Evaluation of Alternative Discharging Points from Valdivia Cellulose Plant by Using Bayesian Belief Network Systems for Environmental Risk Management
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Crustal Deformation Associated with the 1960 Earthquake Events in the South of Chile
Paper No. CDDFV CRUSTAL DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1960 EARTHQUAKE EVENTS IN THE SOUTH OF CHILE Felipe Villalobos 1 ABSTRACT Large earthquakes can cause significant subsidence and uplifts of one or two meters. In the case of subsidence, coastal and fluvial retaining structures may therefore no longer be useful, for instance, against flooding caused by a tsunami. However, tectonic subsidence caused by large earthquakes is normally not considered in geotechnical designs. This paper describes and analyses the 1960 earthquakes that occurred in the south of Chile, along almost 1000 km between Concepción and the Taitao peninsula. Attention is paid to the 9.5 moment magnitude earthquake aftermath in the city of Valdivia, where a tsunami occurred followed by the overflow of the Riñihue Lake. Valdivia and its surrounding meadows were flooded due to a subsidence of approximately 2 m. The paper presents hypotheses which would explain why today the city is not flooded anymore. Answers can be found in the crustal deformation process occurring as a result of the subduction thrust. Various hypotheses show that the subduction mechanism in the south of Chile is different from that in the north. It is believed that there is also an elastic short-term effect which may explain an initial recovery and a viscoelastic long-term effect which may explain later recovery. Furthermore, measurements of crustal deformation suggest that a process of stress relaxation is still occurring almost 50 years after the main seismic event. Keywords: tectonic subsidence, 1960 earthquakes, Valdivia, crustal deformation, stress relaxation INTRODUCTION Tectonic subsidence or uplift is not considered in any design of onshore or near shore structures. -
Universidad Austral De Chile Facultad De Ciencias Escuela De Química Y Farmacia
Universidad Austral de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Química y Farmacia PROFESOR PATROCINANTE: Dr. Eduardo Quiroz R. INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS “DETERMINACIÓN DE METALES TRAZA (Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al) EN TOTORA (Scirpus californicus) Y SEDIMENTO EN EL SANTUARIO DE LA NATURALEZA CARLOS ANWANDTER, RÍO CRUCES, VALDIVIA” Tesis de Grado presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al Título de Químico Farmacéutico. YENNY CAROLA CONTRERAS SANDOVAL VALDIVIA-CHILE 2006 AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Laboratorio de Elementos Traza y Nutrientes del Instituto de Química de la Universidad Austral de Chile, por el financiamiento otorgado a este proyecto. Al Doctor Eduardo Quiroz, por la confianza entregada, su buena disposición y apoyo incondicional durante todo este tiempo. Al Profesor Bernardo Jara, por estar siempre dispuesto a escuchar, por su gran apoyo y paciencia además de su buena disposición. Al Señor Manuel Aguilar perteneciente al Instituto de Microbiología, y a la Señorita Alejandra Castillo del Instituto de Física de la Universidad Austral de Chile por su disposición y ayuda en parte del tratamiento de mis muestras. A mis padres por estar siempre conmigo a pesar de que unos cuantos kilómetros nos separan, y a mis hermanos Carlos e Ingrid por acompañarme durante todos estos años. A mis amigas: Kathy, Fabiola, Karina, Ximena, Marvin y Norma. A mis compañeras de Tesis: Yesenia, Pamelita, Valeska, Verónica y Marcelita, y a Francisco Pino por su compañía y ayuda durante gran parte de mi etapa Universitaria. A Dios por haber sido muy generoso conmigo, al haberme permitido tener unos Padres tan preciosos y unos hermanos que no cambiaría por nada… INDICE RESUMEN .......................................................................................................................1 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... -
Ngo Documents 2007-08-06 00:00:00 Banks, Pulp And
Banks, Pulp and People A Primer on Upcoming International Pulp Projects Published by: urgewald e.V. Editing: Lydia Bartz, Heffa Schücking, Patrick Anderson Author: Chris Lang Layout by: Kirsten Everwien, [konzept+gestaltung], Köln, Germany Printed by: Darpe Industriedruck GmbH & Co KG, Warendorf, Germany V.I.S.d.P: Heffa Schücking, Von Galen Str. 2, 48336 Sassenberg, Germany Copyright: © Juni 2007 urgewald Many thanks to the following institutions for their support 2 urgewald – Advocacy for the Environment and Human Rights urgewald is a German non-profit organization, movements, which are challenging the massive whose mission is to address the underlying causes impacts of the pulp industry in their countries. of global environmental destruction and poverty. Time and again, we have experienced that both We monitor the activities of German banks and development and commercial banks are seldom companies abroad and educate the German public aware of the environmental and social impacts of about the negative impacts of our consumption the pulp industry in these countries, when they patterns on people and nature in far-away places. make investment decisions. After years of working with consumers, our forest program has therefore urgewald works closely with affected communities begun to actively reach out to financial institutions and NGOs in the global South. Over the years, we and to encourage them to recognize indigenous have become an important contact point for anti- and local peoples’ rights as well as environmental nuclear campaigners in Eastern Europe, indigenous concerns, when making decisions, that will affect people in Brazil, whose cultures are threatened by the future of communities and ecosystems. -
The Tales of the Grimm Brothers in Colombia: Introduction, Dissemination, and Reception
Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2012 The alest of the grimm brothers in colombia: introduction, dissemination, and reception Alexandra Michaelis-Vultorius Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the German Literature Commons, and the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Michaelis-Vultorius, Alexandra, "The alet s of the grimm brothers in colombia: introduction, dissemination, and reception" (2012). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 386. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. THE TALES OF THE GRIMM BROTHERS IN COLOMBIA: INTRODUCTION, DISSEMINATION, AND RECEPTION by ALEXANDRA MICHAELIS-VULTORIUS DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2011 MAJOR: MODERN LANGUAGES (German Studies) Approved by: __________________________________ Advisor Date __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ © COPYRIGHT BY ALEXANDRA MICHAELIS-VULTORIUS 2011 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION To my parents, Lucio and Clemencia, for your unconditional love and support, for instilling in me the joy of learning, and for believing in happy endings. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This journey with the Brothers Grimm was made possible through the valuable help, expertise, and kindness of a great number of people. First and foremost I want to thank my advisor and mentor, Professor Don Haase. You have been a wonderful teacher and a great inspiration for me over the past years. I am deeply grateful for your insight, guidance, dedication, and infinite patience throughout the writing of this dissertation. -
A Primer on Upcoming International Pulp Projects Published By: Urgewald E.V
Banks, Pulp and People A Primer on Upcoming International Pulp Projects Published by: urgewald e.V. Editing: Lydia Bartz, Heffa Schücking, Patrick Anderson Author: Chris Lang Layout by: Kirsten Everwien, [konzept+gestaltung], Köln, Germany Printed by: Darpe Industriedruck GmbH & Co KG, Warendorf, Germany V.I.S.d.P: Heffa Schücking, Von Galen Str. 2, 48336 Sassenberg, Germany Copyright: © Juni 2007 urgewald Many thanks to the following institutions for their support 2 urgewald – Advocacy for the Environment and Human Rights urgewald is a German non-profit organization, movements, which are challenging the massive whose mission is to address the underlying causes impacts of the pulp industry in their countries. of global environmental destruction and poverty. Time and again, we have experienced that both We monitor the activities of German banks and development and commercial banks are seldom companies abroad and educate the German public aware of the environmental and social impacts of about the negative impacts of our consumption the pulp industry in these countries, when they patterns on people and nature in far-away places. make investment decisions. After years of working with consumers, our forest program has therefore urgewald works closely with affected communities begun to actively reach out to financial institutions and NGOs in the global South. Over the years, we and to encourage them to recognize indigenous have become an important contact point for anti- and local peoples’ rights as well as environmental nuclear campaigners in Eastern Europe, indigenous concerns, when making decisions, that will affect people in Brazil, whose cultures are threatened by the future of communities and ecosystems. -
A Posthumanist Account of the Río Cruces Disaster in Valdivia, Chile
SWANS, ECOLOGICAL STRUGGLES AND ONTOLOGICAL FRACTURES: A Posthumanist Account of the Río Cruces Disaster in Valdivia, Chile by Claudia Sepúlveda A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Geography) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) February 2016 © Claudia Sepúlveda, 2016 Abstract This is a dissertation on ontological struggles –that is, struggles between competing ways of performing the world. More precisely, I study the ontological opening resulting from such struggles once what I call dominant performations are exposed to revision and room is made for non-dominant ontologies, such as alternative human/nature entanglements. I analyze the ontological opening provoked by a landmark event in Valdivia, Chile: the Río Cruces ecological disaster that since 2004 has affected a protected wetland and its colony of black-necked swans. The disaster, that followed the installation of a new pulp-mill by ARAUCO, one of the world’s largest pulpwood companies, sparked an unprecedented mobilization with long-lasting effects. Staying close to the “doings” of the actors, my political ontological interpretation describes, first, how the disaster exposed ARAUCO’s environmental practices as constitutive of its way of performing the forest business and, doing so, also fractured Chile’s until then dominant business model. Second, I describe how the disaster revealed the workings of environmental procedures and the techno-scientific knowledges upon which they were based provoking the breakdown of Chile’s environmental edifice and its ensuing reform. Third, I follow the ontological struggle that the disaster unleashed around Valdivia’s identity once dominant performations tied to the city’s industrial past were confronted. -
Anniversary of Arrival of Pershing in France
PUBLISIZED DAZLY under order of fIfE PRErZDRYT of THE UNZTED STATE by COMMITTEE oa PUBLIC ZNFORMATION GEORGE CREEL, Chairman * * * COMPLETE Record of V. X. GOVERJ[MEJTI Activities VoL. 2 WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 14, 1918. No. 335 ANNIVERSARY OF ARRIVAL Men 32 to 42 Years Old UNIFORMS OF STANDARD CLOTH OF PERSHING INFRANCE Eligible for Commissions AT COST PRICE TO OFFICERS The following statement is authorized Placed and by the War Department: All Orders to Be OCCASION FOR TRIBUTES To correct an erroneous report regard- Paid for Through the Local ing the ages of men desired, the office of Army Quartermasters. FROM FRENCH LEADERS the Chief of Engineers states that appli- cations for commissions as first lieuten- the ants in the Engineer Corps shall be be- The War Department authorizes U. S. TROOPS PRAISED tween 32 and 36 years of age and for following statement from the Director of commissions as captains between 36 and Operations, General Staff: Poincaire, Pre- 42. The Engineer Corps is conducting a Army officers will soon be able to have President campaign for 2,000 more commissioned standard uniforms made at cost. Stand- mier Clemenceau, Gen- officers. The examining board will leave ard cloths have been adopted for officers' for a tour of principal cities of the uniforms, and all uniforms for officers erals Foch and Petain country in about 10 days. made in the future in the United States will be made of standard materials. Or- Send Messages of Con- ders will be placed with local quarter- DISLOYALTY ON THE PART masters, who will have supervision over gratulations and Grati- the contractor's agent, settling for uni- OF A NATURAIED CITIZEN forms as soon as they are accepted and tude to Commander in paid for by the officers. -
SUSTAINABILITY Report
2018 SUSTAINABILITY report 2018 report SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY report 2018 4 1 2018 report ABOUT US GLOBALIZATION AND PEOPLE OF 1 2 EFFICIENCY 3 EXCELLENCE 04 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 24 OUR BUSINESSES 60 OUR TEAM 08 ABOUT ARAUCO 44 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 70 COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT 12 SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY 48 INNOVATION 74 IDENTITY, COMMITMENT AND CLIMATE SUSTAINABILITY 14 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 54 OUR PRODUCTS 78 CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 18 CORPORATE BEST PRACTICES MANAGEMENT 20 RISKS AND CHALLENGES OCCUPATIONAL COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL 4 HEALTH AND SAFETY 5 6 MANAGEMENT CONTENTS 82 SAFETY 102 COMMUNITY, PARTICIPATION AND DIALOGUE 126 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE FORESTRY BUSINESS 92 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 106 COMMUNITY PROGRAMS 144 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES 96 JOINT COMMITTEES 112 PARTICIPATION PROCESSES AND DIALOGUE 7 SCOPE 8 APPENDICES 162 SCOPE 166 ARAUCO SUBSIDIARIES AND SHARES 168 MEMBERSHIP AND NETWORKS 174 GLOBAL GRI INDEX 2 3 2018 report SUSTAINABILITY CHAIRMAN`S STATEMENT For ARAUCO, 2018 was a special year, during which we le; the purchase of two Masisa industrial complexes in deepened commitments and projects, contributing to the Mexico, Durango and Zitacuaro at the beginning of 2019, development of the industry and the communities of which and the process of voluntary citizen participation and we are part. This has allowed us to continue to position presentation of the environmental impact study to the ourselves. We are a global player, thanks to work carried Environmental Impact Assessment Service of the Wind out with high standards by an exceptional workforce. Viento Sur wind farm, located in Arauco commune, Chile. Promoting the use of a renewable resource such as wood We have developed all these advances with a long- is at the heart of our strategic development. -
Arauco Chile
Arauco Chile Sectors: Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills On record This profile is no longer actively maintained, with the information now possibly out of date Send feedback on this profile By: Marilia Monteiro Silva – BankTrack Created before Nov 2016 Last update: May 19 2020 Contact: [email protected] Sectors Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills Headquarters Ownership Arauco is controlled by the Angelini family and is part of the Empresas Copec holding. Subsidiaries Website http://www.arauco.cl About Arauco Celulosa Arauco y Constituición S.A. (Arauco) is Chile’s second largest pulp producer with a total capacity of 3.9 million tonnes of pulp. It has one million hectares of fibre plantations in South America and it owns seven pulp mills, nine saw mills, 30 panel mills and 13 energy plants. It has operations in Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, the United States of America, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Germany and South Africa. Latest developments ARAUCO approves the construction of MAPA, the largest investment in the company's history Jul 24 2018 Montes del Plata pulp mill starts operations Jun 7 2014 Why this profile? In 2018, Arauco announced it will proceed with its MAPA project, which includes building a new pulp mill line at its Horcones mill. This will intensify the social and environmental impacts already caused by Arauco's plantations. It may also further fuel the conflict between forestry companies in general and the Mapuche people, over access to land. Impacts Social and human rights impacts Land conflicts Arauco has a long history of involvement in land conflicts in Chile, dating back to the 1970s. -
Universidad Austral De Chile Facultad De Ciencias Escuela De Química Y Farmacia
Universidad Austral de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Química y Farmacia PROFESOR PATROCINANTE: Dr. Eduardo Quiroz R. INSTITUTO: Química FACULTAD: Ciencias DETERMINACIÓN DE METALES PESADOS ( Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al ) EN SEDIMENTO Y AGUA EN LOS RÍOS NANIHUE, CUDICO, CRUCES EN LA PROVINCIA DE VALDIVIA Tesis de Grado presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al Título de Químico Farmacéutico VALESKA MAGALY ALVARADO CATRILEF VALDIVIA-CHILE 2009 2 Dedicada a mi Madre por su cariño y apoyo incondicional durante todos estos años, te quiero mucho y eres todo para mí…... 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS Al laboratorio de Elementos Traza y Nutrientes del Instituto de Química de la Universidad Austral de Chile, por el financiamiento otorgado. Al Dr. Eduardo Quiroz por su paciencia, apoyo y por aceptarme en su laboratorio. Al profesor Bernardo por su paciencia, por su apoyo y por la buena disposición para enseñar, gracias profe. A mi Madre (la cochita), por todo su amor, cariño, y por estar siempre conmigo en mis alegrías y mis penas durante todos estos años. A mi Padre por su esfuerzo, para que pueda estudiar. A mis hermanos Susana, Olga, Sandra, Carlos, y mis sobrinos, Chinin, Benjita, Verónica, Jeremías, Daniel, Álvaro, Bárbara, por su cariño y apoyo, son muy importantes para mí. Quiero darle las gracias por todo tu amor y apoyo en estos últimos meses al Kennosuke, gracias por todo amorcito. Entre las cosas lindas que me paso aquí en Valdivia, fue haber conocido a mis amigas, Silvia, Verónica, Vania, Ivette, Carito, Marisol, Yasnita, Magaly, Yessenia, Marianita, por todos los momentos que pasamos juntas. -
Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE _________________________________________________________________ CASE CONCERNING PULP MILLS ON THE RIVER URUGUAY ARGENTINA v. URUGUAY REJOINDER OF URUGUAY VOLUME I _________________________________________________________________ 29 JULY 2008 VOLUME I REJOINDER OF URUGUAY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .............................................................................................................1 Section I. Further Observations on Jurisdiction ................................................7 Section II. Summary of Argument ....................................................................9 Section III. Structure of the Rejoinder ............................................................24 PART I CHAPTER 2. THE LAW APPLICABLE TO THE PROCEDURAL ISSUES .........................................................................................27 Section I. The Nature and Scope of CARU’s Involvement Under Articles 7-12 ...................................................................................................34 A. The Role of CARU ......................................................................34 B. The Timing of Notice to CARU...................................................47 C. The Relevance of the 1997 Watercourse Convention ..................59 D. The Relative Status of Procedural and Substantive Rights...........................................................................................67 E. The Issue of Argentina’s Industrial -
Elementos Traza En Sedimento Fueron: Pb (3,5 – 10,9 Mg/Kg)
Universidad Austral de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Química y Farmacia PROFESOR PATROCINANTE: Dr. Eduardo Quiroz R. INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS “DETERMINACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS TRAZA (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, As, Hg) EN AGUAS Y SEDIMENTO DEL SANTUARIO DE LA NATURALEZA CARLOS ANWANDTER, VALDIVIA”. Tesis de Grado presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al Título de Químico Farmacéutico. EVELYN RACHEL SOTO SAAVEDRA VALDIVIA- CHILE 2010 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS Al laboratorio de Elementos Traza y Nutrientes del Instituto de Química de la Universidad Austral de Chile, por el financiamiento otorgado. Al Doctor Eduardo Quiroz por el apoyo entregado, su buena disposición para responder a mis consultas, y por darme la oportunidad de realizar este estudio. Al profesor Hernán Palma y la profesora Susan Hess, por su disposición para formar parte de mi comisión. A mis compañeras de laboratorio Carola, Valentina y Claudia, por hacer más entretenido el trabajo diario. Y finalmente a mis padres y familia por acompañarme y apoyarme en este largo camino, han sido un pilar fundamental en mi vida, al igual que mi “Janter”, sin ustedes no lo habría logrado. 3 INDICE 1. RESUMEN .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 6 2. INTRODUCCIÓN .....................................................................................................................