. ._ O .- - ' ' REC . 1VED APP. 3 01981 ENVIRONMENTAE < ' A Research Design SERVICES ' for Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of the - Union Electric Nuclear Plant Site, j Callaway County, Missouri : | . ! , , | Prepared for Union Electric Company .- _ by - American Resources Group, Ltd. Carbondale, Illinois . L Principal Investigator' Michael J. McNerney . April 1981 . m 8105 080M -- - .. .. _ .____._...-____-__.-.____~.___,_..__,,._---_...___-_.,_.-,_,,_.-.-__._-_,__-...._--__.....-_--.-,.~__-p__ _ _ _ - - - - - - . - , , * s . , ,- . i ~ INTRODUCTION 'This research design provides a theoretical framework and method - ological strategy for an intensive culturv resources survey and assess- ' ment of approximately 5,300 gross acres (2,141 ha) at the Union Electric Nuclear Plant Site, Callaway County, Missouri. The tract is located approximately 24 miles northeast of Jefferson City near the village of Steedman on highway 94 (Map 1). The location and assessment of cultural resources is authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.), National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Executive Order 11593, the Archaeological and Historical Conservation Act of 1974 (Public Law 93- 291), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 4.2, Section 2-6, July 1976. Primary Research Objectives The major objectives of this project will be to: (1) conduct a 100% survey of a 5,300 acre (2,141 ha) tract identified I as the study area (Map 2) giving scheduling priorities to specific locations as directed by Union Electric Company; l (2) evaluate and assess all cultural resources based on National I ' Register criteria of significance; ! (3) prepare a cultural resources management plan; and, I (4) following the location and assessment phase, be prepared to conduct phase II testing at selected sites. I 1. - l i ' - ' r- l' - - - . -_- . _ _ _ _ , _ , _ _ _ __ . t . Y GLACIATED ', PLAINS j N ' . I i - 9 Study Area CHEROKEE 'D :: LOWLAND - ,'!.', , ::. (|:!.: y.}5 .. ' Y:i .%-i.'.: : ' -.. 5.-|h''. 4. C. OZARK PLATEAU r!::.~.- ' , - ~-:ftS{i ..f ' RINGF1 biSNE - : N :j:,.,~.:{.: ' y!;"' isi I:3.ii. - .. :: svER "'=:. - .:p:~..:: . LAIN , .. , , MP 1 Location of Study Area (adapted from Fenneman 1938: Plate 6) . 0 100 - kilometers 2 ORIGINJ1 ' P00R' . - - - - - - - - . - . _._. _. _ _ _ _ __ '''' 11 , . ., ,- - ~., ~ is. b,, ,T I. .r , _. .C y -- --_ _ . .. { : ). --.. ,,. -. - Q .'. '* . p'_n "'"f . .s ' i . .. , ; ' - ' {e _.s , ' ' ' :'t,--. -(;( .' q' ',| '-,-- , , - . f2 . , . < , . .. ; . .,:. + - ' . J ,:- . .- . ., . .. ..:. ... : . (Q. .Wv.sj, A=~-- , N 73 - -.c'z' [-M1b''m' ' ' A ' ~ ,.,a . 2'~/ R- ~ . .( I sn '$ |' ,~ p4 ' u c. _ , s . A; . .s , .:. ,. , j,;g e.fgrQ!f - E~ ,. "| i. .I ._k. |,|p$I' , . ,, L --. t 's f, 5 . k, .d f' :. .--.N._' . 4 ~ ./ , J\ ( j s ,.8 1 . .3.. ' >. ' | .. ,,,.. 3 . 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W..+- f'x'[{''vf& WEN- g w, s g My%#a 1|,y e . V .o mn n..'' .' | A t - QM 3 , /['.,* Q) ' ^ ~ f ,-[' _'.Y.f,- |1:A$h)}fb ]<$hg& '{~'.*.\ffifa 2 ~ > -- x2 m u - n-1,4 c w.., =. mOx ,4 s. v s e.. %ca'.'% y k A..so f.. P3er Pl.nt 5f te. ,;. '.,+.4 A . i,y b. wA,u m ug a 4 <- c. n ..., c ~ tr. .*i m ori ----s : " , _. .. s w , > . t- \m.- m-O x. w )n a i p*,-,,r''us3,,J s< ., - hb'}f~ 1 w' i . '.c 'N'3- e %I:., '0.re"Q- u- 1 , d. D. g. me.- e , . yL. x en: - : -' + h<%' Gw ,,,, 5, t.i - 5. y/td 8 ..se, q u y [ D.:.:.u.c //w WiI . m , ... .m :..- . x. e v ~ t... m pp , ,- / v\ . .. .n ' - ~ P00R ORIGINAL. s. ' t* e . - . , ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING - The study area occupies a small portion of the Northeast Prairie Region, Lower Missouri Valley II Locale archaeological zone (Chapman 1975). This region is physiographically uniform, consisting mainly of glaciated prairie or dissected till plains. The Missouri River flows in an eastwardly direction, 5 miles south of the plant site. The flood- plain in this area is 2.4 miles wide with contour elevations of 520 feet bordering the north and south sides of the river. Logan Creek flows in a southwesterly direction entering into the Missouri River floodplain, fonning the eastern physiographic boundary of the plant site. The western boundary is demarcated by Mud Creek, which flows southeast before entering into the floodplain. State Route "O," a hard-surface road running east to west, serves to delimit the northern boundary of the site. The following environmental data are taken from Callaway Plant Units 1 and 2, Environmental Report, Vol.1, Union Electric. Company (n.d.). Topography The Callaway Plant site occupies a transition zone or major ecotone (edge) area between two major physiographic regions, the Interior Plains of the Central Lowlands to the north and the Ozark Plateau of the Interior liighlands to the south. The Central Lowlands were fonned by erosion of a mantle of drift and till deposited by the Kansan glacier. In the southern portion of the Central Lowlands, gently rolling ana hilly topography was created by an abundance of rainfall and its consequent stream development. The hilly-to-mountainous topography of the Ozark Plateau developed by erosion of the Ozark uplift. ' The surface geology of the area is one of gently rolling upland in , the northern part of the project area that formed a paat of an old glacial . 4 . - . % till plain. Glaciation of this section resulted in relatively level plains. Erosion and downcutting of the Missouri River and its tributary streams have deeply dissected the plain in the southern half of the proj- ect area, leaving a nearly isolated plateau of approximately 8 square miles. The plateau has a maximum elevation of 858 feet above msl. The Missouri River has an elevation of approximately 505 feet above msl. Topographic relief varies more than 200 feet between valleys and ridges. The overall drop in elevation between the crest of the plateau and the Missouri River is approximately 350 feet. Drainage Surface drainage follows a general flow pattern from north to south. Logan Creek to the east and northeast of the site area has severely down- cut the local terrain, forming a floodplain that is approximately 1,000 feet wide. This creek extends some 6 miles north of its confluence with . the Missouri River. - Auxvasse Creak, a major tributary of the Missouri River, is located about 2 miles west of the site area. This creek drains the western and northern flanks of the plateau. It is more than 30 miles in length with a number of large tributary branches. Mud Creek is a major drainageway to the Missouri River from the southern and southwestern side of the site area. Intermittent stream branches of this creek have deeply cut into the southern flank of the plateau, formiiig steep stream gradients. The rt.gged relief of the southern half of the site area is due to numerous lateral streams of Logan and Auxvasse creeks that have deeply downcut the plateau. In the northern half of the site area, dissection * of the landscape is not as severe. Surface drainage in this. area is. 5 | | ' .. - . - - . - _ . - . - -. - __ . ... ..; . , % intercepted by Cow Creek, a major tributary of Auxvasse Creek. Gradients along intermittent streams flowing into Cow Creek are relatively lcw. Soils Soils of the site area vary from fertile bottomlands of the Missouri River floodplain to less fertile, cherty soils of weathered limestone bedrock on steep slopes. High plasticity clays are found on the lower elevations of the plateau, while eroded l'oess deposits are found at. higher elevations. The Missouri River flaadplain is composed of alluvial deposits containing large amounts of silt .nd sand. The steep slopes $ contain rock debris of various sizes. There are five major sof1 groups within the plant site area. These are the Mexico, Putnam, Menfro, Goss, and Sarpy serir.s. The Mexico and Putnam soils have developed in thin (2.5 to 5.5 feet) loess deposits overlying glacial till with a prairie vegetation :cver. Both soils have " clay pans" about 14 to 17 inches below the soil surface. During rainy . seasons, the slow permeable subsoils combine with the nearly level topo- graphy to create a soil saturation problem, forming ponds and shallow muddy areas. The Menfro soils are light colored, having developed under a forest cover on narrow ridge tops and steep slopes bordering the Missouri River. These soils are well drained and have a high moisture storage capacity. | Their use for agricultural crops is seriously affected due to their location on steep slopes and erosion of the soil.