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APP. 3 01981

ENVIRONMENTAE < ' A Research Design SERVICES

' for Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of the - Union Electric Nuclear Plant Site, j Callaway County, Missouri :

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Prepared for Union Electric Company

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_ by - American Resources Group, Ltd. Carbondale, Illinois

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L Principal Investigator' Michael J. McNerney

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April 1981

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~ INTRODUCTION 'This research design provides a theoretical framework and method - ological strategy for an intensive culturv resources survey and assess- ' ment of approximately 5,300 gross acres (2,141 ha) at the Union Electric Nuclear Plant Site, Callaway County, Missouri. The tract is located approximately 24 miles northeast of Jefferson City near the village of Steedman on highway 94 (Map 1). The location and assessment of cultural resources is authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.), National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Executive Order 11593, the Archaeological and Historical Conservation Act of 1974 (Public Law 93- 291), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 4.2, Section 2-6, July 1976.

Primary Research Objectives The major objectives of this project will be to: (1) conduct a 100% survey of a 5,300 acre (2,141 ha) tract identified

I as the study area (Map 2) giving scheduling priorities to specific locations as directed by Union Electric Company; l (2) evaluate and assess all cultural resources based on National I ' Register criteria of significance;

! (3) prepare a cultural resources management plan; and, I (4) following the location and assessment phase, be prepared to conduct phase II testing at selected sites.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING - The study area occupies a small portion of the Northeast Prairie Region, Lower Missouri Valley II Locale archaeological zone (Chapman 1975). This region is physiographically uniform, consisting mainly of glaciated prairie or dissected till plains. The Missouri River flows in an eastwardly direction, 5 miles south of the plant site. The flood- plain in this area is 2.4 miles wide with contour elevations of 520 feet bordering the north and south sides of the river. Logan Creek flows in a southwesterly direction entering into the Missouri River floodplain, fonning the eastern physiographic boundary of the plant site. The western boundary is demarcated by Mud Creek, which flows southeast before entering

into the floodplain. State Route "O," a hard-surface road running east to west, serves to delimit the northern boundary of the site. The following environmental data are taken from Callaway Plant Units 1 and 2, Environmental Report, Vol.1, Union Electric. Company (n.d.).

Topography The Callaway Plant site occupies a transition zone or major ecotone (edge) area between two major physiographic regions, the Interior Plains of the Central Lowlands to the north and the Ozark Plateau of the Interior liighlands to the south. The Central Lowlands were fonned by erosion of

a mantle of drift and till deposited by the Kansan glacier. In the southern portion of the Central Lowlands, gently rolling ana hilly topography was created by an abundance of rainfall and its consequent stream development. The hilly-to-mountainous topography of the Ozark Plateau developed by erosion of the Ozark uplift. ' The surface geology of the area is one of gently rolling upland in , the northern part of the project area that formed a paat of an old glacial

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- . . % till plain. Glaciation of this section resulted in relatively level plains. Erosion and downcutting of the Missouri River and its tributary streams have deeply dissected the plain in the southern half of the proj- ect area, leaving a nearly isolated plateau of approximately 8 square miles. The plateau has a maximum elevation of 858 feet above msl. The Missouri River has an elevation of approximately 505 feet above msl. Topographic relief varies more than 200 feet between valleys and ridges. The overall drop in elevation between the crest of the plateau and the Missouri River is approximately 350 feet.

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Drainage Surface drainage follows a general flow pattern from north to south. Logan Creek to the east and northeast of the site area has severely down- cut the local terrain, forming a floodplain that is approximately 1,000 feet wide. This creek extends some 6 miles north of its confluence with .

the Missouri River. - Auxvasse Creak, a major tributary of the Missouri River, is located about 2 miles west of the site area. This creek drains the western and northern flanks of the plateau. It is more than 30 miles in length with a number of large tributary branches. Mud Creek is a major drainageway to the Missouri River from the southern and southwestern side of the site area. Intermittent stream branches of this creek have deeply cut into the southern flank of the plateau, formiiig steep stream gradients.

The rt.gged relief of the southern half of the site area is due to

numerous lateral streams of Logan and Auxvasse creeks that have deeply downcut the plateau. In the northern half of the site area, dissection * of the landscape is not as severe. Surface drainage in this. area is.

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. . , % intercepted by Cow Creek, a major tributary of Auxvasse Creek. Gradients along intermittent streams flowing into Cow Creek are relatively lcw.

Soils Soils of the site area vary from fertile bottomlands of the Missouri River floodplain to less fertile, cherty soils of weathered limestone bedrock on steep slopes. High plasticity clays are found on the lower elevations of the plateau, while eroded l'oess deposits are found at. higher elevations. The Missouri River flaadplain is composed of alluvial deposits containing large amounts of silt .nd sand. The steep slopes

$ contain rock debris of various sizes.

. There are five major sof1 groups within the plant site area. These are the Mexico, Putnam, Menfro, Goss, and Sarpy serir.s. The Mexico and Putnam soils have developed in thin (2.5 to 5.5 feet) loess deposits overlying glacial till with a prairie vegetation :cver. Both soils have " clay pans" about 14 to 17 inches below the soil surface. During rainy . seasons, the slow permeable subsoils combine with the nearly level topo- graphy to create a soil saturation problem, forming ponds and shallow

muddy areas. The Menfro soils are light colored, having developed under a forest cover on narrow ridge tops and steep slopes bordering the Missouri River. These soils are well drained and have a high moisture storage capacity. | Their use for agricultural crops is seriously affected due to their location on steep slopes and erosion of the soil. Goss soils are characterized by moderate permeability and rapid runoff, having formed from weathared, cherty limestone. Sarpy soils occupy the alluvial Missouri River floodplain. These soi1s are very , fertile and are intensively farmed. The USDA Scil Conservation Service

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' . . % estimates that approximately 50% are subject to extreme flooding, 40% are.not subject to serious overflow, and 10% are subject to overflow so frequently that their usefulness is doubtful.

. Natural Vecetation . Tall grass prairie and oak-hickory forest compose the two major vegetation zones of the site area. The tall grass prairie occupies the

high, relatively flat portion of the plateau. This land is presently being used for agricultural purposes, but historic records and accounts indicate that presettlement climax vegetation was a tall grass prairie dominated by little bluestem, big bluestem, and ' Indian grass. On the ridge tops and slopes to the south, where moisture is generally more available, the dominant vegetation is an oak-hickory forest. Several oak species are present, including white oak, black oak, and northern red

oak. Shagbark it the major hickory on the drier areas, while bitternut hickory occupies the moister areas.

Wildlife . . , The site area provides sufficient water, food, and ground cover for wildlife in the vicinity. The predominant game species are white-tailed deer, wild turkey, bobwhite quail, cottontail ~ rabbit, fox and gray squirrel, and mourning dove. Furbearing animals and/or non-game species include opos-

s'm,u long-tailed weasel, raccoon, coyote, striped skunk, field rodents, pond and predatory birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Waterfowl are found along the Missouri River. Rare or endangered species of the immediate site area | include the bald eagle, ruffed grouse, osprey, and long-tailed weasel. I Within the project area, the plateau where the plant site is located is primarily used for cropland and grazing. Approximately 60% of the land is forested, 20% is in production, and 20% is pasture. 7 i - . . l

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FACILITIES . , American Resources Group, Ltd., is located at 127 North Washington Street, Carbondale, Illinois. Five thousand square feet of floor space provide offices, an artifact processing and analysis laboratory, and storage facilities. Complete stenographic, cartographic, and photo- graphic facilities are also housed at this location. A library empha- sizing archaeological, historical, and ethnographic aspects of the region complements a growing collection of technical reports. Through an agree- ment with nearby Southern Illinois University, the extensive collections

in its Morris Library are readily available. , ' Logistical support is provided by four late model field vehicles; field laboratory facilities; a complement of equipment suited for surv y, testing, and/or excavation; and a computer. Adequate in-house storage

facilities allcw for curation of collections during analysis, whereas agreements with state institutions (Division of North American Archae- ology, University of Missouri-Columbia) are made on an as-needed basis. For this project, the firm's mobile field laboratory will be located on the plant site. This 8 x 16 foot custom mobile laboratory is equipped with artifa'.t washing, drying, and processing racilities and will serve as the field headquarters for the preliminary analysis of artifacts, the examination and photographing of local collections, and related research'.

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PERSONNEL . Today, cultural resources management requires an interdisciplinary approach. American Resources Group, Ltd., recognizes this need and con- ducts cultural resources surveys and assessments with a qualified team of specialists, including both field and support personnel. Although the fim is a new organization, its staff members have more than fifty combined years of research experience. The duties and responsibilities of by team members follow; rssumis are attached. Principal Investigator: Michael J. McNerney; project administration, liaison with Union Electric Company and State Historic Preservation Office.

' Supervising Archaeologist: Patrick M. Tucker; supervise field and laboratory operations, interview local collectors, analyze prehistoric artifacts, prepare prehistoric archaeological sections of final report.

Historian / Historic trchaeologist: Edward M. Morin; conduct histori- cal research, interview local residents, review property abstracts, pre- pare historical and historic archaeological sections of final report. Architectural Historian: R. Gail White; complete historic archi- tectural survey of tract, prepere site survey forms, prepare architectural

history section of final report. Research Coordinator / Computer Operator: Joseph M. Nixon; data processjng, research coordinat'on, statistical applications.

. Project Secretary and Tec.inical Editor: Frances B. Poirier; typing, editing, accounting, and related project activities. Graphics Specialist: Randall D. Dawdy; prepare charts, graphs, photographic plates, and illustrations.

Archaeological Technicians: the field party will consist of four archaeological technicians. R6sumis will be supplied as selections are made.

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. - . ' Soil Consultant: William I. Woods; interpret natural,and chemical soil samples.

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK . The theoretical framework for this research will be based upon anthropological and archaeological settlement models. These models, designed to identify human cultural adaptations to varied habitats, are based upon material culture and related evidences recovered through archaeological investigations and instances of ethnographic analogy. Aspects of these models particular to the Lower Missouri Valley II Locale shall be employed. Emphasis will be placed on settlement and

subsistence strategies. *

Prehistoric Archaeological Context The following is a brief synopsis of prehistoric cultural periods of the Lower Missouri Valley II Locale as disclosed by archaeological investigations going back to the early 1900s. Paleo-Indian (12,000-8000 B.C.) Sites of this period are characterized by scattered surface finds of fluted and unfluted, lanceolate projectile points. Peoples of this period lived in small bands or family units, pursuing a nomadic existence related to hunting large game. Camp sites were probably small with a l low density of cultural debris associated with the hunting complex. Early Archaic (8000-5000 B.C.)

, Diversification of subsistence activities expanded to include trapping of small game animals and collecting of nuts, berries, seeds,

fruits, and shellfish. Each Archaic peoples began to exploit a greater variety of ecological niches using base camps as a point to which to return from hunting-gathering excursions. Social units were small and probably organized into extended families' (10-25 members) as with the Paleo-Indian peoples. The Dalton complex (8000-7000 B.C.) was transitional

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. (Late Paleo-Early Archaic) in terms of projectile point forms and specialized tool kits but clearly Early Archaic in emphasis on sub- sistence activities.

. Middle Archaic (5000-3000 B.C.) Sites of this period continued to be small with emphasis on a

. hunting-gathering mode of existence but with greater utilization of expansive prairie areas. Changes in tool kits indicate a greater range of subsistence procurement with no evidence of specialization on any one particular economic activity. The settlement pattern indicated by sites of this period is not significantly differ,ent from that of the Early Archaic.

Late Archaic (3000-1000 B.C.) This was a period of intensive adaptation to ecological niches not exploited by Early and Middle Archaic peoples. Sites represent a complete adaptation to a prairie-forest edge environment. Lithic technology varied greatly from the earlier Archaic subperiods to include the use of wood working tools and related activities. Early Woodland (1000-500 B.C.) Settlement-subsistence practices were basically the same as that for the Late Archaic; however, the adaptation to a diversified environment

included prairie, forest, and riverine areas. The earliest forms of pottery mark the beginning of this period. The cultivation of plants was present but does not appear to be important economically.

Middle Woodland (500 B.C.-A.D. 400) Subsistance activities focused on riverine locations in major river valleys with a broad spectrum of hunting-gathering, supplement by limited horticulture. Linked regional exchange systems of exotic goods,

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. .. , . which were widespread in geographical range, flourished dur.ing this period, involving social, economic, and religious' aspects of culture. Burial mounds were introduced during this period for the interment of the dead.

LateWoodland(400-900A.D.) Subsistance-procurement strategy shifted from supplemental agricul- ! ture and limited exploitation of specialized resources to a more general- ized hunting and gathering pattern. Broad areas not previously settled were now being used on a semi-permanent basis. Population aggregates became more dispersed than in the previous Middle Woodland period, indi-

; cating the use of larger territories to support ,their needs. Base camps an'd villages seasonally shifted in order to exploit a greater range of game and vegetable foods. Territorial units were becoming regionally stabilized. Burial mounds continued in existence, although widespread

regional trade of exotic goods greatly decreased. Some contact was main- tained, as evidenced by margine11a and other marine-shell beads associated with burials in mounds. Mississippian (900-1500 A.D.) This period is represented by the appearance of large civic, political, _ and religious urban centers located prinarily in major riverine settings.

! Smaller satellite villages and hamlets occupied lesser tributary streams. Subsistqnce-procurement focused mainly on corn agriculture, supplemented by hunting and gathering. Socio-political development during this period , was of the chiefdom-state level.

Archaeological Sites and Phases of the Lower Missouri Valley II Locale (Table 1)

1 ' Evans and Ives (1973) surveyed the Exclusion Area which resulted in the discovery of one site, 23CY20 (Map 2). Outside this area, the

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* ' - . . . . , . , Table 1 * 1 Archaeobqical Complexes and Sites ' in the Lower Missouri and Project Area ,

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* Historic | A.D. 1700 Proto-historic | ' Middle Mississippi ' A.D.| 1450 No date A.D. 1200 Early Mississippi | Hunting parties

. A.D. 900 | Late Woodland | Boone phase, Moreau subphase A.D. 400 i Terminal Middle Woodland Fox Creek phase? : A.D. 300 ! Classic Middle | | Woodland 23CY20 4 A.D. 100 | ; Developmental ' Middle Woodland No date 100 B.C. ' Pioneer Middle Woodland No date

, 500 B.C. Early Woodland Forager Tradition continues, Fiber- tempered pottery in Graham Cave? 1000 B.C. Late Archaic Geiger assemblage of Sedalia complex, ; Sedalia phase, Gronefeld component, Cuivre ; ceremonial complex, Sedalia phase ( 3000 B.C. ' Middle Archaic Graham Cave, middle assemblage, Arnold Research Cave, Forager aggregate 5000 B.C. Early Archaic Arnold Research Cave, Early Forager. assemblage, Dalton site assemblage, Graham Cave, Early Forager assemblage

- .. 7000 B.C. Dalton Graham Cave, Hunter-Forager component, Arnold Research Cave, Hunter-Forager com- ponent, Sims aggregate, Walter site aggregate 8000 B.C. Paleo-Indian Greatest concentration consists of Clovis Fluted, a few Folsom Fluted, Walter site aggregate 12,000 B.C. - Early Man 1 No date ,

(adapted from Chapman 1975, 1980) .

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__ _ _ _ . . - . . . . _ _ _ _ _ ...... _ __,, . . '. ._. . __.. ' y . . . . . investigators recorded two additional sites. One of these, 23CY74, is located within the eastern boundary limit prcposed for the present survey. The other site, 23CY214, is situated on a high bluff overlooking the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad tracks, east of the boundary limits. A fourth site, the Lawrence site, is clearly within the eastern boundary line of the present survey proposal. Site 23CY20 is situated on a terrace remnant where Logan Creek enters the Missouri River floodplain. Testing by Evans and Ives (1979) indicated that the site had a low-to-medium density of lithic and ceramic materials on the surface and in the plow zone level to a depth of 20 cm. Three features were found in the plow zone and extending below it to a maximum depth of 39 cm. Feature 1 was identified as a possible post mold contain-

ing flecks of charcoal and burned clay. Feature 2, unidentified function- ally, produced charcoal, chert flakes, pottery, bifaces, and a charred nut hull. This feature was intact and marked by three metal stakes emplaced over it. Feature 3 was identified as a pit containing pottery and lithics exposed in the plow zone. Below the plow zone, the pit measured 70 x 57 cm in a roughly circular shape. The pit extended to a maximum depth of 34 cm. Late Archaic and Middle Woodland (possibly Hopewell) occupations were indicated based on the small sample of diagnostic projectile points and grit-tempered pottery recovered from the site. At site 23CY74, one circular mound approximately 20 m in diameter and 2 m high was located on the bluff top immediately nest of 23CY20. The site rests on a ridge slope extending south from an alfalfa field at the 670-foot contour elevation (USGS 15' topographic map). A large central depression in the top of the mound suggested that it had been looted in the past. A Late Woodland affiliation (Evans and Ives 1973:5)

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. "as predicted for this site based on a comparison to the B:aly mounds some 5 miles northwest of 23CY74. The Lawrence site rests on a high bluff immediately due east of 23CY20 overlooking the mouth of Logan Creek. There is a low-to-medium . density of lithic debitage scattered across the surface of the site in an open field. There are also three suspected " mounds" at this site (Map 2).

| Paleo-Indian sites of the locale are represented by fluted points that are similar to Clovis and Folsom types. The Walter site in north- central Missouri (Chapman 1975:77), situated on a high ridge, produced fluted points, waste flakes, snu'bbed-end scrapers, cores, flake knives, choppers, adzes, hammerstones, and pitted anvil stones. The assemblage is well suited for activities related to the hunting complex and prepara-

| tion of hides or skins for clothing. | | Graham Cave in Montgomery County and Arnold Research Cave near | Portland in Callaway County (Chapman 1975; Klippel 1971; Shippee 1966; i | Henning 1966) provided excellent control of Early-to-Middle Archaic i ; assemblages, including the Dalton complex, from which to evaluate recovered diagnostic materials from surveyed sites of these time periods.

| Both caves also produced late Woodland components (Shippee 1966:36; Chapman 1980:121) with the ceramics being related to an unidentified phase of the Prairie-Forest Potter tradition; however, Shippee (1966:36) concluded that the Arnold Research Cave pottery was definitely related i to Raymond focus types of southern Illinois. ! Sites of the Sedalia phase during the Late Archaic are represented by the Geiger, Booth, and Gronefeld components, all in the lower Missouri , Locale (Chapman 1975:203). Tool kits consisting of adzes, digging tools,

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. - . . . , , . and grinding stones indicated an increased enphasis on foraging ia a prairie-forest edge habitat. The Cuivre ceremonial complex associated with this phase indicated that burials of adolescents and infants were interred in shallow oval depressions of earth mound structures. Burial offerings entered as caches cover a wide range of items such as Etley stemmed and Sedalia-like projectile points, cargets, engraved limestone plaques, galena, fragments of copper, and modified raccoon jaws, to name a few. .The Lawrence site may be a Secalia phase component, if the mounds at the site are determined to be of the Late Archaic affiliation. Early Woodland sites have not been identified for the region with the possible exception of fiber-tempered pottery in Graham Cave (Chapman 1980:267). The Black Sand complex covers a large regional area, including portions of southern Illinois, eastern Iowa, and northeast Missouri. Early Woodland sites identified for the survey area may be of the Black Sand com- plex. Middle Woodland sites, such as Creve Coeur, for the region show simi- larities to Havanna Hopewell in the Lower Illinois Valley and possibly Crab Orchard. The assessment of 23CY20 as Middle Woodland for one of the occupa- tions may show similar relationships to Middle Woodland Hopewell phases in Illinois. Certainly this is a definite possibility, considering that Cedar Creek, 23CY30, produced pottery similar to Havanna Hopewell and Fox Creek phases of southern Illinois. The Late Woodland Boone phase represents a culture that used a vari- ety of mound construction types for burials. Mounds contained stone chambers with rectangular floor plans, or stone box graves or cists, or a pavement of stones forming the bottom and/or top of graves. Burial interments were equally varied, ranging from primary flexed or semi-flexed

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. . to bundle burials and cremations. Burial goods consisted of such items as marginella and conch shell beads, clay pipes, pottery vessels, stone pendants, and split-bone awls, among other things. The Gordon Mounds, 23CYlG0/1 and 23CY190/2, near Jefferson City, Missouri, are excellent examples of sites of this phase. This phase will likely be represented in the study area. The Moreau subphase is probably a southern extension to the Boone phase. Village sites of the Moreau subphase are related to burial mounds of the Boone phase through a high percentage of cultural items shared by the two. Moreau subphase ceremonial structures may be represented by mounds found on hills overlooking the village sites. The geographic distribution of the Moreau subphase is concentrated along the Missouri River in Callaway County, the Lower Osage River, and the Moreau River. Major Mississippian sites, at present, appear to be restricted to , ' the greater St. Louis area. The only evidence of a Mississippian com- ponent in Callaway County is the Arnold Research Cave. Scattered finds of Mississippi triangular and Cahokia notched points and a few shell- tempered sherds which were found in the upper levels of the cave deposits may indicate that Mississippian hunting and gathering parties utilized the area.

General Research Problems

. Several problems with regard to the local archaeology of the Union Electric Nuclear Plant Site need to be addressed. Previous research of the region has answered some questions but has raised many more. An important problem in the study area and Callaway County is the delineation of the archaeological / cultural seqience. For certain temporal

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. . , - . periods, the sequence is well known and integrated with the Lower Missouri Valley II locale sequence. Paleo-Indian period sites are represented by scattered surface finds of lanceolate projectile point forms. Other kinds of cultural items indi- cating subsistence-procurement activities other than big game hunting are

meager. Sites of this time period'found within the proposed survey area should be located on high bluffs and ridge lines of dissected areas in the southern half of the tract. Sites may also be found within deeply buried alluvial floodplain soils within the extreme southern edge of the boundary

' limits. .

. For the Early-to-Late Archaic periods, sites of the study area should be located in rock shelters and overhangs that may be found along steep cliffs and bluffs bordering the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad tracks. Other high potential areas include the prairie-forest edge habitat in the middle portion of the tract. Likely locations are the small, fan-like projections that occur between ridge lines before opening onto the prairie. Open-air camps or temporary field camps that are seasonal in nature are suggested as the basic settlement type.

| Early Woodland period sites of the Lower Missouri Valley II Locale

| do not differ significantly in tems of settlement-procurement activities from Late Archaic sites. High potential areas for site location in the study area should coincide with those hypothesized locations of Archaic sites in the prairie-forest edge border of the tract.

| Middle Woodland sites are predicted to occur on terraces and terrace remnants along Logan and Mud creeks within the survey area. Subsistence- procurement activities during this period focused on intensive harvest collection of cultigens in' mud flat areas of major tributary streams and

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- - . , . shell-fish resources. The Middle Woodland occupation at 23CY20 in the study area is located on a terrace remnant of Logan Creek fn this kind of ecological niche. Subsurface features and settlement structures are known for this site. Sites of the Late Woodland period indicate a broader spectrum of hunting and gathering activities than sites of the preceding Middle Woodland period. Large villages with associated mound groups used for interment of the dead are frequently found on more level areas of bluffs and hill slopes of dissected terrain near major water sources. Sites of this time period in the survey area should be found on the high bluffs overlooking the Missouri River floodplain. Site 23CY74 is a good candi- date for a late Woodland mound structure. The almost total absence of Mississippian period sites in the Lower Missouri Valley II Locale suggests that none will be located within the study area. Predictions of possible environmental zones is therefore negated.

Specif'ic Research Problems The study area is located in the central lowland physiographic province near the Ozark Plateau border. American Resources Group, Ltd., has recently completed intensive archaeological surveys of 20,000 acres within this same physiographic zone in southern Illinois. Predictions regardir.g settlement patterns and site densities in this research area will be based upon these data (Haas and McNerney 1980; Higgins and McNerney 1980; Powell, Morin, and Luth 1981) from southern Illinois as a means of testing the regional reli-

ability of these patterns. Problems to be examined during Phase I investigations will primarily focus on those kinds of data which are available from survey, site assessment,

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- * . , . and background research. The following hypotheses will be. tested during Phase I investigations:

1. Sites of all major tice periods will be located within the sur- vey area, with the possible exception of Mississippian sites.

2. Paleo-Indian sites will be located on high bluffs znd rugged terrain, and site density will range from scattered surface finds of diagnostic points to s=all activity areas that will not contain subsur- face features.

3. Early-Middle Archaic sites will be located within cave shelters and rock overhangs along the steep bluffs that border the Missouri River

floodplain area. Archaic sites will also be located on ridge tops in

the interior forested parts of the survey area.

4. Small activity areas of all cultural periods will be located in the prairie-forest edge zone (3).

5. More intensively occupied sites will be located on terraces and terrace remnants in the bluff-edge zone bordering the Missouri River ficod-

plain.

6. Site function (i.e., activities) will vary with differential use of ecological zones and can be measured by the diversity of tool assemblages.

7. It is predicted that there will be a total of 20.8 prehistoric

activity loci within the prairie zone.

8. It is predicted that there will be 12.3 prehistoric sites and/or

activity loci within the prairie-forest edge border.

~ 9. It is predicted that there will be 31.2 prehistoric sites and/or activity loci within the upland oak-hickory zones (3-4).

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* HISTORICAL AND HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL , RESEARCH DESIGN ~ To date, few systematic cultural resources surveys have been conducted in regard to historic sites. Rather than examining the exploitation of an area by its historic population, the majority of surveys is site specific.

- It appears that with increased awareness of the importance of these resources systematic work has begun throughout the Midwest. Nevertheless, too few areas are being surveyed from a problem-oriented standpoint com- parable to prehistoric archaeological research. American Resources Group has recognized this need and has begun to develop and refine several research goals. Amon'g these are the develop- ment, evaluation, and refinement of an historic site type model, a chrono- logical sequence in which to place historic types, and the refinement of settlement patterns throughout the historic period. The research objectives pertaining to historic sites will be similar to those for the prehistoric sites within the survey area. The first objective will be to utilize a systematic rationale for iGotifying his- toric site types within the research area. The site type designation can be used as a tool to gain insight into the manner in which the survey area was utilized by historic populations, as it is essential in determin- ing settlement patterns. The method whic'h will be used in this study is the one developed by Powell, Morin, and Luth (1981:22-31). This site type model is based upon surface scatter size and shape in addition to artifact density and diversity. The second research objective will be to determine the overall his- toric settlement pattern in the research area. The determination of the settlement pattern in an area is perhaps the most infomative method of describing the relations' hip between a human population and its social and

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. . . . , . natural environments -- an important goal of archaeology (tfaas and McNerney 1980:106). Spatial, geographical, and environmental variables will be con- sidered in determining the historical settlement patterns. The final research objective will be to develop a cultural-historical frcmework within which to assess and evaluate the historical resources. The ,:riods which will be used are: Explorer, 1541-1735; Colonial Frontier, 1735-1800; Pioneer, 1800-1860; Early Agricultural, 1860-1900; and

Ag ricul tu re/ I ndu s t ry , 1900- p res ent. It is hoped that this approach will aid in organizing historical information, developing research problems, and integrating archaeological data. Of course, a great deal of local and regional research must be conducted to refine this scheme and to

establish its utility for future research in Missouri. Below is a brief sumary of each period. A more detailed account will be presented in the

* final report.

, Explorer Period (1541-1735). This period encompasses the intrusion into the area by Spanish and French explorers, missionaries, and fur traders beginning in 1541. The establishment of the first permanent white settle- ment by the French at Ste. Genevieve in 1735 marks the end of the period. Colonial Frontier Period (1735-1800). The Colonial Frontier period is characterized by economic competition and political turmoil. During this time span, the " Louisiana Territory" passed from French to Spanish to French and finally American control. Pior,eer Period (1800-1860). TM Territory of Louisiana underwent many changes in its status ever the next 60 years, one of which was Missouri's entry into the Union as a state in 1821. Migration of settlers into the area was promoted by various land distribution acts, reduction of the Indian danger, publicity guaranteeing infinite opportunities, and a

~ lucrative fur trade. . ,

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* . : . * . Early Agricultural Period (1860-1900). Farm operatfor}s in Missouri advanced beyond the simple self-sufficient pioneer state prior to 1860. Towns and villages developing along strategic transportation routes became well established and thrived economically. The development of the industrial sector toward the end of the century also helped to con- tribute to urban growth. Agricultural / Industrial Period (1900-present). This period marks the importance of agriculture and industry to the growth of Missouri. Of the early industrial activities, those that have remained more impor- tant to the livelihood of Missouri are agriculture, mining, and lumber.

Hypotheses

1. Earliest settlements will be located on the prairie-forest edge.

2. Prehistoric and early nineteenth century settlement requirements were similar.

3. Surges of movement into new lands which occurred during westward expansion will t'e reflected in land purchases within the research area.

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METHOD 01.0GY , The procedures and strategies for the implementation of this research design are based upon and guided by the following considerations: available prehistoric and historic background information for the area, recognition of the types of research problems which can be developed and caswered by an initial pedestrian survey and assessment, predetermined survey priorities relating to areas of direct impact, topographic and vegetational conditions within the study area, and cultural resources management considerations. These key elements serve both as a framework and, in some cases, establish parameters for the execution of the research. Total acreage to be surveyed within the boundary limits set by Union Electric Company amounts to 5,300 acres (2,141 ha). Of this, 2,395 acres (968 ha) are cultivated (plowed and winter wheat fields), pasture, and fallow lands located primarily in the northern half of the survey area. Wooded upland areas in the southern half of the survey area amount to 2,905 acres (1,173 ha). A complete survey (100%) of the residual area (Map 2) will involve a combination of. systematic pedestrian surface survey, shovel testing, and

soil coring. For purposes of the survey and maximization of site loca- tions, the area will be stratified according to the zones shown on the following page. ' The first three zoner are natural, topograohical, and biotic provinces. The fourth zone (bluff edge zone) includes the upland oak-hickory zone, one-quarter mile north from the bluff edge at the southern boundary of the study area. This was identified due to the recognized potential of the zone to contain numerous and significant archaeological sites (Map 2).

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Zone . No Zone Typt Topography / Soil Association Acres Hectares

1 Prairie Flat-to-gently rolling ter- 1,785 721 rain / Mexico-Putnam

2 Prairie- Gradation of prairing-sloping 610 246 Forest Edge hills /ifexico-Putnam Gasconade Series

3 Upland Oak- Dissected ridges and rugged 2,800 1,132 Hickory terrain /Winfield-Menfro Forest Midco-Crider-f;odoway Gasconade Series ~

4 Bluff Edge Steep cliffs-broken hill 105 42 (1/4 mile slopes bordering the Missouri north of River floodplain /Calwood bluffedge) Series

Survey Priorities and Scheduling In order to meet the scheduling priorities of Union Electric Company and survey priorities (spring plewing, etc.), the following schedule is anticipated:

1. Areas of direct environmental impact a. Sanitary land fill site near the plant b. Emergency operations facility of the plant , c. Other impact areas as identified by Union Electric Company and the State Historic Preservation Office 2. Zone 1 -- Prairie-cultivated land (spring plewing) 3. Zone 4 -- Bluff edge (predict high site density and mound locations) 4. Zone 2 -- Prairie-forest edge

5. Zone 3 -- Upland oak-hickory In order to expedite the cultural resources. survey and avoid construction delays, it is anticipated that in those areas of direct impact which do not contain cultural resources a letter report following sta'ndard guidelines submitted to the State Historic Preservation Officer will-be sufficient to clear the areas for construction. 26

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Definition of Prehistoric Sites * and Activity Areas ~ Since the major objective of this survey is to identify,' record, and assess sites within the study area, the use of a previously tested settlement- subsistence model developed for the Central Lowland Province near the Ozark Plateau border will be used in the prediction of high potential site zones

' and total number of sites for each zone. The use of such a model requires specifically defining the nature of a site and activity area as a unit of analysis used in the identification and collection stages of Phase I investi- gations. . The following definitions of site and activity areas will be used for , this survey and assessment: Site -- A locus of cultural resources that has been the scene of past human activity (Weichman 1978:2). This may take the form of habi- tation sites, work areas, burial sites, man-made artifacts, struc- tures of all types, and petroglyphs; or, a spatial cluster of cul- tural features or items, or both, in which the formal characteristics

are defined by its content and spatial association between cultural - items and/or features present (Binford 1972:146). Sites differ from activity areas by having a greater diversity of artifact classes, often exhibit organic staining, and usually contain subsurface features and cultural deposits. Activity area -- A location consisting of activities repetitively per- formed within a specified unit of space (Schiffer 1976:45). The unit of space will usually be represented by a discrete distribu- tion of cultural items and/or features. Activity areas are smaller than sites, have restricted tool and artifact assemblages, and seldom exhibit organic staining or subsurface features. In some' cases, an entire site may be considered an activity area, whereas smaller units of space are more appropriate for other problems.

Literature and Records Search, Personal Interviews Site survey files af the Archaeological Survey of Missouri and the State Historic Preservation Office will be reviewed for known site locations. . Extant surface and excavation collections curated at the. University of.

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; . - . . , Missouri-Columbia will be examined after the survey and assessment is completed. Local famers and residents of the survey area will be inter- viewed for site infomation and recording and photographing of collections. The collections of Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Caudie (23CY20) will be examined. Local historical museums, societies, and libraries will be consulted for documentation of historic sites and land use patterns.

Archaeological Field Methods Transect intervals will not exceed 20 x 20 m, 20 m between transects, and 20 m between shovel tests. This may vary, depending upon local topo- graphic and vegetative conditions. For cultivated areas of zone 1 (winter wheat) with visibility above 10%, intervals of 3 m2 on the ground will be searched for evidence of site occupation without the use of shovel testing. Areas with less than 10% visibility will be shovel tested, using 30 x 30 cm wide tests to a

depth of 30 cm or to sterile subsoil. All cultural material will be collected. The resulting material and profiles from shovel tests will be carefully scrutinized for cultural materials and evidence of prehis- *

toric occupation. . When a site is located, a datum point will be established near the site edge with a transect line running across the site at 10 m intervals. Soil probes at each interval will be inserted into the ground at 20 cm intervals to a depth of 60 cm. Soil samples collected at each interval will be used to construct a subsurface profile of soil stratigraphy. These materials will be collected and bagged with provenience infomation (zone numbsr, transect letter, and interval number) and date of collection labeled on the bag. Once a site is encou'ntered, the interval will be

28 .

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reduced to 10 m or less to determine the vertical and horizontal limits. . In order to reduce the impacts of shovel testing and excavation at signifi- cant sites (Lawrence site and 23CY20), chemical soil analysis will be employed to detemine site limits and intensity of occupation. Tests will include Ph and phosphate analysis. Suspected burial mounds will be evaluated using closely spaced soil corings (3-5 m depending en size). The Oakfield coring tool will be used to. develop soil profiles as a means of identifying buried soil horizons, original surfaces, and evidence of soil loading related to mound construction. Similar coring techniques will be employed to develop soil profiles on sites which exhibited more intensive occupation. All sites will be recorded on USGS 7.5' topographic maps of the

Mokane East and Reform quadrangles and forms of the Archaeological Survey ' of Missouri. Low density sites will be recorded, while medium-to-high density sites will be staked, precise boundaries determined, and a sketch map of the area in relation to the site will be constructed. In zone 3 and portions of zone 2, the survey crew will walk narrow ridges with two crew members on the crest of tne ridge and the other two crew members along the slopes paralleling each other for slopes of 20-40%. ' The same transect interval technique of sampling used for zone 1 will be used for these zones as well as for zone 4, with slight modification. Since vegetation cover is greatest in dissected uplands, the use of shovel, tests

will be greaMr. Forridgeshitvingslopesgreaterthan40%,threecrew members will be utilized: one crew member will walk the crest while the other two observe the slopes from the bottom of the ravine. Collection techniques will vary between low density (activity) areas , and what has been defined as a site. All cultural material, both diagnostic

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. . . , and nondiagnostic, will be collected at activity areas. At sites, an approximate 10% representative sample of cultural material will be col- lected. This will be achieved by identifying total site size and then collecting all material in transects spaced 10 m apart and 1 m in width until the approximate 10% fraction is reached.

. Historical Methods Survey techniques for historic sites within the research area will follow the same guidelines previously described for prehistoric sites. A thorcugh records and literature search will also be conducted in order to. provide additional information on these sites". This search will con-

sist of reviewing written documents, maps, and photographs. In addition, informants who are knowledgeable with respect to local and regional history will be contacted. Persons already identified include: Charles and Jule Holland, George Carrington, C. W. (Pete) Garret, and Peri Shiverdecker.

Architectural Research Methods

General The research design for investigating architectural resources in the Callaway Plant project area is based on two primary factors. First, pre- vious cultural resources studies of the project area have not included investigations of architectural features. Thus, no systematically derived data base for the study area is available for evaluation. Second, general perceptions of the quantity and nature of standing structures within the project area were obtained through a preliminary drive through the study area. These perceptions are useful in estimating the probability of identifying potentially significant architectural resources.

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Hypothesis , A cursory examination revealed that approximately 20 sites with standing structures are located within the project area. These struc- tures are all rural in setting and represent a variety of domestic, agria cultural, and industrial uses. Structural systems including hewn hori- zontal log, wood frame, component steel, and monolithic concrete are represented. The oldest structures would appear to date from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centurie1. Several buildings of recent origin are also represented. It i: likely that a small percentage of the standing structures will be of potential local historic or architectural significance. The data which may be recovered from these structures may contribute to the general body of knowledge regarding regional architectural traditions. The lisited number of standing structures in the project area, combined with the pre- vious lastes of other possibly older structures, would redtce the potential for identify'ng numerous architectural resources of significance. Methodolocy In order to establish a consistent and thorough approach to identify- ing and evaluating architectural resources within the area, the following research methods will be employed. Two distinct but complementary types ! of investigation will be used. These are archival research and physical examination.

! A review of literature and historical documents dealing with the study area, Callaway County, ar.d central Missouri will be conducted. Sources

| which will be consulted include documentary literature (e.g., county and local histories) and historical atlases and maps. Information obtained from these sources will be used to establish an historical context for | ' | 31 ; ! | ~ | ,

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. .. . , . understanding regional and ethnographic influences on regional architec- ture, as well as temporal periods of regional development. For example, trends in immigration to the project area, causes of settlement and development of the mgion, and individuals or groups involved in this development will likely be reflected in the architectural traditions of the area. The Missouri Inventory of Historic Sites will be consulted to verify if any sites within the project area have been previously documented and

to obtain informatien regarding previously recorded sites in the vicinity . , c,f the project area. Other cultural resources studies which are compatible with the ctiltural and physical settings of the Callaway Plant site will * be reviewed in order to evaluate the architectural features of this study in a broader context. Legal documents and real estate files maintained by Union Electric Company will be consulted for site specific information. These files

. should provide information pertaining to both standing and destroyed structures of the project area, which may not be available elsewhere. The second type of investigation will be field work, including structural examination and documentation. Two means of documentation will be used: verbal and graphic. Because no pruious architectural work has been completed, an inven- ' tory of all standing structures will be conducted. Each structure will be recorded using the Missouri Historic Inventory forms, located on USGS | 7.5' topographic maps, and photographed. This will establish a data base

! for the project area from which to identify those structures requiring ! more detailed study and those which are clearly lacking in historic /

a'rchitectural significance. - , . . , ! 32 | t

f . _ _ . . _ _ . ,. _

. .- . . . .- , . Interviews will be conducted with individuals who are, former residents of the project area or knowledgeable of the area's history. This aspect of

the field work will likely be as productive as the archival research because of the generally poor documentation of rural American architecture. Evaluations of potential historic architectural significance for all standing structures in the Callaway Plant site will be made after completing both archival research and field work. Those structures lacking potential significance will be identified as such. Those resources which are poten- tially significant will be identified, and recommendations will be made

, for subsequent work which may be required.

Cultural Resources Management Cultural resources management seeks to have control (in action and use) and to have responsibility for sites, structures, objects, and

districts which are historically, architecturally, archaeologically,

or culturally significant. Implementation of such control or responsi- bility may include inventory, assessment, recovery, research, protection, preservation, and enhancement, depending upon individual resources and

; circumstances (McNerney 1978a:5; 1978b:93). After location and evaluation of cultural resources, appropriate management alternatives and recommendations will be offered for archae- ological, historical, and architectural sites. Due to the nature of present land use, these recommendations will probably focus on resource

| | protection. ,

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LOGISTICS AND PROJECT SCHEDULING - . It is anticipated that the archaeological survey, artifact processing, preliminary analysis, local and regional historical research, and archi- tectural survey will require 10 weeks. An additional 12 weeks of analysis, archaeological and historical research, and report preparation will be , necessary. ~ As previously mentioned, the field laboratory will be located just north of the plant site at the Porter Miles residence. The survey party will reside in Fulton throughout the duration of the project. Regular and frequent communications will be maintained between the principal

' investigator and the supervising archaeologist. The principal investi- gator will provide Mr. David Wambold of Union Electric Company with a

progress report every two weeks throughout the project. If significant

discoveries are made, Mr. Wambold will be informed immediately. Copies of progress reports and significant discoveries will be relayed to the State Historic Preservation Office. Figure 1 provides a graphic presenta- tion of the project schedule, along with selected deadlines.

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- - ' Figure 1 ' Project Schedule | ; . for a Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment ! t of the Callaway fluclear Site

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. . ,! I i i Conduct Survey '' Hajor Tasks and Related Research, Analysis, and Draft ' I+ co , Field Work Report Preparation Review it ut.

. : ' l-i I Weeks i I I I i l i l I i l i I I I I I I i l i I I I I 0 1 5 10 16 22 26 n- c:::p , j j - (":"> ' ";E"5 Complete Complete Draft Final 'I Milestones Records Survey and Report Report ' - | g : p - -- Check Field Work Due Due .

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REFERENCES CITED Binford, Lewis R. 1972 An archaeological perspective. Sec.inar Press, New York.

Chapman, Carl H. 1975 The archaeology of Missouri, I. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

1980 The archaeology of Missouri, II. University of Missouri Press, Columbia. Evans, David R., and David J. Ives 1973 Initial archaeological survey of the proposed Union Electric Company Nuclear Reactor near Reform, Callaway County, Missouri. Job No. 7677-015, Archaeological Survey of Missouri, Columbia.

1979 23CY20, the preservation plan for an archaeological site. Final report to Union Electric Company, Archaeological - Survey of Missouri, Columbia. Haas, Daniel R., and Michael J. McNerney 1980 Cultural resources survey and assessment of the Northfield, Burning Star Mine No. 4, Perry County, Illinois. Report prepared for Consolidation Coal Company, Midwestern Region.

Henning, Amy E. 1966 Fabrics and related materials from Arnold Research Cave. The Missouri Archaeologist 28:41-53.

Higgins, Michael J., and Michael J. McNerney 1980 Cultural resources survey and assessment of Deep Strip No. 3, Burning Star Mine No. 2, Perry County, Illinois. Report

! - prepared for Consolidation Coal Company, Midwestern Region. Klippel, Walter E. 1971 Graham Cave revisited: a reevaluation of its cultural ' position during the Archaic period. Missouri Archaeological Society Memoir, No. 9. McNerney, Michael J. I 1978a A preliminary cultural resources management plan for Podne de Terre Lake. A report prepared for the Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale. .

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1978b A cultural resource overview of the Shawnee National Forest. Prepared for Department of Agriculture, U. S. Forest Service. Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois. . Powell, Terry J., Edward M. Morin, and Janice B. Luth 1981 Phase I cultural resources survey and assessment of Deep Strip #1 and Pinckneyville Pit #3 of Burning Star Mine #2, Perry County, Illinois. Report prepared for Consolidation Coal Company, Midwestern Region. American Resources Group, Ltd., Carbondale Illinois. Schiffer, Michael B. 1976 Behavioral archeology. Academic Press, New York. Shippee, J. M. . 1966 Arnold Research Cave or Saltpeter Cave. The Missouri Archaeologist 28:1-40.

Union Electric Company - Environmental report, Vol 1. Callaway Plant Units 1 and . n.d. 2. Union Electric Company, St. Louis.

Weichman, Michael 1978 Guidelines for contract cultural resource survey reports and professional qualifications. Cepartment of Natural Resources, Office of Historic Preservation, State of Missouri.

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w " American Resources Group, Ltd. {BE o ri ' @L 127 North Washington Carbondale,lihnois 62901 (618) 529 -2741

Resume Randall D. Dawdy ' Present Position:

' Graphics Specialist, American Resources Group, Ltd., Carbondale Illinois Education: Sauk Valley Community College, Dixon, Illinois, A.A., Liberal Arts,1972 Sauk Valley Community College, Dixon, Illinois, A.A.S., Law Enforcement, 1974

4 Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, B.A.,'. Anthropology with minor - in Linguistics, 1975 Cultural Resources Management Experience:

1978 Illinois Department of Transportation, Archaeological Survey FAP 68, Troy, itadison County, Illinois, Phase II excavation

1979 Cultural Resources Assessment of Proposed Diversion Channel of Galum Creek, Southuestern Coal Company, Perry County, Illinois Cultural Resources Surveys with American Resources Group, Ltd., for: Burning Star Mine #2 and #4, Consolidation Coal Company, Perry County, Illir.ois; 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items, U, S. Army Corps of Engineers, tiemphis District; pori. ions of the Big Five Drainage Basin, East Cape Girardeau, IU inois, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District; and Y.askaskia ' Island, Levee Raise Project, Randolph County, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District Cartographic Experience: i 1979 Cultural Resources Surveys with American Resources Group, Ltd., i Present for: 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items, U. S. Army Corps ' of Engineers, Memphis District; portions of the Big Five Drainage Basin, East Cape Girardeau, Illinois, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District; Overview of Minnesota, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Kaskaskia Island, Levee Raise Project, Randolph County, Illinois, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; and Burning Star Mines #2, #3, #4, and #5, Consolida- tion Coal Company, Perry County, Illinois

Special Interests: Cartography, techni::a1 illustration, commercial graphics, computer programming, and folk arts and crafts

Archaeology-History-Historic Arch!tecture - .

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- y ' American Resources Group, Ltd. W B$ m V' ' ' 4D. 7J 127 North Wash ngton Carborda|e. Illinois 62901 (618)S 29 - 2741 G , , RESUME Michael J. McNerney

EDUCATION University of South Dakota, Business Administration, B.S.,1958 University of Nebraska, Anthropology, M.A., 1971

CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE Fif teen years of archaeological experience in the plains, midwest, and midsouth and served as Principal Investigator on a variety of projects for federal, state, local, and private agencies.. These projects represent di. verse scopes of work for the U. S. Forest Service, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois Department of Conservation, Consolidation Coal Company, and other agencies

PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS Certified Field Archaeologist, Illinois Archaeological Survey Certified Contract Archaeologist, Illinois Archaeological Survey Missouri Association of Professional Archaeologists Society of Professional Archeologists, Field Research

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Society for American Archaeology Sigma Xi , ' Illinois Archaeological Servey

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

1975 (Editor) Archaeological Investigations in the Cedar Creek Reservoir, Jackson County, Illinois, Southern Illinois

. University Museum, Southern Illinois Studies No. 12

1977 A Preliminary Cultural Resources Management Plan for Pomme de Terre Lake, Hickory and Polk Counties, Missouri. Pre- pared for Kansas City District, Corps of Engineers. Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois

1977 A Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of Selected Exchange Lands in the Mark Twain National Forest. Pre- pared for the U. S. Forest Service, Rolla, Missouri. Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois

Archaeology-History-Historic Architecture

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O O RESUME . Michael J. McNerney. Page Two

1978 A Cultural Resource Overview of the Shawnee National Forest. Prepared.for the U. S. Forest Service, Eastern Region, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ~Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale. Illinois

1980 Phase I, Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of Deep Strip No. 3, Burning Star Mine No. 2, Perry County, Illinois. 'l- Prepared for Consolidation Coal Company, Midwestern Region. American Resources Group, Ltd., Carbondale, Illinois

RESEARCH INTERESTS Cultural Resources Management Lithic Technology

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< American Resources Group, d. ' ' q,pnBB r' W1 , j 127 NotIh Washngton Carconda'a doors 62901 515 529-27:1 ri Resume Edward H. Morin Present Position: Staff Archaeologist, American Resources Group, Ltd., Carbondale. Illinois

Educ,a tion: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, flew York, M.S., Public Archaeology,1980 St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, M.A., Ar.erican Studies,1978 Westfield State College, Westfield, !!assachusetts, B.A.,1975

Experience: . Archaeological 1980 l'cIntire Site, Pinckneyville, Illinois, assistant field supervisor; aid in directing site excavation, mapping, and recording

1979 Creekside Grove Site, Cheektowaga, tiew York, stage II archaeological survey, crew member; delineation of site, limited excavation, recording

1978 Archaeological investigation of the Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, itew York, cuitural resources management, crew member; limited excava- tion, recording

1976 Falley Amory, Westfield, Massachusetts, crew member; delineation of site, grid layout, excavation, recording

1975 Ashley Site, Westfield, Massachusetts, crew member; site delineation, grid layout, excavation, recording

1974 Post Office Site, Westfield, Massachusetts; participated in emergency excavation of a 17th century colcnial site Historical 1975 Old Sturbridge Village (living muscun), Sturbridge, I'.assachusetts; demonstrated blacksmithing techniques, guide and interpreter for gun exhibit

1974-75 Archives Cor:nittee, Westfidd State College, archival indexing; Editorial Board, Historir.al Jotenal of Western Massachusetts, c:liting and fomulation of edito-ial policy

1973 Westfield Historical Co: mission; .urvey of historic houses Historic Preservation 1979 Department of Historic Preservation, tiew York State Parks and Recreation; nominations to the National Register

Archa.cology-History-Historic Architecture

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R6 sums * Edward M. Morin Page Two

1979 Hudson-Mohawk Industrial Gateway, Troy, New York; proposed impact on an archaeological site

1978 Department of Historic Preservation, New York; survey / inventory of archaeological cultural resources inventories maintained by DHP

Training:

Archaeological Field and Laboratory work 1930 McIntire Site, Pinckneyville, Illinois, assistant field supervisor; aid in directing site excavation, mapping, and recording

1980 Log Cabin Site, Decatur, Illinois, Stage II archaeological excava- tion, supervisor; conducted field school in methods and field tech- niques for ibcon County Conservation District

1979 Hoboken Hollow, Troy, New York, field school; emphasis on supervisory training in methods and field techniques in historical and industrial archaeology

1979 Peebles Island, Waterford, New York; volunteer work in washing, cata- loging, and identifying 18th and 19th century ceramics, glass, and metal

1976 Westfield State Field School, Falley Armory; demonstration of basic archaeological field techniques learned at Ashley Site

1975 Westfield State Field School, Ashley Site; basic archaeology tech- niques with an emphasis on ceramic identification Historic 1980 Historic artifact analysis of survey projects for American Resources Group, Ltd. , Carbondale, Illinois

1979 Hoboken Hollow, Troy, New York; preliminary site research, deed search, state and federal census records, and city directories

1979 Ruscher Brewery Project Troy, New York; historical research, deep search, census records, wills, historical atlases, newspapers, tax assessor records, city directories, and interviews

1978 Westfield Whip Company, Inc., Westfield, Massachusetts; historical research, deed search, historical atlases, newspapers, city and county histories, city directories, and interviews

Selected Writings

Ruscher Brewery -- A Proposal for Study. Data for the Hudson-Mohawk Gateway to be used for nomination to the National Register

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Resume + Edward it. Norin Page Three Westfield ilhip Company, Inc. -- A Proposal for Study. - Proposal of study in an historical and archaeological context Springfield, Massachusetts, During the' Civil Years: 1861-1865. Historical Journal of Western flassachusetts 3(2), Fall 1974:25-37 Co-author, Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of the Northfield and Eastfield, Burning Star Mine #3, Randolph County, Illinois Co-author, Cultural Resources Survey and A;sessment of Pinckneyville Pit

#3 and Deep Strip #1, Burning Star Mine #2, Perry County, Illinois | Co-author, Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of the Eastfield and Westfield, Burning Star Mine #5, Jackson County, Illinois Research Interests: Historical archaeology Historic preservation Interdisciplinary study of history and archaeology .

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h , ' . RESUME Joseph M. Nixon Present Position: Coordinator, Research and Development, American Resources Group, Ltd., Carbondale, Illinois

Education: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, B.A., Microbiology with minor in Chemistry,1969 Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Ph.D., Cultural Anthropology, 1978 Selected Cu?tural Resources Mananement Experience: Jun 1978-Aug 1978, Archaeological Inventory of Giant City State Park, Jackson and Unior Counties, Illinois, su. vey May 1979-Jul 1979,13. S. Bureau of Land Management, Cultural Resources Overview of Uplands and Islands, Class II sampling design Jun 1979-Dec 1980 Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of 21 Berm Iteas (217) miles in the States of Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and Illinois, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District, field director

Jun 1979, Cultural Rescurces Survey and Assessment for a Proposed Petroleum Products Transmission Pipeline, Union, Johnson, Williamson, and White Counti - Illinois, Texas Eastern Products Pipeline Company, survey Jun '979, Cultural Resources Overview and Assessment: City of Perryville, Missouri, field director Jul 1979, A Cultural Resources Assessment of Selected Portions of the Big Five Drainage Basin, East Cape Girardeau, Union County, Illinois, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, field director Aug 1979-Oct 1979, Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment, Burning Star Mines #2 and #4, Perry County, Illinois, field director Oct 1979, Archaeological Site Testing at Kaskaskia Island, Randolph County, Illinois, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, survey Sep 1980, Cultural Resources Survey of Selected Segments of Shawnee National Forest, Jonesboro and Vienna Ranger Districts and University of Illinois Dixon Springs Agricultural Experiment Station, survey, field director Archaeology-History-Historic Architecture

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Selected Writings:

1979 With Michael J. Mctlerney. An Intensive Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of Preposed Levee Construction at Baldwin Wildlife Management Area, Randolph County, Illinois. Preparea for Illinois Department of Conservation, 16 pp.

1980 Setting (17 pp.) and Ethnohistorical Sketch (29 pp.) in A Cultural

- Resources Overview of the State of Minnesota. Prepared for the U. S. Bureau of Land Management

1980 An Archaeological and Historical Resources Survey of 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items in the States of Kentucky and Tennessee: Component 1. Prepared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District,101 pp.

1980 An Archaeological and Historical Resources Survey of 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items, Southeast Missouri: Component 2. Pre- pared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District,111 pp.

# 1980 An Archaeological and Historical Resources Survey of 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items, Southernmost Illinois: Component 3. Pre- pared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District,117 pp.

1980 An Archaeological and Historical Resources Survey of 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items, Crittenden and Desha Counties, Arkansas: Component 6. Prepared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District,122 pp.

' 1981 A Cultural Resources Survey of Selected Shawnee Hills Compartments. Prepared for U. S. Forest Service, Vienna Ranger District and Uni- versity of Illinois Dixon Springs Agricultural Experiment Station, ' 34 pp.

1981 An Archaeological and Historical Resources Survey of 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items, Southeast Missouri and tiortheast Arkansas: Component 5. Prepared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis District, 86 pp. Professional Affiliations: Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society of 11 orth America; full membership March 1976, Southern Illinois University Chapter Associate: Current Anthropology; Society for Psychological Anthropology Member: flational Trust for Historic Preservation Charter Member: Science 80(81) Professional Interests: Historical Archaeology, Oral History and Ethnography, Behavior Under Stress, Computer Operation and Programming, Sociology of Corrections and Cor- rectional Institutions ._ ------_ - - - - - _ _ _ --- _ _ -

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Resuri Frances B. Poirier Pr?sent Position: Secretary-Treasurer, Atarican Resurces Group, Ltd., Carbondale, Illinois

Education: Indiana University, B.S., Education with cuncentration in Business, 1947 Graduate School, Secondary Education and Guidance, Indiana University, 1947, and University of Wyoming,1948 (no degree awarded)

Relevant Excertence:

1973-1979 Secretarj-Stenographer and Office Panager, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, offices of BIOS Research Project and International Education

. 1956-1973 Homeraker

1955 Teacher, Department of Business Education, Las Cruces High School, Las Cruces, New !'.exico

1951-1954 Clerk General, ,;hite Sands Proving Ground, Las Cruces, New F4xico, Headquarters, U. S. Arcy Ordnance Corps

1951 Secretary-Stenographer, Kelley Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, Office of Special Investigations

'1948 Graduate Supervisor / Teaching Assistant, University High School, University of Wyoming, Laramie Professicnal Orcanizations: Business and Professional llocen American Association of University llocen

Research Interests: Technical communication Office procedures and managerent

Archaeology-Histcry-Historic Architecture

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' R5 sums Patrick M. Tucker

Pres _ent Position: Staff Archaeologist, American Resources Group, Ltd., Carbondale, Illinois

Education: University of Toledo, B. A. , Anthropology,1973 University of Toledo, M.A.Ed., Anthropology,1981 Experience:

1977-1980 Supervised excavations at the Indian Hills site (33WO4), Wood County, Ohio; multiccmponent late Woodland and Upper Mississippian habitation and burial site Supervised excavations at the Doctor's site (33 Lull), Lucas County, Ohio; Late Ucodland fishing station Supervised excavations at Fort Meigs (33WO8), Wood County, Ohio; Upper Mississippian habitation site Supervised excavations at the Strzesynski site (33W050), Wood County, Ohio; Euro-American settlement dating between A.D. 1825-1847 Supervised excavations at the Providence site (33LU150), Lucas County,. Ohio; Early Woodland nabitation site Supervised excavatMns at the Petric site (33LU118), Lucas County, Ohio; Middle Woodland habitation site

Supervised excavations at the fry site (33LU165), Lucas County, Ohio; . Ottaws Indian cabin dating between A.D. 1828-1832 Supervised excavations at the Reau site (20MR166),lionroe County,

, Michigan; Late Woodland (Riviere Au Vase phase) burial site

# Sunervised excavations at the Williams site (33WO7a), Wood County, Ohio; Late Archaic (Red Ochre) burial cemetery , 1975-1976

! Conducted site surveys of the Cow House and Antelope Creek drainages, Bell and Coryell counties, Texas; approximately 88 Archaic sites recorded and registered with the Balcones Research Center, University of Texas, Austin Archaeology-History-Historic Architecture

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1972-1973 Excavation crew member at the Dodge site (33WO9), Wood County, Ohio; Middle Woudland burial mound and Upper Mississippian habitation site Excavation crew member at the Waterworks site (335A6), Sandusky County,- Ohio; Middle Woodland burial mound and habitation site

Professional Certifications: . Ohio Archaeological Council (Level 3), August 30, 1979

Selected Writings:

1980 A Stylistic Analysis of a Protohistoric Ceramic Assemblage from Indian Hills (33-WO-4), Rossford, Ohio; M.A. thesis, University of Toledo In press A Cultural Resource Assessment of the Late Woodland Study Unit of florthwest Ohio, A.D. 1250-1600. Paper prepared for inclusion in Ohio's State Arch 3eological Preservation Plan, edited by G.111chael Pratt and David R. Bush, 60 pp.

1979 Ottawa Culture and Ethnohistory in the Maumee Valley, 1812-1838. Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Bulletin 8:1-35

1979 A Report on the Prehistoric Ceramics and Lithics from the Fort Meigs Site (33-U0-3) Excavations, July 1978. Report submitted to John flass, Jr., Western flichigan University, for inclusion in Field Report submitted to the Ohio Historical Society, Columbus

1978 The Fry site (33-LU-165) Ceramics. Paper presented to the 54th Annual Meeting of the Central States Anthropological Society, March 23, University of flotre Dame, South Bend, Indiana Research Interests: Statistics and computers Midwest prehistory Historic archaeology

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R$ SUM $ R. Cail White

EDUCATION

University of Illinois, Architecture (llonors), B. Architecture,1973 Boston University, Graduate Studies in American Vernacular Archi- tecture and Folklife Smithsonian Institution, Museum Programs Workshop in Horticulture in Museums and Historic Houses and Sites Campbell Center, Mt. Carroll Illinois, Workshop in Masonry Cleaning and Restoration

PUBLICATIONS (selected)

1977 Historical-Architectural Evaluation of Vernacular Archi- tecture in the Meramec Park Lake Area. A report prepared for the University of Missouri, Columbia, Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois

1978 Vernacular Architecture of Early Southern Illinois. In A Cultural Resources Overview of the Shawnee National Forest. Prepared for the U. S. Forest Service, Eastern Region, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Fischer-Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois

1978 Preliminary Assessment -- Historic Sites and Historic Architecture, Kansas River and Tributaries, Kansas. A report prepared for the U. S. Department of Army, Corps of Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri

1979 (No-author) A Cultural Resources Overview and Assessment -- City of Perryville, Perry County, Missouri. Fischer- Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois

1980 A Preservation Plan; Aaron G. Cloud Home/ Mary E. C. McCoy Memorial Library, McLeansboro, Illinois. Fischer-Stein ' Associates, Carbondale, Illinois 1980-1981 (Co-Principal Investigator) A Survey of Archaeological, Historic. and Architectural Resources for 21 Mississippi River Levee Berm Items in the States of Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Six reports prepared for , ' U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Memphis District. Fischer- Stein Associates, Carbondale, Illinois

Gall WHITE, ASSOCIATES Architectural Conservation and Design Services

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1981 Historic Structure Investigation and Restoration Plan, F. A. Prickett Building, Carbondale, Illinois. Gail Whice Associates, Carbondale, Illinois (in preparation)

1981 (Contributing Investigator and Author) Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment, Burning Star Mines #2, #3, and #4, Perry County, Illinois. Three reports prepared for- Consolidation Coal Company, American Resources Groty, Ltd., Carbondale, Illinois

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Licensed Architect, State of Illinois, Certificate No. 001-9309578; State of Missouri, Certificate No. A-4256; NCARB certificatiot; in' process

- Professional memberships in:

American Institute of Architects Association for Preservation Technology Society of Architectural~ Historians The Victorian Society in America The National Trust for Historic Preservation

WORK EXPERIENCE

1980 Entered self employment providing architectural conservation and planning services

1976-1980 Historic architect on staff of Fischer-Stein f.ssociates, Carbondale, Illinois. Responsibilities included conducting historic structures analyses, restoration / rehabilitation planning, and completing historic / architectural surveys and assessments for public and private agencies in the Midwest and upper South

1973-1976 Technical assistant to Ministry of Public Works, Venezuela, * through Peace Corps program. Responsibilities included ' working with architectural / urban planning team in preparing master plans for three communities and a development plan, including guidelines and policies for restoring an historic central city area

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 0F SERVICE Has completed work in Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas. Kentucky, and Tennessee i

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VITA William I. Woods <

Personal Data

' Date of Birth : 5 March 1947. Marital Status : Married to Sandra Lea Woods. Two children. Address : 323 South Buchanan, Edwardsville, Illinois 62025. Telephone Number : 618-656-3925. Social Security Number: 390-46-2255.

Educational Background

High School : Whitefish Bay High School, Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin. Graduated June, 1965. College

Undergraduate: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Sept. , 1965-June, 1966. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Jan., 1967-June, 1970. , Bachelor of Arts (Anthropology) - June, 1970. Graduate : University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, June, 1970-Dec., 1975. Master of Arts (Geography) - Jan.,1973. Goethe Institut, Brilon, Germany, Jan.-March, 1973. Currently Ph.D. candidate with major in Geography and minor in Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Dis'sertation Topic: Prehistoric Archaeological Site Distribution As a Factor of Local Resource Potential: An Example from Southern Illinois.

Languages

Successfully completed reading proficiency exams in German and Spanish at the . University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Granted Certificate of German Language Ability from the Goethe Institut, Brilon, Germany.

Research Interests

Prehistoric Settlement-Subsistence Systems. Archaeological Soils. Agricultural Development. Paleo-Environments. .

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. Professional Exper)ence Emplohnent History:

1976-81 - Staff Assistant, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville.

1980-81 - Visiting Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, SIU-E. 1979 - Part-Time Faculty, Jefferson College, Hillsboro, Missouri. 1975 - Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee.

1975 - Research Assistant, Department of Anthropology, UW-M. 1973-74 - Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M. ' 1972-73 - Project Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M. 1970-71 - Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M.

Teaching Experience:

1980-81 - Visiting Lecturer, SIU-E (Introduction to Anthropology, Archseological Mapping Technig?2s, IrAependent Study). 1980 - Instructor, training seminar in archaeological field and laboratory techniques for United States Corps of Engineers personnel held at the Rend Lake Reservoir, Franklin and Jefferson Counties, Illinois. 1979 - Part-Time Faculty, Jefferson College, Hillsboro, Missouri (Introductory course in Cultural Anthropology). 1977 - Guest Instructor, in archaeological training seminar for United States ! Forest Service personnel held at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. 1975 - Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M (Advanced course in Soils Geography). i ! ' 1974 - Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M (Advanced course in Abandoned Settlement Geography).

1973-74 - Teach,ing Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M (Introductory course in Cultural Geography).

1970-71 - Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, UW-M (Introductory courses in Physical and Cultural Geography).

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, 1969 - Tutor, College of Letters and Science, UW-M (Economics and Geography). 1968-69 - Tutor, College of Letters and Science Experimental Program in Higher Education, UW-M (Anthropology and Economics).

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. . Field Experience:

1981 - Directed archaeological survey of the Godfrey Township supplemental Sewer Facilities, Madison County, Illinois. 1981 - Directed archaeological survey of the John J. Storey Property, Madison County, Illinois.

1981 - Directed archaeological survey of the proposed Barge Fleeting Area, Chouteau Island, Madison County, Illinois. 1980-81 - Directed archaeological soils. investigations at various historic sites in Southern Illinois for the Illinois Depart emn t of Conservation. 1980 - Directed archaeological survey of the Cordon F. Moore Community Park Expansion Area, Alton, Illinois.

1980 - Directed archaeological excavation at the Sumac Site, Franklin County, Illinois.

1980 - Directed archaeological survey of the proposed City of Edwardsville Sewage Treatment Plant racility, Madison County, Illinois. 1979 - Directed archaeological survey and test excavation of selected sites located at the Rend Lake Reservoir, Jefferson and Franklin Counties, Illinois.

. 1979 - Directed archaeological survey of the proposed North Marcum Branch Sewage Treatment Plant Facility, Franklin County, Illinois. 1978 - Directed archaeological excavation at the Julien Site, St. Clair County, Illinois.

1978 - Conducted archaeological site survey of the Bi-State Airport property, St. Clair County, Illinois.

1977 - Conducted archaeological site survej- of the Caseyville Township Sewer Extensions, St. Clair County, Illinois.

1977 - Conducted archaeological site survey of the Washington Park Sewer Expansion , Area, St. Clair County, Illinois.

1977-78 - Directed archaeological site survey along the Waterloo Anticline, Monroe County, Illinois.

1977 - Conducted archaeological site survey of the proposed Gordon F. Moore Community Park, Madison County, Illinois. 1977 - Conducted archaeological site survey of the proposed Edwardsville Township Park, Madison County, Illinois.

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. . Field Experience continued:

1976-77 - Conducted archaeological site survey and soils research along the proposed FAP-410 highway alignment, Monroe, Randolph, and Perry Counties, Illinois.

1975 - Member of archaeological salvage excavation crew on Madeline Island, Bayfield County, Wisconsin.

1975 - Conducted archaeological site survey and soils research in the Puebla Valley, Mexico.

1974 - Conducted archaeological soils research a,t the Diamond Bluff Site, Pierce County, Wisconsin.

1974 - Conducted abandoned settlement survey and soils research at prehistoric and historic sites in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia,

1973 - Conducted abandoned settlement research at various medieval sites in Germany,. England, and Ireland.

1972 - Engaged in archaeological site survey of the Milwaukee River Valley, Milwaukee and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin. 1972 - Conductei-archaeological soils research at the Pipe Site, Fond: du Lac County, Wisconsin.

1971-72 - Conducted archaeological soils research at the Aztalan Site, Dodge County, Wisconsin.

Consulting:

1980-81 - Consultant, archaeological soils, for the Archaeological Laboratory, UW-M

1980-81 - Consultant, archaeological soils, for the American Research Group, Carbondale, Illinois.

1980 - Consultant, archaeological soils, for the Old Missouri Research Institute, Ste. Genevieve, Missouri.

| 1978-81 - Consultant, archaeological soils, for the Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. 1977 - Consultant, archaeological soils, for the Archaeological Laboratory, UW-M. 1975 - Consultant, archaeological soils, for the Illinoic Department of Transpor- tation, District 8, East St. Louis, Illinois.

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. Honors *

1970 - Received Bachelor of Arts degree with Senior Honors and Honors in the Major (Anthropo.ogy), UW-M. 1970 - Initiated into the Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi.

1968-70 - Enrolled in the College of Letters and Science Honors Program, UW-M. 1964 '- Received National Merit Letter of Commendation for high school students.

Awards

1975 - Awarded summer research fellowship by UW-M Graduate School.

1974 - Awarded summer research fellowship by UW-M Graduate School. 1973 - Awarded summer research fellowship by UV-M Graduate School. 1969-70 - Awarded undergraduate tuition, fees, and books grant for the academic year by the UW-M College of Letters and Science. 1968-69 - Awarded undergraduate tuition, fees, and books grant for the academic year by the UW-M College of Letters and Science.

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Pro jects - Principal Investigator

1981 - An Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of the Proposed Barge Fleeting Area, Chouteau Island, Madison County, Illinois. ~M. B. Corlew and Associates, Inc., Edwardsville, Illinois.

1981 - An Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of the John J. Storey Property. Mr. John J. Storey, cottage Hills, Illinois. (With Dr. Sidney G. Denny). 1981 - Archaeological Survey of the Godfrey Township, Illinois, Springhaven- Tremont and Rock Gates Estates Sewer Facilities Project Area. M. B. Corlew and Associates, Inc., Edwardsville, Illinois. (With Dr. Sidney G. Denny). . 1980 - Soils Investigations at Selected Historic Sites. Illinois Department of Conservation, Springfield, Illinois.

1980 - Archaeological Survey of Gordon Moore Community Park. Alton Parks and Recreation Boards, Alton, Illinois. (With Dr. Sidney G. Denny). 1980 - Emergency Archa'eological Data Recovery, Rend Lake Project Area, Franklin and Jefferson Counties, Illinois. United States Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District. (With Dr. Sidney G. Denny).

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Society Affiliations

Illinois Archaeological Survey. , Illinois State Academy of Science. Missouri Archaeological Society. Plains Anthropological Society.

Society for American Archaeology. ,

Society for Archaeological Sciences. Wisconsin Archaeological Society.

Certifications

Registered Field Archaeologist, Illinois Archaeological Survey. Registered Conrract Archaeologist, Illinois Archaeological Survey.

Publications *

' Reviews: 1974 A review of The Peasant Urbanites - A Study of Rural-Urban Mobility in Serbia by Andrei Simic. Geoforum 19:94. , Books and Articles: 1981 (With Kenneth R. Williams). Big Muddy River Unit (IX). In Predictive Models in , Illinois Archaeology: Summary of Results. Illinois Department of Conservation, Springfield. (In press). 1980 The Significance of Tunnel Erosion to Archaeology. Proceedings of the Applied Geography Conference, Volume 3, edited by John W. Frazier and Bart J. Epstein. Pp. 195-204. 1980 (With Melvin L. Fowler, eti al.) Archaeological Investigations in the Valley of Puebla, Mexico: The Puebla Preclassic Project of the University ; of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Archaeological Research Laboratory, University of ! 1 Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Report of Investigations No. 35. ' 1977 The Quantitative Analysis of Soil Phosphate. American Antiquity 42(2): 248-252. '

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Books and Articles continued: *

1975 The Analysis of Abandoned Settle =ents by a New Phosphate Field Test Method. The Chesopican, A Journal of North A=erican Archaeology 13(1,2): 1-45. s < 1974 (With Robert C. Eidt). Abandoned Settle =ent Analysis - Theory and Practice. Field Test Associates, Milwaukee. . 159 pp.

Papers and Presentations . 1980 The Significance of Tunnel Erosion to Archaeology. Paper presented at the Third Annual Applied Geography Conference, 27 Septe=ber 1980, Kent, Chio. 1979 Field Activities Condected by Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville for the FAI-270 Archaeological Mitigation Project During 1978. Paper presented at the First Annual Conference of the I-270 Archaeological Project, 12 March 1979, Springfield, Illinois.

1978 Field Tunnel Erosion - A MesoA=erican Exa=ple. Paper presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society for A=erican Archaeology, 6 May 1978, Tucsen, Arizona.

1977 Rapid Fractionation of Phosphate in Anthrosols. Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the Illinois and Missouri State Acade=ies of Science, 30 April 1977, St. , Louis, Passouri. 1976 Co-organizer and participant in Sy=posiu= on Site Survey Techniques held at the 20th Annual Workshop on Illinois Archaeology,13 Nove=ber 1976, Urbana, Illinois.

Reports

1981 An Intensive Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Chouteau Island Earge Fleeting Area, Madison County, Illinois. Sub=itted to M. B. Corlev and Associates, Inc., Edwardsville, Illinois, March 1931. 1981 (With Sidney C. Denny) . Emergency Data Recovery at the Su=ac Site ' (ll-Fk-62), A Crab Orchard Ha=let in Franklin County. Illinois. Sub=itted to the U. S. Ar=y Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, March 1981. 1980 (With Sidney G. Denny) . A Cultural Resource Shoreline Survey of the Rend Lake Reservoir, Franklin and Jefferson Ccunties, Illinois. Sub=itted to the U. S. Ar=y Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, August 1980. 1980 An Intensive Archaeological Survey of the Preposed Edwardsville Wastewater Treat =ent Plant Project Area, Madison County, Illinois. Sub=itted to the City of Edwt rdsville, Illinois, June 1980.

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y - ~ - , __ _ _, ~~----'- ' . . . o' Reports continued . 1979 Interim Report of Soil Analyses Conducted in Conjunction with the Carrier Mills Archaeological Mitigation Project. Submitted to the Center for Archaeological Investigations, SIU-C, Carbondale, Illinois, September 1979.

1979 Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville FAI-270 Archaeological Mitigation Project, Annual Progress Report (Period: 15 June - 31 December 1978). Submitted to the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, February.1979. 1978 (With Melvin L. Fowler, et al.). Archaeological Investigttions in the Valley of Puebla, Mexico: The Puebla Preclassic Project of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Part II. Submitted to I.N.A.H., Mexico, D.F., June 1978. 1978 (With Kenneth R. Williams). Predictive Model Study: An Examination of the Archaeological Resources of the Big Muddy River Basin. Submitted , to the Illinois Department of Conservatio'n, Springfield, Illinois, May 1978. | . 1978 (With Robert D. Mitchell). A survey of Aboriginal Chert Sources in the Waterloo, Illinois Area. Submitted to the Illinois Department of Trans- portation, Springfield, Illinois, February 1978.

' 1977 (With Sidney G. Denny and Kenneth R. Williams). A Report of Test Excavations Conducted by Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville and A Proposal and Budget for Mitigation of Four Archaeological Sites on the Right-of-Way of FAI-270 Submitted to the Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, Illinois, Nove=ber 1977.

1977 (With Sidney G. Denny). Archaeological Survey of 'the Caseyville Township Sewer Extensions. Submitted to Caseyville Township, Caseyville, Illinois, November 1977,

1977 (With Sidney G. Denny). Archaeological Survey of the Village of Washington | Park Sewer Expansion Project Arec. Submitted to the St. Clair County ! Inter-governmental Grants Department, Belleville, Illinois, November 1977. | | 1977 (With Kenneth R. Williams). Archaeological Reconnaissance of FAP-410 ! (Bypass 50 to Pinckneyville). Submitted to the Illinois Department of j TYansportation, Springfield, Illinois, October 1977. 1977 Soil Testing Report for the Proposed Interpretative Center Area at the Cahokia Mounds Historic Site, East St. Louis, Illinois. Submitted to the Archaeological Laboratory, UW-M, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 1977. l 1975 (With Melvin L. Fowler, et al.) . Archaeological Investigations in the valley of Puebla, Mexico: The Puebla Preclassic Project of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Submitted to I.N.A.H., Mexico, D.F., April 1975.

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Journal Review:

1976-81 Served as prepublication article re' viewer for American Antiquity.

Reporta and Papers Edited:

1979 Keith Brandt and Rebecca Seib. A Reconnaissance Survey of the Cultural Resource: Base within the Lower Meramec Basin, St. Louis and Jefferson Counties, Missouri. Reports in Contract Archaeology No. 7. Illinois University at Edwardsville. Southern

1978 Jeff Krause and Susan Etcheson. Archaeological Survey of the Northeast Central County Public Water District. Reports in Contract Archaeology No. 2. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. L977 Brad Koldehoff. The Mueller Site - Evidence of Paleo-Indian Occupation in St. Clair County, Illinois. Quarterly Newsletter of the Illinois _ Association For Advancement of Archaeology 9(3,4):25-27. 1977 Keith Brandt. Archaeological Testing at the Simpson Village Site. Report submitted to the Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, Illinois, September 1977. 1977 Keith Erandt. Archeological Testing in the Milton, Illinois Area: Project FAP-132. Report submitted to the Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, Illinois, December 1977.

References

Dr. Sidney Denny, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026.

Dr. Clinton Edwards, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukea, Wisconsin 53201

Dr. Melvin Fowler, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin _ 53201.

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