Eighth International Conference on (2014) sess254.pdf

Monday, July 14, 2014 POSTER SESSION: MARS’ FIRST BILLION YEARS: I 4:00 p.m. Dabney Hall and Garden

Montmessin F. Lefèvre F. Korablev O. Fedorova A. Bertaux J.-L. Chaufray J.-Y. Chaffin M. Schneider N. Maltagliati L. Määttänen A. Trokhimovsky A. Highway to Space: The Direct Connection Between the Lower and the Upper Atmosphere of Mars Sheds a New Light on the History of Water [#1188] We present a synthesis of the decade-long Mars Express SPICAM observations in an attempt to assemble a single, coherent picture that has implications for the long-term evolution of water and hydrogen on Mars.

Curry S. M. Luhmann J. G. Ma Y. Dong C. F. Brain D. A. The Influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) on Atmospheric Escape at Mars [#1410] We present a study on the response of Mars’ atmosphere to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) configuration, specifically with respect to the atmospheric escape rate via pick up ions and upcoming MAVEN observations.

Brecht S. H. Ledvina S. A. Hybrid Particle Code Simulations of Mars: The Role of Crustal Magnetic Fields in Ionospheric Escape [#1274] Using the three dimensional hybrid particle code, the role of neutral winds in the escape of ionospheric ions is investigated. The results in terms of loss rates and interaction around the crustal magnetic fields will be presented.

Ledvina S. A. Brecht S. H. The Effect of Crustal Magnetic Field Orientation on Martian Ionospheric Loss [#1185] A hybrid particle code is used to examine the effects various crustal field orientations have on ionospheric erosion, ion loss rates and the martian solar wind plasma interaction.

Hu R. Kass D. M. Ehlmann B. L. Yung Y. L. Carbon Reservoir History of Mars Implied by the Stable Isotopic Signature in the Martian Atmosphere [#1266] Motivated by the MSL measurement, we develop a carbon reservoir and evolution model to trace the history of δ13C of Mars’s atmosphere.

Ramirez R. M. R. Kopparapu R. K. Zugger M. E. Z. Robinson T. D. R. Freedman R. F. Kasting J. F. K. Warming Early Mars with CO2 and H2 [#1008] We use a one-dimensional climate model to demonstrate that an atmosphere containing 1.3–4 bar of CO2 and water vapor, along with 5–20 percent H2, could have raised the mean surface temperature of early Mars above the freezing point of water.

Slipski M. Jakosky B. M. Evolution of Argon Isotopes in the Martian Atmosphere [#1021] We have modeled the evolution of argon isotopes in the atmosphere over 4.4 Gyr considering volcanic outgassing, sputtering via the solar wind, impact erosion and delivery, and crustal erosion. Obtained present-day values are compared to SAM results.

Quantin C. Craddock R. A. Lozac’h L. Martineau M. The Evolution of the Martian Atmosphere Inferred from Analyses of Crater Obliteration Rates [#1240] We inversed about 70 crater size distributions extracted from large areas on Mars to assess their obliteration history. The results reveal the crater obliteration rate over time and provide a direct constraint on the climatic evolution of early Mars.

Roush T. L. Brown A. Bishop J. L. Blake D. Bristow T. Modeling Laboratory Reflectance Spectra of Mixtures Using Optical Constants of Mars Candidate Materials [#1322] Optical constants of Mars candidate materials are derived and used to model reflectance spectra of laboratory mixtures.

Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess254.pdf

King S. J. Bishop J. L. Brown A. J. Spectral Properties of Ca-, Mg-, and Fe-bearing Carbonates and Implications for Mars [#1177] This study examines three major band centers of Ca-, Mg-, and Fe-bearing carbonates. Study of these carbonates and the spectral data it provides will enable more accurate determination of carbonate chemistry from remote sensing data on Mars.

Hardgrove C. Rogers A. D. Natural Micron-Scale Roughness of Chemical Sedimentary Rocks and Effects on Thermal Infrared Spectra [#1392] Microcrystalline minerals exhibit naturally rough surfaces on the micron-scale compared to their macrocrystalline counterparts. This roughness causes distinct thermal infrared spectral differences within the restrahlen bands of each mineral.

Gurgurewicz J. Mège D. Carrère V. Skiścim M. Can Information on the Martian Alteration Conditions be Inferred from the Near-Infrared Spectra? [#1215] In order to determine whether basalts altered in different environments have different spectral signatures, we analyzed the near-infrared spectra of terrestrial basalts from arid cold and arid hot environments.

Skiścim M. Gurgurewicz J. Mège D. Atomic Force Microscopy as a Tool to Identify Alteration Features in Basalts Exposed to Contrasted Climate Conditions and Implications for Mars [#1233] We investigate whether atomic force microscopy may be used to reveal differences in nanostructure reflecting temperature-dependent alteration processes.

Thomson B. J. Hurowitz J. A. Baker L. L. Bridges N. T. Lennon A. Paulson G. Zacny K. Mismatched Physical and Chemical Weathering of Rocks on Mars: Clues to Past Climate [#1315] Here we quantify the degree of weathering experienced by the -class basalts at the MER site by performing comparative analyses on the strength and chemistry of a series of progressively weathered Columbia River basalt samples.

Harner P. L. Gilmore M. S. Visible-Near Infrared Spectra of Hydrous Carbonates and Implications for Their Detection on Mars [#1415] We investigate the VNIR spectra and means for detection of a group of hydrated carbonates many of which lack characteristic carbonate absorptions and which exhibit spectral features common to other hydrated salts.

Duport L. G. Bastero S. F. Davila A. F. E. L. Lozano C. G. Fairen A. G. Long-Term Modeling of Oxidation Reactions in Anoxic Geochemical Environments: The Case of Mars [#1329] Beginning from an alkaline scenario we explore the coeval evolution of both acid-base and redox states in an ocean approaching circumneutral pH, through kinetic calculations, including halogen species (ClO-,HClO) and = 4+ – iron superoxides(FeO4 ,Fe =O2 ).

Pearson N. C. Calvin W. M. Spectroscopy of Carbonate Tufa and Travertine Deposits from the Western Great Basin [#1164] Reflectance spectra of carbonate tufa deposits from the western great basin are examined. The samples show absorptions mainly due to calcite, adsorbed water and in some samples hydrated silica.

Bonaccorsi R. Willson D. McKay C. P. Zent A. Valdre G. Friese R. Planetary Analog Research and Climate Change Monitoring in a Land of Extremes: The Ubehebe Volcanic Field, Death Valley, California [#1496] We report results from our Astrobiology Field Analog work under way at the UbehebeVolcanic Field (UVF) in Death Valley National Park.

Colantuono L. Baliva A. Lauro S. Mattei E. Marinangeli L. Pettinelli E. Seu R. Experimental Characterization of Dielectric Properties of Clay Materials Under Martian-Like Conditions [#1285] We analyzed the dielectric properties of natural clays at different frequencies and temperature and water content with a network TDR technique. This study can provide an important support to the interpretation of martian radar data.

Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess254.pdf

Bultel B. Klein F. Andréani M. Quantin C. Serpentinization and Carbonation on Mars: A Geochemical Modelling Approach [#1113] We use geochemical models to reproduce the alteration of typical martian rocks to assess the thermodynamical conditions that may have lead to the formation of Fe-Mg-phyllosilicates and carbonates, a common assemblage found in previous studies.

Losa-Adams E. Gil-Lozano C. Fairen A. G. Davila A. F. Duport L. G. Clues on Martian Weathering from Lithium Isotope Fractionation Models [#1364] In this work we discuss the different ways in which martian aqueous processes could lead to Li isotope fractionation, and their eventual incorporation into secondary minerals.

Hausrath E. M. Adcock C. T. Gainey S. R. Steiner M. H. Tu V. M. Experimental Evidence Suggests Significant Aqueous Alteration and Abundant Phosphorus Release on Mars [#1310] We present the effect of aqueous alteration, parent material, and redox state on clay formation with implications for , and show P release from martian minerals and P mobility in natural terrestrial and modeled martian environments.

Zhao Y. -Y. S. McLennan S. M. Halogen Geochemistry at the [#1378] A review of our current understanding of Cl and Br geochemistry at the martian surface, including bulk abundances of crust,measurements by missions, aqueous chemistry of Cl- and Br-, and atmospheric influences on halogen oxyanion phases.

Dehouck E. Chevrier V. Altheide T. S. Lozano C. G. Effects of SO2 vs Sulfides as a Source of Sulfur on the Weathering of Forsteritic Olivine [#1293] We present the preliminary results of a low-temperature weathering experiment of silicate minerals under SO2 atmospheres (either with H2O alone or with H2O + H2O2) and compare them with a similar experiment involving silicate/Fe-sulfide mixtures.

Wang Alian. Connor K. C. Stability Fields of Hydrous Ferrous Sulfates and Their Pathways in Dehydration-Rehydration Processes [#1070] We report a new set of data on stability field and phase transition pathways of hydrous ferrous sulfates in solid-vapor reactions, and compared them with those of hydrous Mg- and ferric-sulfates.

McCollom T. M. Hynek B. M. A Mineralogic and Geochemical Model for Formation of Layered Sulfate Deposits at by Acid-Sulfate Alteration [#1395] Reaction path models based on analog studies indicate that acid-sulfate alteration of martian basalt by SO2-bearing steam in a fumarole-like setting can explain the chemical and mineralogic composition of layered sulfate deposits in Meridiani Planum.

Szynkiewicz A. Vaniman D. T. Sulfur Cycling on Mars from a Perspective of Sulfur-Rich Terrestrial Analogs [#1204] Our goal is to use representative terrestrial S-rich analogs from arid and volcanic settings to summarize our knowledge about terrestrial S cycle and compare it to observed S deposition on Mars as a function of S source, sediment cycling, and climate condition.

Szynkiewicz A. Vaniman D. T. Goff F. Subia T. Sanchez D. Faiia A. M. Coleman J. Hydrological Sulfur Cycling in the Volcanic Complex of Valles Caldera, New Mexico — Geochemical Implications for Mars [#1206] To address the role of volcanic S on Mars, we have been studying the modern and past hydrological S cycle related to volcanic S emission and aqueous chemical weathering of the large terrestrial volcanic system of Valles Caldera, New Mexico.

Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess254.pdf

Pan L. Ehlmann B. L. Carter J. Ernst C. M. Probing the Northern Plains Stratigraphy with Impact Cratering [#1353] We integrate mafic and hydrated minerals detections within impact craters in the northern plains with estimated excavation depth, and seek to generate local and regional stratigraphic columns to understand the geologic history of the northern plains.

Pan L. Ehlmann B. L. Geology of the Eastern Margin of with Implications for Mars Dichotomy Modifications [#1273] Here we report Fe/Mg phyllosilicate detections at the eastern margin of Tempe Terra, exposed as a result of dichotomy erosional processes. These studies will shed light on the geology of Tempe Terra and the modification processes near dichotomy.

Ackiss S. E. Wray J. J. Occurrences of Possible Hydrated Sulfates in the Southern High Latitudes of Mars [#1040] The southern high latitudes have received little attention to date in the search for sulfates and other hydrated minerals. Here we examine 4 study regions in the –55° to –75° annulus band to constrain the nature of hydration.

Flahaut J. Bishop J. L. Fueten F. Quantin C. Thollot P. van Westrenen W. G. R. New Hydrated Phase Detections in : Insights into the Canyon’s Aqueous History [#1411] This paper presents a survey of the mineralogical diversity of the Interior Layered Depostis (ILDs) of Valles Marineris as seen with the high-resolution hyperspectral imager CRISM onboard MRO.

Thollot P. Mangold N. Le Mouélic S. Valles Marineris Sulfates: Updated OMEGA Mapping, Quantitative Analysis and Insights on the Origin of Sulfur [#1312] We present an updated regional mapping of monohydrated and polyhydrated sulfates in Valles Marineris ILDs. Using spectra of actual mixtures of a sulfate with unaltered basalt we infer the amount of sulfur in the ILDs and discuss implications.

Thollot P. Mangold N. Le Mouélic S. Extensive and Diverse Alteration Revealed in Using CRISM Data [#1314] We analyzed 113 CRISM cubes in Noctis Labyrinthus. We found 10 classes of alteration minerals including clays and sulfates, sometimes associated in the same setting. Fe and Al sulfates argue for acidic hydrothermal alteration.

Quinn D. P. Ehlmann B. L. Structural Constraints on the Origin of the Sulfate-Bearing Unit at Major [#1437] The hydrated stratigraphy at northeast Syrtis Major records changing surface conditions during the – transition. We use structural measurements to distinguish between possible formation mechanisms for the layered sulfate unit.

Noe Dobrea E. Z. Mest S. C. Chuang F. C. Crown D. A. Fluvial and Hydrothermal Deposits in the Circum-Hellas Region [#1261] Both fluvial and hydrothermal deposits are identified in the circum-Hellas region, with hydrothermal deposits associated to the uplifted crustal material from the Hellas impact, and layered fluvial deposits embaying it.

Allender E. J. Stepinski T. Unsupervised Mineralogical Mapping for Fast Exploration of CRISM Imagery [#1136] We propose an unsupervised analysis of CRISM TRDR imagery which generates maps displaying the locations of unique mineral classes and provides information for a posteriori interpretation of these classes.

Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess254.pdf

Pinet P. C. Fernando J. Daydou Y. D. F. Ceamanos X. Douté S. Scholten F. Gwinner K. Roatsch T. Hoffmann H. Jaumann R. First Spectrophotometric Imaging and Photometric Mapping of the Martian Surface Properties from Orbit (HRSC and CRISM) [#1242] Based on multi-angular HRSC and CRISM datasets, the surface photometric characteristics can be derived for mapping the variation of the soil/bedrock physical properties of Mars, expanding in situ photometric results obtained at the MER landing sites.

Cole S. B. Squyres S. W. Field Guide to Husband Hill, Crater [#1031] A virtual field trip following Spirit’s traverse across Husband Hill.

Cino C. D. McLennan S. M. Geochemical Constraints on the Presence of Clay Minerals in the Burns Formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars [#1259] Geochemical analysis of Burns formation sandstones and their residual silicate compositions after likely precipitate removal. This could provide insight into the possible presence of clays or their poorly crystalline or non-crystalline equivalents.

Parker T. J. Bills B. G. An Apron Around the Base of the Rim Inselbergs: Evidence of Coastal Processes at the Opportunity Landing Site [#1402] The Endeavour rim mountains are bounded by an apron of reworked surfaces and sediment onlaps resembling terrestrial lakeshores that are tilted into the crater.

Crumpler L. S. Athena M. E. R. New Era of In Situ Geologic Mapping on Mars: Stratigraphic Context of Ancient Aqueous Environments from Outcrop-Scale Observations [#1440] Rover missions have now begun the process of assessing the global climatic history of Mars from field geologic observations of outcrops. Preservation of information about past environments can occur in non-sedimentary settings.

Buczkowski D. L. Ackiss S. E. Seelos K. D. Murchie S. Seelos F. Malaret E. Hash C. Evidence for Multiple Layers of Phyllosilicate-Bearing Materials in Northwest Noachis Terra, Mars [#1356] A widespread phyllosilicate-bearing unit has been identified in NW Noachis Terra: Al-smectites comprise the upper member and Fe/Mg-smectites the lower. We present evidence of a second layer of Fe/Mg-smectite bearing materials above the Al-smectites.

Di Primio M. Gilmore M. Marinangeli L. Golder K. Past Water Activity in Ariadnes Colles on Mars [#1248] Ariadnes Colles, one of these chaotic terrains, is located in the southern highlands of Mars. We analyzed the topography, stratigraphy, morphology and mineralogy using MOLA, HRSC, CTX, MOC and HiRISE imagery together with hyperspectral data CRISM.

Powell K. E. Arvidson R. E. Ehlmann B. L. Fraeman A. A. Retrieval of Single Scattering Albedo Spectra for Mawrth Vallis Using CRISM Along-Track Oversampled Observations [#1360] We use radiative transfer modeling to retrieve single scattering albedos from CRISM ATO scenes of Mawrth Vallis. Spectra are indicative of smectites. Radiance coefficients and lab spectra are used to evaluate mineralogy and relative abundances.

Farrand W. H. Glotch T. D. Horgan B. Ferric and Possible Ferrous Sulfates in the Northern Mawrth Vallis Region of Mars [#1345] Some CRISM scenes in the northern Mawrth Vallis region have patches, occurring on top of the Al phyllosilicate unit, with spectral features consistent with ferrous, or mixed ferric/ferrous, sulfate minerals indicating the action of acidic waters.

Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess254.pdf

Bishop J. L. Rampe E. B. The Presence of Nanophase Al-Si-Fe Components at Mawrth Vallis Indicate Varying Environmental Conditions [#1265] The presence of nanophase allophane, opal and Fe-rich material at Mawrth Vallis together with multiple phyllosilicates indicate varying environmental conditions over time and also suggests regionally different aqueous environments.

Gilmore M. S. Golder K. B. Korn L. Aaron L. M. Carbonate Associated with Gullies in the Eridania Region of Mars [#1388] We find carbonates withing a crater in the Eridania region. CRISM spectra are consistent with a mixture of carbonate compositions. No other minerals are identified in the scene. We suggest gullies are weathering a Noachian-aged carbonate unit.

Baldridge A. M. Thomson B. J. Johnson S. S. Investigations of Phyllosilicate and Sulfate Layering in Intraplaya Deposits; Analogs for Martian Layered Deposits [#1365] Playa basins in WA provide an opportunity to study compositional variability in aqueous geochemistry and formation processes analogous to martian layered sediments and correlate remote sensing with in situ observations.

Wiseman S. M. Beyer R. A. Relative Timing of Phyllosilicate and Hydrated Sulfate Deposition in Eastern [#1352] Both Fe/Mg phyllosilicates and hydrated sulfates are associated with extensive indurated, layered deposits. We determine the relative timing of alteration. Phyllosilicates appear to be contained within a laterally continuous stratigraphic horizon.

Fox V. Arvidson R. Murchie S. Squyres S. Smectite Detections at Murray Ridge and Cape Tribulation, Mars, from Along-Track Oversampled CRISM Observations [#1154] Aluminous, ferric and magnesian smectites were identified along the rim of Endeavour crater in three major outcrops using CRISM hyperspectral data from enhanced spatial resolution along-track oversampled (ATO) observations.