Conserve O Gram
June 2001 Number 2/16
Chronology Of Pesticides Used On National Park Service Collections
The history of National Park Service pesticide use publication). Synonyms and trade names were policy for museum collection objects is obtained from the Merck Index, notes from the documented in various publications including IPM Coordinator, and two Internet sites Field Manual for Museums (Burns), Manual for (
The two accompanying charts list the types of The potential for pesticide residue remaining on pesticides that may have been used on National collection objects is very high. Objects with such Park Service collections along with some common residues pose a health risk to curatorial staff and synonyms and trade names. to the public who come into physical contact with them, unless proper precautions are taken. Dates shown in blue on the chart represent Additional information on health and safety issues published recommendations for the use of and protective measures can be found in the pesticides. Those shown in red refer to Museum Handbook, Part I, Chapter 8, and several conservation treatment reports and other file Conserve O Grams. notations that confirm the use of pesticides on specific objects or collections. References
While there is a strong probability that chemicals Burns, Ned J. Field Manual for Museums. recommended in NPS policy documents were used Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1941. with some frequency, few records exist for confirmation. It is also possible that some of the Coleman, Laurence V. Manual for Small chemicals were in use before the listed publication Museums. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1927. dates and that their use might have continued even after new pesticides were being recommended. Lewis, Ralph, H. Manual for Museums. The use of DDT in the 1970s is an example of the Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1976. latter; DDT was banned in 1972. _____. Museum Curatorship in the National Park With the exception of Swan Song (chemical Service 1904-1982. Washington, D.C.: National unidentified), the pesticides listed on the chart Park Service, 1993. prior to 1941 are from Lewis or Coleman (Coleman's book, published in 1927, was the main reference for NPS collections until Burns's 1941
National Park Service Conserve O Gram 2/16
National Park Service. "Chapter 3: Museum • Fort Davis National Historic Site, 1983 Collections." Museum Handbook, Part I. • Fort Donelson National Battlefield, 1986 Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1967. • Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 1992 • Mesa Verde National Park, 1988 _____. "Section XXIII: Museum Pests." IPM • Virgin Islands National Park, 1993 Information Manual. Washington, D.C.: National • Yellowstone National Park, 1997 Park Service, 1985. . Department of the Interior Museum: Notes from _____. "Museum Pests." Integrated Pest nd conservation treatment records in museum files. Management Manual. 2 ed.
• Katmai National Park and Preserve Additional Sources of Pesticide • Alaska Support Office Documentation: • Crater Lake National Park
• Bandelier National Monument Harpers Ferry Center: Conservation Treatment • Hubbell Trading Post National Historic records in the Office of the Registrar. Site • Harpers Ferry National Historic Park: Notes Fort Davis National Historic Site from conservation treatment records in park files. Pesticide Use Proposal System (PUPS) database Collection Management Plans from the following in the Integrated Pest Management Program parks: Office, Exotic Species Management and Ecosystem Restoration Branch, Biological • Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, Resource Management Division, National Park 1992 Service. • Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1980
• Bandelier National Monument, 1980
• Big Hole National Battlefield, 1990 Melanie Pereira, Intern • Everglades National Park, 1989 Barbara Hammond, Intern Museum Management Program National Park Service
The Conserve O Gram series is published as a reference on collections The series is distributed to all NPS units and is available to non-NPS management and curatorial issues. Mention of a product, a manufacturer, institutions and interested individuals by subscription through the or a supplier by name in this publication does not constitute an Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, endorsement of that product or supplier by the National Park Service. Washington, DC 20402; FAX (202) 512-2250. For further information Sources named are not all inclusive. It is suggested that readers also seek and guidance concerning any of the topics or procedures addressed in the alternative product and vendor information in order to assess the full range series, contact NPS Museum Management Program, 1849 C Street NW of available supplies and equipment. (NC 230), Washington, DC 20240; (202) 343-8142.
2 Chronology of Pesticides used on National Park Service Collections
• Arsenic used in 1941, 1949, 1956, 1958 to 1962, 1968 to 1970, and 1976.
• Baygone used from 1977 to 1978 and in 1980.
• Benzethonium Chloride used in 1941 and 1976.
• Benzol used in 1941.
• Boric Acid used from 1976 to 1979, 1983, 1986 to 1988, 1991 to 1992, 1996 to 1997 and 2000.
• Camphor Gum used in 1941.
• Carbon disulfide used from 1926 to 1941.
• Carbon tetrachloride used in 1941.
• Chloroform used in 1941.
• Chlordane used in 1967, 1969, 1972 to 1974, 1976, and from 1979 to 1980. Heavy use in 1973.
• Chloretone used in 1941.
• Chlorpyrifos used from 1978 to 1979 and 1983 to 1985.
• Combat used in 1996.
• Contrac Rat and Mouse Bait used in 1997.
• Copper 8 quinolate used from 1974 to 1975.
• Cuprinol Clear used in 1961, 1978, and 1988.
• Cyanide used in 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1977.
• DDT used in 1967, 1975, and 1977.
• Diazinon used from 1978 to 1980.
• Dichlorvos used in 1971, 1977, and from 1979 to 1991.
• Dowfume 5, or 75% ethylene dichloride and 25% carbon tetrachloride, used in 1941, from 1950 to 1970, and in 1985. Heavy use in 1967.
• Dri-Die used in 1969, 1975, and 1980.
• Drione used from 1984 to 1988.
• Ethion used in 1997.
• Ethylene dichloride used in 1941 and 1967.
• Ethylene oxide used from 1975 to 1976, 1978 to 1980, 1984, and in 1999. Pesticide Chronology • Formalin used in 1963, 1967, 1971, 1972, and 1976.
• Hydrocyanic acid gas used in 1941.
• Lexol used from 1967 to 1970 and 1974.
• Lindane used in 1976.
• Malathion used in 1979.
• Mercuric chloride used in 1941 and from 1970 to 1980.
• Methyl Bromide used in 1999.
• Methyl formate, the carbon dioxide mix, used in 1941.
• Naphthalene used in 1941, 1963, 1982 to 1987, 1989, 1994, and 1999.
• Orkin aid 4E used in 1978.
• Ortho-dichlorobenzene used in 1941.
• Paradichlorobenzene (PDB) used in 1927, 1939, 1941 to 194, 1967 to 1969, 1976 to 1990, and 1996 to 1997. Heavy use in 1983, 1984, and 1987 to 1990.
• Paranitrophenol used in 1970 and 1973 to 1976. Heavy use in 1974.
• Pentachlorophenol used in 1965, 1972, 1974, and 1975.
• Permethrin used from 1997 to 1999.
• Phenol used in 1941.
• Potassium cyanide used in 1941.
• Premise 75 used in 1997.
• Pyrethrins used in 1939, 1941, 1943, 1984 to 1989, and 1997 to 1998.
• Pyrethrum used in 1939, 1941, 1942, 1985, and 1997. Heavy use in 1941.
• Quintox mouse seed used from 1997 to 1998.
• Recruit used from 1997 to 1998.
• Roach Rid used in 1997.
• Rozol used in 1986.
• Sodium fluoride used in 1941.
• Swan Song used in 1939 and 1949.
• Thymol used from 1935 to 1941, 196, 1976 to 1977, 1989 to 1990, and 1993.
• Vikane used in 1979, 1985 to 1987, and 1998 to 1999.
• Warfarin used in 1984 and 1987.
• Zinc Chloride used in 1941.
Chronology ofPesticides Usedon NationalPark ServiceCollections Synonyms and Trade Names of Pesticides National ParkServiceConserveO
Arsenic arsenical soap Baygone o-isopropoxyphenyl n- Bifex Blattanex Invisi-Gard Propyon Suncide Sendran methyl-carbamate Benzethonium Hyamine 1622 hemerol chloride Phemeride Phemithyn Quatrachlor Solamin BZT Chloride Benzol cyclohexatriene benzene coal naptha Boric Acid Perma Dust PT240 It Works Drax Ant Kill BoraCare JECTA BORID Ultracide Camphor Gum 2-camphanone 2-boranone Japan Formosa camphor laurel camphor Chigarid camphor Carbon disulfide dithiocarbonic carbon anhydride bisulfide Carbon Benzinoform Freon 10 Halon 104 Tetraform Tetrasol Necatorina tetrachloride Chloroform trichloromethane methyl trichloride formyl trichloride methane R 20 trichloroform trichloride Chlordane Velsicol 1068 Toxichlor Niran Octachlor OrthoKlor Corodane Synklor Chloretone acetone chloraform chlorbutol Methaform Sedaform Chlorpyrifos O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6- chlorpyrifos Dowco 179 Dursban Lorsban Pyrinex trichloro-2 pyridyl ethyl phosphorothioate Combat hydramethylnon Amdro Maxforce Pyramdron Wipeout Amidino- hydrazone Contrac Rat and Bromodiolone Bromone Super-caid Maki Ratimus Tamogam Boldo Mouse Bait Copper-8-quinolate oxine-copper Culinate Dokrin Fruitdo Milmer 1 Dormycin Bioquin Cuprinol Clear #20 copper naphthenate copper salts CNC Troysan WILTZ 65 Wittox-C Copper-Nap-All Cyanide cyanides isocyanide DDT Dichlorodiphenyltri- Dicophane Agritan Gesapon Gesarex Citox Detox chloroethane Diazinon phosphorothioic acid G-24480 Basudin Diazol Garden Tox Sepctracide Drop Dead
Insect Spray 2/16 Gram Dichlorvos dichlorophos Shell No-Pest Vapona Dichlorman DDVP Nuvan Astrobot Strips
5
Conserve O Gram 2/16NationalParkServic Conserve OGram 6 Dowfume 75 or 75% carbon tetrachloride dichloroethane ethylene dichloride with EDC mixture with and 25% carbon tetrachloro- tetrachloride methane Dri-die silica aerogel with ammonium flucosilicate Drione piperonyl butoxide Staffel’s Ant and D-Con Crawling with silica Roach Killer Bug Killer Ethion diethion ENT 24105 Niagra 1240 Nialate FMC 1240 Dormant 6E Ethanox
Chronology ofPesticides Used on National Park Service Collections oil spray Ethylene dichloride 1,2-Dichlororethane ethylene chloride EDC Dutch Liquid Brocide Ethylene oxide Anprolene Oxirane Formalin Formaldehyde Formol Morbicid solution Hydrocyanic acid Prussic acid formonitrile Cyclon gas Lexol Neats Foot Lindane gamma hexachlor Amparasin Gammalin Jacutin Kwell Lindafor Novigan Malathion o,o-dimethylphosphoro- Maldison Cythion Chemathion malacide, Malaspray Lice Rid thioatee malthion Mercuric chloride mercuric bichloride corrosive mercury corrosive Fungchex TL 898 sublimate perchloride mercury chloride Methyl Bromide monobromothane bromoethane Embafume Methyl formate- formic acid methyl carbon dioxide mix ester Naphthalene napthalene coal tar camphor napthalin moth flakes moth balls white tar Mighty 150 Orkin aid4E Diazinon with xylenes Ortho- Dichloricide DCB Chloroben Dowtherme Termitkil Dilantin db dichlorobenzol dichlorobenzene Paradichloro- PDB Paracide Para-zene Di-chloridide Paramoth Evola Global benzene (PDB) Paranitrophenol mononitrophenol 4-Nitrophenol 4-hydroxynitro- Niphen PNP e benzene
Chronology of PesticidesUsedonNational ParkServiceCollections National ParkService Pentachlorophenol Mystox PCP Dowcide 7 Permethrin Ambush Ectiban Pounce Dragnet FT NIA 33297 NRDC 143 Permanone Phenol carbolic acid phenic acid phenylic acid hydroxy- oxybenzene benzene Potassium cyanide potassium salt hydrocyanic acid
Premise 75 Imidacloprid Confidor 2 NTN 33893 Admire Merit Gaucho Pyrethrins TRI-DIE PT 230 Firmotox Drione (with pyrethrum Buhach (with piperonyl butoxide piperonyl and silica) butoxide) Pyrethrum 99+ pyrethrins pyrenone Buhach Quintox mouse Cholecalciferol vitamin D3 dehydro- Calciol Deparal seed chloesterol Recruit Hexaflumuron NAF 46 Sonet DE 473 Roach Rid orthroboric acid boracic acid Borofax Kill-Off trihydroxyborane Rozol chlorophacinone Caid Drat Liphadione Quick Raviac Sodium Fungol B Roach Salt Flordine sodium Florocid disodium natrium fluoride fluoride monofluoride difluoride Swan Song none Thymol isopropyl cresol Ro-Pel methyl-2- isopropyl-1- phenol Vikane sulfuryl fluoride Termafume Warfarin Rodex D-Con Ratox Marevan Rosex Solfarin Coumarin Zinc Chloride zinc butter zinc dichloride Pyresote wood preservative Conserve OGr am 2/16 am 7