DOCSLIB.ORG

Summit He I*2I If I "The Governor's School," Notes Evan, Sunday, May IS, 1983 ...Exclusively Summit's Only Real Newspaper Vol.94 No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Summit He I*2I If I PUBLIC SUMMIT. N. J Evan Drake—First Summit Herald Camp Fund seeks scholar at Governor's School contributions hyJOYC IMONKS means ihe college that will best c;uit the While the SATs are here to stay, Evan The Summit Herald Camp Fund in its M a ivpoiicr know*, a lad that is true student and his or her potential. expresses what many students and parents 35th year again seeks support from ihe and yet revealing ii might slightly embar- Thus, Evan who has been thinking feel about the four-hour Saturday exam. public to ensure all Summit children have rass a person, should said reporter talk'.' about the "right" college for him since "hdon't see how one lest on one morn- a good summer. 1 must share some tacts with College Junior High days, this spring began the ing on one day can prove what kind of a There are needy children who without Admission Officers, even if il does embar- student you are." financial help won't have that kind of ex- ; (rek to visit college campuses. He covered rass l \an Drake. Hamilton and Colgate. Evan is set to take his SATs in June. perience. Mv ads ice 10 Admissions Officers is if With light money, and severe restraints ".With candor, he says, "1 don't want, In reality, their father is an alcoholic. Ivan Diake, a Summit High School on student loans, Evan and his peers are lo set my goals loo high. lie manages to keep a job, but depending junior. decides that yours is ihe college of aware of what Evan describes. "I've been looking at what Barrons upon his mood after work, nights for Ins choice, accept him. If you don't, some "If a student today is accepted at a describes as Most Competitive and Highly Eloi.se ami her young brother lid can he oilier university will get Ihe credit for prestigious school and also given a Competitive Schools, awful. Their father is abusive to his wile recognizing an exceptional student and generous grant at a less prestigious "My parents throughout all of this and to his children. During the schorl lor uiakinu him one of its alumni. school, the sensible student will take the have been very understanding. On the year, encouragement from teachers help Governor Thomas Kean knows how gram." SATs, they said, 'Do your best. Whatever give the children a positive image of uifted a student [-van Drake is, Evan is Evan and his peers are aware that you do is your best and you can'l ask themselves anil ihe talent in an they the first Summit High School student grades beginning in Junior High School from yourself more than that.' possess. Camp would help them to keep a selected to attend the New .lersey Gover- will have an impact on acceptance or re- "Bui even while my parents state this sense of self-esteem. It would also give nor's School. jection in the'college of their choice'.'The message, they really don't, have to say this brother and sister a chance to fiei out The New .Jersey Governor's School for pressure begins to build then. anything. It's a mental thing for a kid, of the home, and to have the chance to en- gifted high school sludcnlsis designed to However, Evans says, Ihe pressure ex- real or imagined, that your parents really joy the sounds of summer evenings in the stimulate the abilities and talents of ex- perienced from now on by the high school want you to be Ihe best and not just do ihe campside en vironment. ceptional students, reinforcing both their student many times is self-inflicted. best you can. Please send your check to The Summit belief in themselves and also iheir com- Students talk about their PSAT scores. "I personally don't think SATs are as Herald Camp Fund, 80 South Street, New mitment to serve the community, explains They are followed in Junior year by the critical to college entry as everyone says. • Providence/-N.J. 07974. Your contribu- Ihe Office of the Governor. SATs that can be taken in December and "I think colleges are also looking at tion is lax deductible. The major challenge of the.one-month the spring. your involvement in the school, com- The Camp Fund's goal this year is a program is lo I'osler Ihe growth of gifted Summit offers a two-week classroom munity, work. high one. Cutbacks in Federal programs students into becoming responsible, far review but many students feel that is not "1 agree with going to the school that is necessitate as much money as possible be sighted, innovative and participating enough. They enroll in SAT review right for you. A false picture should not raised locally to aid our needy youngsters. citizens, the Selection Committee noted. courses that can cost as rnuch as $400. be painted for the college. I don't think it The Camp Fund is distributed under The curriculum fosters global Some of these are memory reinforcing ac- is right for me to cram and bolster my the auspices of The Family Service awareness. Monmouth College hosts the tivities where SAT tests from former years grades. I can be packaged so well and ac- Association. program, partially funding it and ad- are used as practice tests. continued on page2. Evan Drake ministering it. The Dodge Foundation has awarded il it \i/eab!e grant. [•'van Drake has always been interested in history. It was in his High School social studies classes under the tutelage of teachers Anthony Akcy and Waller . Schacffler thai his interest encompassed the field of international affairs. Mr. Schaeffler's organization of the Model UN programs and the Harvard Model UN project have been influential in reaching many students like Evan Drake. Summit He i*2i If I "The Governor's School," notes Evan, Sunday, May IS, 1983 ...exclusively Summit's only real newspaper Vol.94 No. 50 "is a stepping stone if I decide to go into the field of international relations. This summer program is aimed at encouraging a student to become more explicit in clari- 1 lying values and value conflicts." f The Governor's School slates it intends Candidates field audience questions on vital issues f' lo provide an experience to increase a scholar's sense oi commitment to con- byPEGTHIJRLER numbers." A complete statement of his Extension of hours for serving Candidate's involvement with The pay with benefits. It also supplied and still tributing toward a brighter future. SUMMIT — The audience of 100-125 position appears elsewhere in the Herald, alcoholic beverages in a public place in Summit Observer. Mr. Hartlaub replied does, maintenance, snow plowing, entire At Summit High, [-van is a straight A that attended the League of Women recommending a School Board Summit. Ward 1 candidate for Common to a question directed to him that he has overhead. A comparison is not a fair one, studeni. Voters Candidates' Night last Tuesday Nominating Committee. He said that the Council Richard Poole said he would use "no interest, proprietary, financial, or he said. Mr. Nelson described the pro- fie is a member of the High School evening struck at the very heart of the mayor should sit down with the his contacts to set the hours the same as otherwise, in The Summit Observer." gram as very effective, using stamps that General Organization, the school's stu- city's present turmoil with its questions on superintendent and board members the surrounding towns. Judy McLendon, Height limitation of 48 feet for enable a ^hopper to get an hour of free deni government body, where he serves as vital issues. quarterly for discussions. He believes also candidate for Ward I Council posi- buildings in midtown. None of the can- parking for three different spots on their a Junior Class Senator. Candidates for Mayor, Ward I, Ward there should be a proper evaluation of the tion, agreed, lhat it is better for people to didates expressed concern over the present tickets. He noted that the mayor's park- He also serves on the Yearbook Staff II Common Council slots, and system. stay in Summit rather than drive to limitation except Mr. Kent. He said he ing cqmmittee met this week to address and is a member of a church youth group. Councilman-at-Large replied to written , Donald Nelson, member of Common another town, that might have later wanted a 4 floor limitation for an attrac- the concerns of shoppers, and plan for a Along with working on these projects, questions from those in attendance rang- Council and running for Mayor, told the hours. tive retail design. "Forty eight feet is ar- possible takeover by the Chamber of the Evan also is thinking about his future and ing from elected board of education, ex- audience that a referendum in 1976 was 2- Carlile Marshall, Ward II candidate for tificial," he believes. DeForest lot not yet converted to Park & thai means acceptance in the college of his tension of hours of liquor sales, Overlook 1 in favor of an appointed board. II Council, agreed with the others, said the Overlook properly ownership outside Shop. choice. expansion, Park & Shop revenues, to need enables a "greater number of qualified city should take the advice of the Chief of PI /.one. Mr. Nelson noted that the tax Referendum on Collins Plan. Mr. High School student Luke Lester, now for a referendum on the Collins Plan. people willing to serve" ip be chosen, and Police. Marjorie Brown, candidate from burden of 25 Iving unils oulside the PI Hartlaub said that a referendum is not intending Cornell University, aptly There were still more questions, ones with an elective board, the budget must be Ward II for Council, opposes amending ^one for Overlook, has been placed en- necessary.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index Abulfeda crater chain (Moon), 97 Aphrodite Terra (Venus), 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 Acheron Fossae (Mars), 165 Apohele asteroids, 353–354 Achilles asteroids, 351 Apollinaris Patera (Mars), 168 achondrite meteorites, 360 Apollo asteroids, 346, 353, 354, 361, 371 Acidalia Planitia (Mars), 164 Apollo program, 86, 96, 97, 101, 102, 108–109, 110, 361 Adams, John Couch, 298 Apollo 8, 96 Adonis, 371 Apollo 11, 94, 110 Adrastea, 238, 241 Apollo 12, 96, 110 Aegaeon, 263 Apollo 14, 93, 110 Africa, 63, 73, 143 Apollo 15, 100, 103, 104, 110 Akatsuki spacecraft (see Venus Climate Orbiter) Apollo 16, 59, 96, 102, 103, 110 Akna Montes (Venus), 142 Apollo 17, 95, 99, 100, 102, 103, 110 Alabama, 62 Apollodorus crater (Mercury), 127 Alba Patera (Mars), 167 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), 110 Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz), 94 Apophis, 354, 355 Alexandria, 69 Appalachian mountains (Earth), 74, 270 Alfvén, Hannes, 35 Aqua, 56 Alfvén waves, 35–36, 43, 49 Arabia Terra (Mars), 177, 191, 200 Algeria, 358 arachnoids (see Venus) ALH 84001, 201, 204–205 Archimedes crater (Moon), 93, 106 Allan Hills, 109, 201 Arctic, 62, 67, 84, 186, 229 Allende meteorite, 359, 360 Arden Corona (Miranda), 291 Allen Telescope Array, 409 Arecibo Observatory, 114, 144, 341, 379, 380, 408, 409 Alpha Regio (Venus), 144, 148, 149 Ares Vallis (Mars), 179, 180, 199 Alphonsus crater (Moon), 99, 102 Argentina, 408 Alps (Moon), 93 Argyre Basin (Mars), 161, 162, 163, 166, 186 Amalthea, 236–237, 238, 239, 241 Ariadaeus Rille (Moon), 100, 102 Amazonis Planitia (Mars), 161 COPYRIGHTED
    [Show full text]
  • The Alkaline Volcanic Rocks of Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho and the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater, Mars Details
    The alkaline volcanic rocks of Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho and the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater, Mars Details Meeting 2016 Fall Meeting Section Planetary Sciences Session Terrestrial Analogs for Planetary Processes: Oceans, Volcanoes, Impacts, and Dunes I Identifier P31E-01 Authors Haberle, C W*, Mars Space Flight Facility, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States Hughes, S S, Idaho State University, Idaho Falls, ID, United States Kobs-Nawotniak, S E, Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Idaho Falls, ID, United States Christensen, P R, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States Index Sediment transport [4558] Terms Atmospheres [5405] Titan [6281] Venus [6295] Abstract Idaho's Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) is host to extensive expressions of basaltic volcanism dominated by non evolved olivine tholeiites (NEOT) with localized occurrences of evolved lavas. Craters of the Moon National Monument (COTM) is a polygenetic lava field comprised of more than 60 lava flows emplaced during 8 eruptive periods spanning the last 15 kyrs. The most recent eruptive period (period A; 2500-2000 yr B.P.) produced flows with total alkali vs. silica classifications spanning basalt to trachyte. Coeval with the emplacement of the COTM period A volcanic pile was the emplacement of the Wapi and Kings Bowl NEOT 70 km SSE of COTM along the Great Rift. Previous investigations have determined a genetic link between these two compositionally distinct volcanic centers where COTM compositions can be generated from NEOT melts through complex ascent paths and variable degrees of fractionation and assimilation of lower-middle crustal materials. The Mars Exploration Rover, Spirit, conducted a robotic investigation of Gusev crater from 2004-2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Habitability of hydrothermal systems at Jezero and Gusev Craters as constrained by hydrothermal alteration of a terrestrial mafic dike Journal Item How to cite: Costello, Lacey J.; Filiberto, Justin; Crandall, Jake R.; Potter-McIntyre, Sally L.; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Miller, Michael A.; Hummer, Daniel R.; Olsson-Francis, Karen and Perl, Scott (2020). Habitability of hydrothermal systems at Jezero and Gusev Craters as constrained by hydrothermal alteration of a terrestrial mafic dike. Geochemistry (Early access). For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2020 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125613 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Geochemistry xxx (xxxx) xxxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemer Habitability of hydrothermal systems at Jezero and Gusev Craters as constrained by hydrothermal alteration of a terrestrial mafic dike Lacey J. Costelloa,1, Justin Filibertob,*, Jake R. Crandallc, Sally L. Potter-McIntyrea, Susanne P. Schwenzerd, Michael A. Millere, Daniel R. Hummera, Karen Olsson-Francisd, Scott Perlf a
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Planet's Watery Past
    New observations by rovers and orbiters indicate that liquid water not only existed on Mars, it once covered large parts of the planet’s surface, perhaps for more than a billion years WATER FLOWS ACROSS the Martian surface in an artist’s rendering of how the Red Planet may have looked 2.5 billion to four billion years ago. Salt deposits along the water’s edge C REDI T appear purple in this twilight view. 62 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN DECEMBER 2006 COPYRIGHT 2006 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. RedThe Planet’s atery W Pastast BY JIM BELL y February 2005 the Mars Exploration Rover named Spirit had already spent more than a year in Gusev Crater, a two-kilometer-deep, Connecticut-size hole in the Red Planet’s surface. Because Gusev lies at the end of an ancient, dry river valley longer than the Grand Canyon, many of us on the rover’s mission team Bhad expected Spirit to fi nd evidence that the crater had been fi lled with water billions of years ago. On the fl at plains where the craft had landed, however, the rover found neither lake deposits nor other preserved signs that water had once fl owed inside Gusev. The rover’s photographs showed only dust and sand and bone-dry volcanic lava rocks. But everything changed once Spirit reached the slopes of the Columbia Hills, about 2.6 kilometers from the landing site. (Each of the hills is named after one of the seven astronauts who died in the space shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003.) As Spirit struggled to climb the western slope of Husband Hill, its wheels dislodged rocks and dug deep C REDI T tracks in the Martian soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweet Briar College Magazine – Spring 2019
    Dear Sweet Briar alumnae and friends, Friendship and family have been on my mind lately, and so I want to tell you about some new friends I’ve been making this semester. One of them is Ray, who is tall and smart and also known as Love Z, and the other is Blues, who is very personable and a wonderful teacher. My friendship with Ray has grown over time; frankly, I didn’t seem to make much of an impression on him at first. My friendship with Blues blossomed immediately; we seem to be simpatico. As I joked with Merrilee “Mimi” Wroten, the director of Sweet Briar’s acclaimed riding program, maybe I bonded faster with Blues because he’s rather short, and so am I. And if you haven’t already figured it out, Ray, a chestnut warmblood, and Blues, a gray quarter horse, are members of the College’s equine family, and along with Mimi, they’ve been teaching me how to ride. As Sweet Briar’s president, it’s vital for me to learn as much as I can about the Col- lege, its programs and its people. That’s why I taught a course in our inaugural three- week session in the fall of 2018; that’s why I have just instituted collegial gatherings of faculty and staff every Monday evening (called Sweet Briar Hour); and that’s why I’m taking riding lessons, so that I can better understand our equestrian program, its ac- complishments and its needs. Riding also gives me a connection with many members of our Sweet Briar family; a full third of our students identify as riders, whether for competition or recreation.
    [Show full text]
  • Visible-To-Near-Infrared Spectral Variability of Hydrated Sulfates and Candidate Mars Landing Sites
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Winter 2018 Visible-to-Near-Infrared Spectral Variability of Hydrated Sulfates and Candidate Mars Landing Sites: Implications for the Mastcam- Z Investigation on NASA’s Mars-2020 Rover Mission Darian Dixon Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Dixon, Darian, "Visible-to-Near-Infrared Spectral Variability of Hydrated Sulfates and Candidate Mars Landing Sites: Implications for the Mastcam-Z Investigation on NASA’s Mars-2020 Rover Mission" (2018). WWU Graduate School Collection. 638. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/638 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Visible-to-Near-Infrared Spectral Variability of Hydrated Sulfates and Candidate Mars Landing Sites: Implications for the Mastcam-Z Investigation on NASA’s Mars-2020 Rover Mission By Darian Dixon Accepted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Kathleen L. Kitto, Dean of the Graduate School ADVISORY COMMITTEE Chair, Dr. Melissa Rice Dr. Pete Stelling Dr. Michael Kraft MASTER’S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU.
    [Show full text]
  • The Surface of Mars Michael H. Carr Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87201-0 - The Surface of Mars Michael H. Carr Index More information Index Accretion 277 Areocentric longitude Sun 2, 3 Acheron Fossae 167 Ares Vallis 114, 116, 117, 231 Acid fogs 237 Argyre 5, 27, 159, 160, 181 Acidalia Planitia 116 floor elevation 158 part of low around Tharsis 85 floor Hesperian in age 158 Admittance 84 lake 156–8 African Rift Valleys 95 Arsia Mons 46–9, 188 Ages absolute 15, 23 summit caldera 46 Ages, relative, by remote sensing 14, 23 Dikes 47 Alases 176 magma supply rate 51 Alba Patera 2, 17, 48, 54–7, 92, 132, 136 Arsinoes Chaos 115, 117 low slopes 54 Ascreus Mons 46, 49, 51 flank fractures 54 summit caldera 49 fracture ring 54 flank vents 49 dikes 55 rounded terraces 50 pit craters 55, 56, 88 Asteroids 24 sheet flows 55, 56 Astronomical unit 1, 2 Tube-fed flows 55, 56 Athabasca Vallis 59, 65, 122, 125, 126 lava ridges 55 Atlantis Chaos 151 dilatational faults 55 Atmosphere collapse 262 channels 56, 57 Atmosphere, chemical composition 17 pyroclastic deposits 56 circulation 8 graben 56, 84, 86 convective boundary layer 9 profile 54 CO2 retention 260 Albedo 1, 9, 193 early Mars 263, 271 Albor Tholus 60 eddies 8 ALH84001 20, 21, 78, 267, 273–4, 277 isotopic composition 17 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer 232 mass 16 Alpha Proton-ray Spectrometer 231 meridional flow 1 Alpheus Colles 160 pressure variations and range 5, 16 AlQahira 122 temperatures 6–8 Amazonian 277 scale height 5, 16 Amazonis Planitia 45, 64, 161, 195 water content 11 flows 66, 68 column water abundance 174 low
    [Show full text]
  • Wang Et Al., 2008
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113, E12S40, doi:10.1029/2008JE003126, 2008 Click Here for Full Article Light-toned salty soils and coexisting Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills Alian Wang,1 J. F. Bell III,2 Ron Li,3 J. R. Johnson,4 W. H. Farrand,5 E. A. Cloutis,6 R. E. Arvidson,1 L. Crumpler,7 S. W. Squyres,2 S. M. McLennan,8 K. E. Herkenhoff,4 S. W. Ruff,9 A. T. Knudson,1 Wei Chen,3 and R. Greenberger1 Received 26 February 2008; revised 27 June 2008; accepted 29 July 2008; published 19 December 2008. [1] Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty soils vary substantially: with centimeter-scaled heterogeneities at Paso Robles, Dead Sea, Shredded, and Champagne-Penny, a well-mixed nature for light-toned soils occurring near and at the summit of Husband Hill, and relatively homogeneous distributions in the two layers at the Tyrone site. Aeolian, fumarolic, and hydrothermal fluid processes are suggested to be responsible for the deposition, transportation, and accumulation of these light-toned soils. In addition, a change in Pancam spectra of Tyrone yellowish soils was observed after being exposed to current Martian surface conditions for 175 sols. This change is interpreted to be caused by the dehydration of ferric sulfates on the basis of laboratory simulations and suggests a relative humidity gradient beneath the surface.
    [Show full text]
  • 44Th Annual Mt. Wilson Trail Race
    California Primary - Tuesday, June 8th - Don’t Forget to VOTE! SATURDAY JUNE 5, 2010 VOLUME 4 NO. 22 Winners! 44th Annual Mt. Wilson Trail Race Men’s Winner, Kevin Chaves, 24 of Pasadena. Women’s Winner, Sharon Pevsner, 41, of SIerra Kevin’s time was 58:50, a new trail record. Madre finished the race in 1:19:20. In 2009, Photo by Dave Felt Pevsner came in second place. Photo by Dave Felt The 44th Annual Mt. Wilson Trail race took place last Saturday as the town came out to cheer for almost 300 No. 103 - Priceless runners that decided to tackle the 8.6 mile course that Runner No. 103 crossed the finish line amidst reaches elevations of more than 2,100 feet. Runners of all chants of “Bill”, “Bill”, “Bill”, as people cheered ages took on the trail that has been run since the 1800’s. for Sierra Madre resident Bill Coburn, 51, as According the the race’s official website, “The Mt. Wilson he completed the race in 3:16:39. Coburn, Trail has been noted since 1840 as a packing and hiking Executive Director of the Sierra Madre trail which rises from Sierra Madre to the summit of Mt. Chamber, and his friends and well wishers Wilson eight miles away. were especially proud because on October 3, The Mt. Wilson Trail Race is sanctioned by the Athletic 2009, (10-3), he underwent quadruple By-Pass Congress and is considered to be one of the toughest of surgery. Preparing for the MWTR became a the “uphill” runs in the circuit.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights & Breakthroughs Contribution for American
    1 Highlights & Breakthroughs contribution for American Mineralogist on “Wishstone to Watchtower: 2 Amorphous alteration of plagioclase-rich rocks in Gusev crater, Mars” by Stephen W. Ruff and 3 Victoria E. Hamilton 4 5 Joshua L. Bandfield, Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 6 7 The Mars Exploration Rover “Spirit” provided us with a serendipitous opportunity to traverse a section 8 of the ancient martian crust, acquiring a trove of imaging, geochemical, and mineralogical 9 measurements along the way. This small window looking out on the Noachian period (>3.7 Ga), 10 dubbed the Columbia Hills, pokes out from the younger, volcanically resurfaced floor of Gusev Crater. 11 It was our first detailed look at early Mars, a time when liquid water appears to have played a much 12 more prominent role in shaping and modifying the planet than later in its history. 13 The abundance of rocks that appear to be snapshots from early in the history of Mars are a luxury 14 compared to the rarity and inevitable metamorphic overprinting of Hadean and early Archean samples 15 from Earth. However, few planetary surfaces of this age anywhere in the solar system escape the 16 disruption caused by impacts. In this sense, it is difficult to identify the geologic context of any given 17 sample or series of samples. Although what appears to be an outcrop of a draping volcaniclastic unit in 18 the Columbia Hills may still be in place, it is also possible for it to have been highly fractured, shocked, 19 and overturned (perhaps multiple times) as part of the ejecta blanket from an impact event (e.g., 20 McCoy et al., 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphic Relationships on Husband Hill, Mars
    42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) 1159.pdf STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS ON HUSBAND HILL, MARS. S. B. Cole, W. A. Watters, and S. W. Squyres, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 425 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, [email protected]. Introduction: The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit The purpose of this study is to test the hypotheses that has been exploring the Columbia Hills since mid-2004 1) the Cumberland Ridge outcrops form a stratigraphic (see Fig. 1). The formation of the Hills is uncertain; section, and 2) these units drape Husband Hill. they are hypothesized to be the overlapping rims of multiple craters, or the remains of a central peak or ring. It is not known whether the units visible along Spirit’s traverse are part of the original Columbia Hills edifice, or were deposited after the hills were uplifted. In the former case, outcrop bedding attitudes should conform to the local topography, while with the latter, their dips may be significantly steeper. Between sols 462 and 503, Spirit investigated three prominent outcrops, separated by ~5-15m, on Cumber- land Ridge, to the northwest of Tennessee Valley and the Husband Hill summit (see Fig. 2). The Methuse- lah, Jibsheet, and Larry’s Lookout outcrops were re- markable in their chemical similarity and mineralogical variation [1-4]. Outcrop exposures are rare in the Co- lumbia Hills. As localized bedrock exposures with visible bedding planes, Cumberland Ridge presents a Fig. 2: HiRISE image of Cumberland Ridge. Strikes and rare example of a potential stratigraphic section along dips, with error estimates, are indicated for the Methuselah Spirit’s traverse.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater: Mission Overview and Selected Results from the Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate, J
    Columbia Hills, Location 14.5478 S, 175.6255 E (lat,lon): MOLA128: -1.932 km Gusev Crater Summary of observations and interpreted history, including unknowns: Gusev crater formed around 3.9–4.1 billion years ago (Werner et al., 2008). The Columbia Hills may represent peak ring hills, intersecting rims of multiple craters, or eroded, possibly lacustrine fill. Subsequent geologic processes emplaced successive volcanics and possibly evaporites, draping over the Hills at dips of 7–30 degrees (McSween et al., 2008; McCoy et al., 2008; Ruff et al., 2014). Basaltic plains dated to 3.65 Ga onlap the Columbia Hills (Greeley et al., 2005). Multiple igneous rock units are present in the Columbia Hills, including high-alkali and high olivine materials and some tuffs or ashes (McSween et al., 2008). Several types of evidence of aqueous processes are preserved in rocks that have possible Al-phyllosilicates (Clark et al., 2007), Mg-Fe carbonates (Morris et al., 2010), and opaline silica (Squyres et al., 2008; Ruff et al., 2011). Near surface soil crusts have ferric sulfates, calcium sulfates, and silica (Arvidson et al., 2010). The silica-enriched rocks and ferric sulfate-bearing soils occur in and around the 80 m-diameter “Home Plate” volcaniclastic deposit. The presence of the Spirit rover represents a long duration exposure facility experiment, of potential value in human exploration. Key units are: the "Comanche" carbonate-bearing outcrops (~15-30 wt% Mg-Fe carbonate, plus olivine and an amorphous silicate), which has been interpreted to result from (a) hydrothermal alteration (Morris et al., 2010) or (b) evaporation of an ephemeral lake (Ruff et al., 2014).
    [Show full text]