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682 David C. Wright Glossary Translations of official titles from Charles Hucker's A Dictionary of Of­ ficial Titles in Imperial China are readily available in that work and are not included in this glossary. Aiwuhan g ^ Dongnan ba fanpo yi Halahezhuo Da I^J f □ Akesu ¥ Aksu ^ Halashala Dg^ l$J ^ Anhui Dongpi ^ ^ S Anle^l^ Hami D^ ^ Anxi $ H Fanbu ^ SU Hasake Dg- ^ ^ Bai^ FengE He Qiutao fnj ^ ^ Baicheng ^ ^ Fengrun M M He Shaoji f5J ^ ^ Baerchuke E W Fengyang H, ^ Heilongjiang M H fengshabianque ?X Baerkule E M )* IJj Henan Barchuk E M Fenxun bingbeidao Hetian f □ (H Barkhul EJIM Mi Hezhou fP jfl Beijing :jb fill?? Hong^ Bianfa ^ Fujian f§ ^ Hongcheng ^ ^ bianhu M P Gan ^ Hongguoerelong Bot# Gansu H Boke Ganzhuhan ^ ^ Hong Jun ^ ^ Gaochang ^ Hu Si BolotalaW^t^fiBoloqi mmw Gaozong ^ ^ Huai ^ Borchi 1f ^ ^ Ghanchikhan ^ gk Huaian ^ Boro-tala ¥ Huang Juezi ^ ^ bu^ Gobi :it M Hubei dk buchou ^ ^ Gong Zizhen H g hubu f> Bulute ^ Hulama Buriit ^ # Gong Zizhen quanji Hunan jjg Changbai M S Hi m Cheng Enze ^ ® # Gu Guangqi H Jg tjf Ji Yun 15 chiwen ^ ^ Gu Yanwu Jiangnan jX ^ cong^5£ Gua JU Jiangning ?X ^ daba M E Guangdong Jiangsu ?X M Dali -f M Guangxi ® Jiangxi ?X ® Da Qing yitongzhi f Guazhou XU. Xlj Jiayu guan ^ <l& M Guerbansali ^ ®I Jie^ Datong f: MM Jilin ^ Dihua Guici £ ^ Jinghe ^ DingT Guizhou J| fl'l jingshi M. M Donga-baligh ^ Guole $15 m Jingshi wenbian ^ Halaguzheshe I^J jinwen f Gong Zizhen and His Essay on the 'Western Regions" 683 Jiubao ^ Lin Zexu ^ iU ^ Qinghai M- Jiucheng ^ Liu Fenglu 3^ qingke # M Jiuying ^ ^ Liuzhong c|a Qingzhou W;H'| Kangxi ^ Lukechake # ^ Qiu^ kaozheng # ^ ren fH Kara-khoja ^ Manzhou yuanliu kao Saibashe Darya ^ E ifm^m Kashgar M Maping^ ^ Saierman ^ ^ Kazak Op M Menggu Huibu Sailamu # 1® 7^ ke» wanggong biao- Saimen ^ P^ keding ^ T zhuan ^ H] Sairam ^ I^J t(^ Keshege'er fi* 0® Sairam-bazar $ ($J Menggu yuanliu ^ Khalkha P§ M Sen ^ Kharaguji 0^ I^J Mingding 0^ % Sengim ^ /b ^ mi-f mou Sennimu ^ /b ^ Kharashira 0^ S ^ Mukden ^ Sha ff Muslim [U Shaanxi ^ ® Kholma ^ Nah^ft B^ Shacheng ^ Khongghur-olong Nail Shahyar ^ ^ Nakha B^^ Shandong iJj ^ Khotan f ^ Namugan j§P ;fc ^ Shang ^ Kokonor Namukhan g|5 t|^ ^ Shangdi _h ^ KuJ# Nian Shanhai guan iJj ^ Kucha Och ^ if m Kuerkelawusu 0. ^ Pa ifQ Shanxi ill Paerman iffl If ri Shayaer ^ M Kuertu # ^ 0 Phucamni Jg Shazhou ^ ;)'H Kujult* PifiS? sheng ^ Kurcha 0 pilo tt m Shengwuji ^ ^ |2 Kurkara-usu ^ D§ Pisha l^if^ Shengyu ® ^ mMB Pisheya j$.if^ shi± Kurtu ^ H Pizhan ^ Jg shiye th; II Kurustam f-j- Pizhou ^ j'H Shizu W Porman ifS M Shorchugtvt'S^ ^ Kushetamu -f-f- Qi Junzao Qi Yunshi f|5 ^ ± Shun ^ Kuzhou ;)'H Qian Daxin Shunzhi Ip tp Lang^ Qianlong ^ ^ ShuoerchukeXff^ ^ Lanzhou ]|0 j‘|'| Qiang ^ US Qiangzhou ^ j'|>| Shuoping ^ Li Hongzhang^ ^ Qinding huangyu Sichuan P3 J11 $ Xiyu tuzhi ^ ^ Sicun pg ^ Li Wentian ^ Solun ^ fi hang ^ i±r Songyun ^ Liaoning ^ ^ Qingjf Su|i^ Likchun # ^ ^ Qingdai tongshi ^ suibao ^ Lin Suiding ^ 684 Da\ ’id C. Wright Sumkagho^ Oq Wuliyasutu M fi Yinai ^ j®- Ying-^ Sumukalagai ^ Tfc Wulumuqimm ^ Yinggesaer P® M sun ^ Wushe ^ Yingzhou-^ Sun Chengze ^ ^ XiaS Yixi 0 m xian Yuan 7 C Suzhou I Xianbei S$ ^ Yul-arik?§|ljafl Tal# Xiao Yishan — ll) Talenaqin Xiaocheng /Jn Yuleliyake M % Xibei shidi ® :1b ^ Tang Yao /H % Yulonghashe 5. |H Tang Yaodi /jf ^ Xieban fushi guan ^ P^<+ Taranchi ^ ?iL' Yunnan ® 0 Tarbagatai ^ E Xieban xianshi ^ Yurungkash 5. HI Pp IJ® "a Tazhou ;H'| Xibo M f S zhang ti Tianshan ^ ill Xingzhou Zhang Mu ^ Tibet ffii? Xinjiang gf S Zhao Yi M P Toghsun Xinjiang zhilue ^ Zhaofeng H §[ TohenaifE^P# Zhe § Tokesan ft = Xinqian ^ ^ Zhejiang ^ '3l Tokhonai H ^QM Xiyang ^ # zheng IE Tu@ Xiye 0 ^ zhengerpin IE — pp Tucheng ± Xiyu ® Zhenxi i| 0 Tufan nil H Xiyuzhi xingshengyi Zhiliii:^ tuntian BB zhongyang i=t3 ^ Turfan Di M # m Zhou jj'l Ukharligh M Xu^ Zhug^ M5£ Xuzhou ^ ^j'l Zhu Yun ^ ^ Urumchi ^ Xu Song ^ Zhuanfang ^ Wang Anshi i $ 5 Yaer f| M Zhuang Cunyu ^ # Wang Chang 3E yan|5 1^ Wei Yuan M M Yangi-hissar ^ P® Zongtong Xibian wen ~jC MM banshi dachen Wen Tingshi Yangzi ^ ^ Yao^ :K & wu Yarkand ^ M ^ Zuo Zongtang ^ Wuhaerlike Pp ^ Yarkhoto f§M M Yeerqiang ^ M Wulianghai ^ ^ iS Yidong ip ^ Selected Bibliography Chou, Nailene Josephine. "Frontier Studies and Changing Frontier Ad­ ministration in Late Ch'ing China: The Case of Sinkiang, 1759- 1911." University of Washington Ph.D. Dissertation. Seattle, 1976. Gong Zizhen and His Essay on the "Western Regions 685 Chu, Wen-djang. The Moslem Rebellion in Northwest China, 1862-1878: A Study of Government Minority Policy. The Hague: Mouton, 1966. Fletcher, Joseph, "The Heyday of the Ch'ing Order in Mongolia, Sinkiang, and Tibet," in John K. Fairbank, ed.. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 11: Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, 351-408. Hao, Yen-p'ing and Wang, Erh-min, "Changing Chinese Views of Western Relations, 1840-95," in John K. Fairbank and Kwang-ching Liu, eds.. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 11: Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, Part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980, 142-210. Ho, Ping-ti. Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. "The Great Policy Debate in China, 1874: Maritime Defense vs. Frontier Defense," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 25 (1964-65), pp. 212-228. Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. The Hi Crisis: A Study of Sino-Russian Diplomacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965. Jones, Susan Mann and Kuhn, Philip A., "Dynastic Decline and the Roots of Rebellion," in John K. Fairbank, (ed.). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 11: Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, 107-162. Samuels, Marwyn S. "Kung Tzu-chen's New Sinkiang." Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 66.3 (September 1976), 416-27. Tu, Lien-che. "Kung Tzu-chen," in Arthur Hummel, (ed.). Eminent Chin­ ese of the Ch'ing Period, Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1943, 431-34. Waley-Cohen, Joanna. "Banishment to Xinjiang in Mid-Qing China, 1758- 1820." Late Imperial China, 10.2 (December 1989) 44-71. Wendhut, Annerose. "Kung Tzu-chen: Leben und Werk." Universitat Hamburg Ph.D. Dissertation. Hamburg, 1954. Whitbeck, Judith Anne. "The Historical Vision of Kung Tzu-chen." Uni­ versity of California, Berkeley Dissertation. Berkeley, 1980. Whitbeck, Judith. "Kung Tzu-chen and the Redirection of Literati Com­ mitment in Early Nineteenth Century China." Ch'ing-shih Wen-t'i, 4.10 (December 1983), 1-32. Wong, Shirleen S. Kung Tzu-chen. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1975. Wong, Shirleen S. "Kung Tzu-chen," in William H. Nienhauser, Jr., ed.. The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1986, 518-19. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ANGELO ANASTASIO is professor emeritus of anthropology at West­ ern Washington University. He resides in Bellingham, Washington. He and Paul Buell {infra) are working on a comprehensive study of Mongo­ lian history and society. E. N. ANDERSON is professor of anthropology at the University of California, Riverside. He is the author of The Food of China (New Ha­ ven : Yale University Press, 1988). CHRISTOPHER ATWOOD is a doctoral candidate at Indiana University where he is currently working on the history of revolutionary nationalism among the Mongols of Inner Mongolia. His interest in Mongolia was raised early by participating twice in Professor Schwarz's Mongolian Summer Program. TSEDENDAMBYN BATBAYAR, bom in 1957, is the director of the Institute of Oriental and International Studies of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in Ulaanbaatar. He has conducted research in Russia and Ja­ pan, and in 1991 visited Western Washington University and other American and Canadian universities. He has written Osnovnye napravle- niya politiki rukovodstva KNR vo Vnutrennej Mongolii na sovremennom itape 1976-1984 gg. (Ulaanbaatar and Prague, 1988) and Khalkhyn Gol (Ulaanbaatar, 1989). LINDA BENSON received her doctoral degree at Leeds University and is currently associate professor of history at Oakland University in Roch­ ester, Michigan. She has written The Hi Rebellion : Moslem Challenge of Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1950 {kxmonk : M.E. Sharpe, 1990) and co-edited The Kazaks of China : Essays on an Ethnic Minority (Stockholm, 1988). ARASH BORMANSHINOV is an ethnic Kalmyk bom and raised in Bel­ grade. He did his undergraduate work at the Universities of Berlin (where he studied under N.N. Poppe) and Munchen and received his doctorate in Balto-Slavic philology from the University of Pennsylvania. He taught at Rutgers, Princeton, New York and Maryland Universities List of Contributors 687 and is the author of five monographs, including Lama Arkad Chubanov, his Predecessors and Successors (1980), and numerous articles in the fields of Kalmyk and Janggar studies. PAUL D. BUELL was for many years an adjunctprofessor of the Cen­ ter for East Asian Studies at Western Washington University and con­ tract researcher for the Federal government in Kazakh materials. He specializes in Turkic and Mongolian Studies and resides in Seattle, Washington. LYUDMILA SIMBIL'EVNA BURCHINOVA was born in 1938 in Turkmenia. After having graduated from the Department of History at Kazakh University, she taught at a secondary school. Since 1966, she has worked at the Kalmyk Institute of Socii Sciences of the Russian (formerly Soviet) Academy of Sciences where she currently serves as the deputy director in science, investigating the history of Kalmykia. B. BURINBEKI, bom in the Bairin Right Banner of Inner Mongolia, is a professor at the Institute of Mongolian Literature of Inner Mongolia University. Widely regarded as one of the foremost poets of Inner Mon­ golia, Professor Burinbeki has published fifteen collections of his poems in Mongolian and Chinese.
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    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
  • The Interaction Between Ethnic Relations and State Power: a Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911

    The Interaction Between Ethnic Relations and State Power: a Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Georgia State University Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Sociology Dissertations Department of Sociology 5-27-2008 The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911 Wei Li Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Li, Wei, "The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/33 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Sociology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ETHNIC RELATIONS AND STATE POWER: A STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENT TO THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CHINA, 1850-1911 by WEI LI Under the Direction of Toshi Kii ABSTRACT The case of late Qing China is of great importance to theories of economic development. This study examines the question of why China’s industrialization was slow between 1865 and 1895 as compared to contemporary Japan’s. Industrialization is measured on four dimensions: sea transport, railway, communications, and the cotton textile industry. I trace the difference between China’s and Japan’s industrialization to government leadership, which includes three aspects: direct governmental investment, government policies at the macro-level, and specific measures and actions to assist selected companies and industries.