DOCSLIB.ORG

Susanto, R.D., J. M. Waworuntu, W. Prayogo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Susanto, R.D., J. M. Waworuntu, W. Prayogo REGULAR ISSUE FEATURE MOORED OBSERVATIONS OF CURRENT AND TEMPERATURE IN THE ALAS STRAIT COLLECTED FOR SUBMARINE TAILING PLACEMENT, USED FOR CALCULATING THE INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW By R. Dwi Susanto, Jorina M. Waworuntu, Windy Prayogo, and Agus Setianto ABOVE. Survey vessel Tenggara Ranger, with Kenawa Island and the Alas Strait in the background. LEFT. Batu Hijau mine pit. BELOW. Mooring deployment. Photo credits: PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara Oceanography50 Oceanography | March | 2021 Vol.34, Early No Online.1 Release The results of our research in the Alas Strait serve as an example of how collecting“ and analyzing oceanographic data are essential to the management of environmental issues facing mining companies located near coasts.” ABSTRACT. Newly released current velocity and temperature measurements in have only been collected in the passages the Alas Strait collected from November 2005 to February 2007 permit calculation of of major inflow, the Makassar Strait and the mean and variable transport of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in this region. the Lifamatola passage, and outflow, the These data were collected by the Environmental Division of the Amman Mineral Nusa Lombok, Ombai, and Savu Straits and Tenggara mining company to serve as a guide for the deep submarine placement of tail- the Timor passage (Arief and Murray, ings produced by the Batu Hijau open pit copper-gold mine. Ocean currents, tempera- 1996; Murray and Arief, 1988; Murray tures, and winds in the Alas Strait region exhibit intraseasonal and seasonal variability, et al., 1990; Gordon et al., 1999, 2010, with modulation at interannual timescales that may be associated with intraseasonal 2019; Molcard et al., 2001; Susanto and Kelvin waves, the regional southeast monsoon, the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and Gordon, 2005; Sprintall et al., 2009, 2019; the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Currents in the Alas Strait were found to flow steadily van Aken et al., 2009; Susanto et al., 2012; southward not only during the boreal summer from mid-April to October but also Wang et al., 2020). Only recently have when a prolonged anomalously easterly wind associated with positive IOD extended minor inflow (Karimata Strait) and out- this flow direction through the end of December 2006. A steady shear between the flow (Sunda Strait) passage measure- northward-flowing upper layer and the southward-flowing layer beneath was recorded ments been collected (Fang et al., 2010; from November 2005 to early April 2006 and from January to February 2007. The 2006 Susanto et al., 2010, 2013, 2016; Wang annual transport was –0.25 Sv toward the Indian Ocean and varied from 0.4 Sv in early et al., 2019; Wei et al., 2016; 2019; Li et al., April 2006 to –0.75 Sv in August 2006. Hence, Alas Strait transport plays a dual role in 2018). However, none of these measure- the total ITF, increasing it during boreal summer and reducing it during boreal winter. ments include the ITF in the straits along Northward flows tend to carry warmer water from the Indian Ocean to the Flores Sea, the Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda) island while the southward ITF flow carries cooler water to the Indian Ocean. Although the chain from Bali to Timor (i.e., Bali, Alas, Alas Strait is located next to the Lombok Strait—one of the major ITF exit passages— and Sape Straits). Hence, their contribu- they have different current and temperature characteristics. For a more complete eval- tions to inter-ocean exchange between uation of the ITF, the Alas Strait must be included in any future monitoring. the Pacific and the Indian Oceans have not been recorded. INTRODUCTION and salt fluxes measured within the ITF This paper presents newly released The complex coastlines and narrow have been found to be a significant factor current velocity and temperature mea- passages of the Indonesian seas pro- in the global ocean thermohaline circu- surements collected in the Alas Strait. vide the only pathways for inter-ocean lation. Hence, the ITF may impact cli- These measurements were made from exchange of Pacific and Indian Ocean mate variability of both the Pacific and November 2005 to February 2007 using tropical waters, known as the Indonesian Indian Oceans and beyond. Temperature bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler cur- Throughflow (ITF; Figure 1; Gordon and and salinity changes in the Pacific and rent profiler (ADCP) and thermistor Fine, 1996, and references therein). The Indian Oceans may influence dynam- arrays. The Alas Strait, located between ITF varies at intraseasonal to interannual ics of the Asia-Australia monsoon, the the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa, is timescales, driven by regional and remote El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), one of a series of straits within the Nusa forcings from the Pacific and Indian and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Tenggara island chain that connects the Oceans, which set up a pressure gradi- (Bryden and Imawaki 2001; Lee et al., internal Indonesian seas (the Banda and ent and sea level differences between the 2002; Sprintall et al., 2019). Flores) to the Indian Ocean. The water two (Wyrtki, 1987; Susanto and Song, Although the ITF has been measured depth at the northern entrance of the Alas 2015; Sprintall et al., 2019). Water, heat, over the last three decades, these data Strait is approximately 400 m, and there Oceanography | https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.103 100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E a 0° Meters – 1,500 – 1,000 – 500 – 0 – –500 – –1,000 10°S – –1,500 – –2,000 – –2,500 – –3,000 FIGURE 1. (a) Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) path- ways (Susanto et al., 2016). (b) The Alas Strait study b area is located between Lombok and Sumbawa 8°S islands. The purple circle in the middle of the Alas Strait identifies an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mooring. The red circle denotes a tide gauge station. The red star locates the Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara mining company and meteorological station. The open circle (SC) south of Sumbawa is the location of the Senunu canyon. LW and LE in the Lombok Strait indicate the west and east moorings, respectively, of the International 9°S Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) program. 115°E 116°E 117°E are some small islands on either side off of Strait in order to ensure the effectiveness FIELD MEASUREMENTS Lombok and Sumbawa. Along the north- of their submarine disposal of mine tail- AND ANALYSIS south strait, the water depth decreases ings. As required by the Indonesian gov- As part of the PT AMNT mining compa- slightly from 180 m to 125 m, with a sill at ernment, detailed oceanographic assess- ny’s environmental monitoring program, 95 m depth, where the mooring is located. ments must be made before permission oceanographic measurements were col- The strait’s average width is ~15 km. The is granted to dispose of mine tailings in lected in the Alas Strait using a sub- mooring location (width 16.8 km) is Indonesian waters. We use these newly surface mooring, CTDs, and underway slightly north of the narrow constriction, released data to attempt to fill the gap ADCPs. Current measurements in and placed to avoid a ferry route that connects in oceanographic measurements from near Senunu Canyon, where the tail- Lombok and Sumbawa (Figure 1). previous studies of the ITF. We present ings were to be disposed, were collected The main objective of the field mea- our findings on the dynamics of current using a bottom-mounted ADCP moor- surements made by the Environmen- and temperature variability in the Alas ing, a ship-mounted ADCP, an ADCP/ tal Division of the Amman Mineral Strait, its contribution to ITF transport, current meter lowered from the ship, Nusa Tenggara (PT AMNT; previously and heat-flux variability from the Pacific and an ocean glider (Waworuntu and PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara) mining into the Indian Ocean. We also describe Febriana, 2002; Bachtiar et al., 2011). In company was to understand and assess an interesting application of oceano- general, the measurements show that the oceanographic conditions in the Alas graphic measurements. South Java Current, the South Equatorial Oceanography | March 2021 Early Online Release Current, the Monsoon Current, and the (2012). To avoid surface reflection con- soon (Wyrtki, 1987; Susanto et al., 2001), ITF consistently contribute to the current tamination, the first two bins near the creating a stronger north-south pressure system southwest of Sumbawa. The ITF surface were removed and replaced with gradient and increasing the southward plays a crucial role in carrying a fine par- a mean of constant velocity as observed ITF flow (Susanto and Marra, 2005; ticulate tailings plume offshore through in the third bin from the surface along Iskandar et al., 2009; Ningsih et al., 2013; the Alas Strait, as detailed in a five-year with continuous shear to the surface. Siswanto et al., 2020; Wirasatriya et al., mapping of tailings distribution and foot- The vertically gridded ADCP velocity 2020). The prolonged anomalous easterly print conducted by the Oceanographic time series were then four-day low-pass winds extended until December because Division of the Indonesian Institute of filtered with a Lanczos filter (Duchon, 2006 was an El Niño year (Niño3.4 posi- Sciences (LIPI). 1979) to suppress inertial and tidal vari- tive) and the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode A subsurface mooring was deployed ability (Sprintall et al., 2009). Index was also positive, (Horii et al., in the middle of the Alas Strait from 2008; Iskandar et al., 2009), thus inducing November 2005 to February 2007, with WIND, CURRENTS, more vigorous upwelling along the south- recovery and redeployment every three AND TEMPERATURE IN ern coasts of the island chain and driving months. The mooring consisted of an THE ALAS STRAIT a more substantial southward flow (ITF).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Holocene Climate Dynamics in Sumba Strait, Indonesia: a Preliminary Evidence from High Resolution Geochemical Records and Planktonic Foraminifera
    Studia Quaternaria, vol. 37, no. 2 (2020): 91–99 DOI: 10.24425/sq.2020.133753 HOLOCENE CLIMATE DYNAMICS IN SUMBA STRAIT, INDONESIA: A PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FROM HIGH RESOLUTION GEOCHEMICAL RECORDS AND PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA Purna Sulastya Putra*, Septriono Hari Nugroho Research Center for Geotechnology LIPI, Kompleks LIPI Gd 80, Jalan Sangkuriang Bandung 40135 Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] * corresponding author Abstract: The dynamics of climatic conditions during the Holocene in the Sumba Strait is not well known, compared with in the Indian Ocean. The aim of this paper is to identify the possible Holocene climate dynamics in Sumba Strait, east- ern Indonesia by using deep-sea core sediments. A 243 cm core was taken aboard RV Baruna Jaya VIII during the Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara 2016 cruise. The core was analyzed for elemental, carbonate and organic matter content, and abundance of foraminifera. Based on geochemical and foraminifera data, we were able to identify at least six climatic changes during the Holocene in the Sumba Strait. By using the elemental ratio of terrigenous input parameter, we infer to interpret that the precipitation in the Sumba Strait during the Early Holocene was relatively higher compared with the Mid to Late Holocene. Key words: climate dynamics, planktonic foraminifera, Holocene deep-sea sediment, Sumba Strait Manuscript received 20 September 2019, accepted 9 March 2020 INTRODUCTION The Holocene climatic changes were recorded in the Sumba region, eastern Indonesia (Ardi, 2018). However, Global mean surface temperature warmed by 0.85°C most of the palaeoclimate reconstructions in this region between 1880 and 2012, as reported in the IPCC Fifth and adjacent area were based on coral data (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Composition and Distribution of Dolphin in Savu Sea National Marine Park, East Nusa Tenggara (Mujiyanto., et al) Available online at: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ifrj e-mail:[email protected] INDONESIANFISHERIESRESEARCHJOURNAL Volume 23 Nomor 2 December 2017 p-ISSN: 0853-8980 e-ISSN: 2502-6569 Accreditation Number: 704/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/10/2015 COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF DOLPHIN IN SAVU SEA NATIONAL MARINE PARK, EAST NUSA TENGGARA Mujiyanto*1, Riswanto1, Dharmadi2 and Wildan Ghiffary3 1Research Institute for Fisheries Enhancement and Conservation, Cilalawi Street No. 1, Jatiluhur Purwakarta, West Java Indonesia - 41152 2Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Ancol – Jakarta, Indonesia 3Fusion for Nature - Master Candidate of Wageningen University, Drovendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, Belanda Received; Februari 20-2017 Received in revised from December 22-2017; Accepted December 28-2017 ABSTRACT Dolphins are one of the most interesting cetacean types included in family Delphinidae or known as the oceanic dolphins from genus Stenella sp. and Tursiops sp. Migration and abundance of dolphins are affected by the presence of food and oceanographic conditions. The purpose of this research is to determine the composition and distribution of dolphins in relation to the water quality parameters. Benefits of this research are expected to provide information on the relationship between distributions of the family Delphinidae cetacean (oceanic dolphins) and oceanographic conditions. The method for this research is descriptive exploratory, with models onboard tracking survey. Field observations were done in November 2015 and period of March-April 2016 outside and inside Savu Sea National Marine Park waters. The sighting of dolphin in November and March- April found as much seven species: bottlenose dolphin, fraser’s dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, risso’s dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, spinner dolphin and stripped dolphin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-A Concentration in the South of Makassar Strait
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 33 ( 2016 ) 583 – 599 The 2nd International Symposium on LAPAN-IPB Satellite for Food Security and Environmental Monitoring 2015, LISAT-FSEM 2015 The seasonal variability of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in the south of Makassar Strait Bisman Nababan*, Novilia Rosyadi, Djisman Manurung, Nyoman M. Natih, and Romdonul Hakim Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Abstract The sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) variabilities in the south of Makassar Strait were mostly affected by monsoonal wind speed/directions and riverine freshwater inflows. The east-southeast (ESE) wind (May-October) played a major role in an upwelling formation in the region starting in the southern tip of the southern Sulawesi Island. Of the 17 years time period, the variability of the SST values ranged from 25.7°C (August 2004) - 30.89°C (March 2007). An upwelling initiation typically occurred in early May when ESE wind speed was at <5 m/s, a fully developed upwelling event usually occurred in June when ESE wind speed reached >5 m/s, whereas the largest upwelling event always occurred in August of each year. Upwelling event generally diminished in September and terminated in October. At the time of the maximum upwelling events (August), the formation of upwelling could be observed up to about 330 km toward the southwest of the southern tip of the Sulawesi island. Interannually, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intensified the upwelling event during the east season through an intensification of the ESE wind speed.
    [Show full text]
  • Lombok Island, Sumbawa Island, and Samalas Volcano
    ECOLE DOCTORALE DE GEOGRAPHIE DE PARIS (ED 4434) Laboratoire de Géographie Physique - UMR 8591 Doctoral Thesis in Geography Bachtiar Wahyu MUTAQIN IMPACTS GÉOMORPHIQUES DE L'ÉRUPTION DU SAMALAS EN 1257 LE LONG DU DÉTROIT D'ALAS, NUSA TENGGARA OUEST, INDONÉSIE Defense on: 11 December 2018 Supervised by : Prof. Franck LAVIGNE (Université Paris 1 – Panthhéon Sorbonne) Prof. HARTONO (Universitas Gadjah Mada) Rapporteurs : Prof. Hervé REGNAULD (Université de Rennes 2) Prof. SUWARDJI (Universitas Mataram) Examiners : Prof. Nathalie CARCAUD (AgroCampus Ouest) Dr. Danang Sri HADMOKO (Universitas Gadjah Mada) 1 Abstract As the most powerful event in Lombok’s recent eruptive history, volcanic materials that were expelled by the Samalas volcano in 1257 CE covered the entire of Lombok Island and are widespread in its eastern part. Almost 800 years after the eruption, the geomorphological impact of this eruption on the island of Lombok remains unknown, whereas its overall climatic and societal consequences are now better understood. A combination of stratigraphic information, present-day topography, geophysical measurement with two-dimensional resistivity profiling technique, local written sources, as well as laboratory and computational analysis, were used to obtain detailed information concerning geomorphic impacts of the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano on the coastal area along the Alas Strait in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study provides new information related to the geomorphic impact of a major eruption volcanic in coastal areas, in this case, on the eastern part of Lombok and the western coast of Sumbawa. In the first place, the study result shows that since the 1257 CE eruption, the landscape on the eastern part of Lombok is still evolved until the present time.
    [Show full text]
  • Observed Estimates of Convergence in the Savu Sea, Indonesia James T
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. C1, 3001, doi:10.1029/2002JC001507, 2003 Observed estimates of convergence in the Savu Sea, Indonesia James T. Potemra,1 Janet Sprintall,2 Susan L. Hautala,3 and Wahyu Pandoe4,5 Received 11 June 2002; revised 25 September 2002; accepted 10 October 2002; published 2 January 2003. [1] The Indonesian seas are known to be a region where various Pacific and Indian Ocean water masses converge and are transformed into uniquely characterized Indonesian Sea Water (ISW). The volume of Pacific surface waters that are stored in the Indonesian seas and the timescales for this volume to change are important factors in the formulation of ISW that ultimately enters the Indian Ocean as the Indonesian throughflow (ITF). In this study, data from a recent deployment of pressure gauges surrounding the Savu Sea are used to estimate volume, heat, and freshwater convergence within approximately the upper 100 m. A pair of gauges on the northeastern side (North Ombai and South Ombai) is used to estimate inflow from the Banda Sea through the Ombai Strait, and two pairs (Sumbawa/North Sumba and South Sumba/Roti) are used to estimate outflow to the Indian Ocean via the Sumba and Savu/Dao Straits. The data are used in conjunction with numerical model results to show that at times, for example, November and December of 1996, there can be up to a 10 Sv imbalance between the inflow and the outflow transport. Most of the variability in estimated convergence occurs intraseasonally and seems to be controlled by the flow through the Sumba Strait on the eastern side of the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Investigation of the Energy Potential from Tidal Stream
    INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM TIDAL STREAM CURRENTS IN INDONESIA Kadir Orhan1, Roberto Mayerle1, Rangaswami Narayanan1 and Wahyu Widodo Pandoe2 In this paper, an advanced methodology developed for the assessment of tidal stream resources is applied to several straits between Indian Ocean and inner Indonesian seas. Due to the high current velocities up to 3-4 m/s, the straits are particularly promising for the efficient generation of electric power. Tidal stream power potentials are evaluated on the basis of calibrated and validated high-resolution, three-dimensional numerical models. It was found that the straits under investigation have tremendous potential for the development of renewable energy production. Suitable locations for the installation of the turbines are identified in all the straits, and sites have been ranked based on the level of power density. Maximum power densities are observed in the Bali Strait, exceeding around 10kw/m2. Horizontal axis tidal turbines with a cut-in velocity of 1m/s are considered in the estimations. The highest total extractable power resulted equal to about 1,260MW in the Strait of Alas. Preliminary assessments showed that the power production at the straits under investigation is likely to exceed previous predictions reaching around 5,000MW. Keywords: renewable energy; tidal stream currents; numerical model; Indonesia INTRODUCTION The global energy supply is facing severe challenges in terms of long-term sustainability, fossil fuel reserve exhaustion, global warming and other energy related environmental concerns, geopolitical and military conflicts surrounding oil rich countries, and secure supply of energy. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, wave and tidal energy are capable of meeting the present and future energy demands with ease without inflicting any considerable damage to global ecosystem (Asif et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Cempaka 'Visiting' Indonesia Right After Facing Bali's
    Tropical Cyclone Cempaka ‘Visiting’ Indonesia Right after facing Bali's Mount Agung eruption, Indonesia encounters another natural event when tropical cyclone ‘Cempaka’ hits Indonesia on 27th November 2017. Jakarta- Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) Jakarta detected a tropical cyclone developing very close to the Southern Coast of Java. The tropical cyclone named ‘Cempaka’, has made BMKG to warn the public to prepare for extreme weather impacts for the next three days. BMKG inform the public that there are some extreme conditions causes by Cempaka such as heavy reainfall, strong winds and thunderstorms that will hit some areas of Indonesia. These heavy rains with strong winds up to 30 knots will hit Jakarta, West Java, Central Java Tengah, Yogyakarta, East Java, Kangean Island, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and the Southern part of Java Sea. TCWC Jakarta predicts that Cempaka will remain for the next two to three days. TCWC also sending alert to public about high wave potential cause by this cyclone that up to 2.5 - 6 meters in, South Coast of East Java, the Eastern part of Java Sea, Bali Waters, Bali Strait, Alas Strait, Southern part of Lombok Strait, and Sumbawa Sea. BMKG issued warning to the public and advised people to remain calm but be aware about the following impacts that can be caused by the cyclone, such as floods, landslides, flash floods, puddles, strong winds, fallen trees, and slippery roads. Flight activities at several airports in Java may also be affected due to heavy rain and strong winds. Due to possible high sea waves, people and passing vessels are encouraged to remain on alert, especially traditional fishermen operating in the Southern Waters of Java.
    [Show full text]
  • The Malay Archipelago
    BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT The Malay Archipelago: the land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise; a IN RETROSPECT narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE The Malay Macmillan/Harper Brothers: first published 1869. lfred Russel Wallace was arguably the greatest field biologist of the nine- Archipelago teenth century. He played a leading Apart in the founding of both evolutionary theory and biogeography (see page 162). David Quammen re-enters the ‘Milky Way of He was also, at times, a fine writer. The best land masses’ evoked by Alfred Russel Wallace’s of his literary side is on show in his 1869 classic, The Malay Archipelago, a wondrous masterpiece of biogeography. book of travel and adventure that wears its deeper significance lightly. The Malay Archipelago is the vast chain of islands stretching eastward from Sumatra for more than 6,000 kilometres. Most of it now falls within the sovereignties of Malaysia and Indonesia. In Wallace’s time, it was a world apart, a great Milky Way of land masses and seas and straits, little explored by Europeans, sparsely populated by peoples of diverse cul- tures, and harbouring countless species of unknown plant and animal in dense tropical forests. Some parts, such as the Aru group “Wallace paid of islands, just off the his expenses coast of New Guinea, by selling ERNST MAYR LIB., MUS. COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, HARVARD UNIV. HARVARD ZOOLOGY, LIB., MUS. COMPARATIVE MAYR ERNST were almost legend- specimens. So ary for their remote- he collected ness and biological series, not just riches. Wallace’s jour- samples.” neys throughout this region, sometimes by mail packet ship, some- times in a trading vessel or a small outrigger canoe, were driven by a purpose: to collect animal specimens that might help to answer a scientific question.
    [Show full text]
  • Sepia Bandensis Adam, 1939 Fig
    72 FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1 Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939 Fig. 122; Plate IV, 21–22 Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939b. Bulletin du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 15(18): 1 [type locality: Indonesia: Banda Sea, Banda Neira]. Frequent Synonyms: Sepia baxteri (Iredale, 1940) and Sepia bartletti (Iredale, 1954) are possible synonyms. Misidentifications: None. FAO Names: En – Stumpy cuttlefish; Fr – Seiche trapue; Sp – Sepia achaparrada. Diagnostic Features: Club with 5 suckers in transverse rows, central 3 suckers enlarged. Swimming keel extends beyond base of club. Dorsal and ventral protective membranes joined at base of club, separated from stalk by a membrane. Cuttlebone outline broad, oval; bone bluntly rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal surface evenly convex; calcified with reticulate sculpture; dorsal median and lateral ribs absent. Spine reduced to tiny, blunt tubercle. Sulcus shallow, narrow, extends along striated zone only. Anterior striae are inverted U-shape. Inner cone limbs are narrow anteriorly, broaden posteriorly, slightly convex; outer cone narrow anteriorly, broadens posteriorly. Dorsal mantle has longitudinal row of ridge-like papillae along each side, adjacent to base of each fin and scattered short ridges dorsal to cuttlebone dorsal view ventral view (corresponding to whitish bars). Head tentacular club cuttlebone and arms with short, scattered, bar-like (illustrations: K. Hollis) papillae positioned dorsally and laterally. Colour: Light brown, or Fig. 122 Sepia bandensis greenish yellow-brown when fresh, and with whitish mottle. Head with scattered white spots. Dorsal mantle has white blotches concentrated into short, longitudinal bars. It often shows a pair of brown patches on the posterior end of the mantle, often accompanied by white patches over the eye orbits.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch East Indies)
    .1" >. -. DS 6/5- GOiENELL' IJNIVERSIT> LIBRARIES riilACA, N. Y. 1483 M. Echols cm Soutbeast. Asia M. OLIN LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LlflfiAfiY 3 1924 062 748 995 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924062748995 I.D. 1209 A MANUAL OF NETHERLANDS INDIA (DUTCH EAST INDIES) Compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty LONDON : - PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: Imperial House, Kinqswat, London, W.C. 2, and ,28 Abingdon Street, London, S.W.I; 37 Peter Street, Manchester; 1 St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff; 23 Forth Street, Edinburgh; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116 Grafton Street, Dublin. Price 10s. net Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office By Frederick Hall at the University Press, Oxford. ill ^ — CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. Introduction and General Survey . 9 The Malay Archipelago and the Dutch possessions—Area Physical geography of the archipelago—Frontiers and adjacent territories—Lines of international communication—Dutch progress in Netherlands India (Relative importance of Java Summary of economic development—Administrative and economic problems—Comments on Dutch administration). II. Physical Geography and Geology . .21 Jaya—Islands adjacent to Java—Sumatra^^Islands adja- — cent to Sumatra—Borneo ^Islands —adjacent to Borneo CeLel3^—Islands adjacent to Celebes ^The Mpluoeas—^Dutoh_ QQ New Guinea—^Islands adjacent to New Guinea—Leaser Sunda Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Troll Line Neritic Tunas Fisheries in Alas Strait, East Lombok (Fma 573)
    IOTC-2015-WPNT05-12 TROLL LINE NERITIC TUNAS FISHERIES IN ALAS STRAIT, EAST LOMBOK (FMA 573) Prawira A.R.P. Tampubolon, Ririk Kartika Sulistyaningsih, Budi Nugraha Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia ABSTRAK The potential of fish resources in the waters of the Indian Ocean in south of Java to the Nusa Tenggara amounted to 491.7 thousand tons per year which is 40.95 % of them (about 201.4 thousand tons per year) is large pelagic fish such as Tunas. The coastal area of Tanjung Luar, which located, which is located in Keruak District, East Lombok, is one of the centers of small -scale tuna fisheries in West Nusa Tenggara. One of the fishing fleet which is developed at Tanjung Luar to exploit the resources of tuna is “jukung/ketinting”. The fleet has a variety of gear types. The objectives of this this study was to describe the diversity of fishing gear, fishing locations, the composition of the catch, CPUE, length distribution, length - weight relationship of neritic tuna caugh and water temperature information based on data from the observer trip report in 2014. Data was collected through observation in June, August and October 2014 at the Fish Landing Base of Tanjung Luar. Observations were carried out by following the one day of fishing activity. In a total, there were 38 trips to obtain the data. Biological aspects of the collected data covering the length and weight of the fish caught. Water temperature at the location of the data collection area is obtained by using minilogger.
    [Show full text]
  • Gedung Bappeda NTT REPORT
    Gedung Bappeda NTT REPORT PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE FOR EAST NUSA TENGGARA YEAR 2013 Issued by Integrated Secretariat for Development Cooperation (SPADU-KPLI) (ENT Provincial Government and PGSP-UNDP Cooperation) Person in Charge Ir. WayanDarmawa, M.T. Head of Regional Development Planning BoardENT Province Drafting Team EduardusManek, ST, M.Eng PetronelaPakereng, SE Dewi Suryandari, SH Florence K. De R. Beribe, SKM Salesius Anggul Selfi H. Nange, S.Sos, M.Si, M.Pub,Pol Cyrillus Raja Bhoja Ir. Yoseph. G. Lema ii FOREWORD Praise and thanks to the Almighty God for His wisdom and grace, that the Drafting of this Provincial Development Guideline (PDG) for East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) Provincial Development has been completed. This guideline provides the development portrait of ENT province and its 21 Districts/Cities, including the development potential and issues encountered. The dispersion of support by the International Institution in ENT is also displayed in this guideline as well as the more detail proposed action from ENT Regional Government in addressing the local needs, covering the sectors of: good governance and decentralization, local economy, social service, infrastructure and the environment. I hope that with this PDG document which is the result of ENT Province Government and UNDP cooperation through the Provincial Governance Strengthening Program (PGSP), the ENT development planning can be more focused and well targeted according to the needs of the respective Regional Government. The Development Acceleration in ENT Province can hopefully be achieved in a more optimal way through the cooperation and harmonization in activities between the Government and other non-governmental institutions in ENT. Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude and high appreciation for the contribution of all parties involved in the drafting of this guideline and I encourage all non-governmental institutions in ENT to draft their program planning based on this guideline.
    [Show full text]