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Seeking a Forgotten History
HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar About the Authors Sven Beckert is Laird Bell Professor of history Katherine Stevens is a graduate student in at Harvard University and author of the forth- the History of American Civilization Program coming The Empire of Cotton: A Global History. at Harvard studying the history of the spread of slavery and changes to the environment in the antebellum U.S. South. © 2011 Sven Beckert and Katherine Stevens Cover Image: “Memorial Hall” PHOTOGRAPH BY KARTHIK DONDETI, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 2 Harvard & Slavery introducTION n the fall of 2007, four Harvard undergradu- surprising: Harvard presidents who brought slaves ate students came together in a seminar room to live with them on campus, significant endow- Ito solve a local but nonetheless significant ments drawn from the exploitation of slave labor, historical mystery: to research the historical con- Harvard’s administration and most of its faculty nections between Harvard University and slavery. favoring the suppression of public debates on Inspired by Ruth Simmon’s path-breaking work slavery. A quest that began with fears of finding at Brown University, the seminar’s goal was nothing ended with a new question —how was it to gain a better understanding of the history of that the university had failed for so long to engage the institution in which we were learning and with this elephantine aspect of its history? teaching, and to bring closer to home one of the The following pages will summarize some of greatest issues of American history: slavery. -
Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135Th Anniversary
107th Congress, 2d Session Document No. 13 Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135th Anniversary 1867–2002 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2002 ‘‘The legislative control of the purse is the central pil- lar—the central pillar—upon which the constitutional temple of checks and balances and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar is shaken, the temple will fall. It is...central to the fundamental liberty of the Amer- ican people.’’ Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Senate Appropriations Committee United States Senate Committee on Appropriations ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, TED STEVENS, Alaska, Ranking Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ANIEL NOUYE Hawaii D K. I , ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania RNEST OLLINGS South Carolina E F. H , PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ATRICK EAHY Vermont P J. L , CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri OM ARKIN Iowa T H , MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky ARBARA IKULSKI Maryland B A. M , CONRAD BURNS, Montana ARRY EID Nevada H R , RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama ERB OHL Wisconsin H K , JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire ATTY URRAY Washington P M , ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah YRON ORGAN North Dakota B L. D , BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado IANNE EINSTEIN California D F , LARRY CRAIG, Idaho ICHARD URBIN Illinois R J. D , KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas IM OHNSON South Dakota T J , MIKE DEWINE, Ohio MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JACK REED, Rhode Island TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Staff Director CHARLES KIEFFER, Deputy Staff Director STEVEN J. CORTESE, Minority Staff Director V Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Seventh Congress Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all subcommit- tees of which they are not regular members. -
1835. EXECUTIVE. *L POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT
1835. EXECUTIVE. *l POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Persons employed in the General Post Office, with the annual compensation of each. Where Compen Names. Offices. Born. sation. Dol. cts. Amos Kendall..., Postmaster General.... Mass. 6000 00 Charles K. Gardner Ass't P. M. Gen. 1st Div. N. Jersey250 0 00 SelahR. Hobbie.. Ass't P. M. Gen. 2d Div. N. York. 2500 00 P. S. Loughborough Chief Clerk Kentucky 1700 00 Robert Johnson. ., Accountant, 3d Division Penn 1400 00 CLERKS. Thomas B. Dyer... Principal Book Keeper Maryland 1400 00 Joseph W. Hand... Solicitor Conn 1400 00 John Suter Principal Pay Clerk. Maryland 1400 00 John McLeod Register's Office Scotland. 1200 00 William G. Eliot.. .Chie f Examiner Mass 1200 00 Michael T. Simpson Sup't Dead Letter OfficePen n 1200 00 David Saunders Chief Register Virginia.. 1200 00 Arthur Nelson Principal Clerk, N. Div.Marylan d 1200 00 Richard Dement Second Book Keeper.. do.. 1200 00 Josiah F.Caldwell.. Register's Office N. Jersey 1200 00 George L. Douglass Principal Clerk, S. Div.Kentucky -1200 00 Nicholas Tastet Bank Accountant Spain. 1200 00 Thomas Arbuckle.. Register's Office Ireland 1100 00 Samuel Fitzhugh.., do Maryland 1000 00 Wm. C,Lipscomb. do : for) Virginia. 1000 00 Thos. B. Addison. f Record Clerk con-> Maryland 1000 00 < routes and v....) Matthias Ross f. tracts, N. Div, N. Jersey1000 00 David Koones Dead Letter Office Maryland 1000 00 Presley Simpson... Examiner's Office Virginia- 1000 00 Grafton D. Hanson. Solicitor's Office.. Maryland 1000 00 Walter D. Addison. Recorder, Div. of Acc'ts do.. -
The Life and Unusual Ideas of Adelbert Ames, Jr
Leonardo The Life and Unusual Ideas of Adelbert Ames, Jr. Author(s): Roy R. Behrens Reviewed work(s): Source: Leonardo, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1987), pp. 273-279 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1578173 . Accessed: 01/12/2011 07:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The MIT Press and Leonardo are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Leonardo. http://www.jstor.org The Life and Unusual Ideas of Adelbert Ames, Jr. Roy R. Behrens Abstract-This paper is a summaryof the life and major achievementsof AdelbertAmes, Jr., an American ophthalmologist and perceptualpsychologist, who had initially wanted to be a visual artist. He is most widely rememberedtoday as the inventor of the Ames Demonstrations in Perception, the most famous of which consists of a distortedroom in whichpeople seem to shrink as they walk from one corner to another. This essay discusses the relationship of the Ames Demonstrations to anamorphicvisual art, and it documents various comments by perceptual psychologists and artists who were directly acquaintedwith Ames. Fig. 1. Inthe Overlay Demonstration (this is a reconstructionof onlyone part of theoriginal version), Ames removed a cornersection of a playingcard so that the card more distant from the viewer (the eight of hearts) appears to be less distant. -
Criminal Disenfranchisement and the Reconstruction Amendments
THE YALE LAW JOURNAL RICHARD M. RE & CHRISTOPHER M. RE Voting and Vice: Criminal Disenfranchisement and the Reconstruction Amendments A BST RAC T. The Reconstruction Amendments are justly celebrated for transforming millions of recent slaves into voting citizens. Yet this legacy of egalitarian enfranchisement had a flip side. In arguing that voting laws should not discriminate on the basis of morally insignificant statuses, such as race, supporters of the Reconstruction Amendments emphasized the legitimacy of retributive disenfranchisement as a punishment for immoral actions, such as crimes. Former slaves were not just compared with virtuous military veterans, as commentators have long observed, but were also contrasted with immoral criminals. The mutually supportive relationship between egalitarian enfranchisement and punitive disenfranchisement -between voting and vice - motivated and shaped all three Reconstruction Amendments. Counterintuitively, the constitutional entrenchment of criminal disenfranchisement facilitated the enfranchisement of black Americans. This conclusion complicates the conventional understanding of how and why voting rights expanded in the Reconstruction era. Criminal disenfranchisement's previously overlooked constitutional history illuminates four contemporary legal debates. First, the connection between voting and vice provides new support for the Supreme Court's thoroughly criticized holding that the Constitution endorses criminal disenfranchisement. Second, Reconstruction history suggests that the Constitution's -
CONGRESSIONAL Recoltd-HOUSE. DECEMBER 3
. 2 CONGRESSIONAL RECOltD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 3, .Ma.ssa;chusetts-Henry L. Dawes and George F. Hoar. ARKANSAS. Clifton R. Breckinridge. John H. Rogers. JJ!ichigan-Omar D. Conger and Thomas W. Palmer. Poindexter Dunn. Samuel W. Peel. Minnesota-Samuel J. R. McMillan and Dwight 1\I. Sabin. James K. Jones. Mi.ssissippi=-James z. George and Lucius Q. C. Lamar. CALIFORNIA. Missouri-Francis M. Cockrell and George G. Vest. Charles A. Sumner. James H. Budd. John R. Glascock. Barclay Henley. Nebraska-Charles F. l\Ianderson and Charles H. VanWyck. WilliamS. Rosecrans. Pleasant B. Tully. Nevada-James G. Fair. New Hampshire-Henry W. Blair and Austin F. Pike. COLORADO. New Jersey-John R. McPherson and William J. Sewell. James B. Belford. New York-Elbridge G. Lapham and Warner Miller. CONNECTICUT. North Carolina-Matt. W. Ransom and Zebulon B. Vance. William W. Eaton. John T. Wait. Ohio-George H. Pendleton and John Sherman. Charles L. 1\fit.<Jhell. Edward W. Seymour. Oregon-Joseph N. Dolph and James H. Slater. DEL.AW .ARE. Pennsylvmtia-J ohn I. Mitchell. Charles B. Lore. Rhode Jslan~Nelson W. Aldrich. FLORIDA.. Sottth Camlina-M. C. Butler ~d Wade Hampton. Robert H. M. Davidson. Horatio Bisbee, jr. Tennessee-Isham G. Harris and Howell E. Jaekson. GEORGIA. Texas-Richard Coke and Sam. Bell Maxey. Thomas Hardeman. James H. Blount. Vermont-George F. Edmunds and Justin S. Morrill. John C. Nicholls. Judson C. Clements. Virginia-William .Mahone and Harrison H. Riddleberger. · Henry G. Turner. Seaborn Reese. N. Charles F. Crisp. Allen D. Candler. West Virginia-Johnson Camden and John E. -
Michigan and the Civil War Record Group 57
Michigan and the Civil War Record Group 57 Entry 1: Books Belknap, Charles E., History of the Michigan Organizations at Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and Missionary Ridge, 1863 Ellis, Helen H., Michigan in the civil War: A Guide to the Material in Detroit Newspapers 1861- 1866 Genco, James G., To the Sound Of Musketry and the Tap of the Drum Michigan and the Civil War: An Anthology Michigan at Gettysburg, July 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 1863. June 12th, 1889 Michigan Soldiers and Sailors, Alphabetical Index, Civil War, 1861-1865 Nolan, Alan T., The Iron Brigade: A Military History Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War1861-1865, Vol. 43Engineers and Mechanics Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War1861-1865, Vol.33 Third Michigan Cavalry Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War1861-1865, Vol. 24 Twenty-Fourth Michigan Infantry Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War1861-1865, Vol. 2 Second Michigan Infantry Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War1861-1865Vol. 1 First Michigan Infantry Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War 1861-1865, Vol. 4 Fourth Michigan Infantry Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War 1861-1865, Vol. 5 Fifth Michigan Infantry Robertson, Jno., Michigan in the War War Papers-Michigan Commandery L.L., Vol. I-October 6, 1886-April 6, 1893, Broadfoot Publishing, 1993 War Papers-Michigan Comandery L.L., Vol. II-December 7, 1893-May 5, 1898 Broadfoot Publishing, 1993 Entry 2: Pamphlets Beeson, Ed. Lewis, Impact of the Civil War on the Presbyterian Church in Michigan, Micigan Civil War Centennial Observer Commission, 1965 Beeson, Lewis, Ed. -
Portland Daily Press: February 07,1872
' PORTLAND i^——i mm•I'RloU ■»({) toT ajincir) oif ESTABLISHED JUNE «. 1868. VOL. 11. PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 7, 1872. TERMS «M» PER AW CM, EffADTAS^E. THE PUKTLAND DAILY PRESS MISCEL] jANEOUS REAL ESTATE. TO LEI. FACES ON THE WALL. publlsbod every day (Sundays excepted) by the I WHY? T H eTe BB S 5 BT PORTLAND PUBLISHING CO., ^ATLA NT 1C Geo. R. Davis & Co.’s To be Let HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. .. ■ __*«>n saw eJ ii*iin ; A PLEASANT Up-Stairs Tenement; four What in the reason that At 109 Exchange St, Portland. rooms; Author " the Literary, Re- WEDNESDAY water; rent ten dollars a month. Inquire of Uncle Tom'l Cabin," "My Wife and I," MORNINU. FEB. Terms: Dollar* a Year in advance. 0f-^ASebago 7,1872. Eliebt BULLETIN. H. A. etc. MUTUAL ,. JONES, and Domestic started two INSUR 1NCE COMPANY. febJdtf1 Galt Block. ligious, Weekly, THE Maine""STATE PRESS Postal Cards in Canada. (OROANIZI D IN 1843.) $20,000 to Loan tl / Room To Let. ©uce there was a very good little girl, who, by rea- years ago, namely, Morning at 50 a N. Y. Eve. la published every Thursday $2 board son of her goodness, knew where to find strawberries [Cor. Port.) We are la lean In mam TM^ITH suitable for gentleman and or year; If paid in advance, at $2 00 a year. 51 WALL prepared money ▼ T two wife, STREET, Con ier of New York. gentlemen. Also a few table boarders ac- in the winter. In the same way less a few weeks ago, the flash- William, Oram lo an Oral perfect people, When, telegraph j 9100 any amount desired, comraodatad, »t 52 Free Street. -
University of Michigan Regents, 1837-2009
FORMER MEMBERS OF UNIVERSITY GOVERNING BOARDS REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, 1837-20091 Thomas Fitzgerald ................ 1837-1900 Henry Whiting ................... 1858-1863 Robert McClelland ................ 1837-1900 Oliver L. Spaulding ............... 1858-1863 Michael Hoffman ................. 1837-1838 Luke Parsons .................... 1858-1862 John F. Porter .................... 1837-1838 Edward C. Walker ................ 1864-1881 Lucius Lyon ..................... 1837-1839 George Willard ................... 1864-1873 John Norvell..................... 1837-1839 Thomas D. Gilbert ................ 1864-1875 Seba Murphy .................... 1837-1839 Thomas J. Joslin .................. 1864-1867 John J. Adam .................... 1837-1840 Henry C. Knight .................. 1864-1867 Samuel Denton .................. 1837-1840 Alvah Sweetzer .................. 1864-1900 Gideon O. Whittemore ............. 1837-1840 James A. Sweezey................. 1864-1871 Henry Schoolcraft ................. 1837-1841 Cyrus M. Stockwell ................ 1865-1871 Isaac E. Crary .................... 1837-1843 J. M. B. Sill ...................... 1867-1869 Ross Wilkins .................... 1837-1842 Hiram A. Burt.................... 1868-1875 Zina Pitcher ..................... 1837-1852 Joseph Estabrook ................. 1870-1877 Gurdon C. Leech ................. 1838-1840 Jonas H. McGowan................ 1870-1877 Jonathan Kearsley................. 1838-1852 Claudius B. Grant ................. 1872-1879 Joseph W. Brown ................ -
H. Doc. 108-222
THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1865, TO MARCH 3, 1867 FIRST SESSION—December 4, 1865, to July 28, 1866 SECOND SESSION—December 3, 1866, to March 3, 1867 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1865, to March 11, 1865 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—ANDREW JOHNSON, 1 of Tennessee PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—LAFAYETTE S. FOSTER, 2 of Connecticut; BENJAMIN F. WADE, 3 of Ohio SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—JOHN W. FORNEY, of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—GEORGE T. BROWN, of Illinois SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—SCHUYLER COLFAX, 4 of Indiana CLERK OF THE HOUSE—EDWARD MCPHERSON, 5 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NATHANIEL G. ORDWAY, of New Hampshire DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—IRA GOODNOW, of Vermont POSTMASTER OF THE HOUSE—JOSIAH GIVEN ALABAMA James Dixon, Hartford GEORGIA SENATORS SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Vacant Henry C. Deming, Hartford REPRESENTATIVES 6 Samuel L. Warner, Middletown REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Augustus Brandegee, New London Vacant John H. Hubbard, Litchfield ARKANSAS ILLINOIS SENATORS SENATORS Vacant DELAWARE Lyman Trumbull, Chicago Richard Yates, Jacksonville REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Willard Saulsbury, Georgetown George R. Riddle, Wilmington John Wentworth, Chicago CALIFORNIA John F. Farnsworth, St. Charles SENATORS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE Elihu B. Washburne, Galena James A. McDougall, San Francisco John A. Nicholson, Dover Abner C. Harding, Monmouth John Conness, Sacramento Ebon C. Ingersoll, Peoria Burton C. Cook, Ottawa REPRESENTATIVES FLORIDA Henry P. H. Bromwell, Charleston Donald C. McRuer, San Francisco Shelby M. Cullom, Springfield William Higby, Calaveras SENATORS Lewis W. Ross, Lewistown John Bidwell, Chico Vacant 7 Anthony Thornton, Shelbyville Vacant 8 Samuel S. -
Union Calendar No. 607
1 Union Calendar No. 607 110TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 110–934 REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS DURING THE 110TH CONGRESS JANUARY 2, 2009.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79–006 WASHINGTON : 2009 VerDate Nov 24 2008 22:51 Jan 06, 2009 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\HR934.XXX HR934 sroberts on PROD1PC70 with HEARING E:\Seals\Congress.#13 COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS CHARLES B. RANGEL, New York, Chairman FORTNEY PETE STARK, California JIM MCCRERY, Louisiana SANDER M. LEVIN, Michigan WALLY HERGER, California JIM MCDERMOTT, Washington DAVE CAMP, Michigan JOHN LEWIS, Georgia JIM RAMSTAD, Minnesota RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts SAM JOHNSON, Texas MICHAEL R. MCNULTY, New York PHIL ENGLISH, Pennsylvania JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee JERRY WELLER, Illinois XAVIER BECERRA, California KENNY C. HULSHOF, Missouri LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas RON LEWIS, Kentucky EARL POMEROY, North Dakota KEVIN BRADY, Texas STEPHANIE TUBBS JONES, Ohio THOMAS M. REYNOLDS, New York MIKE THOMPSON, California PAUL RYAN, Wisconsin JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut ERIC CANTOR, Virginia RAHM EMANUEL, Illinois JOHN LINDER, Georgia EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon DEVIN NUNES, California RON KIND, Wisconsin PAT TIBERI, Ohio BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey JON PORTER, Nevada SHELLY BERKLEY, Nevada JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland KENDRICK MEEK, Florida ALLYSON Y. SCHWARTZ, Pennsylvania ARTUR DAVIS, Alabama (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:20 Jan 06, 2009 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 E:\HR\OC\HR934.XXX HR934 sroberts on PROD1PC70 with HEARING LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL U.S. -
January 13,1872
1 THE PORTLAND ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. DAILY PRESS ESTATE. MISCELLANEOUS ^^ published every day (Sundays excepted) by the _REAL CHRISTMAS. I-- __ LEI. baked into a hard PORTLAND PUBLISHING CO., _TO THE PRESS. th'i ^ou‘.!nK enist, while Geo. *?“ re,«atns porous. ft. Davis & Co.’s HAVE YOU SEEN To Let. At 1u9 Exchange St, Portland. ATLANTIC lf,en observed, too, that catUe Terms: Dollars a Year in advance. B Broad’s No. 30 Kim st., containing 9 rooms Seba- SATURDAY JAN. are to Eight ULLETIN. Patent Shawl MORNING, 13, 1872. in subject diseases Straps HOUSEgo water, ann gas. from whichnhi1? welJaQd»in dry fields are Mutual The only Shawl made with metallic Enquire on the premises. they compara- THE MAINE~~STATE PRESS Insurance Strap top Jal2d*lw "* al8° to Comp’y Silver pestered with $20,000 Loan I It plated, with cross* and end straps. Acknowl sw^fnfT'swarms of flies andF1iey Thursday IN mosquitoes, which largely Is published every Morning at $2 50 a (ORGANIZED 1842.) edged by all who have seen them to Island to Henry Clay. 8 y We are prepared la Iran be the neates Let. disappear as the lands are drained. year; if paid in advance, at $2 00 a year. money In .am. shawl ft-em 51 Wall corner New strap ever invented. Just the for holi ISLAND 13 miles SOME UNPUBLISHED ANECDOTES OF THE It be inferred 9100 la any amount an tin.I st., of William, York. thing from Portland and two might from such tacts as desired, miles Bates of Advertising: One inch of in day presents.