1962 No. 1550 CARIBBEAN and NORTH ATLANTIC TERRITORIES
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Survey of British Colonial Development Policy
No. E 68-A RESTRICTED r:;: ONE '\f ..- tf\rhi.§..l report is restricted to use within the Bank Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized SURVEY OF BRITISH COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY November 9. 1949 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Economic Department Prepared by: B. King TABLE OF CONTE.t-J'TS Page No. I. PREFACE (and Map) • • • • • • • • • t • • .. .. i II. SPi!IMARY • • •••• .. .. ., . , . · .. iv , . III. THE COLONIES UP TO 1940' •• .. .. .. .. • • • 1 TJi.BLES I '& II • .'. .. • • • • • • • • 8 . IV. THE COLONIES SINCE, 1940 ••• • • • • • • • • 10 TABlES III to VI • • • 0 • • • • • • • • 29 APPElIIDIX - THE CURRENCY SYSTEMS OF' THE cOtOlUAL EI'!PlRE .....,,,.,. 34 (i) I. PREFACE The British Colonial :empire is a sO!!lm-:hat loose expression embracing some forty dependencies of the United Kingdom. For the purposes of this paper the term vdll be used to cover all dependencies administered through the Colonial Office on December 31" 1948 cmd" in addition, the three :30uth African High Cowmission territories, which are under the control of the Commonwealth Relations Office. This definition is adopted" since its scope is the same as that of the various Acts of Parliament passed since lSll.~O to Dovcloptx;nt promote colomal development, including the Overseas Resourceshct y::rLcl1 established the Colonial Development Corporation. A full list of the~e ter:-itories 17ill be found in the list following. It [;hould be noted th'lt in conform..i.ty vri th the provisions of the recent Acts vIhieh apply only to flcolonies not possessing responsible govermnent,uYthe definition given above excludes the self-governing colony of Southern :Ehodesia, v(nose rela- tions with the United Kinr;dom are conducted through the Co:nmonlrealth Relations Office. -
Final Report
Jamaican Justice System Reform Task Force Final Report June 2007 Jamaican Justice System Reform Task Force (JJSRTF) Prof. Barrington Chevannes, Chair The Hon. Mr. Justice Lensley Wolfe, O.J. (Chief Justice of Jamaica) Mrs. Carol Palmer, J.P. (Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Justice) Mr. Arnaldo Brown (Ministry of National Security) DCP Linval Bailey (Jamaica Constabulary Force) Mr. Dennis Daly, Q.C. (Human Rights Advocate) Rev. Devon Dick, J.P. (Civil Society) Mr. Eric Douglas (Public Sector Reform Unit, Cabinet Office) Mr. Patrick Foster (Attorney-General’s Department) Mrs. Arlene Harrison-Henry (Jamaican Bar Association) Mrs. Janet Davy (Department of Correctional Services) Mrs. Valerie Neita Robertson (Advocates Association) Miss Lisa Palmer (Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions) The Hon. Mr. Justice Seymour Panton, C.D. (Court of Appeal) Ms. Donna Parchment, C.D., J.P. (Dispute Resolution Foundation) Miss Lorna Peddie (Civil Society) Miss Hilary Phillips, Q.C. (Jamaican Bar Association) Miss Kathryn M. Phipps (Jamaica Labour Party) Mrs. Elaine Romans (Court Administrators) Mr. Milton Samuda/Mrs. Stacey Ann Soltau-Robinson (Jamaica Chamber of Commerce) Mrs. Jacqueline Samuels-Brown (Advocates Association) Mrs. Audrey Sewell (Justice Training Institute) Miss Melissa Simms (Youth Representative) Mr. Justice Ronald Hugh Small, Q.C. (Private Sector Organisation of Jamaica) Her Hon. Ms. Lorraine Smith (Resident Magistrates) Mr. Carlton Stephen, J.P. (Lay Magistrates Association) Ms. Audrey Thomas (Public Sector Reform Unit, Cabinet Office) Rt. Rev. Dr. Robert Thompson (Church) Mr. Ronald Thwaites (Civil Society) Jamaican Justice System Reform Project Team Ms. Robin Sully, Project Director (Canadian Bar Association) Mr. Peter Parchment, Project Manager (Ministry of Justice) Dr. -
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
RESTRICTED L/2167 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON 4 March 1964 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution Original: English SUBMISSION BY THE SOUTHERN RHODESIAN GOVERNMENT FOR THE INFORMATION OF CONTRACTING PARTIES Following the dissolution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland on 31 December 1963 and the resumption by the Southern Rhodesian Government on 1 January 1964 of its former status as a contracting party to the General Agreement, the Southern Rhodesian Government wishes to inform contracting parties that it has adapted to its own use the former Federal customs..and excise legislation and, for its part, is applying on a provisional l>a si s .the terms and provisions of the trade agreements concluded by the former Federal Government with the Governments of the Commonwealth of Australia.,..the Republic of South Africa, the Bechuanaland Protectorate, Swaziland and Basutoland, Canada, Portugal and Japan. The Southern Rhodesian Government would also inform contracting parties that in so far as trade with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland is concerned its objective has been to disturb 3s little as possible the trading arrangements which existed up to £0, December 1963. Attached at Appendix A^ is a copy of a joint statement issued by the Northern and Southern Rhodesian ftovernments on 31 December 1963 regarding the interim arrangaments relating to trade between the two territories which became effective on 1 January 1964 and which will remain in force until replaced by alternative arrangements. At Appendix Bl is a copy of the Trade Agreement entered into between the Government of Nyasaland and the Government of Southern Rhodesia on 6 January 1964. -
Nyasa Clandestine Migration Through Southern Rhodesia Into the Union of South Africa: 1920S – 1950S
Settling in Motion: Nyasa Clandestine Migration through Southern Rhodesia into the Union of South Africa: 1920s – 1950s Anusa Daimon Centre for Africa Studies University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa Abstract Illegal African migration into South Africa is not uniquely a post-apartheid phenomenon. It has its antecedents in the colonial/apartheid period. The South Africa colonial economy relied heavily on cheap African labour from both within and outside the Union. Most foreign migrant labourers came from the then Nyasaland (Malawi) and Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) through official channels of the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA). WNLA was active throughout the Southern Africa and competed for the same labour resource with other regional supranational ‘native’ labour recruitment agencies, providing various incentives to lure and transport potential employees to its bustling South African gold and diamond mining industry. However, not all migrant labourers found their way through formal WNLA channels. Using archival material from repositories in Harare (Zimbabwe), Zomba (Malawi), Grahamstown (South Africa), London and Oxford (UK), the article casts light on illicit migration mainly by Malawian labourers (Nyasas) through Southern Rhodesia into South Africa between the 1920s and 1950s. It argues that many transient Nyasas subverted the inhibitive WNLA contractual obligations by clandestinely migrating independently into the Union. They also exploited the labour recruitment infrastructure used by the state and labour bureaus to swiftly move across Southern Rhodesia. In essence, Nyasas settled in motion, using Southern Rhodesia as a stepping-stone or springboard en-route to the more lucrative Union of South Africa. An appreciation of such informal migration opens up space for creating a more comprehensive historiography of labour migration in Southern Africa. -
Constitutional Reform in the English-Speaking Caribbean: Challenges and Prospects
Constitutional Reform in the English-Speaking Caribbean: Challenges and Prospects A report prepared for the Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum January 2011 The Constitutional Design Group Principals Zachary Elkins | [email protected] Tom Ginsburg | [email protected] Lead Research Associate Justin Blount | [email protected] The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect those of CPPF or the Social Science Research Council. Constitutional Reform in the ESC p. 2 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 Historical Perspectives on Constitutional Reform in the ESC ................................................. 4 Decolonization and the Independece Constitutions ............................................................... 4 The Rise and Fall of the West Indies Federation ................................................................... 5 Characteristics of ESC Constitutions ......................................................................................... 6 Some General Notes on the Nature of ESC Constitutional Texts ......................................... 7 Executives, Legislatures, and the Judiciary ........................................................................... 8 Fidelity to the Westminster Parliamentary System ........................................................... 8 The Judiciary ..................................................................................................................... -
Cultural Production in Andrea Levy's Small Island Author: Alicia E
ENTERTEXT Identity as Cultural Production in Andrea Levy's Small Island Author: Alicia E. Ellis Source: EnterText, “Special Issue on Andrea Levy 9,” (2012): 69-83. Abstract Andrea Levy's Small Island (2004) presents a counter-history of the period before and after World War II (1939-1945) when men and women from the Caribbean volunteered for all branches of the British armed services and many eventually immigrated to London after the war officially ended in 1945. Her historical novel moves back and forth between 1924 and 1948 as well as across national borders and cultures. Levy’s novel, written more than fifty years after the first Windrush arrival, creates a common narrative of nation and identity in order to understand the experiences of Black people in Britain. Small Island—structured around four competing voices whose claims of textual, personal and historical truth must be acknowledged—refuses to establish a singular articulation of the experience of migration and empire. In this essay, I focus on discrete moments in the “Prologue” in Levy’s Small Island in order to think through the formation of discursive identity through the encounter with others and the necessity of accommodating difference. Small Island forecloses the possibility of addressing modern multiculturalism as a purported ‘happy ending’ in light of Levy’s formulation of the Windrush moment as disruptive, violent, and overwhelmed by flawed characters. Yet, through the space of writing, she also invites the reader to experience moments of encounter and negotiate the often competing claims on nationhood, citizenship, and culture. Identity as Cultural Production in Andrea Levy's Small Island Alicia E. -
"Free Negroes" - the Development of Early English Jamaica and the Birth of Jamaican Maroon Consciousness, 1655-1670
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 12-16-2015 "Free Negroes" - The Development of Early English Jamaica and the Birth of Jamaican Maroon Consciousness, 1655-1670 Patrick John Nichols Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Nichols, Patrick John, ""Free Negroes" - The Development of Early English Jamaica and the Birth of Jamaican Maroon Consciousness, 1655-1670." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/100 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “FREE NEGROES” – THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY ENGLISH JAMAICA AND THE BIRTH OF JAMAICAN MAROON CONSCIOUSNESS, 1655-1670 by PATRICK JOHN NICHOLS Under the Direction of Harcourt Fuller, PhD ABSTRACT The English conquest of Jamaica in 1655 was a turning point in the history of Atlantic World colonialism. Conquest displaced the Spanish colony and its subjects, some of who fled into the mountainous interior of Jamaica and assumed lives in isolation. This project reconstructs the historical experiences of the “negro” populations of Spanish and English Jamaica, which included its “free black”, “mulattoes”, indigenous peoples, and others, and examines how English cosmopolitanism and distinct interactions laid the groundwork for and informed the syncretic identities and communities that emerged decades later. Upon the framework of English conquest within the West Indies, I explore the experiences of one such settlement alongside the early English colony of Jamaica to understand how a formal relationship materialized between the entities and how its course inflected the distinct socio-political identity and emergent political agency embodied by the Jamaican Maroons. -
Malawi Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Geography, History and the Economy Geography Malawi is a landlocked country bordered to the north and northeast by the United Republic of Tanzania, to the east, south and southwest by the People's Republic of Mozambique and to the west by the Republic of Zambia. It is 901 kilometres long and ranges in width from 80 to 161 kilometres. The country has a total area of 118,484 square kilometres, of which 94,276 square kilometres is land area. Fifty-six percent of the land area is arable. Malawi's most striking topographic feature is the Rift Valley which runs through the entire length of the country, passing through Lake Malawi in the northem and central part of the country to the Shire Valley in the south. To the west and south of the lake are fertile plains and high mountain ranges whose main peaks range from 1,698 to 3,002 metres. The country is divided into three administrative regions; Northern, Central and Southern. There are twenty-four districts, five in the Northern Region, nine in the Central Region and ten in the Southern Region. In each district there are Traditional Authorities (or chiefs) and the smallest administrative unit is the village. There are 43 Traditional Authorities in the Northcrn Region, 79 in the Central Region and 83 in the Southern Region. Malawi experiences a tropical continental climate with some maritime influences. Rainfall and temperature are greatly influenced by the lake and altitude, which varies from 37 to 3,050 meters above sea level. -
Annual Report of the Colonies. Nyasaland 1922
This document was created by the Digital Content Creation Unit University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2010 COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL. No. 1162. NYASALAND. REPORT FOR 1922. (For Report for 1921 see No. 1158.) LONDON: PRINTED & PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE to be purchased trough any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses! Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, and 28 Abingdon Street, London, S.W.I; York Street, Manchester; 1 St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff; or 120 George Street, Edinburgh. 1923. Price 61. Net. COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL. No. 1162. NYASALAND. ANNUAL GENERAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1922.* GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL. BOUNDARIES. The territory comprised in the Nyasaland Protectorate is a strip about 520 miles in length and varying from 50 to 100 miles in width. It lies approximately between latitude S. 9° 45', and 17° 16', and longitude E. 33° and 36°. The area is roughly 40,000 square miles, or about one-third the area of the British Ioles. The most southerly portion of the Protectorate is about 130 miles from the sea as the crow flies. This strip falls naturally into two divisions: (1) consisting of the western shore of Lake Nyasa, with the high tablelands separating it from the basin of the Loangwa river in Northern Rhodesia, and (2) the region lying between the watershed of the Zambesi river and Shire river on the west, and the Lakes Chiuta and Chilwa and the river Ruo, an affluent of the Shire, on the east, including the mountain systems of the Shire Highlands and Mlanje, and a small portion, also mountainous, of the south-eastern coast of Lake Nyasa. -
PELLIZZARI-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf (3.679Mb)
A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Pellizzari, Peter. 2020. A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37365752 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778 A dissertation presented by Peter Pellizzari to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2020 © 2020 Peter Pellizzari All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisors: Jane Kamensky and Jill Lepore Peter Pellizzari A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778 Abstract The American Revolution not only marked the end of Britain’s control over thirteen rebellious colonies, but also the beginning of a division among subsequent historians that has long shaped our understanding of British America. Some historians have emphasized a continental approach and believe research should look west, toward the people that inhabited places outside the traditional “thirteen colonies” that would become the United States, such as the Gulf Coast or the Great Lakes region. -
The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c. -
Movement of the People: the Relationship Between Black Consciousness Movements
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-7-2008 Movement Of The eople:P The Relationship Between Black Consciousness Movements, Race, and Class in the Caribbean Deborah G. Weeks University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Weeks, Deborah G., "Movement Of The eP ople: The Relationship Between Black Consciousness Movements, Race, and Class in the Caribbean" (2008). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/560 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Movement Of The People: The Relationship Between Black Consciousness Movements, Race, and Class in the Caribbean by Deborah G. Weeks A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Arts Department of Africana Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Deborah Plant, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Eric D. Duke, Ph.D. Navita Cummings James, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 7, 2008 Keywords: black power, colonization, independence, pride, nationalism, west indies © Copyright 2008 , Deborah G. Weeks Dedication I dedicate this thesis to the memory of Dr. Trevor Purcell, without whose motivation and encouragement, this work may never have been completed. I will always remember his calm reassurance, expressed confidence in me, and, of course, his soothing, melodic voice.