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Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan Final Report

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Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan Final Report Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan Final Report for Los Angeles County Contract #SPF03-03 PREPARED BY Rosi Dagit, Tanessa Hartwig, Carly Simon, Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains Joseph Decruyenaere, Senior Biologist, Environmental Planning and Sustainability, County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning Danielle LeFer, Environmental Scientist, California Department of Parks and Recreation Thomas Scott, UCANR Marti Witter, Fire Ecologist, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Melissa Ferriter, Laura Jessup, Roger Ly and Joshua Spector, NASA DEVELOP TEAM Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan This page left blank. Citation: Dagit, R., T. Hartwig, C. Simon, J. Decruyenaere, D. LeFer, T. Scott, M. Witter, M. Ferriter, L. Jessup, R. Ly and J. Spector. 2019. Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan for the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. Final Report for Los Angeles County Contract #SPF03-03. Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga, CA. 2 Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 9 1. 1. WHY DO WE NEED THIS PLAN? 10 Figure 1. Map of SMMNRA showing land ownership and city boundaries. 12 Figure 2. Burn Severity following the Woolsey Fire (excerpted from Appendix D 13 NASA DEVELOP Technical Report). 2. BACKGROUND ANALYSIS SUMMARY. 14 2.1 Conceptual Framework (Appendix A). 14 2.2 Species Selection and Guilds (Appendix B). 15 2.3 Habitat Suitability Modeling (Appendix C). 15 2.4 Future Conditions Analysis (Appendix D). 16 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 17 BENEFITS. Figure 3. Ecosystem services matrix (Courtesy of M. Witter). 17 Figure 4. Economic value of services provided by the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (https://headwaterseconomics.org/dataviz/national-park- 18 service-units/). 3.1 Water Quality, Storm Water Retention and Erosion Control. 19 Table 1. Summary of Average Annual Stormwater and Runoff Avoided Benefits by 19 Tree Species per tree. 3.2 Air Quality Benefits. 19 Table 2. Summary of Average Annual Air Quality Benefits by Tree Species per tree. 19 3.3 Carbon Sequestration and Storage. 20 Table 3. Summary of Average Annual Carbon Storage/Sequestration by Tree Species 20 per tree. 3.4 Ecosystem Service Value by Species. 20 Table 4. Summary of Average Annual Ecosystem Service by Tree Species per tree per 21 year. 4. HOW TO USE THIS PLAN. 22 Table 5. Matrix of land ownership and planning documents for the SMMNRA. 22 5. WHERE TO PRIORITIZE PLANTING? 23 Figure 5. Composited NDRE Index image over the Santa Monica Mountains displaying vegetation health following the Woolsey Fire (from RapidEye, 2019). Lighter colors represent non-photosynthetic vegetation and darker green colors indicate thriving 25 vegetation in June 2019. (Excerpted from Appendix D NASA DEVELOP Technical Report). Figure 6. Species distribution based on AVIRIS MESMA Classification of imagery 26 3 Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan acquired 06/25/2018 (excerpted from Appendix D NASA DEVELOP Technical Report). 5.1 Decision Analysis Guiding Site Selection. 27 5.2 General Concepts Developed in the Decision Model. 27 1. Habitat that will remain suitable: 27 2. Habitat that will be less suitable (wholly or in part) in the future: 28 3. Habitat that currently is not suitable may become suitable in the future: 28 6. PLANTING MAPS. 28 6.1 Limitations of the Planting Maps. 29 6.2 Upland and Canyon Guild Species Analysis: 30 6.2.1 Quercus agrifolia (Coast Live Oak). 31 Table 6. Priority Planting Recommendations for Quercus agrifolia (Coast Live 33 Oak) on public lands (2019). Figure 7. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Quercus agrifolia (Coast Live Oak). 34 6.2.2 Quercus berberidifolia (California Scrub Oak). 35 Table 7. Priority Planting Recommendations for Quercus berberidifolia (Shrub 36 Oak) on public lands (2019). Figure 8. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Quercus berberidifolia (Shrub Oak). 37 6.2.3 Quercus lobata (Valley Oak). 38 Table 8. Priority Planting Recommendations for Q. lobata (Valley Oak) on 39 public lands (2019). Figure 9. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Q. lobata (Valley Oak). 40 6.2.4 Juglans californica (California Walnut). 41 Table 9. Priority Planting Recommendations for Juglans californica (CA 42 Walnut) on public lands (2019). Figure 10. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Juglans california (CA Walnut). 43 6.2.5 Umbellularia californica (California Bay Laurel). 44 Table 10. Priority Planting Recommendations for Umbellularia californica (CA 45 Bay Laurel) on public lands (2019). Figure 11. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Umbellularia californica (CA Bay 46 Laurel). 6.3 Riparian Guild Species Analysis. 47 6.3.1 Acer macrophyllum (Big Leaf Maple). 48 Table 11. Priority Planting Recommendations for Acer macrophyllum (Big Leaf 49 Maple) on public lands (2019). Figure 12. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Acer macrophyllum (Big Leaf 50 Maple). 6.3.2 Acer negundo (Box Elder). 51 Table 12. Priority Planting Recommendations for Acer negundo (Box Elder) on 51 public lands (2019). Figure 13. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Acer negundo (Box Elder). 53 6.3.3 Alnus rhombifolia (White Alder). 54 Table 13. Priority Planting Recommendations for Acer rhombifolia (White 55 Alder) on public lands (2019). Figure 14. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Acer rhombifolia (White Alder). 56 4 Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan 6.3.4 Platanus racemosa (California/Western Sycamore). 57 Table 14. Priority Planting Recommendations for Platanus racemosa 58 (California Sycamore) on public lands (2019). Figure 15. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES - Platanus racemosa (California 59 Sycamore). 6.3.5 Populus fremontii (Fremont Cottonwood). 60 Table 15. Priority Planting Recommendations for Populus fremontii ssp. 61 Fremontii (Fremont Cottonwood) on public lands (2019). Figure 16. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES- Populus fremontii ssp. Fremontii 62 (Fremont Cottonwood). 6.3.6 Salix species. 63 Salix lasiandra (Red Willow). 63 Table 16. Priority Planting Recommendations for Salix laevigata (Red Willow) 64 and Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow) on public lands (2019). Figure 17. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES- Salix laevigata (Red Willow) and 65 Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow) on public lands (2019). Figure 18. PRIORITY PLANTING SITES- Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow). 66 7. WHAT TO PLANT? 67 Table 17. List of 14 dominate native tree species found in the Santa Monica Mountains. 67 8. HOW TO PLANT 68 8.1 Stock Selection and Size. 68 8.2 Planting Coordination on Public Lands. 68 8.3 Preliminary Road Map to Implementation. 68 8.4 Assisted Migration. 69 8.5 Site Preparation. 70 8.6 Planting Method. 70 8.7 Maintenance. 71 8.8 Irrigation Methods. 71 8.9 Monitoring Requirements. 71 9. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT 71 Figure 19. Adaptive Management cycle summary. Source West 2016, after Jones 2005, 72 2009. 10. FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 72 11. FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES 73 11.1 Cap-and-Trade Program. 73 11.2 Cap-and-Trade Funding Sources. 74 11.3 Coastal Conservancy. 74 12. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 75 5 Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan 13. ACTIONS RECOMMENDED 75 14. MEASURING SUCCESS 75 14.1 Carbon Sequestration and Storage Values. 76 Figure 20. Aboveground Vegetation Carbon 2010 Gonzalez et al. (2015). 76 15. LITERATURE CITED 78 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PRIORITY PLANTING PLAN 87 IN THE SMMNRA. APPENDIX B. CRITERIA FOR SPECIES SELECTION PRIORITY PLANTING 97 PLAN NI THE SMMNRA. APPENDIX C. HABITAT SUITABILITY MODEL. 100 APPENDIX D. NASA DEVELOP TECHNICAL REPORT. 132 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of Average Annual Stormwater and Runoff Avoided Benefits by 19 Tree Species per tree. Table 2. Summary of Average Annual Air Quality Benefits by Tree Species per tree. 20 Table 3. Summary of Average Annual Carbon Storage/Sequestration by Tree Species 20 per tree. Table 4. Summary of Average Annual Ecosystem Service by Tree Species per tree per 21 year. Table 5. Matrix of land ownership and planning documents for the SMMNRA. 22 Table 6. Priority Planting Recommendations for Quercus agrifolia (Coast Live Oak) on 33 public lands (2019). Table 7. Priority Planting Recommendations for Quercus berberidifolia (Shrub Oak) on 36 public lands (2019). Table 8. Priority Planting Recommendations for Q. lobata (Valley Oak) on public lands 39 (2019). Table 9. Priority Planting Recommendations for Juglans californica (CA Walnut) on 42 public lands (2019). Table 10. Priority Planting Recommendations for Umbellularia californica (CA Bay 45 Laurel) on public lands (2019). Table 11. Priority Planting Recommendations for Acer macrophyllum (Big Leaf 49 Maple) on public lands (2019). Table 12. Priority Planting Recommendations for Acer negundo (Box Elder) on public 51 lands (2019). Table 13. Priority Planting Recommendations for Acer rhombifolia (White Alder) on 55 public lands (2019). Table 14. Priority Planting Recommendations for Platanus racemosa (California 58 Sycamore) on public lands (2019). Table 15. Priority Planting Recommendations for Populus fremontii ssp. Fremontii 61 6 Los Angeles County Native Tree Priority Planting Plan (Fremont Cottonwood) on public lands (2019). Table 16. Priority Planting Recommendations for Salix laevigata (Red Willow) and 64 Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow) on public lands (2019). Table 17. List of 14 dominate native tree species found in the Santa Monica Mountains. 67 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of SMMNRA showing land ownership and city boundaries.
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