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Mausolusmausolus Thethe Journaljournal Ofof Thethe Mausoleamausolea && Monumentsmonuments Trusttrust Thethe Winterwinter Bulletinbulletin 20162016 ISSN 2056-6492 MAUSOLUSMAUSOLUS THETHE JOURNALJOURNAL OFOF THETHE MAUSOLEAMAUSOLEA && MONUMENTSMONUMENTS TRUSTTRUST THETHE WINTERWINTER BULLETINBULLETIN 20162016 The Mausolea & Monuments Trust 70 Cowcross Street London EC1M 6EJ 07856 985974 www.mmtrust.org.uk Mausolus - Winter 2016 Contents A message from the Chairman Page 3 From the Secretary Page 4 Guise Mausoleum raised to Grade II* Listed Building Page 4 Gabriel Byng Good Grief: Pop-up Mausolea, Loos and the Realm of Art Page 5 Ian Dungavell A Tale of Two Mausolea Page 6 Gavin Stamp Reviewing the Summer Mausolea Crawl Page 8 MMT visit to selected mausolea in North Yorkshire Frances Sands and Ann-Marie Akehurst Hope Mausoleum and a Regency Rebirth Page 11 How local volunteers & the MMT unearthed dazzling mausoleum & Georgian estate at Deepdene Alexander Bagnall Bringing back the Barrow Page 14 Charles Wagner Events Page 16 The Gazetteer Page 16 2 Mausolus - Winter 2016 Patrons e editorship of Mausolus Professor James Stevens Curl Tim Knox has changed hands Honorary Secretary I am delighted to let everyone know John St. Brioc Hooper that this is the fi rst issue of Mausolus to be published under a new Editor, Amy Chairman Jeffs. Ian Johnson Amy is a PhD candidate in History of Trustees Art at the University of Cambridge. Alexander Bagnall She takes over from Gabriel Byng Roger Bowdler who has started a new teaching post Gabriel Byng at Clare Hall in Cambridge. Gabriel Tom Drysdale remains a trustee of the MMT but it is Carolyn Leigh (Membership Secretary) important to say how grateful the Trust Tim Ellis has been for his work over the years in Robert Heathcote (Treasurer) raising the quality and profi le of our Ian Johnson magazine. Enormous thanks are due to Frances Sands him and good wishes in his new post. Gavin Stamp Charles Wagner We look forward to working with Amy to continue the process started by Mausolus is published twice Gabriel. a year by the Mausolea & Monuments Trust. All contents Ian Johnson © MMT 2015 except where otherwise indicated. Members and others are warmly encouraged to contribute photos, news and features to: Amy Jeffs Corpus Christi College Cambridge CB2 1RH [email protected] 3 Mausolus - Winter 2016 From the Secretary Welcome to Tom Drysdale, new trustee The trust has recently co- with Historic Royal Palaces, opted Tom Drysdale to be where he worked on the Tom is now a proud MMT trustee a trustee. Tom is a curator restoration of the Pagoda in Mausolus (2015) and Death with a particular interest in Kew Gardens. Currently he & Memory: Soane and the architectural drawings and works at the British Library. Architercture of Legacy (2015). historic buildings. He studied Tom has given papers He currently lives in North History at Durham University at conferences including London and is a regular visitor before being appointed as a the inaugural Mausolea & to Abney Park Cemetery. We Drawings Cataloguer at Sir Monuments Trust Student welcome him onto the board John Soane’s Museum and Symposium, and his essays and look forward to calling on then as an Assistant Curator have been published in his expertise. Guise Mausoleum raised to Grade II* Listed Building Gabriel Byng shares the success of MMT application I am delighted to let our us in raising money to restore in 1650 but now lost], but it is members know that, in the monument to its former one of the earliest known... response to an application I glory. The mausoleum was what distinguishes [it] from made on behalf of the MMT, listed at Grade II in 1991, but others built around this time is the Secretary of State for the DCMS decided that at that that it is an exact reproduction Culture, Media and Sport has time its national signifi cance of a Roman tomb rather than a decided to amend the entry had not been fully recognised. variation on an antique theme. for the Guise Mausoleum on Although ruinous, the Selection Moreover, it is an accomplished the List of Buildings of Special Guide states that ‘a tomb in structure that is faultlessly Architectural or Historic a fragmentary state may still proportioned and possesses Interest, raising it to Grade II*. be of special interest if its a high level of quality. As a Not only will this help to components are all present’. As mausoleum, therefore, it is protect the mausoleum’s fabric many readers will know, it will of a great rarity as a mid-C18 in perpetuity, but it will also help be possible to reconstruct the building of this type. Guise Mausoleum accurately ‘The Guise Mausoleum is since its dimensions are also considered to be Western recorded in a Faculty of 1733 Europe’s earliest surviving and much of the collapsed example since antiquity of a masonry survives. structure that incorporates The DCMS report notes baseless Doric columns. that: ‘Sir John Guise was Although such columns were not unique in his choice of a feature of Ancient Greek and a Roman prototype [the 1st Roman architecture... they or 2nd century AD Roman were to become a fundamental mausoleum at Terracina in component of the neo-Classical Guise Mausoleum, early 1900s Italy, illustrated by Roland Feart style in the later C18.’ 4 Mausolus - Winter 2016 Good Grief: Pop-up Mausolea, Loos and the Realm of Art Ian Dungavell describes a sepulchral installation at Highgate Cem- etery & the accompanying discussion of grief & loss in architecture In September of 2016, Highgate Cemetery played host to ‘A Very Small Part of Architecture’, an installation by Sam Jacob Studio. It was commissioned by the Architecture Foundation, a British charitable coalition which campaigns for a better built environment. The installation was based on a 1921 design for a mausoleum by the famous modernist Austrian architect, Adolf Loos, for art historian Max Dvořák. Intended to be made of black Swedish granite and to be about six metres high, it was never built, but the image of Loos’ The original model of Adolf Loos’s Mausoleum (1921) Jacob said it was ‘a diff erent kind of memorial. Not one dedicated to a person, an event, or a moment in time, not designed to remember the past, but instead to imagine other possibilities, altered presents and alternative futures’. The name came from Loos’ statement that: ‘Only a very small part of architecture belongs to the realm of art: the tomb and the monument.’ Over three nights in early September several hundred people came to discuss grief and loss in Colourful recreation of Loos’ mausoleum seen at architecture in a very appropriate setting under Highgate Cemetery by night the stars. The solidity of a ‘real’ mausoleum designed by Craig Hamilton rising at the end of design has haunted architectural culture ever the Courtyard provided a telling contrast. It will since. The stepped roof was loosely inspired by be fi nished later this year. the mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the interior was to have had frescoes by Oskar Kokoschka. Highgate Cemetery has a full programme of The heavy dark form was recreated at full size events which can be found on ttheir website: using a lightweight timber frame and scaff old net. http://highgatecemetery.org/events It was then and coloured with light. 5 Mausolus - Winter 2016 A TALE OF TWO MAUSOLEA Gavin Stamp traces the memorial footprint of Sofi a’s political past The imposing Battenburg Mausoleum in Sofi a in the eclectic style Monarchs and emperors get characteristic of its architect, Hermann Mayer splendid mausolea; dictators sometimes end up in even second son of Prince Alexander fi ne domed mausoleum. It was bigger ones – but they may not of Hesse, was invited to rule built next to the zoological park, last very long. This is the case the new nation as Prince the designed in the French Beaux- in Sofi a, the capital of Bulgaria, following year. Unfortunately, Arts manner by the Swiss where the stories of two in 1886, he was forced to architect Hermann Mayer. mausolea refl ect the troubled abdicate by a military coup. He Alexander’s successor, modern history of the country. retreated to Graz, where he initially as Prince, then as After many centuries of died in 1893. Alexander was Tsar, was Ferdinand of Saxe- Ottoman rule, the Kingdom of not, however, forgotten and his Coburg and Gotha. He did not, Bulgaria was revived in 1878. body was brought back to Sofi a however, end up in a grand Alexander of Battenberg, the and, in 1897, laid to rest in a royal mausoleum. Forced to 6 Mausolus - Winter 2016 abdicate in 1918 after presiding the offi cial residence of Boris’s In 1990, after the end of over Bulgaria’s two military son, Tsar Simeon II, whose Communist rule, Dimitrov’s defeats in, fi rst, the Second brief reign as a minor was soon body was removed from the Balkan War and then the Great terminated by a referendum mausoleum, cremated and War, he returned to Coburg on the monarchy in 1946 the ashes interred in Sofi a’s where he lived on, dying in organised by the Communist Central Cemetery. What 1948. Ferdinand wished to government of Georgi Dimitrov. to do with his now empty be buried in Bulgaria, so his Dimitrov, long a Marxist mausoleum? Rather than re- coffi n was placed, temporarily, revolutionary, was Bulgaria’s use it for another purpose, or in the crypt of the church of St fi rst Communist ruler, becoming keep it as an historical relic, the Augustin in Coburg. Prime Minister in 1946. His government in 1999 decided to Ferdinand I was succeeded death in 1949 was sudden, blow it up, but explosives failed by his son, who reigned as Tsar and it is strongly suspected to shift it and only succeeded Boris III (Boris I and II were that he was poisoned by order in making the tough structure rulers of the ancient Bulgarian of Stalin, owing to his alliance lean at an angle.
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