Medieval Haddenham, Buckinghamshire: Excavations at Townsend and Fort End, 2011 and 2013

Medieval Haddenham, Buckinghamshire: Excavations at Townsend and Fort End, 2011 and 2013 Version by Daniel Bray and Andrew Weale Online Free Thames Valley Archaeological Services Occasional Paper 6 Medieval Haddenham, Buckinghamshire: Excavations at Townsend and Fort End, 2011 and 2013 by Daniel Bray and Andrew Weale Version Online Free Published 2014 by Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd. 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading, Berkshire, England RG1 5NR Copyright © Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd. All rights reserved ISBN978-0-9926330-5-9 Cover Design and Typesetting by Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd. Printed by TVAS Press, Reading Version Online Free Front cover: Detail from enclosure map of Haddenham, 1799. Rear cover: Excavation of ditches at Townsend. Medieval Haddenham, Buckinghamshire: Excavations at Townsend and Fort End, 2011 and 2013 by Daniel Bray and Andrew Weale Version Online Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd FreeOccasional Paper 6 Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... v List of Plates ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... v 1: Saxon and Medieval Occupation at Townsend ............................................1 Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Archaeological and historical background ........................................................................................ 1 The Evaluation ......................................................................................................................................................2 The Excavation .................................................................................................................................. 2 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Prehistoric and Roman ...........................................................................................................................................3 Phase 1: Late Saxon .............................................................................................................................................3 Phase 2: Mid to late 11th century ..........................................................................................................................4 Phase 3: Late 11th to Mid 13th century ................................................................................................................6 Phase 4: Mid 13th to late 15th century ..................................................................................................................9 Phase 5: Post Medieval ........................................................................................................................................10 Modern and Undated ..........................................................................................................................................11 Finds .................................................................................................................................................11 Pottery by Paul Blinkhorn ....................................................................................................................................11 Ceramic building material by Danielle Milbank ....................................................................................................14 Metalwork by Steven Crabb ..................................................................................................................................14 ] .....................................................................................................................................14 Animal bones by Matilda Holmes .........................................................................................................................14 Environmental remains by Rosalind McKenna ......................................................................................................15 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... 19 2: 11th- and 12th-century Boundary Features at Fort End ............................ 20 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 20 Archaeological background ................................................................................................20 The Evaluation .....................................................................................................................................20 The Excavation ................................................................................................................. 21 Results ................................................................................................................................. 21 ...................................................................................................................................23 Finds .........................................................................................................................Version .......... 23 Pottery by Paul Blinkhorn ...................................................................................................................................23 Metalwork by Steve Crabb...................................................................................................................................26 Animal bones by Danielle Milbank .....................................................................................................................26 Charred plant macrofossils by Rosalind McKenna ................................................................................................27 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................Online ..... 29 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 30 Free REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 31 APPENDIX 1: 5 Townsend, Pottery catalogue by context. ...............................................................................33 APPENDIX 2: Fern Lane, Pottery catalogue by context. .................................................................................36 iv List of Figures Figure 1.1: General location of both sites within Haddenham and Buckinghamshire '!<" Figure 1.3: Detailed plan of all excavated features Figure 1.4: Sections Figure 1.5: Sections Figure 1.6: Summary plan, phases 1 and 2 Figure 1.7: Summary plan, phases 3 and 4 Figure 1.8: Summary plan, phases 5 and 6 Figure 1.9: Enclosure map Figure 2.1: Detailed location of site at Fort End, showing prior evaluation trenches Figure 2.2: Detailed plan of the two areas investigated Figure 2.3: Sections (1) Figure 2.4: Sections (2) List of Plates Plate 1.1 General site shot Plate 1.2 Ditches 1014 (445), 1015 (446), and 1013 (448) and posthole 447 Plate 1.3 Pits 500, 501, 502 and 505, and Ditches 1015 (505), 1014 (503) and 1013 (504) Plate 1.4 Sheep burial Plate 1.5 Chalk dump (583) in 11th century pit 329 Plate 1.6 Thimble from pit 502 Plate 2.1 General site shot Plate 2.2 Ditches 103, 104, and 102 Plate 2.3 Ditches and pit, cuts 37-40 Plate 2.4 Sheep burial Plate 2.5 Chalk dump (583) in 11th century pit 329 List of Tables Table 1.1 Summary of datable pits Table 1.2 Ceramic phase chronology and pottery occurrence Table 1.3 Pottery per ceramic phase, major wares only Table 1.4: Animal bone, species representation by phase Table 1.5: Plant macrofossils Table 1.6: Charcoal Table 2.1: Inventory of animal bone Table 2.2: Plant macrofossils other than charcoal Version Table 2.3: Charcoal Online Free v 09500 5 Townsend 09000 2 Fern Lane 08500 08000 Milton Keynes Buckingham Version Aylesbury Haddenham High Wycombe SP 73500 Online 74000 74500 0 500m !" "#$%&'()**+, Free vi Saxon and Medieval Occupation at 5 Townsend, Haddenham, Buckinghamshire By Andrew Weale with contributions by Paul Blinkhorn, Steve Ford, Matilda Holmes, Rosalind McKenna and Danielle Milbank Summary -" #$ /8&%;<==*>), #"$ #$###$#$?#/\# light on the sequence of development of the late Saxon and medieval village followed by a period of abandonment before reuse in the $?#$F#\ G#&I(]$ J(F$ of the site or its environs in these earlier periods. Introduction Archaeological and historical background The site is located immediately south-east of the Haddenham in general does not

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