The Family Tree Searcher

Volume 17 - Number 2 December 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Editor’s Page ...... 2

Gloucester Hall ...... 3 By A. J. Pate

“Free Negroes” and “Mulattoes” of Gloucester County and the Tidewater Area of Prior to 1800 ...... 14 By Wayne K. Driver

The 5th Virginia During the ...... 22 By Doug Fitchett

John Clayton’s Home ...... 27 By Wesley Greene

Introduction by Thane Harpole

Alumni of Gloucester Public High Schools, 1909-1922 ...... 33 By L. Roane Hunt

Insurance Photographs of Gloucester County School Buildings ...... 48 Submitted by Lee Brown

GGSV Publications Available by Mail Order ...... Inside back cover

Visit the website for Gloucester Genealogical Society of Virginia at http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vaggsv/ [email protected]

The Editor’s Page— This issue raises several questions for our readers. Does anyone know where the homes of John Clayton and John Pate might have been? We continue to hope that someday someone will report a pile of bricks or pottery that will solve these mysteries. And what more can anyone say about graduates of the Gloucester school system – people who will be the ancestors that future generations will be researching? We don’t only want to raise questions, of course. In this issue you can read about the lives of free families of African heritage before our Civil War and the lives of cavalrymen during a Civil War battle campaign. We hope that some of the people or some of the experiences written about in this issue can bring you to a better understanding of the lives of your ancestors and the people they knew. Speaking of botanist John Clayton, Gloucester recently hosted a celebration of the publication of Flora Virginica , a guide to 3,164 Virginia plant species that follows in the footprints of the work of Clayton and the publication, in 1762, of Flora Virginica . In October, Gloucester was also the site of the second reenactment of the Battle of the Hook, a Gloucester engagement that preceded the surrender in Yorktown of British forces during our Revolutionary War. Once again, the event was a huge success, drawing both spectators and reenactors (photo below). I hope everyone who is interested in local history got out to Warner Hall to enjoy the action. The Flora Virginica and the Battle of the Hook are but two examples of the contributions of the people of an earlier Gloucester county and reminders that we should never forget them.

Lee Brown, Editor

Vol. 17, No. 2 2 December 2013

Gloucester Hall

The Pate Men who Owned the Plantation and its Historical Significance in Colonial Virginia

This article is based on remarks during the dedication of the Gloucester Hall historical marker on October 26, 2012, expanded for publication.

By A. J. Pate ,

The Pate Men of Gloucester Hall The story of Gloucester Hall begins with four generations of Pate men who once owned this land and lived in this house. These men were descendants of the ancient Pate family of Leicestershire, England, whose surname traces back to the 1100s, even before surnames were widely adopted. This family was the beneficiary of close association with Henry VIII and later royalty. They owned two grand manor houses near Melton Mowbray, perhaps built in the 1400s and enduring into the early 1700s. The Pate family was very prominent in Gloucester County, Virginia, in its early history from at least 1650 to 1706, though today no trace of the family name remains. Why did three Pate men leave privileged lives in their homeland to emigrate to the strange new world of colonial Virginia? We must put their actions within the historical perspective of tremendous religious and political turmoil in England. In those dangerous and unsettled times, persons who supported the losing side were at great risk of losing not only their wealth, but also their own lives. Those continual conflicts and upheavals had so destabilized England that adventurous young men readily accepted the challenges of creating a new life in the colonies.

Richard Pate Richard Pate was the first person of the Pate surname to emigrate from England to the colony of Virginia. He was born in 1601 in London and came to Virginia about 1636. Nothing further is known of his life until 1650. In that year, he and Wingfield Webb were granted a patent of land for 1,141 acres for transporting 23 people from England to the colony. In time, Richard Pate became the sole owner of the land. This was a historic patent in Gloucester County. The House of Burgesses had summoned settlers from north of the York River and did not reopen this country again for settlement until late 1649. The patent issued to Richard Pate in late 1650 was one of the first and largest granted after the area was reopened. This was the first patent issued in Virginia with a reference to the Poropotank River or Creek. And it was two years later before the name Gloucester County first appeared in official records.

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In 1653, the year following Family of Edward Pate formation of Gloucester County, Richard Pate was elected to the Edward Pate, b. 1560, d. bef 1625 House of Burgesses, one of the first +m. Anne Blount, b. ~ 1562, d. 1640 four men to represent the county as Richard Pate , b. 1601, d. 1657 a burgess. There is no record that Richard Pate ever married. When he Thomas Pate, b. 1596, d. 1644 died in 1657, the plantation was +m. Margaret Jones, b. ~ 1597, d. aft 1651 inherited by his nephew, John Pate. Col. John Pate , b. ~ 1630, d. 1672 +m. (wife unknown, no children) Col. John Pate Edward Pate, b. ~ 1632, d. ~ 1700 John Pate was born about 1630 +m. (wife unknown) in London. He had been educated as Col. Thomas Pate , b. ~ 1652, d. 1703 a lawyer in England, earning an MA +m. Elizabeth ? degree from Oxford. Coming from a John Pate , b. 1677, d. 1706 family of royalists, he emigrated to +m. (wife unknown) Virginia in 1651, following the Sarah Pate, b. ~ 1705, d. 1783 execution of Charles I by Parliament +m. Col. Wilson Cary, b. 1702, d. 1772 in 1650. He seems to have Col. Wilson Miles Cary, b. 1730, d. 1817 emigrated with the prospect of +m. Sarah Blair, b. 1738 assisting in the establishment of the Elizabeth Cary Pate plantation in Gloucester and +m. Rev. Bryan Lord Fairfax was likely appointed administrator Sarah Cary of his Uncle Richard Pate’s estate by +m. George William Fairfax the Council of State. In any case, he Elizabeth Pate, bapt. 1680 inherited the plantation and soon Mary Pate, bapt. 1684 increased its size by 1,000 acres, in Mathew Pate, bapt. 1687 addition to acquiring several +m. Anne Read, m. ~ 1710 thousand acres elsewhere in William Pate, bapt. 1690 Virginia. In 1660, he was appointed Justice of the Peace in Gloucester County by the Council of State. He was also appointed by the Council as administrator of a number of estates. Between his plantation revenues, legal work, and income from various political offices, John Pate became a very wealthy man. In November 1671, he was sworn in as a member of the Council of State by Governor Berkeley, joining the elder Nathaniel Bacon on the Council. The Council of State was composed of ten to twelve of the colony's wealthiest and most influential men. These were lifetime appointments by the British Crown. He had earned the military rank of in the Gloucester County militia by 1672. It can be safely concluded that John Pate built Gloucester Hall in the mid-1600s. This was a very prosperous period for Virginia's tobacco planters, and particularly for John Pate. The building may even have become necessary because a major hurricane hit Virginia in November 1667, including Gloucester County. Thomas Lowell sent a letter to the governor stating that no plantation escaped ruin and at least 10,000 houses were blown down. When Col. John Pate died in 1672, his nephew Thomas Pate was appointed administrator of his “considerable estate” by the Council of State. John Pate had a wife in England, but she did not join him in Virginia. There is no record that they had any children.

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Col. Thomas Pate Thomas Pate was born about 1650, son of a prominent London merchant Edward Pate, who was a brother of Col. John Pate of Virginia. Thomas Pate emigrated to Virginia in 1672, shortly before the death of his uncle. Of the pages still existing of the vestry book of Petsworth Parish, Thomas Pate is listed on the first page as a vestryman and warden. He served as a vestryman from 1677 until 1684. It is unknown how long he may have served since pages are missing prior to 1677 and from 1684 to 1690. Thomas Pate had earned the military rank of colonel in the Gloucester County militia in 1678. Thomas Pate was elected to represent Gloucester County in the House of Burgesses in 1684. In 1686, the Earl of Rochester, Lord High Treasurer of England, appointed Thomas Pate as Collector of the Plantation Duty for the colony, replacing Phillip Ludwell. Later that same year, Governor Howard appointed him Collector of Customs for the York River. Thomas started ferry operations on the York River about 1690 before Yorktown was founded as a port in 1691. The ferry operated between Tindall’s Point (now Gloucester Point) and Yorktown. On March 24, 1694, he received licenses to operate a ferry and to keep an ordinary at Yorktown, likely the first person there to operate both. On January 24, 1699, Thomas' ferry license was renewed “at the usual place, commonly called by the name of the Well,” which was “where the ships usually watered” and where his ordinary was located, a prime location for trade from both land and sea travelers. How Thomas divided his time between his Gloucester plantation and his businesses in Yorktown is not known. From the port of Yorktown, he could monitor tobacco production from his plantation as it was loaded on ships and with his father as a London The memorial marker at the original York Parish Church. merchant could have engaged in other importing/exporting activities. He had certainly learned the business from his office as Collector of Customs for York River in 1686, five years before the founding of the port of Yorktown. On August 11, 1699, Thomas purchased Lot 42 in Yorktown from the trustees. Lot 42 was on Main Street at the corner of Read, one of only three streets connecting Main Street

Vol. 17, No. 2 5 December 2013 Gloucester Hall to Water Street along the York River. The law establishing trustees for the sale of lots required building on the lots within four months, and by December (or early in 1700), Thomas built his house. This lot is the site of the Cole Digges house, now thought to have replaced the Pate house ca. 1720. The year 1690 was likely a pivotal year for Thomas – he started operating a ferry at Tindall’s Point, and his youngest son William was born. William may have died as a small child, perhaps an infant, because there is no further mention of him in records after his baptism. It is probable that Thomas commuted rather often while his oldest son, John, was a teenager, not building his house in Yorktown until 1699 when John was 22 years old, an adult, and capable of managing the plantation. Perhaps in bad health, he put John in charge of the plantation when he had become a responsible adult and Thomas’ entreprenurial activities in Yorktown were proving lucrative and providing a steadier income than crops. Upon his death in Yorktown in 1703, Thomas gave the Yorktown lot and home to Joane Lawson, who had worked for him (probably at his ordinary) since 1696. His estranged wife, Elizabeth, filed suit to claim the property, but the suit was denied. A memorial plaque commemorating the accomplishments of Col. Thomas Pate is in the historic cemetery of the original York Parish Church (now Grace Episcopal Church). It is mounted next to the gravestone of George Read, Secretary of the Colony and member of the Council of State, who was a grandfather of Anne Read, wife of Thomas’ son Matthew, and a great-great-grandfather of George Washington.

John Pate, son of Col. Thomas Pate John Pate inherited the 2,100-acre Gloucester Hall plantation when Thomas died. Scholarly books that he owned suggest that John was well-educated. He was elected to the vestry of Petsworth Parish in 1705. In 1706, the Council of State appointed him as a Justice of the Peace for Gloucester County. Tragically, he died in that same year, only 29 years old. John Pate was the last Pate man to own Gloucester Hall, apparently dying with no male heirs. His only known child, Sarah Pate, was an infant when he died, and it is assumed that she inherited the plantation. John had younger siblings: Elizabeth, baptized 1680; Mary, baptized 1684; Matthew, baptized 1687; and William, baptized 1690. Matthew married Anne Read about 1710. Anne was the daughter of Francis Read of another prominent and wealthy Gloucester family and niece of Benjamin Read, who had owned the land at the site of Yorktown. Anne’s grandfather was George Read, as noted above. Since Matthew had married into a wealthy family, it is unlikely that he remained at Gloucester Hall after marriage. No records have been found to tell us what happened to John’s other siblings, his wife, or his mother after John’s death. John’s young widow probably remarried. Did she and her daughter stay at Gloucester Hall, perhaps with a new husband and step-father? Or was the house let to someone else who managed the plantation, perhaps one of John’s siblings? Or did the house sit idle and begin to fall into disrepair? Sarah Pate married Col. Wilson Cary about 1728. He was the son of Miles Cary and heir of a notable and wealthy family. He owned the Richneck Plantation of 4,000 acres and

Vol. 17, No. 2 6 December 2013 Gloucester Hall the Ceely’s plantation of 2,000 acres, both on the Lower Peninsula. The mansion on the Ceely’s plantation was built in 1706 and is thought to have been the home of Wilson and Sarah after their marriage. Once Sarah married and began living on the Lower Peninsula, there was no longer any need for Gloucester Hall as a residence. It likely had fallen into disrepair before the 1744 grant, since it was not mentioned in the survey commissioned by Wilson Cary.

Historical Events at Gloucester Hall The historical events which occurred at Gloucester Hall give it a very special significance in the history of Virginia, a unique set of inter-related events with multi- layered ironies. The first major event at Gloucester Hall was the death of the rebel, Nathaniel Bacon, on October 26, 1676. His death, at only age 29, effectively ended Bacon's Rebellion. This rebellion is one of the most controversial events in Virginia's history, and scholars still debate its place and significance in American history. Bacon had seized the area around Gloucester Hall as a camp for his army. The house was a strategic location with a high vantage point near vital crossroads. When he became deathly ill, Col. Thomas Pate provided shelter for him in Gloucester Hall for humanitarian reasons, if for no other. They were certainly acquaintances, if not friends. However, there is no evidence that Thomas Pate was complicit in Bacon’s Rebellion. Rather, to the contrary, an official report on the rebellion ordered by Charles II, while referring to Bacon’s death at Thomas Pate's home, implied no guilt to that association. Final proof of his innocence is the fact that only eight years later in 1684, the royal governor made Gloucester Hall his semi-official residence. In an ironic twist of fate, this circumstance was necessary because the rebel Bacon had burned down the governor's mansion in the capital of Jamestown. Due to this lack of a formal official residence for the new governor of Virginia, Baron Francis Howard, he would need to locate a suitable alternative. This need was met by his friend, Edward Pate, a prominent merchant in London. His son was Col. Thomas Pate whose home of Gloucester Hall was provided for the governor and his family. Shortly after the governor arrived in February, 1684, the Council of State met at Gloucester Hall, where he was sworn in as governor, his oath being administered by the president of the Council, Nathaniel Bacon the elder. The two Nathaniel Bacons were cousins. The elder Bacon had served on the Council of State with Col. John Pate. The younger Bacon had only arrived in Virginia in 1674, but was appointed to the Council in the following year, joining the elder Bacon on the Council. They served together for a year until the rebel Bacon was removed for his actions. Strangely enough, these cousins were also cousins of both Governor Berkeley and his wife. Governor Howard's wife, Lady Philadelphia, joined him at Gloucester Hall in December, 1684. Sadly, she died there in August, 1685, only 30 years old, perhaps due to complications resulting from scurvy incurred on the voyage. Her body and their children were returned to England. After his wife's death, Governor Howard began spending some time at Rosegill, the home of Ralph Wormeley. A French visitor to Virginia noted that the governor ate in the afternoon at Gloucester Hall, writing that, "This is the only meal he takes regularly at home, the others at Monsieur Wormeley’s."

Vol. 17, No. 2 7 December 2013 Gloucester Hall

1744 survey of Pate property granted to Wilson Cary.

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Description of Gloucester Hall Unfortunately, there are no sketches or detailed descriptions of Gloucester Hall. But we know two major facts for certain: one, Gloucester Hall was an elegant and suitable residence for an English baron who had been appointed governor of Virginia by King Charles II; and two, the home and other quarters were sufficient for the baron, his wife, children, and their servants, a total of at least eighteen people. When Governor Howard arrived at Gloucester Hall, his entourage included his aunt and five-year-old daughter accompanied by at least four male and two female servants. His wife's arrival had been delayed due to her pregnancy. When she arrived ten months later, she brought three more of their children, along with a page and four maids. Further descriptions of the house are very sparse and are only available from the personal letters written by the governor to his wife in England. In his first letters after arrival, he seemed very gratified by the accommodations provided him by Col. Thomas Pate. He wrote that he was "very well pleased with the place." In his first days there, he wrote that about 200 people visited him and that the house was a "Continuall Court." He wrote that Gloucester Hall was the best house that he had yet seen in the colony. We know that he had already visited Green Spring, the former home of Gov. Berkeley, and Rosegill, the home of Ralph Wormeley. He mentioned that there was a drawing room for her, and he advised her to bring curtains from the great parlor in their home, noting that the parlor windows in Gloucester Hall were larger than theirs. He also mentioned "a very pritty Garden" where he enjoyed walking with his daughter. We know from the vestry book of Petsworth Parish that Thomas Pate had been paid to plaster and whitewash the inside walls and ceiling of the new Poplar Spring Church. We can only assume this skill was learned by plastering his own home of Gloucester Hall.

Construction Date and Location No document has been found that tells us the date of construction of Gloucester Hall or its precise location. Richard Pate acquired the first 1,141 acres in 1650, and another 1,000 acres was acquired after his nephew, John Pate, arrived in 1651. The large acreage had to be cleared, tobacco planted, and income generated. Richard died in 1657, but since the construction of the house is traditionally associated with John, it probably was not completed and perhaps not even started during Richard’s lifetime. John died in 1672 having achieved a prominence that demanded the sort of home that was Gloucester Hall. Though some house must have been present in the 1650s, it seems likely that the construction of the impressive Gloucester Hall probably followed soon after the devastating hurricane of November, 1667, and was likely in use by 1671 when John Pate was appointed to the Council of State. When Nathaniel Bacon died there in 1676, the house was already known for its elegance. Wilson Cary, husband of Sarah Pate, was granted 1,906 acres in 1744, which included the 1,141 acres that had been in the Pate family since 1650. The recorded grant states: “Eleven hundred and forty one acres part thereof being formerly granted unto Wingfield Webb and Richard Pate gent. by Letters Patent under the Seal of our Colony of Virginia bearing Date the twelfth Day of December one thousand six hundred and fifty and by divers meane conveyances the Right of Title thereof is become vested in the said Wilson Cary and the residue never before granted.”

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It is probable that the survey of the Cary grant of 1744 was to establish the actual metes and bounds of the Pate patent of 1650. It resulted in new lines for the plantation’s boundaries that included far more acreage than originally estimated, thus the note that “the residue [of 765 acres had] never before granted.” Since the additional acreage had apparently never been claimed by other parties, it must have been assumed that it was all part of the Pate plantation over those 94 years, based on tradition and long use. Thus the grant became the official recognition of the dimensions of the Pate plantation. The Pate patent had been delineated by references to descriptive geographical features (trees, swamps, creeks, etc. as markers), some of which had disappeared and the appearance of others greatly changed over the course of 94 years. In contrast, the Cary grant was described by more precise metes and bounds. According to Dave Brown of the Fairfield Foundation, it was a frequent occurrence in early descriptive patents and grants that actual acreage would exceed stated or estimated acreage when more precise surveys were made subsequently, especially when an original patent had incorporated swamps, heavy forests, streams, and hills. All evidence appears to indicate that the Cary grant was in fact a survey of the Pate plantation as it was then known to exist. Stephen Fonzo of the Fairfield Foundation has overlaid the boundaries of the 1744 Cary grant onto a contemporary topographic map (see map). The earlier 1650 patent was roughly a rectangle, 3,960 by 12,556.5 feet enclosing 1,141 acres, without taking into account the meanders of the various streams, which the surveyors would not have attempted at that time. In 1744, there was an actual survey. The 1,909 acres in the contemporary overlay is only 3 acres off from the surveyor’s calculation of 1,906 acres. The boundaries follow Woods Mill Swamp (“Pate's Swamp/Main Run of the Easternmost Branch of the Poropotank River”) on the west, another branch of the Poropotank River and Old Woods Mill Road (probably earlier known as Pate’s Mill Road) on the south, and Woods Cross Road on the east. Given that there was a swamp on the west, some imprecise or confusing boundary lines would be expected. The 1744 survey, which contained detailed metes and bounds, was not perfect as the boundary lines do not close completely on the southwest corner. However, it remains a useful illustration of the overall extent and shape of the property in the mid-eighteenth century. Near the southwest corner of this plat is the likely location of Pate’s Mill and landing. The Vestry Book of Petsworth Parish has many related references to Pate’s Mill Swamp, Pate’s Mill, Pate’s Mill Dam, and Pate’s Quarter. Col. Pate’s landing, presumably in that same area, was probably used for shipping tobacco. Gov. Howard, in a letter to Lady Philadelphia prior to her departure from England, wrote “Be at a Certainty with your Captain to deliver you, and your things at Mr. Pates his Landing which is above York River into the Bargaine else it will Cost a great deal to doe it here, and perhaps not get it done neither therefore forget not this be sure, and to tell Mr. Pate.” (Apparently referring to Edward Pate of London, family friend and father of Col. Thomas Pate.)

Vol. 17, No. 2 10 December 2013 Gloucester Hall

The Search Continues Today, the search continues for the precise location of Gloucester Hall. It is my hope that the new historic marker will generate an interest and awareness among the people in this area, especially those who now live on parcels of land carved out of the Pate plantation. Maybe someday a farmer plowing his fields will find broken pieces of brick and stone of Gloucester Hall. Or a hunter tramping through the woods may stumble over long- forgotten gravestones. Or maybe a young schoolboy, imagination fired by this marker, will begin a relentless quest to someday find this place of mystery. We will await that day.

County and Colonial Public Offices Held by the Pate Men of Gloucester Hall

Richard Pate, 1601 – 1657

1653 Burgess, House of Burgesses, Gloucester County

John Pate, 1630 – 1672

1660 Justice of the Peace, Gloucester County 1671 Member, Council of State, Colony of Virginia 1672 Rank of colonel, militia of Gloucester County

Thomas Pate, 1652 – 1703

1677-84 Warden and vestryman, Petsworth Parish, Gloucester County 1678 Rank of colonel, militia of Gloucester County 1684 Burgess, House of Burgesses, Gloucester County 1686 Collector of Plantation Duty, Colony of Virginia 1686 Collector of Customs for York River, Colony of Virginia

John Pate, 1677 – 1706

1705 Vestryman, Petsworth Parish, Gloucester County 1706 Justice of the Peace, Gloucester County

Sources This paper had its roots in the dedication address for the Virginia historical highway marker commemorating Gloucester Hall, dedicated October 26, 2012. The marker can be found beside the north-bound lanes of Route 17 about one half mile north of Woods Cross Road, between Bacon's Fort Road and Bacon’s Lane. During the process of applying for the marker, a number of sources were found that provided information about the Pate family and Gloucester Hall. Name of the house The Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham, 1643-1695 , edited by Warren M. Billings, Virginia State Library, 1989:

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p. 78, footnote 1: Thomas Pate’s home known as Gloucester Hall. p. 88: Gov. Howard’s letter of April, 1684, to his wife shows Gloucester Hall as his address (next to the date). p. 127-128: Gov. Howard’s letter quoted about Pate’s Landing. p. 162: Gov. Howard’s letter of 21 November, 1684, to the Maryland Council of State shows Gloucester Hall as his address (next to the date). Plantation landholdings Virginia Land Registry Office, Land Patents, Gloucester County, Book 2, p. 271: 1650 – headright of Wingfield Webb and Richard Pate, “received a land patent of 1141 acres on the North side of the York River lying on an Eastward branch of the Poropotank River.” “Virginia in 1667-1669”, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography , Vol. 19, No. 3 (July 1911), pgs. 255-257, footnote 8: the grants of Col. John Pate (“in addition to land inherited, and any he may have bought”) and references Richard Pate’s patent of 1141 acres in 1650. “Virginia Quit Rent Rolls, 1704”, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography , Vol. 32, No. 2 (April 1924), p. 153, and Vol. 32, No. 3 (July 1924), p. 283: John Pate of Gloucester County with 1100 acres in Petso Parish, Gloucester County, and 1000 in King & Queen County. Relationships Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia , H. R. McIlwaine, editor, Virginia State Library, 1979, p. 317, notes the death of Col. John Pate in 1672 and identifies him as the uncle of Col. Thomas Pate. “Virginia in 1667-1669”, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography , Vol. 19, No. 3 (July 1911), pgs. 255-257, footnote 8, discusses the relationships between Richard, John, and Thomas Pate. Principal offices held The General Assembly of Virginia, 1619-1978 , Virginia State Library, 1978: John Pate, Council of State, 1671-1672, p. xx; Richard Pate, House of Burgesses, Gloster, 1653, p. 31; Thomas Pate, Gloucester, 1684, p. 47. Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia , H. R. McIlwaine, editor, Virginia State Library, 1979, p. 282: John Pate sworn in as member of the Council of State. Military titles Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia , H. R. McIlwaine, editor, Virginia State Library, 1979, p. 315: four references to “Coll” John Pate, previously noted as John Pate, Esq. The Vestry Book of Petsworth Parish, Gloucester County, Virginia, 1677-1793 , C. G. Chamberlayne, editor, Virginia State Library, 1979, p. 8: first reference to Thomas Pate as “Coll.” Death of Nathaniel Bacon “A True Narrative of the Rise, Progresse, and Cessation of the Late Rebellion in Virginia, Most Humbly and Impartially Reported by his Majestyes Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Affaires of the Said Colony”, The Virginia Magazine of

Vol. 17, No. 2 12 December 2013 History and Biography , Vol. 4, No. 2 (Oct., 1896), p. 153: This was the official report of Bacon’s Rebellion prepared for King Charles II. It includes a description of Bacon’s death at Col. Thomas Pate’s home. Residence of Royal Governor, Baron Francis Howard The Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham, 1643-1695 , edited by Warren M. Billings, Virginia State Library, 1989: pgs. 50-51: Gov. Howard’s letter of 19 February, 1684, to his wife describing his arrival at Col. Thomas Pate’s home; p. 78, footnote 1: “For much of his stay in Virginia, [Gov. Howard] lived at Pate’s home, known as Gloucester Hall, on the banks of Poropotank Creek.” Virginia's Viceroy, Their Majesties' Governor General, Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham , by Warren M. Billings, George Mason University Press, 1991, pgs. 33-34, describes the arrangements for Gov. Howard to stay at Thomas Pate’s home. Death of Gov. Howard’s wife, Lady Philadelphia Virginia's Viceroy, Their Majesties' Governor General, Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham , by Warren M. Billings, George Mason University Press, 1991, pgs. 58-59: Lady Philadelphia fell “deathly ill at Gloucester Hall.” On 17 August 1685, she died, only 30 years old. From her symptoms, Billings concluded that her death was due to scurvy.

House on Lot 42, Yorktown, Virginia, currently described as the Cole Digges House and dated to 1720. There have been at least two significant renovations since the house was built. The Pate house on this lot was built by 1700.

Vol. 17, No. 2 13 December 2013

“Free Negroes” and “Mulattoes” of Gloucester County and the Tidewater Area of Virginia Prior to 1800

By Wayne K. Driver

Throughout my years of researching my family from Gloucester County and the Tidewater area of Virginia, I have noted that several families, including my own, were listed as “free Negroes” or “mulattoes” prior to 1800. This discovery ignited my interest; I wanted to know more about these families and how they fit into a society in which most people of African descent were slaves and where those of European descent dominated. I wondered if these free people of color had any rights, if they owned property, or had the freedom to move about without being harassed. Since my focus was on the years prior to 1800, I also wondered how they felt about the Revolutionary War. Which side did they support? Which side promised a better future for them? Families with the names ALLMOND/ALLMAN, BLUFORD, DRIVER, FREEMAN, GOWEN/ GOING, HEARN, KING, LEMON, MEGGS, MONOGGIN, and MORRIS are identified in various documents as living free from slavery. “Free” did not necessarily mean, however, that they were as free as those of full European ancestry. These “free” people did not have slave masters, but they did have limitations place upon them and hardships that would not be understood by my generation. The above families of color, as well as others not cited in this essay, contributed to America by serving in wars, participating in religious movements, and working in many trades. At the same time, they strove for greater freedom of access to education, property ownership, and social equality. Too often, these pioneers are forgotten in the history books; rarely are they recognized for their work in shaping the counties in which they lived. When I drive through Gloucester, to my knowledge there is no physical memorial that bears witness to their service in the Revolutionary War or their contributions to their communities. I can find all types of negative propaganda concerning “free Negroes,” such as recommendations for their forced removal from the county or punishment for not paying

Vol. 17, No. 2 14 December 2013 “Free Negroes” and “Mulattoes” taxes. My hope is that someday the leaders of these communities will recognize free families of color and teach generations to come about their positive contributions.

Society and Labels Societies are often divided into historical eras. I am particularly interested in the colonial, revolutionary, and antebellum periods of the , and how “free people of color” fared during each of them. My research has taken me to different states and localities, where I have noticed varying attitudes displayed by white officials toward people of color. For example, Virginia law prohibited interracial marriages, yet I found such marriages listed in some court records. I also noticed how inconsistently people in power recorded a person’s skin color or race. In some cases, the description was diligent and descriptive; in others, it was not. For example, members of the DRIVER family were described in some records as “white” and in others as “mulatto” or “colored”. I found these records interesting and disturbing at the same time, and therefore decided to explore these subjects and share my observations about them.

Samuel “Squire” Driver, 1815-1872, and Sarah “Sally” Driver (maiden name unknown), 1815-1872

As I browsed through various historical documents, I noticed that court clerks paid close attention to describing the person(s) being listed. By law, in 1705, a mulatto was a person deemed to have one-eighth or more African blood. By 1866, one-quarter African blood meant one was “colored,” whereas one-quarter Indian blood meant one was Indian. In some records, persons defined as “mulatto” were further defined by their shade of complexion. A mulatto might be described as “Yellow/Yellowish,” “Tawney,” “Light”, or

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“Brown/Dark Mulatto,”—the list goes on. When I first saw the term “Tawney,” I had to research its meaning. After consulting FreeDictionary.Com, I concluded that this complexion color included several shades of brown ranging from light to brownish orange. The mulatto MEGGS family of Middlesex and Gloucester County was described as “Yellow” and “Tawney” in various records. For example, “free negro” James Meggs, born around 1752, was listed as a “yellow” tithable in Middlesex County in 1787 and as a “mulatto” tithable in 1788. For genealogical information on the Meggs household, see Heinegg, Free of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, and Delaware at http://freeafricanamericans.com/Mason_Month.htm It was also customary for a clerk to state a person’s status of birth when it occurred outside of marriage. Terms like “illegitimate” and “bastard” were often used. At first I could not understand why such births occurred so frequently in the Bible Belt, but I soon learned that slaves were prohibited by law from marrying and that interracial marriages became illegal in Virginia in 1691. Thus, free people of color could legally marry only one another. Although the law stated that an interracial couple would be banished from the Dominion forever, I did not find evidence of this happening. In 1792 another law was enacted stating that “he or she shall be committed to prison for six months and pay $30.00 for use of the parish. The penalty for a minister marrying Negroes and whites is set at $250 for every such marriage.” Many such laws seem to have been ignored, however, in Gloucester County. During the late 1700s, Susanna DRIVER (Caucasian) gave birth to a mulatto bastard child. Susanna is cited several times in the vestry books in regard to her mulatto children. It appears that she was white and her spouse was of African ancestry. Prior to her husband’s death she gave birth to another child, but no reference to race was indicated in the vestry books. The oldest free family of color that I have been able to identify in Gloucester County is the GOWEN/GOWINGS/GOINGS family. They were the children of Michael GOWEN, born about 1635, who was the “negro” servant of Christopher STAFFORD. STAFFORD gave him his freedom on January 18, 1654, in York County, Virginia, after four years of service. This is a fascinating family that is well documented by Paul Heinegg in his book, Free African Americans of North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina , at http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Virginia_NC.htm. Throughout this article, I draw heavily on Heinegg’s research, and I encourage you to visit this site to learn more about the genealogical history of the above families. The ALLMOND/ALLMAN/ALMAN family is another unique family that I have encountered during my research. Orally, I was once told that they were Native American. The oldest members of the family that I was able to identify were Sally, Jenny, Edward, James (born about 1769), and Zachariah (born about 1775). Most records identify this family as mulatto, but they have also been described as descended from the Pamunkey Tribe of King William County, VA. I also noticed during my research that some people of color, both slave and free, challenged their legal status in the courts. The BLUFORT/BLUEFOOT family matriarch, free woman Sarah BLUFORT, did so when she complained to the Lancaster County, VA, court that she had been sold by Matthew Green to Rawleigh Hazard. Court records described Sarah as having been “bound” (apprenticed) to Matthew Green until the age of thirty-one. Green had sold her apprenticeship to Mr. Hazard, much as one might sell a slave. The court

Vol. 17, No. 2 16 December 2013 “Free Negroes” and “Mulattoes” seems to have allowed the sale, but forbade Hazard from removing Sarah from the county, which was forbidden by law in regard to apprentices. (Heinegg, http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Beverly_Brogdon.htm)

The American Revolution Years ago, I took a cruise to Nova Scotia, Canada. We had several tour options as we docked and departed the ship. I chose the option of visiting the Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia (BCCNS). During this visit, I learned about “Black Loyalists,” (people of color who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution) who were issued “certificates of freedom” after the Americans won the war and the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783. People identified as black were given the option to relocate to Nova Scotia, the West Indies, Quebec, England, Germany and Belgium. According to the BCCNS web site, an estimated 5,000 people of African descent chose to relocate. Over 3,000 loyalists were recorded in Canada’s Book of Negroes, including Joseph Elliott, 30, former property of John Elliott of Gloucester County, and George Glocester, a 15-year-old boy who also escaped slavery. Three women from Gloucester County, all described by the derogatory term “stout wench,” commonly applied to slave women, were also relocated and freed: Polly Carey, 26, formerly the property of Humphrey Gwin; Elizabeth White, 25, formerly the property of John Perrin; and Sukey Smith, 25, formerly the property of Major Smith. As I learned this history for the first time in my life, I had to ask the question, “Why did these blacks choose the British side of the war?” Although slavery was on the wane in Canada, it was still legal there until the 1830s. According to our tour guide, social conditions were no better for blacks than in the United States. So why would they choose the British side? The short answer is FREEDOM. In November of 1775, five months after the Battle of Bunker Hill, the British offered American slaves their freedom if they would support the British. They did not make this offer because they wanted to end slavery; the British Empire itself did not abolish slavery until 1833. The British offer of freedom to American slaves was a tactical move designed to disrupt the economy of its slaveholding colonies. If the British enticed slaves to join their cause by offering the prospect of freedom, why did other people of African descent fight for the American colonies? At first, the Continental army did not want to enlist people of color. Eventually, however, blacks comprised an estimated 5% of Americans who fought at Bunker Hill. In January, 1776, President George Washington allowed the enlistment of free blacks who had prior military experience. In 1777, in desperation, the Continental army allowed both free blacks and slaves to enlist. In need of manpower, the colonists promised slaves their freedom in exchange for service. Those who fought on the Patriot side, then, also fought for African American FREEDOM. For more on the subject of African Americans and the Revolution, see http://www.nps.gov/revwar/about_the_revolution/african_americans.html Free people of color from Gloucester County, Virginia, served the Revolutionary War cause on land and sea. Gloucester County is a peninsula that touches the Chesapeake Bay, and many free men already made their living from the water. Some became navy seaman, while others served on land. The DRIVER, HEARN, and MONOGGIN families appear in various Revolutionary War records. These men are American heroes. They fought in battles and then had to fight for their pensions and other benefits long after the war was over. An example was Ephraim

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HEARN, a weaver born about 1745 who served in the Revolutionary War. In 1829 Ephraim lived with his wife, Molly, and his three children, Peter, Jane, and Betsy in Gloucester County. That year, he successfully petitioned to collect his pension from the government. As the court clerk noted on 12 August 1829: I, Arthur L. Davies, clerk of the court of Gloucester county do hereby certify that it appears to the satisfaction of the court that the said Ephraim Hearn did serve in the Revolutionary War as stated in the preceding declaration against the common enemy for the term therein stated under one engagement on the continental establishment. To read the entire text of Ephraim Hearn’s pension application, see http://lestweforget.hamptonu.edu/page.cfm?uuid=9FEC4EAB-B4BC-9223- A25A0AFFCD5B9824

Religious Faith Religion, particularly Christianity, was the glue that sustained the African American community throughout its early struggles in America. I remember traveling with my grandfather from Philadelphia to Gloucester County to attend the family church’s “Homecoming” celebrations or week-long revivals. My grandfather, a Baptist preacher, would sometimes be invited to preach at a local church. During those summer visits, I observed the strong convictions my relatives held about worship and fellowship. The only time my grandmother threatened me with the switch was when I announced that I wasn’t going to church one night. My older brother obtained the switch for her and I am still mad at him for that. Seriously, I discovered over the years that faith has played a major role in the life of African Americans in this country. Today, faith is what guides me daily in my life. The noted black historian, Carter G. Woodson, Ph.D, recognized this in Free Negro Heads of Families in the United States in 1830, where he wrote that, Negroes were not easily stirred by the doctrines of the Quakers and Presbyterians, but they flocked into the folds of the Methodists and Baptists, who won them by successfully socializing the Gospel, by popularizing the appeal with emotional preaching designed to move the illiterate to repentance. Dr. Woodson also noted that “William Lemmon was called by a white congregation to serve at the Pettsworth or Gloucester church in Virginia.” Lemon was described by white and black contemporaries as a “lively and affecting” preacher. Members of the LEMON family (variously spelled Lemmon, Lemmond or LeMond) have been documented as “free” since the birth of Ambrose Lemon around 1725. William Lemon, born about 1845 in Gloucester County, was the brother or son of Ambrose. Today, this family still maintains a strong presence in Gloucester County. According to oral tradition, there was an area in Gloucester known as LEMON Town. The LEMON family has a rich tradition in religion, education, and business. For more on the Lemon family’s genealogy, see Paul Heinegg’s Free African Americans of North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina : http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Lemon_Lytle.htm

Land Ownership Land was difficult to obtain during this time by poor people of any color. I can only imagine the obstacles that stood in the way of free people of color. Those who managed to

Vol. 17, No. 2 18 December 2013 “Free Negroes” and “Mulattoes” do so were extraordinary to say the least. Being considered “free” during a time when slavery was the norm did not always mean independence. Owning land gave these free people of color some independence. In his book, The Honey-pod Tree , the famous black Gloucester County lawyer Thomas Calhoun Walker, born into slavery, dedicated a chapter to his quest to educate blacks about owning land. T. C. Walker founded a company, “The Gloucester Land and Brick Company” solely to create opportunities for blacks to own land. He traveled from church to church and school to school to discuss the benefits of owning land and a home. As Walker wrote: The most effective inducement to buying a piece of land, I found, was to continue to stress the Emancipation argument: to tell the Negroes that they could never be really free until they owned their own homes. Finally, after that conviction got well established, and the people were really awake to a sense of their duties to themselves and their families, we just let the company die. Its purpose had been accomplished. In 1944, historian Charles Purdue noted Thomas Calhoun Walker’s efforts in his book, The Negro in Virginia : A consistent campaign for home and land ownership has been waged among the State’s rural Negroes for the past half century by Thomas C. Walker of Gloucester County, lawyer and former advisor to the Work Projects Administration of Virginia. The success of his efforts is testified by the fact that, in Gloucester County, 881 of its 995 Negro families own their homes. Of the 574 farms operated by Negroes in the county, 494 are owned by Negroes themselves. In no county in the state, or in the Nation, is there a higher ratio of Negro farm ownership. (Virginia Writers Project, 1944, p. 365) When I first noticed that numerous people of color owned land in the late 18th and early 19th century, I wondered how it was possible. I still don’t have the answer to this question, but I do admire those who were able to acquire land during this time. The FREEMAN family clearly saw a future for their family by owning land in 1787. The “List of the Land Tax within the District of Richard Gregory Commissioner of Gloucester County the year 1787” noted that James FREEMAN owned 34 acres. This land seems to have remained in the FREEMAN family throughout the next generation. As I researched this family, it was hard to discern their race. Some records identify this family as white, while others identity them as mulattoes. To learn more about the genealogy of the Freeman family, see http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Fagan_George.htm The DRIVER, LEMON, and MORRIS families are also recorded as land owners as far back as the 1782 Tax Records for Gloucester County, VA. The MORRIS family is well documented here on Renegade South by Victoria Bynum’s “Free People of Color” in Old Virginia: The Morris Family of Gloucester County.” My paternal great grandmother, Margaret MORRIS Driver, was the daughter of Elijah MORRIS, who owned a great deal of land. As of today, this land is still in my family. Thank you Great Grand (2X) for this gift; I know you worked very hard to maintain our land.

Professional Trades During my years of my research, I found many free people of color who worked as skilled artisans, including carpenters, bricklayers, blacksmiths, and shoemakers. Some excelled in their professions: the DRIVER brothers made quality furniture. My ancestors, Sam DRIVER and Robert DRIVER, were blacksmiths. Matthew T. DRIVER, one of the earliest instructors at Tuskegee University, taught wheelwrighting. The majority of black male

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Margaret Morris Driver, daughter of Elijah Morris and wife of John Driver.

Children of Margaret Ann Morris and John Driver

L-R front, Margie, Rena Thelma, Hattie Beatrice, Lucie Jane; back, Elijah Morris Driver and Hober Edwin Douglas Driver.

Vol. 17, No. 2 20 December 2013 “Free Negroes” and “Mulattoes” heads of households in Gloucester County were listed as farmers, oystermen, and farm laborers, but they all knew how use their hands in one way or another. The occupations listed for women of color included spinners, weavers, cake sellers, and one seamstress. As a child I spent many summers with my Uncle Bill DRIVER in Connecticut. By day he was a tool maker, and in his free time he dabbled in art and wood. One summer I helped him build a coffee table. As a person largely confined to a desk managing technology projects, I admire those who are gifted in working with their hands; they must feel a great sense of accomplishment. The founder of Tuskegee Institute, Booker T. Washington, believed that blacks should not only pursue an education, but should also know a trade—words of wisdom for all times. For more on the lives of free families of color, see “Free People of Colour in Gloucester County, Virginia,” by Edwin B. Washington, Jr., and L. Roane Hunt. The article can be obtained from the Gloucester Genealogical Society of Virginia at http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vaggsv/index.htm. Matthew T. Driver

My research has been very educational for me and I hope the same for you. As you can see, I am not a professional writer and I only publish articles to share information with family and others. As I conduct my research, I get a tiny glimpse into the past and I am encouraged by ancestors who have done remarkable things when the odds were against them. This gives me perspective for any situation that I may come across in life. I can only read about and imagine the hardships my ancestors incurred during their lives. When I think about complaining, I go and do some research to get over what ails me. There are many good sources for research, but take some time to read all the references that I have provided. These dedicated researchers and writers have so much to share with us.

Vol. 17, No. 2 21 December 2013

The 5th Virginia Cavalry During the Gettysburg Campaign

By Doug Fitchett

One hundred fifty years ago this month (September), the 5th Virginia Cavalry was in camp near Fredericksburg and later Orange Court House in Virginia. These encampments came after a very difficult trip north to Pennsylvania—a trip which became known as the Gettysburg campaign. As many of your readers may be aware, Companies A & F of the 5th Virginia were comprised mostly of men from Gloucester (Company A) and Mathews (Company F) counties. I’m sure we will recognize names such as Brooks, Catlett, Diggs, Dutton, Fary, Foster, Hudgins, Kerns, Lewis, Marchant, Miller and many more; all are included in the roster of the 5th. The events of the summer of 1863 started easy for the 5th. The unit missed the (June 9th) having been assigned picket duty near Amissville, Virginia, some 20 miles north of Brandy Station. This picket duty may have been a disappointment for some since in the days before the battle, General JEB Stuart held two big reviews showing off the cavalry to General Lee and other important guests at Brandy Station. This would have been a very prestigious event. However, on June 9 the Union cavalry, in a predawn raid, crossed the Rappahannock River in force at Kelly’s and other fords and proceeded to Brandy Station, almost catching Stuart’s forces sleeping. The Battle of Brandy Station became the largest, primarily cavalry, battle of the Civil War. In addition, it was an important one for the Union as their cavalry, for the first time in a major battle, held its own against Stuart’s cavalry. And the 5th missed it. Just before the battle of Brandy Station, General Lee had started his army on its march west to the , where he would turn north. This was the beginning of the Gettysburg campaign. In fact, Lee’s army was not far from Brandy Station, just out of sight of the Union cavalry to the south and west, as the battle was underway. He even visited the battlefield from a distance to see how the battle was progressing. As General Lee moved his army north, General Stuart was assigned the task of covering Lee’s main army and to keep the Union forces from determining what Lee’s intentions were. This was common duty for the cavalry, to provide intelligence and screening for the main army. The cavalry often did this by placing themselves in front of or between the two opposing forces. After Stuart regrouped following the Battle of Brandy Station, the 5th, being a “fresh” regiment, became one of the lead units in Stuart’s movements as General Lee’s main army heading down the Shenandoah Valley to Maryland. This was somewhat unfortunate for the 5th as at Aldie, they ran head on into the Union cavalry scouting west toward the Shenandoah in their attempt to determine General Lee’s movements. The Battle of Aldie (June 17) started out as a light skirmish between the Confederate 2nd VA cavalry regiment and the Union 2nd NY. The NY regiment charged the 2nd VA and

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Gettysburg Campaign (Wikipedia) pushed them back through the town of Aldie. As Union reinforcements entered into the fray, the 5th advanced and took up a strong position just west of Aldie and waited for the Union forces to present themselves. The ensuing battle lasted some 4 hours of intense fighting on very steep and hilly terrain as each side threw in more reinforcements. This took a hard toll on the 5th as it lost 58 men from the unit, roughly one third, either wounded, killed, or missing.

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For the next couple of days, JEB Stuart’s cavalry held off the Union cavalry in the towns of Aldie, then Middleburg, and finally Upperville, thus screening General Lee’s main army who was making its way down the valley. In addition, the events after these battles have had much controversy over the years as this is where General Stuart began another of his famous rides around the . Hmmm, remember the strategy of placing the cavalry between the two forces? For the next two weeks, the 5th along with the portion of Stuart’s cavalry that circled the Union army actually traveled over 200 miles, through towns like Haymarket, Gainesville, Bristow, Fairfax in Virginia, crossing the Potomac at Rowsers Ford, then up through Rockville, Gaithersburg, Westminster in Maryland, then on to Hanover, York, Carlisle and finally Gettysburg. Approximately two-thirds of that trip, over 130 miles, occurred in the five days between June 28 and July 2. If you look at a map, you will note that this route placed the Union forces directly between Stuart and Lee. Along the way, Stuart’s cavalry destroyed supplies at the locks and canals near the Potomac, captured a 200+ wagon train full of supplies, cut telegraph lines, threatened Washington, had skirmishes at several of the towns, and bombarded Carlisle. Interestingly, General Early, who was near York and had been called to Gettysburg, heard the fighting of Stuart’s and the Union cavalry near Hanover on June 30, but did not send anyone to investigate. Had he investigated, he may have informed Stuart of the movements of the armies toward Gettysburg. This would have allowed Stuart the opportunity to get to Gettysburg before that famous battle started. As it was, Stuart arrived on the second day of battle and did not fully participate until the third. There are numerous speculations as to what implications this may have had on the outcome of the . This trek of Stuart’s cavalry took a toll on the men and horses. By the time they got to Gettysburg, they were nearly exhausted. The 5th was now down to just 150 men, a fraction of their original fighting force. Compounding the problem of the losses of men and horses, many of the commanding staff were also absent. Included in the losses of the 5th were one major, three captains, and two lieutenants—all wounded or killed in action along the journey. At Gettysburg, the 5th was supposed to be held in reserve toward the northeast side of the Eastern Cavalry battlefield. Their position was along Stallsmith Lane (no longer existing) between Cress Ridge and Low Dutch Road, the left flank of Stuart. When the 1st Virginia was ordered to advance, the excitement of the charge must have prevailed and the 5th (among other units) joined in, thus seeing action against some of Custer’s Wolverines near the Rummel farm. This was not to be the only time that the 5th met Custer’s Wolverines. But that is a different campaign. I haven’t fully researched the return of the 5th to Virginia after Gettysburg. I vaguely remember reading that the 5th was performing rear guard duty and escorting wagons of wounded soldiers as they moved from Gettysburg to Greencastle, then to Williamsport, and finally back across the Potomac. This is what most of Stuart’s cavalry did at this point in the campaign. But I can’t find the reference about the 5th. What I did find, the retreat was no picnic. There was a fair amount of skirmishing and fighting as the union cavalry was intent on doing as much damage as they could to Lee’s army. Eric Wittenberg wrote a book he titled, “One Continuous Fight” where he describes the actions of the during Lee’s . One continuous fight. For the remainder of July and August, the 5th was active near Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Gloucester, and Middlesex counties.

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They did not see significant action again until the first of October, 1863 when they participated in the Bristow Campaign. Over 100 men were either KIA, MIA, WIA, or Captured during the Gettysburg campaign. The following men were either from Gloucester, Mathews, or King & Queen counties: [1]

Bray, John Thomas (G) Co. A, Private, WIA at , VA on 7/20/1863 b. 3/24/1839 Gloucester Co., d. 5/20/1920 Greene Co., s/o Thomas J. Bray & Martha A. Hogg, m. Helen Mundy.

Diggs, Andrew Jackson (M) Co. F, Private, KIA at Snickersville, VA on 6/22/1863 b. 1830 Mathews Co., d. 6/22/1863, s/o Augustine & Lucy A. Diggs, m. Martha W. ?.

Dobson, James Monroe (G) Co. A, Private, Captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1840 Gloucester Co., d. 11/8/1875, s/o Edward P. & Lucy C. Dobson, m Adeline "Addie" Hobday.

Dunston, Thomas Jefferson (G) Co. A. Private, KIA at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1844 Gloucester Co, d. 6/17/1863, s/o Richard D. Dunston & Susan E. Hughes.

Eells, John Thomas (G) Co. F, Major, KIA at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1840 New York City, lived in Ware Neck in ’61, owned Baiae Farm, d. 1863, s/o Marcellus Eells & Susan A. Randall.

Hoard, George M. (K) 2nd Lt., WIA & Captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 8/24/1833, s/o (possibly) Francis Triplett Hoard & Elizabeth Scott Moss.

Hoard, Richard R. (G) Co. E, 24th Virginia Cavalry, Captain, WIA at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1825, major land owner in Glou. Co., s/o (possibly) Richard Hord & Emily D. Kemp, m. Sarah Scott.

Hughes, James B. (G) Private, Enlisted Gloucester Pt., Captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1832, d. 2/19/1864 Point Lookout, MD, s/o (possiply) William C. Hughes & Maria Jane Wright.

Leavitt, James Allen (G) Co. A, Private, Captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 12/11/1831 Gloucester Co., d. 12/14/1899, Buried Bellamy UMC, s/o William & Mary Leavitt, m. Lucy Virginia Pointer.

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Leavitt, Wynham H. (G) Co. A, Sergeant, Captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1841 Gloucester Co., d. 1910, Buried Bellamy UMC, s/o William A. Leavitt Jr. & Lucy Elizabeth "Betsy" Hodges, m. Mary Frances ?.

Lilly, George Armistead (M) Co. F, Private, Captured near Greencastle, PA on 7/5/1863 b. 1/29/1841, d. 5/21/1909 Mathews Co., bur. Lilly's Neck Cemetery, s/o Thomas & Lillie Ann Lilly, m. Mary Susan Diggs.

Mitchell, James (K) Co. E, Private, WIA at Gettysburg on 7/3/1863 b. 1820, d. 10/20/1884, b. & d. King & Queen, s/o William Jackson Mitchell & Alice Roane, m. 1st Elizabeth ?, m. 2nd Mary E. Fitzhugh.

Mitchell, John Alexander (K) Co. E, Private, WIA at Gettysburg b. 1843, d. 8/28/1919, b. & d. King & Queen, s/o Alexander H. & Ellie Mitchell, m. Sarah ?.

Morgan, Robert S. (M) Co. G, Sgt Major, Captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1833 Mathews Co., s/o Carter B. & Ann Morgan, m. Susan Leonard.

Rowe, James Henry (“Harry”) (G) Co. A, Private, WIA & captured at Aldie, 6/17/63 b. 1824 Gloucester Co., s/o Jasper Clayton Rowe, m. Ann M. Stubblefield.

White, Lewis Bennett (M) Co. D, Captain, WIA (4x) and captured at Aldie on 6/17/1863 b. 1845 Mathews Co., d. 2/18/1922, s/o Alpheus A. & Mary A. White, m. Clementine H. Bell.

Further reading on this subject: Lee’s Cavalrymen, A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia , by Edward G. Longacre. The Cavalry at Gettysburg, A Tactical Study of Mounted Operations during the Civil War’s Pivotal Campaign, 9 June – 14 July 1863 , by Edward G. Longacre. Protecting the Flank: The Battles for Brinkerhoff’s Ridge and East Cavalry Field , by Eric J. Wittenberg Plenty of Blame to go Around, Jeb Stuart’s Controversial Ride to Gettysburg , by Eric J. Wittenberg and J. David Petrzzi. The Union Cavalry Comes of Age , by Eric J. Wittenberg. Civil War in – The Cavalry Battles of Aldie, Middleburg, and Upperville, June 1863. Found at: http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/middleburg/middleburg-history/civil-war-in- loudoun-county.pdf 5th Virginia Cavalry , by Robert J. Driver, Jr.

Vol. 17, No. 2 26 December 2013

John Clayton’s Home

By Wesley Greene

Founder and head gardener of the Colonial Garden and Plant Nursery in historic Colonial Williamsburg

Introduction: Searching for Clues about John Clayton

By Thane Harpole

Co-Director, Fairfield Foundation

John Clayton is without question an important early American figure, best known for his work documenting the flora of Virginia during the course of his lifetime. His contribution to early botany and natural science are well known and are being celebrated once again with the long-awaited re-publishing of his Flora Virginica . But John Clayton’s life in Gloucester County is still poorly understood. His homeplace could tell us much about the life of a gentleman in the 18th century, and in particular might shed light on the important role he played as Gloucester County’s Clerk of Court from 1720 to 1773. However, the most unique aspect of his farm was likely his garden, where he collected and nurtured samples of plants that he was documenting from throughout the colony. Clayton’s gardens could tell us a great deal about the ecology of Virginia 300 years ago, and of Clayton’s efforts to both document this natural world, and meld it to his own vision of landscape and garden design. Like John Bartram’s garden in Philadelphia, Clayton’s garden would have been a place of recreation and beauty, but also of science, exploration, and experimentation. With the advantages of modern archaeological techniques, careful Thane Harpole excavation of the site could yield extremely significant information about our past. But where exactly was John Clayton’s primary residence? Was it at the farm that came to be known as Windsor, or was it at the site of an 18th-century building that served as Clayton’s office? Or could it have been both? The following article by Wesley Greene asks this question and provides some compelling evidence that Clayton’s residence may have been located closer to the Piankatank River than some had thought. His article highlights the use of documents to help solve historical riddles, but also makes it clear that the documentary references leave much to be desired. With an 1820 fire claiming many of Gloucester County’s colonial records, historians are often challenged to come up with definitive answers about property ownership, locations of houses, and other intimate details of past lives. Archaeology has become one of the best ways to overcome some of these hurdles in the quest to understand our past. What can archaeology tell us about John Clayton, his life, his property, and his accomplishments? Some archaeology has been completed on the two sites in present-day Mathews County, the Windsor property, and the ‘old office’ tract, which may help us solve this dilemma. Unfortunately, the excavations have not been fully reported, and some of the documentation

Vol. 17, No. 2 27 December 2013 John Clayton’s Home

and artifacts have been lost-but there is still much we can learn. Robert Harper and Lisa Harper led excavations at the Windsor site between 2000 and 2005. They then turned their efforts to the ‘old office’ site between approximately 2008 and 2010. The excavations at Windsor uncovered an architecturally important 18th-century building foundation, with artifacts clearly dating from at least the 1750s to 1770s and later, as well as some evidence for unusual planting features suggesting a formal garden plan near the house. Some of the artifacts, such as cufflinks with the initials “IC” have clear connections to the Clayton family, while others, including bell jars and various iron tools, provide firm evidence for gardening activities. It is also known that John Clayton purchased 350 acres of the Windsor property in 1753 from Thomas Boswell. In the next twenty years, he was able to add

another 100 acres to this property, as his will from 1773 bequeathed his son Robert Harper Jasper the 450-acre plantation “whereon I now live.” The combination of this evidence strongly suggests that John Clayton lived at Windsor in the 1770s and may have moved there soon after his purchase of the lands in 1753. But this doesn’t mean he always lived there. We know less about the excavations at the ‘old office’ site, as they had not progressed as far as those at Windsor, and are not as well documented. However, further processing of the remaining artifacts will hopefully shed more light on this property. The ‘old office’ site clearly had a substantial 18th-century brick structure, of which there is at least one surviving photograph. The problem at both sites, from an archaeological perspective, centers on assigning reliable dates to the building construction and other major changes on the properties. This will only be answered by further analysis of the surviving excavated materials and perhaps additional test excavations in the future. It is not clear when the ‘old office’ building dates to, although if it coincides with John Clayton’s assumption of the clerk’s duties in 1720 and was used as his office, it may date to around that time. There are also questions about when and how John Clayton acquired this property. It is also unclear whether the artifacts found at Windsor indicate an occupation by John Clayton beginning in the 1750s or sometime prior to that. There is no reason to think that Clayton could not have had two different substantial homes during his lifetime, and the possibility exists that he planted experimental gardens at both locations. Archaeological sites are rarely datable to a single individual or occupation, and so they tend to preserve a complex record of the entire history of a property. They do help us understand the past like no other source, but it can take a lot of time and work to answer the major questions. The final determination about where Clayton lived will have to wait until a more complete examination of the excavation records can occur and possibly additional excavations, but we have learned enough to know that these two sites were associated with John Clayton and his family, contain a rich and intact record of our early history, and have much to reveal about the life and times of John Clayton and his gardens. There is good evidence to say that Windsor was his home for several decades, based on the archaeology of the house, the identification of unusual garden features, and some key documentary references, but the limited work at the ‘old office’ site may provide an alternative argument that confirms some of the evidence that Mr. Greene discusses. There is work still to be done to solve this mystery.

Article by Wesley Greene Most authors have long assumed that Windsor, the undisputed home of John Clayton’s son Jasper, was also the home of John Clayton the botanist. John Clayton never referred to his property as Windsor and there are no surviving documents that precisely locate Clayton’s home. Edmund Berkeley, who has written the most complete biography of Clayton, believes that Windsor in “every likelihood” was the home of John Clayton. Long

Vol. 17, No. 2 28 December 2013 John Clayton’s Home held traditions often do have a basis in fact but it also may be that this is an example of “a bird in the hand” in that we know where Windsor is. There are a couple of reasons to suspect that Windsor was not Clayton’s home which I have compiled from the meager documentary evidence we have. I do not intend to make a claim that Windsor was not his home but I do feel that we would need considerably more evidence to conclude, without a doubt, that Windsor was the home of John Clayton. One mystery that is generally overlooked is that there are two properties and, presumably, two residences to account for. In the 1770 tax record for Gloucester County, John paid taxes on 450 acres while Jasper paid taxes on 300 acres. Also listed in the 1770 tax record is a Thomas Clayton who is taxed only on a chair (two wheeled carriage) with no record of land ownership. This was likely John’s son, a doctor who probably did not farm. John died in 1773 leaving his plantation to his son Jasper. Unfortunately the acreage of the plantation is not listed in the will. John left his son Thomas 100 pounds and no land. If both John and Jasper built houses on their properties, which would seem likely, for Windsor to be John’s home, Jasper would have moved out of his newer house into the older house built by his father. The next tax record is in 1782 and by this time Jasper, son of John, has also died. Jasper had two sons, Jasper Jr. and Thomas. In this record Jasper Clayton owns 400 acres and Thomas Clayton owns 450 acres, the same acreage owned by Wesley Greene John in 1770. The Jasper listed in the 1782 tax record is certainly John’s grandson Jasper Jr. Thomas in the 1782 record could be either John’s son Thomas or his grandson Thomas. Also listed for Thomas is 1 free male and 4 Negroes, implying that this land was being actively farmed. It is unlikely that John’s son Thomas, the doctor, would have taken up farming late in life. It is possible that John’s son Jasper split his plantation between his two sons, giving Jasper Jr. Windsor and Thomas the 450 acres that was originally owned by his father. This would make sense of the acreage and account for the two properties. In the 1791 tax record, after Matthews Co. had been formed from Gloucester Co., Jasper is taxed on 548 acres, and there is no record of Thomas Clayton. A Virginia Gazette notice records the death of a Thomas Clayton of Gloucester Co. on April 9, 1784 who died in the “bloom of youth.” John’s brother Thomas was certainly too old to be considered in his youth. John’s son Jasper was born sometime after 1725 which would suggest that his younger son Thomas would probably be in his 30s, and this would explain the disappearance of Thomas between the 1782 and 1791 records. If he was married, it could also explain the disappearance of the land under the Clayton name. His wife would have been relatively young and would likely remarry. Future land records would then be in the name of her second husband. It is almost certain that John’s garden was not at Windsor. His description of the Horned Pond Weed in Flora Virginica records: “In litore fluminis Piankilank dicti juxta hortin” which translates, “on the shore of the River Piankatank near my garden.” Windsor is approximately a mile and a half from the river. Tradition has long placed the clerk’s office, where John would have worked, on the river just upstream from the former Twiggs

Vol. 17, No. 2 29 December 2013 John Clayton’s Home

Ferry, now Route 3 over the Piankatank River, and it is possible, but not likely, that he kept his garden there instead of his house. Several years ago my wife Denise found a stand of Silverbell trees (Halesia tetraptera) in the ravine next to the old clerk’s office. This was a remarkable find because prior to her discovery, the only known populations of Silverbell trees in Virginia were located near Mt. Rogers in the southwestern portion of the state. Clayton does not list the Silver Bell in Flora Virginica , but Peter Collinson, an English plant collector and correspondent of Clayton, described his garden at Mill Hill in 1764 as containing, “Those pretty Fringe Trees, Halesias and Stuartia all Great Beauties I must thank my Fr’d Mr. Clayton the Great Botanist of America.” This suggests that Collinson received the Silver Bell from Clayton and it is possible that this very unusual occurrence of the Silver Bell tree (Halesia) represents a remnant of Clayton’s garden. Another record that suggests the garden was not at Windsor comes from the Hargreave Letter Book. In a 1779 visit to Jasper’s home at Windsor, John is remembered as: “he had a very curious garden (which is now a wilderness).” Jasper was certainly not the botanist or gardener that his father was, but he was a man of wealth and stature so it is difficult to imagine that he would let the grounds around his home at Windsor degenerate into a wilderness. It is more likely that the property that contained the garden had been abandoned which could mean either that it was at the clerk’s office, which by 1779 had moved to Gloucester Court House, or that John’s house was, indeed, closer to the river and was now abandoned. The model of the extraordinarily large garden presently depicted at the clerk’s office (John Clayton Building) is, in my opinion, entirely unbelievable. From my discussions with Robert Harper the size and layout was the product of conjecture with only the smallest hint of archeological evidence to back it up. I suspect the vast expanse of shell walks in the garden mockup was influenced by the walkways at Colonial Williamsburg which is a product of Colonial Revivalism rather than archeological evidence. In fact, our archeologists have never found a shell walk in Williamsburg that dates to the 18th century. The shell walks found throughout town and at Carter’s Grove are based on a single letter written on Feb. 16, 1771 from Mr. Feilde of Williamsburg to Dr. McKenzie of Gloucester Co.: “in the Governour’s Park a Pit is opened purposely for getting this matter [shells] which is

Fry – Jefferson map, 1775 John Henry map, 1770

Vol. 17, No. 2 30 December 2013 John Clayton’s Home used for making Walks instead of Gravel.” Shells were certainly used for walks to some extent but the fact that our archeologists cannot find them suggests that they were only a minor component. It would take an immense amount of shells to pave a garden the size of the one that Mr. Harper proposes and is unprecedented for any known 18th century estate. There are two maps from the 1770s that show the rough location of Clayton’s home along the Piankatank River. The Fry – Jefferson map first compiled in 1751 and updated in 1775 show Clayton’s home slightly farther inland than the homes of Washington, Smith, and Seaton. Some have proposed that this indicates that Clayton’s home was not on the river but farther inland which would be true if he lived at Windsor. However, a contemporary map compiled by John Henry in 1770 show the same family names, including Clayton’s, lined up equidistance from the river. As neither of these maps are scaled, the locations relative to the river are not reliable. As an example, Clayton’s home and Rosewell (end of two arrows on Fry – Jefferson map, adjacent) are shown to be a similar distance from the river. The Rosewell ruins are almost exactly 2,000 feet, or less than one half mile from the York River. Windsor is approximately one and one half miles from the Piankatank River. The only possible description of the location of Clayton’s home comes from John Bartram. In 1738 he visited Clayton’s home (unfortunately John Fry – Jefferson map, 1775 was away) and wrote: “then crosing Panketank rode down to John Clatons where ye river was prety wide.” This may or may not suggest that Clayton’s home was on the river. John Clayton provided a map with the Flora Virginica which shows a starting point for his botanical explorations along the Piankatank River. Presumably the starting point (black dot on Clayton Map, next page) was his home. His path seems to follow roads on the south bank of the Piankatank River, roads which appear to have followed a very similar route between Ferry Creek (square) and Cobb's Creek (circle) for over 200 years, as shown in the maps on the following page. On Clayton's map, this starting point appears to be on the river side of the road, but Windsor (black dot on Mapquest map) is on the land side. For many years I had asked Robert Harper about dating the artifacts in the construction trench for the foundation at Windsor. A professional archeologist can often date a building based on what is found in this area. If the Windsor foundation can be dated to before 1740, it was almost certainly John’s home. I was never able to get a definitive answer from him, in fact, he was quite evasive. The last time I saw him at the

Vol. 17, No. 2 31 December 2013 John Clayton’s Home

Clayton map, 1762 Boye map, 1825

Crozet map, 1848 Mapquest, 2013

Clerk’s Office at the Courthouse Circle I asked again and enquired if he had mapped the artifacts taken from the site. He assured me that he had but would give no details. The answer to the puzzle may be in the material Mr. Harper removed from the site but without further investigation the few clues he offered, such as cuff links and wine bottle bottoms, are insufficient to state, categorically, that Windsor was the home of John Clayton. The missing link that could well be the discovery of John’s grave. His will states that he wished to be buried next to his wife and two children, Mary and Robert, who died in their infancy. As he is apparently not buried at Ware Church, he is likely buried in a family plot on the original property, likely in the vicinity of the home. If the material taken from the site is no longer assessable or if the artifacts were not carefully mapped, the discovery of the graveyard may be the only hope of finally solving the mystery of Clayton’s home.

Vol. 17, No. 2 32 December 2013

Alumni of Gloucester Public High Schools 1909-1922

By L. Roane Hunt

The Gloucester Museum of History has a collection of school annuals from various donors that are available for viewing by appointment in their archive room. The earliest annuals are the 1915 and 1916 Botetourt annuals; the 1923 Triannual for Achilles, Botetourt, and Hayes; and the Dual Annuals of Achilles and Botetourt for 1926 and 1928. These early annuals included a list of alumni for the previous years. For this article, the alumni list of the Triannual of 1923 is presented. Typically, maintaining an accurate and complete list of alumni is very difficult. Therefore, readers of this issue may wish to help create another list of alumni that were not included. This article includes information about each graduate as to their status in 1923. Employment and marital status for the women are provided. Additional information is provided where possible for their birth and death dates, their parents, and their spouses. The annual for 1923 includes all three public high schools and are presented alphabetically: Achilles, Botetourt, and Hayes.

Achilles High School Alumni Founded in 1911 Class of 1914 , Mr. Charles H Smith, Principal Achilles High School in 1923 Elizabeth Rowe, Graduate, Farmville Normal

School, Boston, Mass. – Elizabeth Ellen Rowe, b. 1897, d. 12/9/1962, m. Albert Reed Caro Cornelia Thornton, Graduate, Franklin Square Hospital – Cornelia Elizabeth Thornton, b. 5/19/1893, d. 9/28/1918, d/o Harry Lee Thornton & Virginia Lee Rowe Josephine Thornton, Achilles, Va. – Josephine S. Thornton, b. 5/1/1896, d. 7/31/1980, d/o Joel Lysander Thornton & Margaret Clarissa Richardson

Class of 1915 , Mr. J. Walter Kenney, Principal Aileen Hayes, Graduate, Farmville Normal School, Washington DC – Aileen Frances Hayes, b. 9/3/1897, d. 1987, d/o George Rodney Cornelia Thornton Hayes & Fanny Singleton Minor, m. William Coleman Smith

Vol. 17, No. 2 33 December 2013 Alumni of Achilles High School

Essie Smith—Mrs. G. O. Fenton, Portsmouth, Va.—Not found

Class of 1916 , Mr. C. Wilson Hudson, Principal Samuel Jenkins, Graduate, UVA, Lincoln, Va. – Alexander Samuel Jenkins, b. 1897, d. 1955, s/o Thomas Jefferson Jenkins & Martha Ellen Hogg Ada Riley—Mrs. Jones Oliver, Wicomico, Va. – Ada Clementine Riley, b. 1898, d. 1981, d/o Samuel Larry Riley & Lucy Olivia Fleming, m. Jones Luther Oliver

Class of 1917 , Mr. F. Marshall Bristow, Principal Andrew Shackelford, Bookkeeper Standard Oil Co., Norfolk, Va. – William Andrew Shackelford, b. 5/3/1897, d. 7/9/1989, s/o John Mathew Shackelford & Alice Senora Hogge Buchanan Thornton, Achilles, Va. – Theopholus Buchanan Thornton, b. 1899, d. 1990, s/o Joel Lysander Thornton & Margaret Clarissa Richardson Willie Hall, Bookkeeper Standard Oil Co., Norfolk, Va. – William Dempster Hall, b. 11/6/1899, d. 3/16/1992, s/o Robert Thomas Hall & Solonia Jane Brown, m. 1st Mildred J. Dennis, m. 2nd Robbie Tillage Evelyn Pointer—Mrs. James C. Barnes, Norfolk, Va. – Evelyn M. Pointer, b. 1899, d/o James DuVal Pointer & Mary Marion Minor, m. James Cross Barnes

Class of 1918 , Mr. F. Marshall Bristow, Principal Mae Thornton—Mrs. Cabot Williams, Hayes Store, Va. – Mae Purcell Thornton, b. 10/6/1899, d. 4/2/2001, d/o Harry Lee Thornton & Virginia Lee Rowe, m. Preston Cabot Williams Clara Thornton, Teaching, Sandy Level, Va. – Clarissa Elizabeth Thornton, b. 1901, d. 1995, d/o Joel Lysander Thornton & Margaret Clarissa Richardson Jennie Shackelford, Severn, Va. – Jennie Shackelford, b. 7/7/1899, d. 7/16/1972, d/o Samuel Shackelford & Lillian Barnes Thomas, m. J. E. Moore Kathryn Rowe, Graduate, Fredericksburg Normal School, Gloucester, Va. – Kathryn Minor Rowe, b. 4/28/1902, d. 1/24/1984, d/o James William Rowe & Molly Kate Tuck Opie Thomas, Severn, Va. – Opie T. Thomas, b. 6/23/1899, d. 1978, d/o John Luther Thomas & Eudora Belle Lewis, m. Peyton Stanley Wallace Ivye Redd, Teaching, Portsmouth, Va. – Ivye L. Redd, b. 1900, d. 1990, d/o Charles Redd & Mary E. Hogg, m. Thomas K. Turnbull

Class of 1919 , Mr. J. Walter Kenney, Principal Jennie Rowe—Mrs. Hilton Foxwell, Principal, Sandy Hook, Va. – Jennie E. Rowe, b. 1902, d. 1982, d/o Albert Leroy Rowe & Susan Taliaferro King, m. Hilton Andrew Foxwell

Class of 1920 , Mr. J. Walter Kenney, Principal William Rowe, Achilles, Va. – William Hansford Rowe, b. 1903, d. 2000, s/o Winchester Arthur Rowe & Melissa Wyatt Minor, m. Grace Lee Smith Naomi Thornton, Teaching, Bradshaw, West Virginia – Naomi Miriam Thornton, b.

Vol. 17, No. 2 34 December 2013 Alumni of Achilles High School

3/1/1902, d. 3/6/1981, d/o Joel Lysander Thornton & Margaret Clarissa Richardson

Class of 1921 , Mr. J. Walter Kenney, Principal Alice Thornton, Principal, Genoa, Va. – Alice R. Thornton, b. 1903, d. 1990, d/o Joel Lysander Thornton & Margaret Clarissa Richardson, m. Merton Albert Williams Hawsie Rowe, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Hawsie Mahone Rowe, b. 9/3/1904, d. 9/1/1969, d/o James William Rowe & Molly Kate Tuck Bettie Sterling, Teaching, Naxera, Va. – Betty Sterling, b. 1903, d. 1972, d/o Samuel E. Sterling & Effie Deal, b. Vernon M. Sheppard Mary Rowe, Teaching, Severn, Va. – Mary Rowe, b. 1903, d/o Hunter Jefferson Rowe & Eunice Blanche Diggs

Class of 1922 , Mr. Martin Adolph Waldrop, Principal Sears Driscoll, Principal, New Upton, Va. – Irving Sears Driscoll, b. 1904, d. 6/22/1975, s/o William Henry & Sadie Louise Driscoll, m. Mary Elizabeth Hankla Bernice Rowe, Teaching, Syringa, Va. – Bernice M. Rowe, b. 1905, d. 1990, d/o Albert Leroy Rowe & Susan Taliaferro King, m. Charles Aubrey White Lesbia Brown, Principal, Cash, Va. – Lesbia L. Brown, b. 9/5/1903, d. 2/26/1992, d/o William Cary Brown & Mary Ellen Williams Mamie Rowe, Teaching, New Upton, Va. – Mamie Folkes Rowe, b. 1904, d/o Benjamin Sterling Rowe & Eugenia G. Folkes, m. Lewis James Hogge Geraldine Rowe, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Mary Geraldine Rowe, b. 1905, d. 1993, d/o Winchester Arthur Rowe & Melissa Wyatt Minor, m. John Fedors Bertha Lewis, Teaching, Pinero, Va. – Catherine Bertha Lewis, b. 9/26/1904, d. 7/6/1987, d/o William Andrew Lewis & Laura Virginia Wroten, m. Rufus Diggs Hogge Ruth Carmine, Wicomico, Va. – Ruth Mitchell Carmine, b. 1906, d. 1985, d/o Arthur L. Carmine & Vinetta A. King, m. John William Streagle Nettie Heywood, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Nettie Heywood, b. 5/22/1905, d, 5/7/1990, d/o Alexander Mack Haywood & Etta Maria Rowe, m. James Walton Rowe Ruby Heywood, Teaching, Glenns, Va. – Ruby C. Heywood, b. 1905, d. 1996, d/o Benjamin F. Heywood & Maria J. Deal, m. Robert Lee Greggs

Botetourt High School Alumni Founded in 1908 Class of 1909 Mary Lee Field—Mrs. Alex Todd Wyatt, Hampton, Va. – Mary Lee Field, b. 12/31/1889, d. 6/29/1977, d/o George Booth Field & Laura Campbell Wiatt, m. Alexander Todd Wiatt

Class of 1910 Lettie Broaddus—Mrs. J. M. Thruston, Richmond, Va. – Letitia Miller Broaddus, b. 11/6/1891, d/o Dr. John Butler Semple Broaddus & Martha Agnes Jones, m. John Mynn Thruston Mary Lee Field

Vol. 17, No. 2 35 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Fay C. Wiatt—Mrs. R. L. Rhodes, Hampton, Va. – Fay Carter Wiatt, b. 7/23/1890, d. 2/7/1973, d/o Alexander Taliaferro Wiatt & Maude Roberta Sinclair, m. Robert Leonidas Rhodes Sr. Marie P. Jones—Mrs. Thomas Mele, New York, N.Y. – Maria Pollard Jones, b. 1890, d. 1933, d/o Charles Jones & Lucy Catlett Jones, m. Thomas F. Mele

Billie Duncan, Oil Business, Texas – William Barr Botetourt High School in 1915 Duncan, b. 2/14/1894, d. 1/16/1971, s/o William Barr Duncan Sr. & Louise Quincy Martin, m. Helen Summerville Bowen Minetree Folkes, Insurance, Norfolk, Va. – Minetree Ryland Folkes, b. 11/6/1891, d. 1962, s/o Rev. Robert Andrew Folkes & Elizabeth Crump, m. 1st Theresa ?, m. 2nd Stella Ann Jones

Class of 1911 Edwin Pointer, Insurance, Gloucester, Va. – Edwin W. Pointer, b. 1892, d. 1962, s/o Albert M. Pointer & Eudora Johnston, m. Lucy Minor Francis Cook, Teaching, Raleign, N.C. – Francis West Cooke, b. 9/26/1895, d. 1/1/1966, s/o Thomas Paul Cooke & Susan Ellen Waldron, m. Nelle Field

Class of 1912 Marie Lambert, Teaching, Gloucester, Va. – Marie L. Lamberth, b. 3/2/1893, d. 11/12/1983, d/o John Renty Lamberth & Elizabeth L. Chapman Peachie Moore—Mrs. Martin Kerns – Josephine Moore, b. 8/8/1891, d. 5/10/1920, d/o John B. S. Moore & Josephine Howlett, m. Martin Shackelford Kerns Martha Broaddus—Mrs. Hughes Ware, Roanoke, Va. – Martha Baytop Broaddus, b. 3/23/1896, d. 12/13/1979, Dr. John Butler Semple Broaddus & Martha Agnes Jones, m. Alexander Hughes Ware Addie Wiatt, Teaching, Gloucester, Va. – Addie Virginia Wiatt, b. 4/19/1891, d. 1979, d/o Francis Fontaine Wiatt & Nannie Wadrop Booth

Class of 1913 Ethel Smith—Mrs. Hilton Lindsay, Richmond, Va. – Ethel Martha Smith, b. 3/29/1896, d. 10/11/1970, d/o Rosewell Columbus Smith & Mary Frances Thomas, m. Robert Hilton Lindsay Maude White—Mrs. Claude Mills – Maude V. White, b. 1904, d/o Herman & Laura Bell White, m. Claudus Montgomery Mills Margery Phillips—Mrs. M. T. Ball, Gloucester, Va. – Margery Louise Phillips, b. 1895, d. 1972, d/o Alompra Phillips & Jane “Jennie” Gordon Cameron, m. Marvin Theron Ball Sr. Kate Gray—Mrs. L. D. Stables, Oak Hall, Va. – Katherine Bunch Gray, b. 4/1/1894, d/o Rosewell Park Gray Sr. & Ella Louise Jones, m. Rev. Linton Dunn Stables Rebecca Stubbs—Mrs. G. T. Mitchell, Norfolk, Va. – Rebecca Robins Stubbs, b. 1896, d/o

Vol. 17, No. 2 36 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Jefferson Dunbar Stubbs & Edna Elizabeth Coleman, m. George Thomas Mitchell Esther Tuttle—Mars W. W. Allmond, Allmondsville, Va. – Esther Ann Tuttle, b. 6/30/1894, d. 2/3/1983, d/o Edward Tiffany Tuttle & Jessie Lee Jennings, m. William Walter Almond III Edward G. Field, American Expeditionary Force – Edward Graham Field, b. 10/28/1894, d. 12/17/1918, s/o George Booth Field & Laura Campbell Wiatt

Class of 1914 Hester Fleming, Teaching, Norfolk, Va. – Hester Ann Fleming, b. 1894, d/o Thomas Edward Fleming & Mira Lee Fletcher Edward G. Field Louise Fletcher, Student, Mission Training School, Louisville, Ky. – Louise Fletcher, b. 1894, d/o Cyrus Henry Fletcher & Mary Sue Hill Anne Jones, Teaching, Disputanta, Va. – Anna Walker Carter Jones, b. 1895, d. 1978, d/o Charles Jones & Lucy Catlett Jones, m. Robert Myers Martha Sinclair, Teaching, Alexandria, Va. – Martha Baytop Sinclair, b. 12/31/1895, d. 1994, d/o Jefferson Sinclair III & Mary Graham Jones Evelyn Woodland-Mrs. Harry Lupton, Penn. – Shirley Evelyn Woodland, b. 12/24/1892, d. 3/11/1980, d/o Thomas Jefferson Woodland & Magnolia Coles Roane, m. Harry Marvin Lupton Carter Catlett, 2nd Lt. Aviation Corps, U.S.A., Texas – Landon Carter Catlett, b. 1898, d. 1925, s/o Landon Carter Catlett Sr. & Letita Rebecca Nelson, m. Catharine Sanders Mott Casper Fletcher, Dentist, Cincinnati, Ohio – Dr. Casper Fletcher, b. 5/14/1896, d. 4/5/1982, s/o Cyrus Henry Fletcher & Mary Sue Hill, m. Delma ? Addie Lewis, Carpenter, Washington DC – Addison Lee Lewis, b. 1893, d. 1969, s/o Addison T. Lewis & Cora D. Walker, m. Myrtle B. Moore Hilton Lindsay, Forman, American Motor Works, Richmond, Va. – Robert Hilton Lindsay, b. 3/23/1896, d. 9/28/1982, s/o Benjamin Franklin Lindsay & Lessie Virginia Williams, m. Ethel Martha Smith George Tinsley, Capt. Aviation Corp, U.S.A. – George Calvin Tinsley, b. 12/24/1895, d. 7/6/1922, s/o Richard Calvin Tinsley & Jeanette Chase White Bernard Woodland, Merchant, Roanes, Va. – Bernard Roane Woodland, b. 2/13/1894, d. 7/2/1988, s/o Thomas Jefferson Woodland & Magnolia Coles Roane, m. Bessie Bagley Jack M. Wiatt, Dentist, Gloucester, Va. – Dr. John Munford Wiatt, b. 5/20/1895, d. 5/17/1966, s/o Alexander Taliaferro Wiatt & Maude Roberta Sinclair, m. Helen Gatewood Farinholt Jack Wiatt

Class of 1915 , Mr. Richard Parker, Principal. Kate Clements—Mrs. C. Soles, Mathews, Va. – Kate Hope Clements, b. 1897, d. 1936, d/o John Icabod Clements & Hester R. Walden, m. Vernon Coles Soles Giles B. Cook, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Giles B. Cooke, b. 9/7/1897, d.

Vol. 17, No. 2 37 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

10/13/1974, s/o Thomas Paul Cooke & Susan Ellen Waldron Mary Dare White—Mrs. Simcoe, Norfolk, Va. – Mary Dare White, b. 1897, d/o Richard Ransone White & Mary Susan Brushwood, m. 1st Walter Taylor Simcoe Jr., m. 2nd Alfred M. Smith Lydia H. White—Mrs. LaSalle, Richmond, Va. – Lydia H. White, b. 1897, d/o Herman & Laura B. White, m. Wayne Elmer La Salle Thomas J. Sterling, C. & O. R. R., Norfolk, Va. – Thomas Jefferson Sterling, b. 2/1/1897, d. 5/7/1977, s/o George Washington Sterling & Alice Eugenia Deal Mary E. Eastwood, Telephone Co., Gloucester, Va. – Mary Eloise Eastwood, b. 1896, d. 1939, d/o James Alexander Eastwood & Mary Eloise Wolfe Sadie Walker—Mrs. James Mayo, West Point, Va. – Sadie Elizabeth Walker, b. 5/8/1894, d/o George Washington Walker & Sarah Jane Horsley, m. James Bryant Mayo Minnie Hogge—Mrs. John Spencer, Schley, Va. – Minnie Belle Hogge, b. 1895, d. 1987, d/o James Henry Hogge & Harriet Elizabeth Hudgins, m. John W. Spencer Marguerite M. Wiatt, Teaching, Alexandria, Va. – Marguerite Mackey Wiatt, b. 7/12/1897, d. 1984, d/o Alexander Taliaferro Wiatt & Maude Roberta Sinclair, m. Louis F. Hoy Fitzhugh Jones, Mining Engineer, Logan Mt., N.Y. – Fitzhugh Baytop Jones, b. 1898, d. 1993, s/o Frederick Baytop Jones & Mary Lee Fitzhugh, m. Leola Elizabeth Woodhaul Hildrop Tinsley, Student, Boston Tech., Boston, Mass. – Samuel Hildrup Tinsley, b. 10/23/1897, d. 4/2/1980, s/o Richard Calvin Tinsley & Fitzhugh Jones Jeanette Chase White, m. Anna May Goucher Bessie Lamberth, Registered Nurse, Richmond, Va. – Bessie Louise Lamberth, b. 10/21/1894, d. 8/12/1988, d/o William Walker Lambreth & Lucy Ida Chapman

Class of 1916 , Mr. Richard Parker, Principal Laura Farinholt—Mrs. James Phillips, Richmond, Va. – Laura A. Farinholt, b. 1897, d/o Thomas Jefferson & Elizabeth Curtis Duval, m. James Austin Jones Lulie Fleming, Teaching, Norfolk, Va. – Lulie Elizabeth Fleming, b. 1897, d. 1969, d/o Thomas Edward Fleming & Mira Lee Fletcher Stanley Gray, Student, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. – Stanley Taylor Gray Sr., b. 12/6/1896, d. 11/16/1980, s/o Zachary Taylor Gray Sr. & Matilda Taliaferro Roane, m. Nellie Coleman Davidson Carey Augusta Lawson, Gloucester, Va. – Cary Augusta Lawson, b. 3/29/1897, d. 9/12/1980, d/o William Emmett Lawson & Mary Cary Cox Enely V. Meredith, Teaching, Norfolk, Va. – Evelyn Victoria Meredith, b. 8/11/1894, d/o William Leroy Meredith & Virginia Anderson Roane, m. Reginald Heber Nelson III Thelma Robins-—Mrs. Joe Brown, Schley, Va. – Thelma Virginia Robins, b. 3/24/1897, d. 10/6/1992, d/o William Thomas Robins & Eliza Maude Brushwood, m. Joseph Walter Brown Thelma Robins

Vol. 17, No. 2 38 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Luther Woodland, Teaching, West Va. – Luther Major Woodland, b. 11/30/1899, d. 8/7/1968, s/o Thomas Jefferson Woodland & Magnolia Coles Roane, m. Gladys Marie Beaman Linwood Woodland, Teaching, Harrington, Del. – Demarious Linwood Woodland, b. 1897, d. 1977, d/o Thomas Jefferson Woodland & Magnolia Coles Roane, m. Littleton J. Hudson Mary S. Wiatt—Mrs. Russell Gray, Signpine, Va. – Mary Sinclair Wiatt, b. 10/5/1898, d. 12/6/1976, d/o Francis Fontaine Wiatt & Nannie Wadrop Booth, m. Russell Hancock Gray

Class of 1917 Lelia Brown, Teaching, Middlesex, Va. – Lelia Buford Brown, b. Mary Wiatt 3/14/1899, d. 11/28/1950, d/o Samuel Jefferson Brown & Fannie Coleman Robins, m. Arthur Chesley Jarvis Hettie Jones, Stenographer, Richmond, Va. – Hettie Carter Jones, b. 1899, d. 1988, d/o Frederick Baytop Jones & Mary Lee Fitzhugh, m. Jeffry Gerald Montague Ellen Wiatt—Mrs. Olie Stephens, Warwick, Va. – Ellen Booth Wiatt, b. 12/17/1900, d/o Francis Fontaine Wiatt & Nannie Wadrop Booth, m. Oliff Meredith Stevens Herbert Wiatt, Student, O. C. D. S., Cincinnati, Ohio – Dr. Herbert Sinclair Wiatt, b. 1/31/1899, d. 12/13/1967, s/o Alexander Taliaferro Wiatt & Maude Roberta Sinclair, m. Audrey Alice Pace Billy Gray, Farming, Signpine, Va. – William Nelson Gray, b. 8/12/1897, d. 12/7/1975, s/o Rosewell Park Gray Sr. & Ella Louise Jones, m. Vena Elizabeth Roane Mary Rilee, Teaching, Beaver Dam., Va. – Mary L. Rilee, b. 1899, d. 1991, d/o Robert Magruder Rilee & Martha P. Pointer Elizabeth Robins, Teaching, Achilles, Va. – Elizabeth Ann Robins, b. 1/2/1898, d. 6/11/1988, d/o Archibald Harwood Robins & Mary Frances Corr, m. Vernon Owen Smith Virginia Mattox, Government Work, Washington D. C. – Virginia Ann Mattox, b. 3/8/1896, d. 1/17/1994, d/o John F. Mattox & Adaline Virginia Robins Nelson Gray, Student, Medical College of Va., Richmond, Va. – Dr. Samuel Nelson Gray, b. 5/14/1899, d. 6/15/1976, s/o Zachary Taylor Gray Sr. & Matilda Taliaferro Roane, m. Virginia Lee Clarke Buford Waddell, Teaching, Hayes Store, Va. – Lelia Buford Waddell, b. 2/19/1896, d. 8/29/1994, d/o James Howard Waddell & Maggie B. Robins

Class of 1918 Bessie Hogge-Mrs. Carl Mannix, Cappahosic, Va. – Bessie Mae Hogge, b. 1/13/1900, d. 1996, d/o James Henry Hogge & Harriet Elizabeth Hudgins, m. Carl Clifford Marnix Sr. Sarah Anne Lamberth, Teaching, Henrico, Va. – Sarah Anne Lamberth, b. 1902, d. 1983, d/o John Renty Lamberth & Elizabeth L. Chapman, m. Everett W. Cross Mary G. Phillips, Teaching, Pearinsburg, Va. – Mary Gordon Phillips, b. 1901, d/o Alompra Phillips & Jane “Jennie” Gordon Cameron, m. James Milton McKnight Frances Robins, Teaching, Ware Neck, Va. – Frances V. Robins, b. 9/30/1899, d. 10/31/1985, d/o Edwin Carroll Robins & Mary Ida Brown, m. Leonard C. Robins

Vol. 17, No. 2 39 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Helen Wiatt, Training, Sara Leigh Hospital, Norfolk, Va. – Helen Louise Wiatt, b. 5/10/1900, d. 1985, d/o Alexander Taliaferro Wiatt & Maude Roberta Sinclair, m. 1st Herman Wharton Packett, m. 2nd Harold Stewart Crawford Alma Brooking—Mrs. V. Pierce, Baltimore, Md. – Alma M. Brooking, b. 5/23/1900, d. 7/21/1968, d/o William Francis & Virginia Letitia Brookings, m. Virgil Samuel Pierce Bertha Chapman-Mrs. Wm. Reinman, Baltimore, Md. – Bertha Davies Chapman, b. 1899, d/o Walter L. Chapman & Rosa Otelia Lamberth, m. William Frederick Reimann Virginia Eastwood, Telephone Co., Gloucester, Va. – Sarah Virginia Eastwood, b. 4/29/1899, d. 1/22/1980, d/o James Alexander Eastwood & Mary Eloise Wolfe Ashby Gray, Student, University of Va. – Alfred Ashby Gray, b. 7/23/1899, d. 2/13/1960, s/o Rosewell Park Gray Sr. & Ella Louise Jones Ella Gray, Teaching, Berryville, Va. – Ella Gray, b. 1902, d. 1966, d/o Rosewell Park Gray Sr. & Ella Louise Jones, m. Jules Le Grand Zack Gray, Student Randolph-Macon Ashland, Va. – Zachary Taylor Gray, b. 7/30/1901, d. 1/23/1965, s/o Zachary Taylor Sr. & Matilda Taliaferro Roane, m. Mary Eleanor Morris

Class of 1919 Elizabeth Mott—Mrs. Catesby Field, Gloucester, Va. – Elizabeth St. Clair Mott, b. 9/23/1901, d. 5/12/1983, d/o William Sanders Mott & Anna Lloyd Moore, m. Catesby Todd Field Sr. Virginius Roane, Midshipman, Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. – Virginius Randolph Roane, b. 1903, d. 2/9/1962, s/o Henry Hansford Roane Jr. & Carrie Esther Gray, m. Catherine Wright Lila W. Sinclair, Teaching, Newport News, Va. – Lila Wiatt Sinclair, b. 9/18/1902, d. 2006, d/o Jefferson Sinclair III & Mary Graham Jones Helen Trevilian, Ark, Va. – Helen Trevilian, b. 10/13/1900, d. 9/18/1963, d/o William Christopher Trevilian & Mary Elizabeth Bristow, m. Martin Shackelford Kerns Pearle Moore, Teaching, Gloucester, Va. – Pearle E. Moore, b. 3/4/1901, d. 4/4/1987, d/o John B. S. Moore & Josephine Howlett, m. George Martin Walker Frederick Jones, Student, V. M. I., Lexington, Va. – Frederick Walker Jones, b. 1902, d. 1930, s/o Frederick Baytop Jones & Mary Lee Fitzhugh

Class of 1920 Mary Mann Catlett, Student, Wellesley – Mary Mann Page Catlett, b. 11/1/1904, d. 11/24/2006, d/o Landon Carter Catlett & Letitia Rebecca Nelson, m. Robert Douglas Griggs Rosa M. Folkes—Mrs. Catesby G. Jones, Gloucester, Va. – Rosa Montague Folkes, b. 10/28/1902, d. 9/3/1960, d/o Rev. Robert Andrew Folkes & Mary Edna Montague, m. Catesby Graham Jones Sr. Mary Gray, Teaching, Roanoke, Va. – Mary T. Gray, b. 1904, d/o Rosewell Park Gray Sr. & Ella Louse Jones, m. George G. Finney Willie Hudson, Clerk, Newport News, Va. – William L. Hudson, b. 1902, d. 1963, s/o John Burton Hudson & Mary Elizabeth Stubblefield, m. Margaret Hogge Kate Belle Kemp, Teaching, Achilles, Va. – Katie Belle Kemp, b. 1902, d. 1986, d/o James Robert Kemp & Mary Catherine Hall, m. John Orien Walker

Vol. 17, No. 2 40 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Elsie Kemp, Clerk of School Board, Gloucester, Va. – Martha Elsie Kemp, b. 1901, d. 1990, d/o Marion L. Kemp & Emma Sue Haynes, m. William Pointer Kemp David Lindsay, Student Washington and Lee, Lexington, Va. – David Hawkins Lindsay, b. 1901, d. 1978, s/o Benjamin Lindsay & Emma Jane Williams, m. Nancy Marshall Davison Ella Miller—Mrs. W. Grimstead, Harcum, Va. – Ella Montague Miller, b. 1902, d. 1973, d/o William Larkin Miller & Franline Walker, m. 1st William Coles Grimstead, m. 2nd Lloyd Joseph Cox Stephen H. Roane, Farming, Cash, Va. – Rev. Henley Stephen Roane, b. 7/17/1902, d. 9/20/1973, s/o Samuel Christian Roane & Ida Geneva Stubblefield, m. Erma Mae Brown David Lindsay Eleen Shackelford, Student, Maryland Institute, Baltimore, Md. – Eileen Garland Shackelford, b. 1901, d/o Howard Garland Shackelford & Minnie Garland Chowning, m. William H. Kilby Sarah Stubblefield, Teaching, West Va. – Sarah Belle Stubblefield, b. 1/23/1903, d. 9/21/1976, d/o Robert Leroy Stubblefield & Virginia Belle Roane Helen Waddell, Teaching, Gwynns Island, Va. – Helen R. Waddell, b. 1903, d. 1994, d/o James Howard Waddell & Maggie B. Robins, m. Thomas Jackson Thacker Americus C. Wiatt, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Americus Conquest Wiatt, b. 10/28/1901, d. 12/1972, s/o Alexander Taliaferro Wiatt & Maude Roberta Sinclair, m. Jennie Marie Fields

Class of 1921 Dorothy Smith, Teaching, Cash, Va. – Dorothy Frances Smith, b. 1903, d. 1986, d/o Peter William Smith Jr. & Annie Laurie Brown Ellen Sterling, Student, Fredericksburg Normal, Fredericksburg, Va. – Ellen Augusta Sterling, b. 2/3/1904, d. 10/3/1980, d/o Noah Franklin Sterling & Missouri Coats, m. William Scott Keech Selden Evelyn Stubblefield, Teaching, Hayes Store, Va. – Evelyn Maria Stubblefield, b. 11/19/1903, d. 11/16/1973, d/o Russell Aubrey Stubblefield & Minnie Lee Dutton, m. Lonnie V. Hall Mattie Teagle, Teaching, Hayes Store, Va. – Mattie Lucretia Teagle, b. 1902, d. 1992, d/o Silas Hayes Teagle & Icenola Proctor, m. Earl Stanley German Minnie Walker, Teaching, Signpine, Va. – Minnie Anne Walker, b. 9/29/1903, d. 2005, d/o Linwood C. Walker & Mary Susan Bridges, m. Harvey Christian Rowe Alton Lindsay, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Christopher Alton Lindsay, b. 6/3/1904, d. 10/31/2002, s/o Benjamin Franklin Lindsay & Lessie Virginia Williams, m. Mary Thomas Kube Baldwin Perrin, Student, V. M. I., Lexington, Va. – David Baldwin Perrin, b. 1904, d. 7/15/1998, Walter Catesby Perrin & Georgia S. Seawell, m. Lois Hines Emily Sinclair, Student, Fredericksburg Normal, Fredericksburg, Va. – Emily Mallory Sinclair, b. 6/11/1904, d/o Jefferson Sinclair III & Alton Lindsay Mary Graham Jones, m. William Alfred Lindsay

Vol. 17, No. 2 41 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Emily Sinclair, Rebecca Jones, and Carolyn Sinclair School photographs of three cousins found in yard sale in Roanoke, Emily Sinclair Virginia, part of a collection donated to Gloucester Musem of History.

Caroline Sinclair, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Caroline Baytop Sinclair, b. 6/7/1904, d. 5/22/1996, d/o James Jefferson Sinclair & Indiana Lowry Sinclair Rebecca Jones, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Rebecca Catesby Jones, b. 1904, d/o James Baytop Jones & Maude Philpott, m. William Edward Ferguson Mary Lee Jones, Student, Fredericksburg Normal, Fredericksburg, Va. – Mary Lee Jones, b. 1903, d. 1979, d/o Frederick Baytop Jones & Mary Lee Fizhugh, m. Earl Arthur Farner Edith Fezell, Teaching, Mo. – Edith A. Feezell, b. 1904, d/o Jacob Calvin Feezell & Dona E. Walker, m. Clarence Fay Carpenter

Class of 1922 Ellen Tobin, Student, Stuart Hall, Staunton, Va. – Ellen Mason Tobin, b. 12/8/1905, d. 1/25/1939, d/o James Henry Tobin & Clarion Ruby Leigh, m. John Hodge Catherine Woodland, Roanes, Va. – Catherine Cole Woodland, b. 8/19/1903, d. 1/24/1990, d/o Thomas Jefferson Woodland & Magnolia Coles Roane, m. 1st Roy Miller, m. 2nd Levi Pace Robins Earl German, Student, Electrical Engineering, Gloucester, Va. – Earl Stanley German, b. 1903, d. 1986, s/o Thomas Robinson German & Emma Stanley Clements, m. Mattie Lucretia Teagle Oro German, Telephone Co., Gloucester, Va. – Ora Catherine German, b. 1906, d. 1997, d/o William Henry German & Ida Earl Walker, m. Waverly Baker Dunn Naomi Hudson, Teaching, Nelson County, Va. – Naomi Corinne Hudson, b. 5/9/1904, d. 11/2/1993, d/o John Burton Hudson & Mary Elizabeth Stubblefield, m. Enos Burkley Blake Emma Moore, Telephone Co., Gloucester, Va. – Emma Lefever Moore, b. 1/15/1902, d. 11/10/1992, d/o Martin Lancelot Moore & Maude C. Enos, m. Jasper H. Walker Fannie Catlett, Student, Stuart Hall, Staunton, Va. – Fanny Burwell Catlett, b. 8/30/1906, d. 11/12/1997, d/o Landon Carter Catlett & Letita Rebecca Nelson, m. Ludwell Lee Montague Fred B. Corr, Student, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. – Fred Bayse Corr, b 1/12/1904, d. 9/7/1970, s/o Rev. Harry Lee Corr & Fred Corr

Vol. 17, No. 2 42 December 2013 Alumni of Botetourt High School

Emma Rosalie Bayse, m. 1st Elsie V. Crowder, m. 2nd Annie Grace Stubblefield Reade W. Corr, Student, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. – Reade Watlington Corr, b. 10/10/1905, d. 2001, s/o Rev. Harry Lee Corr & Emma Rosalie Bayse Ella Muse, Teaching, Lexington, Va. – Ella Coates Muse, b. 10/22/1904, d. 7/4/1980, d/o Peachy Elbert Muse & Annie Valentine Heywood, m. Benjamin Elias Borden

Hayes High School Alumni Founded in 1904 Class of 1910 , Mr. Kirk, Principal Marie Bridges—Mrs. J. Smith, Hayes Store, Va. – Marie Juanita Bridges, b. 12/6/1891, d. 6/5/1979, d/o Thomas Francis Bridges & Mary Otey Bartow Hughes, m. Dr. James Waller Smith Sally Bridges—Mrs. Hugh Simcoe, Norfolk, Va. – Sarah Foster Bridges, b. 1889, d. 1931, d/o Thomas Francis Bridges & Mary Otey Bartow Hughes, m. Hugh Stanley Simcoe

Class of 1911 , Mr. W. R. Chatman, Principal Hayes High School in 1923 Mable Willett—Mrs. Walter Buck, Glass, Va. – Mabel Willett, b. 12/2/1892, d. 10/31/1980, d/o John Henry Willett & Mary C. Hogg, m. Walter Roger Buck Jr. Wallace Williams—married, Garage, Wicomico, Va. – Wallace Wellington Williams, b. 5/23/1890, d. 6/23/1969, s/o Philip Henry Williams & Sarah C. Heywood, m. Roberta Fleming

Class of 1912 , Mr. Fritz Jones, Principal Louise Bray, Teaching, Guilford, N. C. – Frances Louise Bray, b. 1894, d. 1976, d/o Joshua Garrett Bray & Fannie Washington Hawkins Granville Minor, Va. Highway Commission, Richmond, Va. – Granville F. Minor, b. 3/1/1893, d. 9/12/1978, s/o John Edward Minor & Martha Allen Hawkins, m. Winnie Lewis

Class of 1913 , Mrs. I. M. Anderton, Principal Elieza Clements—Mrs. W. L. Ball, Scottsville, Va. – Elieza Virginia Clements, b. 8/27/1895, d. 12/7/1974, d/o Dr. David Oscar Clements & Caroline Miller, m. William Lee Bell Hugh White, Teaching, Suffolk, Va. – Hugh Vernon White, b. 1894, d. 1974, s/o William Henry White & Mary Alice Hogg, m. Mary Lois Claud

Class of 1914 , Mr. Marshall Bristow, Principal Eunice Croswell—Mrs. J. Vaughan Gary, Richmond, Va. – Carrie Eunice Croswell, b. 1897, d. 1991, d/o William H. Croswell & Carrie E. Bryan, m. J. Vaughan Gary Maud Field, Teaching, Charlotte County, Va. – Maude Wellington Fields, b. 1895, d. 1989, d/o Eli Cary Fields & Alice Lena Foxwell, m. James Fulton Singleton

Vol. 17, No. 2 43 December 2013 Alumni of Hayes High School

Pearl Hogg—Mrs. Hogg, Charlotte County, Va. – Virginia Pearl Hogge, b. 8/2/1894, d. 2/28/1980, d/o John Letcher Hogge & Lucy Virginia Hogg, m. Grover Cleveland Hogge Edna Minor—Mrs. Curtis, Teaching, Lee Hall, Va. – Edna Minor, b. 1895, d/o John Edward Minor & Martha Allen Hawkins, m. Edward R. Curtis Vashti Tillage—Mrs. Edward Anderton, Gloucester Point, Va. – Laura Vashti Tillage, b. 9/10/1896, d. 5/13/1984, d/o Albert Hammond Tillage & Ida Bell Harris, m. James Edward Anderton Sally Williams—Mrs. Morris, Portsmouth, Va. – Sallie Virginia Williams, b. 1894, d. 1989, d/o Philip Henry Williams & Sarah C. Heywood, m. Pearl Hogge Edwin Loyall Morris

Class of 1915 , Mr. Trainham, Principal Wilbur Lee, Baltimore, Md. – Wilbur S. Lee, b. 1896, s/o Hammie & Virginia B. Lee Lucy Minor, Coke, Va. – Lucy Minor, b. 1894, d. 1980, d/o Joshua T. Minor & Lucy Elizabeth Ransone, m. Edwin W. Pointer Jennings Hogg—married, Merchant, Wicomico, Va. – Charles Jennings Hogg, b. 1896, d. 1993, s/o John Edwin Hogg & Florida Florence Minor, m. Myrtle Shackelford Cora Williams, Stenographer, Hayes Store, Va. – Cora Elizabeth Williams, b. 9/3/1896, d. 4/6/1975, d/o William Preston Williams & Roberta A. Hogg, m. Theodore Edward Kendrick

Class of 1916 , Mr. Trainham, Principal Nina Minor, Coke, Va. – Nina Belle Minor, b. 1898, d/o Joshua T. Minor & Lucy Elizabeth Ransone, m. Ryan S. Ransone Hyloh Minor, Teaching, Coke, Va. – Hylah Lee Minor, b. 1898, d. 1968, d/o John Edward Minor & Martha Allen Hawkins Hobart Hall, Farming, Glass, Va. – Hobart Lee Hall, b. 1897, d. 1973, s/o Silas Sylvester Hall & Sallie Clark Dutton, m. Gladys J. Hogge Lucy Robins, Teaching, Gloucester Point, Va. – Lucy Gertrude Robins, b. 9/26/1899, d. 1987, d/o Marion Ashe Robins & Elizabeth Foster Bray, m. Thomas Marvin Lynch Mary Williams, Stenographer, Norfolk, Va. – Mary Alice Williams, b. 10/5/1897, d. 2/4/1993, d/o Philip Henry Williams & Sarah C. Heywood, m. Edwin Dudley Gale Julia Williams, Stenographer, Newport News, Va. – Julia Ford Willliams, b. 1899, d. 1986, d/o Charles O. Williams & Gertrude A. Ford, m. Joel Watkins Jenkins Cabot Williams-married, Texaco Oil Delivery, Gloucester Point, Va. – Preston Cabot Williams, b. 10/2/1898, d. 1/29/1949, s/o William Preston Williams & Roberta Alice Hogg, m. Mae Purcell Thornton Cabot Williams

Vol. 17, No. 2 44 December 2013 Alumni of Hayes High School

Class of 1917 , Rev. Thomas Corr, Principal Nelia Hogg—Mrs. George DeHardit, Gloucester, Va. – Cornelia Hogg, b. 7/18/1898, d. 6/18/1983, d/o John Edwin Hogg & Florida Florence Minor, m. George Paul DeHardit Nellie Hogg—Mrs. Moray, Berry, Penn. – Nellie Hogg, b. 7/18/1898, d. 7/6/1963, d/o John Edwin Hogg & Florida Florence Minor, m. Victor Russell Mowry Mable Oliver—Mrs. Hughes, Richmond, Va. – Mabel V. Oliver, b. 1897, d. 1993, d/o Benjamin Franklin Oliver & Elenora Davis Riley, m. 1st Charles H. Hughes, m. 2nd Ralph Bellwood Nellie Oliver—Mrs. Bray, Baltimore, Md. – Nellie L. Oliver, b. 1901, d/o Benjamin Franklin Oliver & Elenora Davis Riley, m. Willie Bray Mable Shackelford—Mrs. M. Tillage, Gloucester Point, Va. – Mabel M. Shackelford, b. 2/22/1898, d. 1/17/1968, d/o James Richard Shackelford & Cornelia Ruth Ambrose, m. Moody Littleton Tillage Ada Wright—Mrs. Harvey Williams, Norfolk, Va. – Ada H. Wright, b. 1899, d/o John S. Wright & Esther Everett Williams, m. James Arthur Williams

Class of 1918 , Mr. H. D. Pegg, Principal Eber Bunting-married, Insurance, Hayes Store, Va. – Eber Augustus Bunting, b. 1902, d. 1979, s/o Arthur Augustus Bunting & Chanity F. Ashew, m. Bertha Clements Shackelford Jane Edwards, Teaching, Ordinary, Va. – Jane Rebecca Seawell Edwards, b. 9/6/1896, d. 11/26/1960, d/o John Alonzo Edwards II & Mary Contesse Seawell Helen Lewis—Mrs. Walter Weiss, Chicago, Ill. – Helen Eudora Lewis, b. 9/9/1900, d. 1/29/1988, d/o Edward Coleman Lewis & Cora Elizabeth Harris, m. Walter William Weiss Carrie Muse—Mrs. Lynwood Vaughan, Cologne, Va. – Carrie Elizabeth Muse, b. 1892, d/o Charles Harvey Muse & Catherine Elizabeth Fleet, m. B. Lindwood Vaughan Lawrence Oliver, General Delivery, Coke, Va. – Lawrence Puller Oliver, b. 12/20/1899, d. 4/3/1966, s/o Thomas Andrew Jackson Oliver & Elizabeth Lewis Riley, m. Sue V. Turner Rebecca Williams—Mrs. Charles, Penn. – Rebecca Williams, b. 1899, d/o Philip Henry Williams & Sarah C. Heywood, m. Andrew G. Charles Carrie Wright, Teaching, Portsmouth, Va. – Carrie Wright, b. 1901, d/o John S. Wright & Esther Everett Williams, m. Arthur Smith

Class of 1919 , Rev. Clement Wilson Hudson, Principal Welford Hogg, Student, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va. – Edward Welford Hogg, b. 9/5/1902, d. 8/11/1963, s/o John Edwin Hogg & Florida Florence Minor, m. Floye Gail Sisson Roland Oliver, General Delivery, Coke, Va. – Roland Hill Oliver, b. 1902, d. 1988, s/o Thomas Andrew Jackson Oliver & Elizabeth Lewis Riley, m. Alberta Brown J. E. Wilkins, Newport News, Va. – John E. Williams, b. 1902, s/o Charles O. Williams & Gertrude A. Ford Elsom Wright, Student, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va. – James Elsom Wright, b. 1902, d. 1967, s/o John S. Wright & Esther Everett Williams, m. Ernestine C. ?

Vol. 17, No. 2 45 December 2013 Alumni of Hayes High School

Class of 1920 , Mrs. I. M. Anderton, Principal Cladys Collier, Gloucester, Va. – Gladys Maud Collier, b. 4/15/1902, d. 6/9/1972, d/o James William Collier & Clara J. Sterling, m. Grayson Baily Rudd Vera Crewe, Wicomico, Va. – Vera R. Crewe, b. 1902, d/o James E. Crewe & Pearl Josephine Jordan, m. Mr. Madison Marian Robins—Mrs. Eranion, Bedford City, Va. – Marian Foster Robins, b. 1/11/1989, d. 3/22/1989, d/o Marion Ashe Robins & Elizabeth Foster Bray, m. John Irving Pollock Lolita Lewis, Stenographer, Portsmouth, Va. – Lolita Edry Lewis, b. 3/21/1903, d. 12/25/1978, d/o Edward Coleman Lewis & Cora Elizabeth Harris, m. Maryus Copel Owens Elsie Minor—Mrs. Herman Buck, Glass, Va. – Elsie Carington Minor, b. 2/27/1902, d. 12/21/2001, d/o John Edward Minor & Martha Allen Hawkins, m. Herman Douglas Buck Mary Vaughan, Teaching – Mary Vaughan, b. 1900, d/o Augustine M. Vaughan & Annie Rebecca Hill, m. Lewis Morgan Kemp

Class of 1921 , Mr. A. F. Lewey, Principal May Ash—Mrs. John Poland, Shelby, Ohio – Mae A. Ashe, b. 1902, d. 1994, d/o James Polk Ashe Jr. & Margaret Estelle Newbill, m. John B. Poland Emma Corr, Stenographer, C. & O. R. R., Norfolk, Va. – Emma F. Carr, b. 1903, d/o Charles T. & Fannie B. Carr Vernell Field, Teaching, Wicomico, Va. – Vernelle Theresa Fields, b. 4/5/1903, d. 3/7/1989, d/o Eli Cary Fields & Alice Lena Foxwell, m. 1st James Barron Shackelford, m. 2nd Walter Goodwyn Alice Green, Teaching, York County, Va. – Alice D. Green, b. 6/17/1904, d. 3/25/1996, d/o Thomas Franklin Green & Lucy Catherine Wroten, m. George Curtis Wilson Jennie Hogg—Mrs. Mortie Rowe, Hayes Store, Va. – Jennie Thornton Hogge, b. 5/14/1901, d. 7/24/1983, d/o Richard Thornton Hogge & Cora Davenport Williams, m. James Mortimer Rowe Mabel Lewis, Teaching, Gloucester, Va. – Mabel C. Lewis, b. 1903, d. 1990, d/o William Coleman Lewis & Viola Amelia Williamson, m. 1st John Wiggins, m. 2nd Corbell Ingram Alice Green Eloise Minor, Teaching, Bridges, Va. – Eloise Bryan Minor, b. 12/12/1903, d. 12/23/1983, Quintus Minor & Lulie Sarah Bryan, m. John Preston Miller Dollie Muse, Ordinary, Va. – Sarah Lucenia “Dolly” Muse, b. 10/3/1902, d. 2/13/1954, d/o Peachy Elert Muse & Annie Valentine Heywood Lois Trice, Teaching, Hayes Store, Va. – Lois E. Trice, b. 1903, d/o Charles E. & Ida E. Trice, m. Ralph Benjamin Riley Harry Carmine, works of wooden ships, V.P.I. next year, mail at Wicomico, Va. – John Harry Carmine, 1901, d. 1986, s/o Henry Lisk Carmine & Eva Howard Fosque, m. Edith C. Lewis Allan Minor, Keeping Store, Coke, Va. – Allen Minor, b. 1905, d. 1940, s/o John Edward Minor & Martha Allen Hawkins Irving Willett, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Henry Irving Willett, b. 1904, s/o

Vol. 17, No. 2 46 December 2013 Alumni of Hayes High School

John Henry & Ada W. Willett, m. Bettie Ballard

Class of 1922 , Mr. B. P. Meyers, Principal Martha Bray, Teaching, Gloucester, Va. – Martha Hawkins Bray, b. 1904, d/o Joshua Garrett Bray & Fannie Washington Hawkins, m. William A. Scott Margaret Muse, Studying, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – Margaret Ruth Muse, b. 6/21/1905, d/o Robert Wake Pooler Muse & Catherine Pauline Hogg, m. George Meredith Trible Jr. Doris Riley, Training, Buxton Hospital, Newport News, Va. – Doris Marie Riley, b. 1903, d. 1980, d/o Eugene Soles Riley & Henrietta May Oliver Lucy Williams, Teaching, Giles County, Va. – Lucy Senora Williams, b. 1905, d/o Charles O. Williams & Gertrude A. Ford, m. Dorsey Harold Stuart Alpheus Williams, Student, W&M College, Williamsburg, Va. – David Alpheus Williams, b. 7/7/1904, d. 1/5/1937, s/o William Preston Williams & Roberta A. Hogg, m. Ella Mae Beville Julian Williams, Student, Norfolk Business College – Julian A. Williams, b. 1903, d. 1980, s/o Philip Henry Williams & Sarah C. Heywood

The Great Carmine Reunion was held at Providence Baptist Church on Saturday, April 29, 2013. Honored attendees who were at least 80 years old included Walden Carmine, Katherine Carmine, Joyce Ambrose Hogge, and Odell Carmine of Gloucester; Raybelle Pickin Wilson of Hampton; and Mildred King Lambert of Lee Hall.

Vol. 17, No. 2 47 December 2013

Insurance Photographs of Gloucester County School Buildings

Submitted by Lee Brown

In the previous issue (FTS, Vol. 17, No. 1), part of a collection of undated Gloucester County school photographs was presented. They included the Achilles, Botetourt, Hayes, and Gloucester Training School The rest of the collection is presented below. Our guess is that these photographs were taken around 1950. They were small community school houses that were eventually closed, and the students were bussed to consolidated county public schools.

Bena Hayes School James Store School (Brooks Memorial)

Beech Hill School Smithfield School (Gum Fork)

Bethel School (Sassafras)

Vol. 17, No. 2 48 December 2013