graduated so late that all their There was one plea common to all fought through five major campaigns duty was in Japan until the Korean War. these communications: "Send us more with the Marauders, then was sent to In Japan, the Nisei were put to work Nisei linguists." the Sino Translation and Interrogation interpreting for military government By the fall of 1944, the school had Center in Kunming, China, where he was teams, locating and repatriating impris- turned out 1,600 enlisted graduates, 142 commissioned. oned Americans, translating seized mil- officer candidates and 53 officers. Re- One of the questions most often asked itary documents, in counter-intelligence, flecting the stepped-up tempo of the war the Nisei was, "What do you think the rounding up war criminal suspects and in the Pacific, the Army ordered the Japanese will do to you if they capture interpreting at their trials. They were school's efforts redoubled. you." as valuable in the clean-up after victory The school was moved to even more They had a standard reply: "Don't as they had been in combat. The very spacious quarters in Fort Snelling, near know. But they'll have to run like hell presence of Nisei in the occupation army Minneapolis. Almost without exception to catch us." contributed much to the rapid democra-

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J LY 1964 "

tization of Japan. They helped to smash and interpreted at war crime trials. On black market operations, evaluate Air his most recent overseas tour he was de- Now! Life Insurance Force bomb damage, train Japanese mil- tached to Thailand to train troops under itary police, and supervise repatriation combat conditions. Birth to Age 80 of Japanese prisoners. As historians get around to evaluating First The school was finally deactivated in the contribution Nisei linguists made to 30 Days June 1946, after graduating some 6,000 the war effort, it is likely that a good men. Today, a skeleton operation is still many eloquent tributes will be voiced. ONLY 25* maintained at The Presidio in Monterey, But none will be so meaningful as the 1000 Per Policy Calif. that unremembered editor words some CASH FOR YOUR FINAL EXPENSES. Many of the Nisei decided to make wrote for the Military Intelligence Serv- AVOID BEING A BURDEN TO YOUR FAMILY the army their career and spent addi- ice Language School album: "Informa- Introductory Offer. Answer these 9 questions on a plain piece of paper and tional tours of duty in Japan. When war tion and knowledge of the enemy ob- mail with only 25c for 30 days' protec- in Korea in they were tained by these cannot be measured broke out 1950, men tion. Regular rate shown on policy. among the first American troops sent to in words, but by the weight of victory Amount* imuully limited without doctor examination. LOW RATES. the front. The United States was as short itself." NEW Ages Amount Ages Amount of Korean linguists at that time as it had In 1962, Colonel Rasmus- September 0 to 80 $1000 15 to 60 $2500 specialists a decade ear- been of Japanese sen addressed a reunion of the Hawaiian 1. Print full name and address. 2. Date of birth? lier. However, since virtually all adult Veterans of the Military Intelligence 3. Height? 3a. Weight? Koreans are familiar with the Japanese Service, at the Hilton Hawaiian Village 4. Occupation, kind of work? 4a Name and address of employer language, the Nisei once again served in Honolulu. Speaking with a voice that 5. Race? (For identification). relationship to their nation's needs. Nisei were rushed 6. Beneficiary and you? had the familiarity and urgency of an 7. To your knowledge have you had heart, disease? to places like Taejon, Chonju and Taegu, air-raid warning, he urged that the United lung, diabetes, cancer, or chronic Are you deformed, lost a hand, foot, eye, with the 1st Cavalry, the 25th Division, States establish a National Academy of or ever rejected for insurance? the 27th Infantry. 8. State condition of health. 5th Army RCT, and Languages at once as a security measure. 9. Amount desired, and sign your name. Many of our Nisei of the Pacific War Before the men he trained in WW2, he NO AGENT WILL CALL mailed direct have long been civilians again, but others declared: must establish the study Actual policy will be you "We from Home Office. You be the jud»?e. are still serving, not only as linguists but of languages as a total career, military Mail to: S. B. Hunt, Chairman AMERICAN LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO. in the broader field of Military Intelli- I realize as well as civilian. When that 344 American Life Etldg., St. Louis 8. Mo. gence. people behind the Iron Curtain speak 55 For example, there's Maj. Ken Sawada languages and more than 200 dialects, is now stationed at Fort Jobs Look for YOU of Denver who it makes me fearful of our responsibili- Bragg who spent two tours of duty and ties in this area. Linguists do not appear in ELECTRONICS in Okinawa. Major Sawada served in automatically. You cannot create lan- Australia, New Guinea and the Philip- guage experts overnight." the end Literally thousands of BIG PAY JOBS or a BUSINESS OF YOUR pines in WW2, was among the first to OWN await you in Electronics. MTI's exclusive SELECT-A- land in Japan after the surrender, was Author Bill Hosokawa edits The Den- SKILL method trains you FAST at home or resident classes in assigned to counter-intelligence work ver Post's Sunday Magazine section. Jacksonville for lifetime security in COMMUNICATIONS or IN- DUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, or SKILLS PAY BILLS RADIO & TV SERVICING. LetMTlEiveyou Hundreds of students earn enough the skills to in- while making 7 MASTER ELEC- earn- sure your for entire ing power from TRONIC KITS to pay GOODBYE TO THE REDWOODS? now on. course. Find out how. (Continued from page 19) SEND TODAY for 32-page FREE BOOK and SELECT-A-SK1LL Opportunity Finder. No obliga- tion. Address Massey Technical Institute. Div. 57-BL-02, 23 West York. N. Y. 10036 transportation is another. Last Decem- dooms Redwoods by altering their en- 47 Street. New ber we drove along the recently built vironment. Nobody debates the need for four-lane freeway that cuts through the improved roads, nor the need for bring- DRAINS cellars, cisterns, wash tubs; IRRIGATES - CIRCULATES - SPRAYS Redwoods on the shores of the South ing one end to meet the other. Everyone, Type P Pump has 1,001 uses. Stainless ehaft. Won't rust or clog! Use 1/6 HP Fork of the rushing, once crystal, Eel including the highway officials, disclaims motor or larger . . . 3/4 HPfor up to 2.400 GPH; 450 GPH 80' high: or 1,800 GPH River. The river was running thick with the route that is nevertheless reaching from 25' well. 1" inlet; 3 4 " outlet. Coupling included free $8.95 Heavy Duty Ball- Bearing Pump. Up to yellow mud. The experts say that the down the middle. The highway depart- GPH: H4" inlet; 1" outlet. $12 95

. Money Back highway itself may doom the Avenue of ment wants to go down the wild coast nte Als nine Giants where stand most of the dedicated which would destroy some but not all LABAWCO PUMPS, 56, N). memorial groves. It blocks the course of of the trees. This violates the idea of water, changes the millennium-old drain- preserving a whole Redwood environ- Shrinks Hemorrhoids age pattern, alters the environment and ment—from the ocean spray to the back- opens the trees to the effects of a wind drop mountains. At a higher price and New Way Without Surgery tunnel. The Redwoods need exactly their with enough public support, the road old environment. That is why they are could harmlessly skirt the park area to Stops Itch -Relieves Pain limited to a coastal belt. narrow the East. For the first time science has found a North of the speedway lies the Prairie Man cannot grow Redwoods. Only new healing substance with the astonishing ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve State Park Creek through which mean- 2,000 years can do that. pain — without surgery. ders an old style highway where one It is not a case where devils contest In case after case, while gently relieving pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. travels under the great rosy-barked trees, with angels, but one in which our society Most amazing of all — results were so rather than on a wide slash through —with California as its trustee—has thorough that sufferers made astonishing statements like "Piles have ceased to be a them. It furnishes one of the most de- little time left to make a big decision. problem! lightful scenic rides in the West. But Unless we quickly make a commitment The secret is a new healing substance (Bio-Dyne®) pointing ominously in the direction of to preservation which can hold its own — discovery of a world-famous research institute. the center of this ancient grove is con- against the forces that are death to the This substance is now available in sup- necting road construction from the north Redwoods, the Redwoods may be gone pository or ointment form under the name Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug —the kind of modern highway that in less than 1 1 years. the end counters. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 47 > BOOKS i

Eatherly, his part in the Hiroshima bomb- The Changing World, by Jenken Lloyd Italy and II Duce ing mission, and the controversy his state- Jones, fleet publishing corp., $4.50. ments and actions since then have caused. Short articles on a wide variety of sub- MUSSOLINI, A STUDY IN POWER, jects by a Tulsa, Okla., newspaper editor. by Ivone Kirkpatrick. Hawthorn Books, From Purge to Coexistence, by David J. Inc., $10. Dallin. henry regnery co., $6.95. Tomorrow's World of Science, by Gard- author, a Mehshevik who spent most Benito Mussolini is often shrugged off as The ner Soule. coward-mccann, inc., $2.95. life exiled from Russia, presents of is for a mere jackal of Adolf Hitler's. But to ignore of his adult An illustrated study what ahead Mussolini means ignoring a large chunk of in these essays a picture of Russia under the us through the efforts of science in the areas pre- 1945 European history. From the success- Soviets, and the Soviet place in the world of housing, transportation, farming, inner ful march on Rome in 1922 until his ignoble orbit. and outer space, medicine and employment. cud. April 28. 1945, Mussolini was Italy's political voice and power. A Treasury of Great American Quota- American War Medals and Decorations, How he came to hold that position and tions, selected by Charles Hurd. haw- by Evans E. Kerrigan, the viking press, to maintain it are the subjects of this biog- thorn books, inc., §5.95. $6.50. A compilation of the famous sayings of A compilation of the medals, decorations, Americans from 1645 to 1963. badges and awards presented to those who have served the United States throughout Beyond Arabian Sands, by Grant C. But- her history. ler. DEVIN-ADAIR CO., $4.95. The historical past and political present Thinking With a Pencil, by Henning of the Arab world are joined in this study Nelms. barnes & noble, paperback, $1.95. of North Africa and the Middle East today. An instruction book for those who want to learn to draw or who want to add to already have. The Trial of St. Thomas More, by E. E. the drawing knowledge they Reynolds, p. j. kenedy & sons, $4.50. A scholarly study of the events surround- Legion of Strangers, by Charles Mercer. ing the monarchy's case against Thomas holt, rinehart and WINSTON, $5.95. More that will appeal particularly to lawyers A history of the French Foreign Legion, and More enthusiasts. and the training and tradition that have

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48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 THE ORDEAL OF LEONARD WOOD (Continued from page 14) of 80 or 90 at a time. By eliminating goal of creating a truly representative one under him. Up at 6 a.m. every day. sources of water pollution and using dis- government on the island. he often worked until midnight at the infectants in massive quantities. Wood Among the Cubans who resisted the manifold tasks he heaped on himself. He cut down the incidence of typhoid and American occupation was General directed the building of roads and tele- dysentery. When yellow fever arrived on Garcia, commander of patriot forces in graph lines; improved sanitary condi- schedule, as it had for centuries, he could Santiago Province. He was the Garcia of tions; opened new schools; put lawyers do little to stop it. Its cause was not yet Elbert Hubbard's widely read tract to work recodifying old laws; gave known. But he set up a hospital on an glorifying self-reliance, "A Message to Cubans of the province an equivalent of island in the harbor for its treatment and Garcia." Garcfa kept his irregulars under the American Bill of Rights and treated study. arms when the war was over, and he them constantly to what he later called Hunger, dirt and disease were only insisted that a Cuban should be ap- "liberal doses of the United States Con- three of the problems Wood had to cope pointed civilian governor of Santiago stitution." Ignoring frequent attacks of with during his early days in Santiago. Province. General Shafter, in a moment fever, he traveled from town to town by Among a people who had never been of weakness, named one. His nominee boat, mule, or in the cab of a locomotive permitted to govern themselves, Wood was an able man, it is said. But with no to inspect local conditions. had almost no capable city government stable government back of him, some- "He came without banners or fan- to help him, while he was besieged with thing close to panic ensued. His followers fare," according to Hagedorn, "dressed appeals, complaints and obstructions went on a rampage of revenge and loot- in a brown khaki suit, buckskin leggings individuals from whose motives ranged ing. Spaniards fled the province, as did and a big cavalry hat; but he treated the from need, fear, and distrust to ambition many leading Creoles, and merchants local leaders—black or white (most of and avarice. Working 1 8 hours a day, in other countries stopped shipments of them somewhat of each) —with the cour- Wood devoted as much of his immense goods to Santiago. teous formality which he knew they energy to implementing fundamental President McKinley made matters cherished, as co-workers whom he liked tenets of self-government as he did to worse by proclaiming, as an expedient, and trusted, and was meticulously care- improving living conditions. that wherever possible civil officials who ful not to arouse their prejudices or The Cubans had been accustomed to had held office under the old Spanish wound their vanity." corruption in government for so long that regime would be kept in power until a Wood could be tough, however, when they thought the only reason anyone new constitution could be framed and occasion required it. One night when went into public service was to enrich put into effect. Infuriated Cubans asked word was brought to him that the old himself. Realizing that they must learn if the Yankees had come merely to put Cuban hatred of Spaniards had flared faith, and reason for faith, in the in- their old oppressors back in power. It into a riot outside a Spanish club, he tegrity of their officials before they could was Wood's job to placate them. To com- made his way, accompanied by just one possibly rule themselves, Wood struggled plicate things further, malaria swept the sentry, to the club door which the mob to place upright Cubans in public posts American regiments on which United was trying to force. He had the sentry wherever possible. He gave the responsi- States authority rested, making them less clear the rioters from the door by swing- bility of selecting them to a committee than effective. New regiments of ing his rifle. "Now shoot the first man comprised of 50 of Santiago's most 50% volunteers, sent from the States to re- who puts his foot on that step," he said prominent citizens. 'This is your man," place half-trained to the soldier. He spoke quite casually he would say to the committee when a them, proved and undisciplined. but the mob knew he meant what he name was presented to him. "If he suc- said, and that was the end of the riot. ceeds, you, as Cubans, will benefit, but if Shafter was finally withdrawn from On another occasion Garcia, in a sullen he fails, you will lose." Santiago Province and Maj. Gen. Henry mood, hinted that he might swoop down Some responsible citizens became in- W. Lawton, a brave officer under whom on the weakened American garrison with terested in municipal affairs for the first Wood had served in the West, was given his still mobilized guerrillas. called time. In some quarters confidence was his post. With Wood occupying an office Wood his bluff and told him if he meant to start now felt in the altruistic intentions of the next to his and tactfully assisting him in Americans. many decisions, Lawton was more effec- a fight the sooner the better. Then he tive than Shafter had been, but according judiciously turned personally to retrain- ing his own new and unruly troops. Ap- not all Cubans approved of the to Hermann Hagedorn's excellent biog- But pealing to their pride rather than American occupation, and the usual raphy of Wood, "this man [Lawton] who imposing harsh punishment, he gradually radical element screamed its head off. was afraid of nothing else under the converted them into good soldiers. Most Cubans realized that they could canopy of heaven was afraid of money." not have defeated Spain without United Accustomed to life at small Army States help, but they wanted their long posts, Lawton could not bring himself The pace which Wood set was too dreamed of independence right away. to spend the many thousands required much for his aides. One after an- They found one bone of contention when for the adequate administration of a other, four of them came down with ill- no Cubans were invited to participate in province. He and Wood had a number ness and had to be sent home. The strain the Spanish surrender in negotiations of sharp set-tos about financial matters. told on Wood too. He lost weight, his leading to the Treaty of Paris. Under But like so many other good fighting men skin turned a sickly yellow from malaria, that treaty Spain turned Cuba over to the in Cuba that year, Lawton was put out his blue eyes lost much of their luster. United States to be held in trust for the of action by fever and Wood was now For the first time, gray hair appeared at island's inhabitants. moved up from running the city to suc- his temples and in his bristly mustache. The United States could not have done ceed him. Within a few months, friends said, he otherwise. There was no Cuban govern- As governor of Santiago Province, an aged ten years. ment to be represented, and for the area embracing the whole eastern end of But his fame as an administrator United States arbitrarily to have named Cuba, Wood had virtually autocratic spread. He was made a major general of Cuban leaders as representatives of the powers over half the island, but he con- volunteers only five months after becom- whole country would have violated the tinued to drive himself harder than any- (Continued on page 50)

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 49 THE ORDEAL OF LEONARD WOOD ship was the conquest of yellow fever. the early successes he had enjoyed in this (Continued from page 49) In 1881. a Cuban. Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, field were enduring ones, he found "the developed the theory that mosquitoes great mass of public opinion perfectly brigadier ing a —which brought him new carry yellow fever. In 1900, a campaign inert." After he used all kinds of strata- problems. [Much later he was a Regular was begun to wipe out yellow fever. By gems to get responsible people interested major general and chief staff of Army of 1902 four U.S. Army doctors—Walter in such vital matters as taxation and the His rise not please U.S. Army.] did Reed, James Carroll, Jesse W. Lazear electoral law, they all too often settled some of the Regular Army officers, who and Aristides Agramonte—had proved back into an old rut of indifference. still called him "Dr. Wood" behind his Dr. Finlay's theory heroically. It was That Cuba was far from ready for self- back instead of giving him his proper Wood who urged upon the surgeon- rule was made clear by the first munici- title. they also called Now him "McKin- general the appointment of the commis- pal elections held during the occupation. ley's Pet." Among them were members sion which made their researches The cultivated minority of Cubans re- of the staff Maj. of Gen. John R. Brooke, possible. When their findings were mained largely aloof from projecting Wood's superior officer in distant Ha- reached. Wood waged the war on mos- worthy candidates. The only elements vana, who was sent to after the Cuba that took a lively interest in the elections signing of the peace treaty the first as were "the radicals and rascals," who were military governor of all Cuba. thus victorious at the polls. After taking Brooke was a man with a spotless office, they either robbed the voters or record. A rigid military conformist, he disappointed them by being utterly un- had fought as a brigadier in the Civil able to fulfill impossible pre-election War when Wood was barely out of dia- promises. pers. General Brooke and his aides set Yet demands for independence right out to clip the wings of the upstart in now mounted both in Cuba and the Santiago. They put into effect an old United States. As a result of these pres- Spanish law under which all revenues of sures. Wood called for another election the port of Santiago were sent to the to choose delegates to a convention to treasury in Havana and dispensed from frame a constitution for Cuba to live by there as the governor fit. saw after it became a republic. Traveling up and down the island, he pleaded with one stroke this jeopardized all the Cubans to send their best men to the Atpublic improvements had un- . Wood convention, "men renowned for honor der way—work on roads, waterworks, and capacity." harbor dredging and other projects. It While appealing to Cuban honor and threatened thousands of Cubans with high-mindedness. Wood was plagued by unemployment. The Santiago Cubans some of his own countrymen who did not were outraged and Wood cabled Secre- display these qualities. He had to deal tary Alger for permission to take his with American thieves and graft-seeking case to Washington. Alger granted it American contractors. Deal with them despite furious protests from Brooke. he did, though some had powerful con- In Washington, where Wood was hon- in "Okay, smarty pants!" nections Congress. ored by the McKinleys at a White House Worse trials and tribulations lay ahead reception and impressed the Senate for Wood. His appeals brought some Committee on Military Affairs with his THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE good men to the constitutional conven- "common sense." a compromise was tion, but others chosen were "the worst worked out under which Santiago con- quitoes that wiped out the age-old agitators in Cuba," he wrote. Then, while

tinued to receive the funds it needed for plague. the convention was in session during the public improvements. But after Wood's Working as hard as ever and using spring of 1901, the American Congress return to the city, he wrote later, Brooke three shifts of secretaries. Wood passed a measure which stirred up enor- again tried "to hinder, hamper and dis- launched reforms in courts, prisons, hos- mous tumult and shouting not only in credit" his work. pitals and orphan asylums throughout the convention but throughout Cuba. Meanwhile, Brooke did not prove a Cuba. He made school-teaching a fash- This was the Piatt Amendment, which competent administrator himself. Under ionable profession by persuading Cubans stipulated that before being granted in- his governorship, the irregular armed of the best families to enter it. Finding dependence Cuba must agree not to forces in Cuba were paid off by the that the ancient University of Havana incur debts beyond her capacity to pay; United States and disbanded—a step had 96 professors but only 300 students, must continue her sanitary administra- essential to the formation of a constitu- he instituted changes there that opened tion; must agree to lease a naval base to tional government—but the police and the university's doors to a wider enroll- the United States but give no other for- courts remained corrupt; many of the ment and he established a school of eign power control over any part of the Cubans he placed in public office were medicine. island; and must grant the United States unscrupulous opportunists and Cuban- Meanwhile, he encouraged Sir William the right to intervene in her affairs if

American tensions increased. Finally Van Home, president of the Canadian events warranted it.

McKinley did something about it. He Pacific Railroad, to make surveys which appointed a new Secretary of War, Elihu were to lead eventually to the building The Platt Amendment, though Root, a brilliant lawyer. One of Root's of a railway between Havana and Santi- based on a prophetic view of the fu- first acts was to recall Brooke to the ago—a line essential to the development ture, inflamed Cuban radicals to the boil- United States and appoint Wood in his of Cuba's forest and mineral resources. ing point. "It is the same as delivering up place, on December 20, 1899, as the Wood labored hardest, however, and the key of our house so that you can en-

military governor of the whole island. suffered his most disheartening setbacks ter it at all hours, day or night," one of The most celebrated of the advances in trying to prepare Cubans psychologi- them wrote. On Good Friday, a radical made in Cuba during Wood's governor- cally for self-government. While some of newspaper in Havana printed a cartoon

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J LY 1964 — . !

showing Cuba crucified between two letters to Wood, even Secretary of War OUTFIT STARTS YOU IN thieves, Wood and McKinley. There was Root, one of Wood's staunchest sup- big money SHOE BUSINESS! talk of a new insurrection to be led by porters, implied that it might be well to your own profitable shoe store" lusiness from home! Represent a Negro radical speed things up. Root told him that the Juan Gualberto Gomez, fast growing million dollar firm in leader of Santiago. Administration was harassed constantly spare or full time. We give you — FREE-complete Starting Outfit AH of Wood's tact and diplomacy with the cry of "Get out of Cuba. You've that makes you $217.00 EXTRA each month for just 2 easy or- were required to calm down the storm made a promise you've no intention of ders a day. You feature 195 fast-selling dress, sport, work shoe styles for men and raised by the radicals, but he managed it. keeping. You are going to make one women. Air-cushion shoes, many other special features! The Piatt Amendment was accepted by excuse after another to stay in Cuba. Get Sizes 2'/2-15— widthsAAAAto EEEE. Draw on 200.000 pair stock. Also horsehide jackets. Start now selling to friends, the Cuban convention, thanks to the sup- out, get out, get out!" folks where you work. Rush postcard for FREE Outfit Dept. CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS. port of intelligent and responsible There was nothing Wood could do to MASON SHOE, F-411, Cubans, including Maximo Gomez, one stop the snowballing drive for independ- of Cuba's greatest heroes. ence. All he could do was to contribute EARN be a CONSULTANT as as possible to the chances of TAX Gomez, a wise old leader of the great much Our students earn lucrative fees in 3 revolution of 1868, insisted on continu- independence succeeding. This he con- MORE month busy tax season preparing income tax returns in spare time—and operate ance of the occupation for some time. If tinued to do until his last day in office. profitable Business Tax Service yielding steady monthly fees of $10-$50 per client, year round. American troops were withdrawn at After an attack of typhoid which he Enjoy professional standing in dignified full or part time home-office business. No experience necessary. once, he told Wood, fighting and blood- barely survived, his final struggle for We train you at home and help you start. Write today for free literature. No agent will call. Licensed shed would be brought on within 60 days Cuba's welfare was with a strong Wash- by N. Y. Education Dept. National Tax Training School, Monsey 0-17, N. Y. by power-hungry factions. But Cuba ington lobby representing beet sugar continued to march relentlessly toward interests. It opposed removal of duties hasty independence. To the demands of that had been put on Cuban sugar while Cuban radicals were added the cries of the island still belonged to Spain. On this MARTINS FLAGS the opposition press in the United States issue, Wood was strongly supported by DISPLAYS FOR to "get out of Cuba." Agitators, mal- Root and by Teddy Roosevelt, who had I ORGANIZATIONS- TOWNS-SCHOOLS FAIRS contents, out-of-office politicians, and to the after succeeded Presidency Mc- Prompt shipment. Ask for our those who always need a public plat- Kinley's death from an assassin's bullet colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No 64-A MARTIN'S FLAG CO.. FORT DODGE. IOWA form, blew it into a major U.S. political on September 14, 1901 . Sugar trade with issue. the United States was a matter of eco- Leader of the clamor in the press was nomic life or death to Cubans. Eventu- * LEARN The New York Evening Post, a strong ally, Congress granted the tariff MEAT CUTTIN Administra- reciprocity for survival, but I opponent of the McKinley Cuba needed quickly In 8 short weeks at bright future with security tion. It issued clarion calls week after right up to the day he surrendered his vital meat business. Big pay. full-time Jobs—HAVE A PROFITABLE week demanding that the United States powers Wood could not be sure how the MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after I^\ graduation. Diploma given. Job help. Thousands of successful graduates. Our immediately live up to the "sacred trust" battle between Roosevelt's Administra- ' 4 1st year! Send now for big. new Llstiated FREE catalog. No obligation. C I. Approved. imposed upon it by the Teller Amend- tion and the lobby would turn out. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. A-50. Toledo 4, Ohio ment. had other reasons for looking "Cuban independence is imperative Wood CABINSITE solemn on that May day in 1902 for two reasons," it said in one of these COLORADO blasts. "First, because of America's when Havana was so jubilant. Cuba's Pikes Peak, only $495. Full half acre. $15

I down. $15 monthly. Roads, surveyed, ready new president to he had trans- pledge; second, because Cubans will ac- whom now for your own mountain cabin. Ideal vaca- that ferred the reins of government, Tomas tion retreat. Famous fishing, hunting, sports area. cept no substitute for pledge. ... In J TWO-YEAR MONEY BACK INSPECTION Estrada Palma. was unquestionably a the eyes of the world we are another GUARANTEE! FREE color brochure. Write Quixote, rescuer of the oppressed, who dedicated patriot and an honest man. But FLORIDA-COLORADO ACRES, Dept. J12, 126 S.E. 2nd St.. Miami, Florida. ad64lsi30(f-:bi have installed ourselves in the place of Palma had caused Wood a shudder of ap- the oppressor we so virtuously expelled." prehension a few days before when he In another editorial labeled "Our asked Wood to withdraw a military law MAKE $6.00 AN HOUR SHARPENING guaranteeing the protection of judicial Men everywhere are mak- Mahana Policy," The Post declared: "We ing money sharpening officers. Wood pointed out that a similar knives, saws, scissors, used to have great fun, tempered with pinking shears ami tools law was embodied in the new Cuban con- at homo in spare or full high moral indignation, over Spanish time. Start as low as stitution, whereupon Palma had replied, $:j'i. !.r>. Worldwide users. dilly-dally and delay. So we loftily took Manual furnished. Write to Wood's astonishment, that he intended .VOW for Free Booklet. over Spain's unsolved problems in 1898. TREYCO We would show the world how to cut to suspend it. Could Cuba really be ready Tona 12. N Gordion knots at one stroke. But three for self-government if its first president years of confident tomorrows have since anticipated revising the constitution to passed, and we have settled down with- suit his pleasure? out a blush to the use of Spain's old word, Thus it was, as the cruiser Brooklyn half promise and half excuse, manana. carried him homeward, that Wood re- The laziest and most shiftless Don who corded in his diary serious misgivings GIVE ever lived could not use the word more about Cuba's future. readily or with less shame than we do. The tragic anti-climax followed AT THE

. . . The whole thing seems a policy of swiftly. sheer dishonor." All this impatience was Cuba enjoyed great material prosper- sign \,k>; based on Wood's inability to correct four ity, due largely to its being granted the w> centuries of misrule in three years. tariff reciprocity for which Wood had OF THE Now that evacuation was a political fought. But in four years, the Cuban Con- issue at home, Wood was pressed by his gress passed none of the laws required RINGING BELL friends as well as his enemies to hurry, by the constitution for its enforcement hurry, hurry his one-man ordeal of cre- laws providing for municipal autonomy, ating a nation out of chaos. In one of his (Continued on page 52) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 51 THE ORDEAL OF LEONARD WOOD Miguel Gomez, the first of the larcenous reflect that the same might be said of (Continued from page 51) demagogues to rule Cuba. Elected as a Cuba but for the error made in 1902. "Liberal," he reverted to the evils of the But the error was made, under the independence of the courts, congres- Spanish rule when in power. From then pressure of amateur and political agi- sional representation of minority parties. on the island's politics fell into a sad and tators, and all that the United States or The failure was fundamental and familiar pattern. Revolution followed Cuba has to show today for the magnifi- fateful. It was plain that the politicians revolution and dictator followed dic- cent ordeal of Leonard Wood is Castro. did not want a government of law, and tator, through Gerardo Machado and THE END probable that the members of the con- Fulgencio Batista to Fidel Castro. gress, thinking of themselves as possible Under the Piatt Amendment the CUBA CHRONOLOGY: presidents some day, wanted no reins on SPANISH AMERICAN WAR TO 1959 United States intervened or mediated their future powers. Without these legal 1. War on Spain declared by U.S.. April again and again to stop bloodshed and 20, 1898. safeguards or the statesmanship to want chaos, until another Roosevelt repealed 2. Cervera Fleet destroyed. July 3, 1898. 3. Santiago surrendered, July 5, 1898. them; with every politician thinking of the Amendment in 1934. The year be- 4. U.S. military occupation on war footing. 5. Treaty of Paris signed. Dec. 10, 1898. power for himself and viewing oppo- fore. Machado, who had had the consti- 6. U.S. military rule under treaty, Jan. 1, nents as personal if not national enemies; tution revised in 1928, fled in the face of 1899-May 20. 1902. 7. Constitutional convention, Havana, Nov. with political corruption unchecked by a general strike against his repressions 5. 1900-Feb 21. 1901. 8. Constitution adopted, June 12, 1901. workable law; with the courts powerless There followed a sequence of figure- 9. Pres. Estrada Palma and Cuban Con- to defy political whims; with the city head rulers controlled alternately by the gress take over, U.S. occupation ends. May 20, 1902. governments at the the party mercy of army under Batista and political com- 10. "Liberal" manifesto of revolution, July in power nationally—the new republic bines sometimes elected and sometimes 28, 1906. — 11. U.S. mediation fails. Estrada Palma blew sky high. The principles of democ- not. Batista himself was elected president resigns, Congress goes home leaving no government, Sept. 1906. racy proved to be only slogans for seek- 28, in 1940, left the country quietly when 12. U.S. proclaims provisional government, Sept. 29. 1906. ing power among those out of power. Grau San Martin succeeded him in 1944. 13. U.S. leaves 2nd republic under "Lib- Frauds marked the preliminaries to To a background of growing agitation eral" Pres. Gen. Jose Miguel Gomez, Jan 28. 1909. the elections of 1905 and 1906. Liberals Carlos Prio Socarras instituted leftist 14. Race war in Cuba. 1912. 15. Gomez, as "Liberal," ends term hav- and radicals kept away from the polls, foreign policies on being elected in 1948. ing reiristituted evils of Spanish rule. ignored the courts, took the law unto Batista returned in 1952 and overthrew Conservative Gen. Mario G. Menocal takes office, 1913. themselves and proclaimed a manifesto Prio Socarras in a bloodless revolution, 16. Menocal employs violence to win re- of revolution. The island went up in ruled as dictator until 1955 when he took election. 1916. 17. Civil war, Gomez vs Menocal, Feb., revolt again. President Palma appealed office again as an elected president. He 1917. 18. Menocal starts 2nd term, after winning for American intervention under the increased repressive measures in the face civil war, 1917. Piatt Amendment, and the United States of mounting agitation against him. Fidel 19. U.S. General Enoch Crowder invited to draw up Cuban election law, 1919. sent commissioners to Havana to serve Castro seized the leadership of the oppo- 20. Alfredo Zayas. "Liberal." named Pres. in election that flouted Election as mediators. "Crowder sition. In 1959 Batista left the country to law." 1920. 21. Post-war sugar depression, 1920-21. All their efforts failed. President the Castro revolution when it was plain 22. Zayas takes office. May 20, 1921. Palma resigned, and, on September 28, that he could not count on United States 23. U.S. loans $50 million, depression eases, Jan. 1923. 1906, the congress dispersed with- support against Castro. the Piatt Cuban With 24. Gerardo Machado elected 1924, takes out naming a successor to him. To pre- Amendment dead since 1934 undei the office, May 20, 1925. Revises constitution. 25. Machado re-elected. 1928. Term now vent anarchy, the United States reoc- U.S. "Good Neighbor" policy, and dead 6 yrs., took office May 20, 1929. 26. Opposition to Machado in depression, the island. with it its requirement that other cupied A provisional govern- no he answered with repression. Depression ment was established on September 29, foreign power should participate in deepened Violence against Machado. U.S. intervention, mediation, amnesties de- 1906, to restore law and order, and the Cuban affairs, Castro invited Russian clared, nominal reforms undertaken. De- pression worse. infant republic which Wood had brought participation in the island's affairs. 27. General strike sends Machado into exile. 1933. into the world after so much struggle and Could Cuba have made it on its own Aug. 28. Political combine "names" Carlos agony died without attaining even a as a free republic if the American occu- Manuel de Cespedes President, sets aside 1928 constitution. 1933. healthy childhood. pation had lasted longer under Wood's 29. Army revolt sets up military junta wise direction? under Ramon Grau San Martin. After four months of blood and strife Grau San Leonard Wood ached for a chance to As with other "ifs" of history, no one Martin quits. All parties confer Presidency on Col. Carlos Mendieta, who is recog- return to Havana and set things can be sure, but the example of the Phil- nized by U.S.. 1933. chief of staff, Ful- aright now that the hasty withdrawal in ippine Islands gives us good reason to 30. Mendieta and his gencio Batista rule dictatorially, postpone 1902 had proved to be folly. But that was think so. As in the case of Cuba, the elections until Dec. 1935. 31. Batista, as army head, rules Cuba not to be. He was on the other side of the same tireless Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood through succession of presidents world, serving as military administrator set the Philippines on the road to consti- Jose Barnet, Dec. 1935-Mav 1936 Miguel Gomez, May 1936-Dec. 1936 of the Philippines, and Roosevelt felt he tutional government. There the mistake Federico Laredo, Dec. 19S3-Oct. 1940. 32. runs for president himself could not of cutting the infant nation Batista not be spared from that important was made against Grau San Martin, wins, 1940, post. loose too soon. serves Oct. 10. 1940-Oct. 10, 1944. 33. Grau San Martin elected. Batista goes A less gifted man, Charles E. Magoon It was not until 1946 that the Filipinos abroad. 1944. 34. Carlos Prio Socarras, Sec. Interior of Minnesota, was sent to Cuba. He were granted complete independence under Grau San Martin, elected President, failed as spectacularly as Wood had suc- from the United States. By that time two 1948. 35. Prio Socarras leans left. Great agita- ceeded. Magoon's was a caretaker ad- generations of that former Spanish col- tion in Cuba, getting worse. 36. Batista returns, has bloodless revolu- ministration, marked by little more than ony had grown up in the ways of de- tion. Prio Socarras flees. March 1952. an attempt to define the powers of gov- mocracy under civil laws and a system of 37. Batista restores order by force, has general amnesty, calls for general elec- ernment more exactly. Despite a spate checks and balances, rather than com- tions for spring of 1954. Uprising in east Cuba delays elections to Nov. 1, when of laws passed during his administration, plete power vested in the executive. Batista wins over Grau San Martin and takes office as elected president, Feb. 24, he accomplished nothing of any conse- For 1 8 years the Republic of the Phil- 1955. quence toward putting Cuba back on the ippines has gotten along very well, in far 38. Opposition to Batista grows. Castro assumes its leadership. Batista adopts path from which she had strayed. more trying times than those of 1902. repressive measures. 39. Batista flees and Castro takes over, In 1909 a republic was set up for the Today it is a stronghold of freedom in 1959. second time under the presidency of Jose its corner of the world. It is sobering to

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Ornipatinn I J Age beautifully printed in black on crisp white gummed 2" paper. Rich gold trim. Up to 4 lines. lonjI. Set of 500 labels in plastic box, 50c. Ppd. Fast service, Money-back guarantee. If you don't know the cor- SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? rect Zip code number, just add 10c per set and we NORTHEL Reactivator will look it up for any address. Same fast service. works to keep septic tank Send for free catalog and cesspool clean. A 5507 3 Drake B,d »- "WalterVVtUlCI UltUVCDr«W#» Colorado Springs, Colo. bacteria concentrate breaks up solids and grease—works to pre- vent overflow, back-up, odors. Regular use can TAPE RECORDER <1 save costly pumping or ; 8MM FREE '4.40 MOVIE CAMERA W digging. Simply mix dry powder in water, flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- VITAMINS BUY BELOW WHOLESALE. Hundreds daz- caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- zling overseas bargains open exciting big WITH A MIGHTY profit home business. Free book shows be- faction. Six months' supply or full $2.95, BLOOD-GROWING ginners how to start full or spare time year's supply, $5.50, postpaid. without experience or product investment. NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS. AL-7 STIMULANT! Write for "How to Import and Export." MELLINGER CO., Dept. M307F. 1554 S. 'P.O. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440 Get a 25-day $1.25 supply at no charge . . . Sepulveda, Los Angeles 25, Calif. a high-potency vitamin-mineral formula fortified with A NEWER FORM OF IRON. Send 10c to cover shipping to VITAMIN- QUOTA, Dept. A-250, 880 Broadway, New York 3, N. Y., or Dept. A-250, 1125 South Crenshaw Blvd., Los Angeles 19, Calif. Corns,Callouses, Warts Disappear STOP EYEGLASSES

from r/APAWC Or Money Back A SPECIAL OFFER of 2 hand-made Algerian Briar Pipes ($5. value ea.), 5 assorted pkgs. No need to push-up ever-sliding glasses! EAR- long you have suffered from No matter how of Steve's tobacco blends, 3 pkgs. of dun- LOKS keep glasses snug-fitting. Soft, elastic tabs corns, callouses or warts—the first application of hill pipe cleaners, 1 pouch, & 1 London stretch over ends of ear pieces. Fit all plastic Alro Salve will banish pain and swelling and soon pipe tool. Only $10. money back frames (men, women, children). Do not confuse growths 100% cause these hard to remove to disappear, guarantee. Specify pipe shape when order- with ineffective, adhesive pads that claim to or your money will be refunded without question. ing. STEVE'S PIPE & TOBACCO CO., 1813 eliminate slipping. Only genuine, patented EAR- not confuse Alro Salve with any other remedy. Do So. Catalina Ave., Redondo Beach, Calif. LOKS are guaranteed to stop glasses from slid- This formula is different from anything on the ing. Invisible. Comfortable. 59« a pair, 2 pairs market, is easy to apply. Do not suffer another $1.00, by return mail postpaid. No C.O.D. please. day but try Alro Salve without risking a cent. DORSAY PRODUCTS, Dept. A-7, Send $1.00 -f 30£ hdl. chg. to ALRO, 1149 Park 200 57th St., York W. New 19, N. Y. Ave., Dept. AL-6, Glendale 5, Calif. No COD's. —

•fsSHOPPER The AMERICAN LEGION CLASSIFIED

For rates, write to Classified, Inc. *• Valley Tree 100 E. Ohio St., Chicago 11, Illinois

Red Foliage >n Fall!

Beautiful White Flov. BUSINESS—MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES AIRBORNE VETERANS ONLY INVESTIGATE ACCIDENTS—Earn $950 to $1,600 monthly. AIRBORNE VETERANS, paratroopers, gliderists, may now Men urgently needed. Car furnished. Business expenses paid. join only American airborne professional military association, Pick own job location. Investigate full time. Or earn $6.44 hour including free $1,000.00 insurance benefit. Request informa- spare time. Write for Free Information. Universal, CA-7, tion by postcard. AIRBORNE ASSOCIATION, Drawer "G", 6801 Hillcrest, Dallas 5, Texas. Fort Bragg, North Carolina, SELL Advertising book matches. Write us today: we put you OF INTEREST TO WOMEN in business by return mail; handling complete line ad book Save on yarns, matches in demand by every business right in your town! WEAVERS— money looms, supplies. Or. Rug No investment; everything furnished freel Top commissions Company, Dept. 7437, Li ma, Ohio. dailyl Superior Match, Dept. JX-764, 7530 S. Greenwood, HOME TYPING —$75 Possible Weekly! Instruction Booklet, Chicago, JIL 60619. $1.00. Research Enterprises, 29-FBX Samoset Road, Woburn, Mass. EARN BIG MONEY repairing electrical appliancesl Learn TURNS to white cloud of flowers from a in spare time at home. FREE BOOK. Christy Trades School, OF INTEREST TO MEN green shade tree in July, then flaming red 3214 W. Lawrence, Dept. A-7H, Chicago 60625, FINEST STAINLESS DOUBLE EDGE RAZOR BLADES. 4' with the 1st fall frost. You get 2 to trees INVESTIGATE FIRES, STORM" DAMAGE, ACCIDENTS 15 for only $1.00 postpaid. Guaranteed to surpass any other For Insurance Companies Pays up to $1,000 a month, part or (Grows 30'). Not satisfied, money refunded. — stainless blades. Write for Free Sample. A & B, 1 5405 Myrtle, full time. No college necessary. Car furnished; expense paid. 1 tree $1., 3 $2., 8— $4., plus C.O.D. Harvey, Illinois 60426. — — train you at home in spare time. Keep present job until We ALL BRAND NAME Men's products. Confidential wholesale chgs. Add 500 ptge. on prepaid orders. ready to switch. Pick your location. Men badly needed now. price list 10((. Distributor Sales, Box 6041-AB, Kansas City, Nursery Div., RR1, Full Write School, Dept. C-955. HOUSE OF WESLEY, information FREE. Liberty Mo. 64110. Dept. 101-57, Bloomington, III. 1139 W. Park, Libertyville, Illinois. MAIL ORDER MERCHANDISE that sells-repeats. Generous HOBBIES-COLLECTORS profits, Orders drop shipped. New offer sent each month for 11 PIECE MOUNTED GUN COLLECTION. Rifles, pistols, one year. Literature imprinted in your name. Details free. submachine gun. Scale replicas World's Most Famous Fire- General Enterprises, Box 303, Isjand Park, New Yoj;k, arms. ALL SHOOT (harmless). Personalized engraved $75.00 WEEKLY possible clipping Newspaper Items for Pub- owner's nameplate. Enviable, fascinating, educational gift; lishers. Some worth $10.00 each. Details free. Graham's, den, elsewhere. Remarkably priced. Free illustrated informa- 1255-N, Englewood, Colorado 80110. tion. FARON INTERNATIONAL, 7065 H Walbrook Station, Baltimore Maryland. FREE BOOK "990 Successful, Little-Known Businesses" 16, Work homej Plymouth-738G, Brooklyn 4, New York. COINS-MONEY EXCITING IDEAS! Earn money. Full or spare time. Details $1 1,750 REWARD for certain coins. Pennies, Nickels, Dimes, $1.00. Silver Spur Enterprises, C2, Box 2057, Prescott, Arizona. Quarters that you may even have in your daily change pay HOME MAI LORDER BUSINESS— Raising fishworms and from $250.00 to $35,000.00. Send $1.00 for valuable Coin crickets. Free literature. Carter Gardens, Plains, Georgia. Catalog. Money Back Guarantee. Best Values Co., DepL EDUCATION-INSTRUCTION-SCHOOLS A-898M, 285 Market Street, Newark, New Jersey. MEN WANTEDI EARN to $1,000 per month investigating STAMPS auto accidents, fires, storm damage, wind and hail losses for STAMPS FREE! New issues—New Countries—Triangles insurance companies, private adjusters, agencies. Ages 18 to ROCKETS- OLYMPICS- SCOUTS- BIRDS- FLOWERS 60. Part or full time. No high school or experience needed. Car —ANIMALS—ALSO Old Canadian and U.S. Stamps. Plus furnished, expenses paid. We train you at home in your spare complete illustrated Canadian Stamp Catalog. Send 10£ for time. Free placement help. Keep present job until ready to mailing. GRAY STAM P CO., Dept. MA, Toronto, Canada. switch. Pick location. For personal interview write SONG POEMS NATIONWIDE ADJUSTERS SCHOOL (O), 5904 E. Colfax, Denver, Colorado 80 220. POEMS NEEDED for songs. Rush poems. Crown Music, WEST POINT gives healthful support, slim AGENTS WANTED 49-AM West 32, New York 1. look, detachable fly front pouch, & non INVENTIONS WANTED MENI Show your wife! 60% profit on nationally advertised roll top. Adjustable Power Panel flattens Hollywood Cosmetics. Make $25 a day up. Hire others. For INVENTIONS Wanted: Patented, unpatented. Global abdomen up to 4 in. Order on 10 day free samples, details, write Studio Girl —Glendale, California Marketing Service, 2420-L 77th, Oakland 5, California. money-back guarantee. Waist sizes 26-50 Department j'56B46. REAL ESTATE (specify). (2 for $7.59). Extra pouches MAKE EXTRA MONEY—show friends, neighbors—Gifts, $3.98 CANADIAN VACATION LANDS: Full price $385.00. 40 Stationery, Christmas All Occasion Greeting Cards. Experi- 750, 3 for $2. MAGIC MOLD, INC., Dept. — acres, Suitable cottage sites, in- ence unnecessary. Salable Samples on approval, Free Catalog, $10 month. hunting, fishing, W. 47 St., N.Y.C., N. Y. vestment. information. Land AL7, 23 Name Imprinted Christmas Card Album. HEDENKAMP, Free Corporation, 3768-F Bath urst, Downsview, Ontario, Canada. 361 Broadway, Dept. AL-14, New York. LEVEL LOTS, Kingman, Ariz. Water, power. $495 AGENTS Wanted to sell $399.00 pool table. Commission LARGE full price, down, month. interest. Write Box 486, $75.00. Financing or leasing available. Lomma Billiard Corp., $10 $10 No Free pictures, maps. Scranton, Penna. Kingman, Ariz. SALESMEN WANTED RETIRE in Florida sunshine climate. Live longer, better for less. Details, Box 973T, Hollywood, Florida. MAKE BIG MONEY taking orders for Stark DWARF Fruit Trees. Everybody can now grow Giant Size Apples, Peaches, PERSONAL-MISCELLANEOUS Pears in their yards. Also Shade Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, BORROW $1,000 AIRMAIL! Repay $44.82 for twenty-nine etc. Outfit FREE. Stark Bro's, Desk 301 75, Louisiana, M issouri. months. State licensed. Postal Finance, Dept. 87-N, Kansas SELL ADVERTISING MATCH BOOKS to local businesses! City 1, Kansas, No experience needed—powerful sales kit free. Part, full-time. THEATRICAL COSTUMES; Rubber. Leather, Satin, etc. Match Corporation of America,_Dept._EX-74, Chicago 32. Illustrated Brochure $1.00, deductible first order. OLYMPIA, EDUCATIONAL SALESMEN. Average $100 per enrollment. 126-OM, Brooklyn 18, New York. National Peace Officer Training, 1240 West Bayaud, Denver, ADVERTISERS-AGENCIES Colorado. Phone 744- 6317. You are reading the Classified Section of one of the Nation's FISHING-HUNTING-SPORTS most responsive markets. These Classified ads are shopped by NEW 1964 CATALOG. Complete Guide to Equipment and millions of people who respond to Opportunity. For details Supplies for Campers, Sportsmen. Send 25t to cover postage write CLASSIFIED, Dept. A-8, 100 East Ohio St., Chicago 11, and handling. Valley Surplus, MO-5, Route 59, Nanuet, N.Y. Illinois.

SWIM SNEEX— rubber shoes for surf, lake, pool, & boating. Grip-tread soles protect in rough bottom bathing areas. For men and women. White only. Men's sizes 7 to over ONE MILLION sold! 12; ladies' sizes 5 to 8. $3.98 a pair ppd. DORSAY PRODUCTS, Dept. XA3, 200 W. 57th St., N. Y. 19, N. Y.

RUPTURE-EASER (APiper Rrace Truss) QUALITY i y invisible swim aid

• Folding and r y Monroe Stacking Chairs FOLDING TABLES NON -SWIMMERS • Storage Trucks Double... 5.95 Churches, schools, clubs, • Risers and Stages SWIM INSTANTLY Right or left No lodges—your organization, • Room Partitions can order modern Yes, now, you too can swim like a fish the easy, safe Side Fitting too, way — FAST — and join the water fun. New, unique, Required Monroe Folding Tables at $495 1/25" thin, worn HIDDEN under reg. bath- our direct - from - factory, 4 oz. device, money-saving Com- ing suit or swim trunks, floats you at ease, with little A strong, form-fitting washable support prices! is comfortable all day. No more fear of deep for reducible inguinal hernia. Back lacing adjustable. plete stock of models, effort, Snaps up in front. Adjustable leg strap. Soft, flat groin styles and sizes. Attrac- water, adjust, buoyancy makes anyone unsinkable. Poor pad. No steel or leather bands. Unexcelled for comfort. tive savings on chairs, swimmers look like champions, non swimmers swim Also used as after operation support. For men, women, storage trucks, partitions, quickly and easily. Order your original, invisible children. Mail orders give measuro around the lowest "SWIM-EZY " It, today, lasts for yearv Made in U.S. pats, part of the abdomen and stats rioht. left sida or risers, etc. Send today for plus tax in Calif. double. Enclose 25c Postage. FREE 40-page catalog! pend. Send only $7.95 ppd. 32c 10 day trial guar. STATE WAIST SIZE and SEX. Airmail PIPER BRACE CO. add 42c. Beware of poor imitations SWIM-EZY Mfr., 811 Wyandotte Dept. AL-74 Kansas City 5, Mo. THE MONROE CO. 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa 2245 N Lake Ave., Dept. T-383; Altadena. Calif 91001. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 55 COIN QUANDARY There is a rumor that employees at the U.S. Mint are going on strike. They want to PARTING make less money. Jack Herbert MAD MODES Frock Shock This question may prove that I'm dim in SHOTS Doping the dressmakers' wiles; But WHY do "The Ten Best-Dressed Women" Appear in the ten Worst styles? But Deafenitely Spiked heels look neat on gay belles' feet But as the clangor swells With clank of steel on stone, I feel These "belles" are decibels. Pant Slant With naked, knobby, hairy knees This fatso loudly snorts With raucous laughter when he sees Dames in Bermuda shorts. Jim Davis UNSOUGHT BUT BOUGHT Impulse Shopping: Buying on the splurge of the moment. Stephen Napierala SUMMARY From faithful observation, It can be flatly said, All men are in two classes: The quick and the wed. "Well, gee, fellas, I didn't know it was so late! We've been playing close to three Gail Brook Burket quarters of an hour!" THE HEAT IS ON!

When a woman won't let the light of her UNCOVER CHARGE life go out at night, all he can do is stay home and burn. At a bench resort near San Diego, California, three girls on vacation, S. S. Biddle wearing scant) swimsuits, walked into a combination nightclub-restaurant late one afternoon. The headwaiter stopped them at the door. GOOD LISTENER "I'm sorry, ladies,'' he said, "but we have a minimum cover in this Whatever the woe or wrath may be establishment." That cumbers your crumpled spirit. "How much is it?" asked one of the girls. She's always aglow with sympathy, "Well," replied the headwaiter, "you're not wearing it!" Ready and eager to hear it. Dan Bennett

Oh, hers is the ear that never fails. It's there for her friends to borrow. ENOUGH ALREADY How else could she get the juicy tales At a children's party one youngster obviously away up there on She'll tell to the world tomorrow? the I.Q. scale was having a dull time. "You feel all right, dear?" one Georcie Starbuck Galbraith of the adults present finally asked. He thanked her and said he did. "Well, then, go play hide-and-seek with the other children," she said heartily. "Such fun!" The small brain shook his head. "It's very good of you, ma'am," he said politely, "but I have already been hidden and sought." K.i:n Kraft

FOR SALE A movie actor newly returned from several months in the Belgian Congo brought back a trunkful of shrunken beads. Hoping they might be worth something, he called up a well-known department store. "I would like to speak to someone about the possibility of selling some shrunken heads," he announced. "One moment please," the switchboard operator replied politely. In a few minutes he heard a click and a very prim voice said, "Hello. This is the head buyer speaking." H. R. Greer

PUN INTENDED A king was forced into exile by a revolution. He moved to a nearby country and got a job as a bootblack. He did so well that soon he was known as the king of the bootblacks. Asked why he worked so hard at such a lowly task, he replied: "I

do believe in doing my best, reign or shine." "Do I what? Pardon me, I guess I wasn't Philip Thomas listening."

56 TH E AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1964 NEW Alternate Uniform

A. Blazer— Men's fine all wool Navy Blue flannel. Gold Buttons. Silk embroidered emblem on breast pocket. Sizes 36 to 46 short, regular, long, X-long and stout (portly). No. 77000 $25.00

B. Trousers — Two types, grey with Gift Bibles unfinished cuffs. Sizes 29 to 46 in short, regular, long, stout Bible— A lasting gift or trib- (portly). Tropical weight 55% da- ute. White leather bible, cron, 45% wool. gold embossed American No. 77050 $11.95 Legion or Auxiliary emblem All wool worsted, regular weight. on cover, military service No. 77100 $11.95 record, family record, and American Legion preamble Give Height, Chest, Waist, included in bible. Many de- and Suit Size when Ordering luxe features. Encased in Trousers and Blazer. rich, red cedar box. Specify Protestant, Catholic *The navy blue blazer and grey or Jewish Edition. trousers has been approved by the National Executive Commit- Memorial Bible — Used by Posts and Units in lieu of tee as an alternate uniform for flowers as a lasting tribute to a departed member. Memo- wear on all occasions. rial page in bible to be completed. Gold lettering on back of bible and inside front of box "Our Deepest Sympathy," with the name, number and location of the Post or Unit. No. 7521 1 $9.95

Friendship Bible— Memorial features are removed to al- low for gift presentation. Any four lines of lettering on back of bible and inside box lid. No. 75214 $9.95 Specify Edition. Print Lettering Instructions. Allow 3 to 4 Weeks for Delivery.

Mens Jewelry Gold plated, white enamel, with emblem die struck into metal. Shorty Tie Bar, 74600 .$1.43

Tie Chain, No. 74601 . . 1.43 Tie Tack, No. 74602... 1.10 Cuff Links, No. 74603. 2.20 Membership Buttons Midget Size Button No. 83711, 10K $2.64 Regular Uniform No. 83713, 14K 3.63 C. Uniform Shirts of pre-shrunk broadcloth in regulation or Regulation Size Button sport style. Regulation Style. Long sleeves 32 to 35. Neck No. 83717, 10K $3.63 half-sizes 14 to 18. See current catalog for diamond prices. No. 83719, 14K 5.28 White, No. 70302, $4.50 Blue, No. 70156, $4.95

ON ALL ORDERS UNDER $3.00, ADD 25c FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Sport Style — Quarter length sleeves and sport collar in small, PRICES INCLUDE FEDERAL EXCISE WHERE APPLICABLE medium, large and extra-large. White, No. 70406, $4.25 Blue, No. 70410, $4.50 D. Ties — All wool button down. Blue (No. 70291) or Gold (No. 70292) $1.25 THE AMERICAN LEGION, NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES is« Uniforms — Crease and stain resistant, year-round, 14-ounce P. O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46206 nylon blend gabardine with Vz inch, gold stripe. Must be dry cleaned. Enclosed is $ Please rush the following F. Jacket— Eisenhower style with elastic waist insert. Give height, chest and waist measurements. Chest sizes 36-46 from stock. All other sizes add $6.00 and allow 5 weeks for NAME delivery.* No. 70201 $18.95 G. Trousers— Zipper fly— unfinished bottoms. Give your ADDRESS height and waist size. Waist 29-46 from stock. All other sizes add $3.00 with 5 weeks for delivery.* No. 70102 $11.95 CITY STATE H. Sox — Black nylon 6 x 3 rib stretch sox — one size fits all feet. No. 70470 Each $0.55; two pairs for $1.00 Send free Emblem catalog. Membership Card No. Chesterfield People:

They like a mild smoke, but just don't like filters. (How about you?)

Sidney Milan, stockbroker, New York N. J. Goldstone, aerospace engineer, California

Howard G. Heaton, rancher, Arizona

If you like a mild smoke, but don't like filters— try today's Chesterfield King. Vintage tobaccos- grown mild, aged mild, blended mild Made to taste even milder through longer length. They satisfy!

"HESTERFIELD KING tastes great.. .yet it smokes so mild!