ANNUAL REPORT 2015

Leadership • Innovation • Impact for a healthier future

Contents

Our Vision: Welcome from the President 2

About This Report 5

Leadership 7

Our Impact in 2015 11

Member Spotlight 23

Programs 27

Recent Publications 47

Finances 53

Donor Highlights 57

In Memoriam 85

Contact Us 87 Our Vision: Welcome from the President

Victor J. Dzau, MD President, National Academy of Medicine Dear Friends,

Welcome to the first annual report of the new National Academy of Medicine (NAM)! It has been a very unusual year—and a truly historic one. For the first half of 2015, we were still the Institute of Medicine. On July 1, we became the National Academy of Medicine, a momentous achievement that reflects the high distinction of our members and acknowledges our important contributions to science, health, and policy in the 45 years since our founding. This is not only a name change but an organizational realignment that positions us for greater leadership and deeper impact than ever before.

We are now a full academy alongside the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Academy of Engineering, overseeing the work of seven program divisions that produce rigorous, evidence-based guidance in matters of science, technology, and health (see pages 5-6 for our past and current organizational charts). This reorganization facilitates more efficient collaboration and enhances the Academies’ collective response to complex and cross-cutting issues. In our rapidly evolving world, we cannot work effectively in silos. I look forward to seeing what we can accomplish by working together in new and innovative ways.

Our reconstitution as the NAM provides an occasion for us to re-examine our vision and our mission. Not only must we assess and advise on the state of the science and evidence, we must marshal that knowledge on behalf of leadership, innovation, and impact for a healthier future. We must lead the health and medical community by identifying the most urgent priorities, and we must continue to be a trusted voice guiding policy and practice in the United States and worldwide. We must also innovate, developing new solutions and seeking new partners to respond quickly to emerging challenges. And all that we do must be with a commitment to impact—our foremost goal is to shape policy, advance science, cultivate leadership, and, ultimately, improve human health. See page 11 for examples of our impact in 2015.

Our achievements and goals for the future are reflected in the groundbreaking achievements of our members, as well as in our programmatic activities. For example, the NAM’s Leadership Consortium (formerly called “Roundtable”) for Value & Science-Driven Health Care convenes senior leaders and innovators to advance progress toward a continuously learning health system. Our Health Policy Educational Programs and Fellowships, which launched in 1973, nurture the next generation of health and medical leaders by immersing them in health policy and administration at the national level. And one of our newest programs, Innovation to Incubation (i2I), uses staff enrichment, strategic support, networking, and targeted communications to increase the impact of Academies reports and activities.

We have also launched several novel initiatives aligned with our strategic vision. Consistent with our commitment to lead by identifying urgent priorities and guiding policy and practice, the Human Gene Editing initiative, a joint effort of the NAM and the NAS, was developed in response to a critical need for ethical, scientific, and regulatory boundaries in a controversial and rapidly developing field. In December 2015, we co-hosted with the Royal Society and the Chinese Academy of Sciences a groundbreaking international summit to examine the issue, attended by experts from 20 nations. A consensus study is now under way to provide a framework of fundamental scientific, medical, and ethical principles for human gene editing research.

3 In another example of leadership and impact, the NAM worked quickly to convene experts and develop recommendations for a more efficient global response to infectious disease threats after the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. We convened an independent Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future, consisting of 17 international members with diverse expertise in finance, governance, R&D, health systems, and the social sciences. To inform their work, we hosted 11 days of information-gathering workshops across 4 continents and considered comments from more than 250 stakeholders. The Commission’s report, The Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises, was published on January 13, 2016, and has already been influential in high-level conversations about reforms to the World Health Organization and the United Nations and in setting the agenda for the G7 Summit for world leaders, to be held in Japan in May 2016.

We are also leading efforts to guide future health policy and practice. With the next U.S. presidential election only months away, there is no better time for the NAM to lead policy discussions by identifying the most urgent priorities in health and health care and offering independent, nonpolitical, evidence-based recommendations for the next administration. Through a multi-pronged strategy of expert publications, media outreach, public engagement activities, and relationship building, the Vital Directions for Health and Health Care initiative will build consensus among policy makers and health experts to inform policy and practice for the future.

Implicit in all of these examples is a proactive and impact-oriented new stance for our organization. We cannot limit our work to activities commissioned by outside parties, although such relationships remain a large part of the Academies’ service. Instead, we must ourselves identify the areas of greatest need and be the engine driving their solutions. Of course, to be a proactive and nimble organization, we require the development of adequate, ongoing internal resources. The NAM is an independent, nonprofit organization whose work is supported by its members and other generous individuals, foundations, businesses, government, and other organizations. We need your support to realize our vision, and I welcome opportunities to collaborate.

As you can see, 2015 was a pivotal and exciting year for our organization. I hope that, in many ways, 2016 will be even more important. We have never been in a better position to impact the future of health and medicine.

Warm regards,

Victor J. Dzau, MD President, National Academy of Medicine

4 About This Report

On July 1, 2015, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) became the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). At the same time, many of its program activities were moved into a new program divi- sion called the Health and Medicine Division (HMD) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (for short, “the Academies”). See the pre- and post-restructuring organizational charts below.

Because the reorganization happened midway through 2015, this report contains information about both the NAM and the HMD. Although 12 months of information is provided for both, it is important to note that, since July 1, 2015, the NAM and the HMD have been operationally separate. Focus is given in this report to the programs and initiatives of the NAM.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Former Structure (pre-July 1, 2015)

National Academy National Academy Institute of of Sciences of Engineering Medicine (IOM)

National Research Council

Division of Behavioral & Social Sciences & Education IOM Programs Division on Earth & Life Sciences Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences Gulf Research Program Policy & Global Affairs Transportation Research Board

5 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine New Permanent Structure

National Academy National Academy National Academy of Sciences of Engineering of Medicine

Programs of the Academies

Division of Behavioral & Social Sciences & Education Division on Earth & Life Sciences Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences Gulf Research Program Health & Medicine Division Policy & Global Affairs Transportation Research Board

6 NAM Leadership

Victor J. Dzau, M.D., is President of the National Academy of Medicine, Chairman of the NAM Council, and Chair of the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. He served as Chancellor for Health Affairs and James B. Duke Professor of Medicine at Duke University and the President and CEO of Duke University Health System. Dr. Dzau was the Hersey Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and Chairman of Medicine at Harvard Medical School’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and previously the Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Stanford University.

J. Michael McGinnis, M.D., M.A., M.P.P., is Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer for the NAM. In this role, he serves as the chief operating officer and is responsible for managing the NAM’s programs and guiding its operations on a daily basis. He is also the Executive Director of the NAM’s Leadership Consortium for Value & Science-Driven Health Care. The Consortium stewards the nationally recognized Learning Health System Initiative, a program of collaborative action and publications dedicated to aligning science, informatics, incentives, and culture for continuous improvement and innovation in health.

2015–2016 Council

Nancy E. Adler, Ph.D. Ellen Wright Clayton, M.D., J.D. Professor of Medical Psychology, and Craig-Weaver Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Center for Health and Professor of Law, and Co-Founder, Community, University of California, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, San Francisco Vanderbilt University

Nancy Andrews, Ph.D., M.D. Angela Diaz, M.D., M.P.H. Vice Chancellor and Dean, Jean C. and James W. Crystal Professor of Duke University School of Medicine Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Sheila P. Burke, M.P.A., R.N. Jack E. Dixon, Ph.D. Faculty Research Fellow, Malcolm Associate Vice Chancellor, Science Affairs, Weiner Center for Social Policy, and Distinguished Professor, Department John F. Kennedy School of Government, of Pharmacology, University of California, Harvard University San Diego

R. Alta Charo, J.D. Mark C. Fishman, M.D. Warren P. Knowles Professor of Law President, Novartis Institutes for and Bioethics, School of Law, and Biomedical Research Department of Medical History and Bioethics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison

7 2015–2016 Council (cont.)

Elaine Fuchs, Ph.D. Gilbert Omenn, M.D., Ph.D. Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Professor of Computational Medicine and Institute; and Laboratory Head of Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Mammalian Cell Biology and Genetics, and Public Health, University of Development, The Rockefeller University Michigan

Lynn R. Goldman, M.D., M.P.H. E. Albert Reece, M.B.A., M.D., Ph.D. Dean, School of Public Health and Health Vice President for Medical Affairs, Univer- Services, and Professor, Environmental sity of Maryland; and John Z. and Akiko K. and Occupational Health, The George Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean, Washington University University of Maryland School of Medicine

Diane E. Griffin, M.D., Ph.D. William W. Stead, M.D. Distinguished University Service Professor, Associate Vice Chancellor for Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Affairs; Chief Strategy Officer; and Public Health McKesson Foundation Professor of Biomedical Informatics & Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center

H. Robert Horvitz, Ph.D. Tadataka Yamada, M.D. Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Vice Chair, NAM Council; Institute; and Professor of Biology, and Venture Partner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Frazier Healthcare Partners

Steven E. Hyman, M.D. Keith R. Yamamoto, Ph.D. Harvard University Distinguished Service Vice Chancellor for Science Policy and Professor; and Director, Stanley Center for Strategy; Vice Dean for Research, School Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of of Medicine; and Professor, Cellular & MIT and Harvard Molecular Pharmacology; University of California, San Francisco

Arthur L. Kellerman, M.D., M.P.H. NAM FOREIGN SECRETARY Professor and Dean, F. Edward Hebert Margaret A. (Peggy) Hamburg, M.D. School of Medicine, Uniformed Services Former Commissioner of Food and Drugs, University of the Health Sciences U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Raynard Kington, M.D., Ph.D. NAM HOME SECRETARY President, Grinnell College Jane E. Henney, M.D. Former Commissioner of Food and Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

8 NAM Organizational Chart

President Home Secretary Foreign Secretary Victor J. Dzau Jane E. Henney Margaret A. Hamburg

Chief of Staff: Morgan Kanarek

Executive Office

Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer J. Michael McGinnis

Communications Council and Development Finance and Laura DeStefano Membership Services Julie Ische Administration Associate Director Judith Shamir Director Vacant Director Director

Programs

Leadership Consortium Health Policy Educational for Value & Science-Driven Innovation to Incubation Programs and Fellowships Health Care Kimber Bogard Marie Michnich J. Michael McGinnis Director Director Executive Director

Lienhard, Sarnat, Member, Perspectives Rosenthal Symposium and Cecil Awards

DC Public Health A Culture of Health Case Challenge

Initiatives Global Health Risk Framework Grand Challenges in Health and Medicine Vital Directions for Health and Health Care Improving End-of-Life Care Human Gene Editing (with the National Academy of Sciences)

9

Our Impact in 2015

Of the three values in the NAM’s statement of guiding principles—leadership, innovation, and impact for a healthier future—none is more important than impact. By providing independent, evidence-based advice and convening leaders to drive action around key priorities, we strive to make a difference in policy, care delivery, science, and medicine worldwide—and, ultimately, to improve human health. Here are just a few of the ways we made a difference in 2015. Measuring Our Impact

NAM programs, as well as consensus reports and other Academies activities related to health and medicine, have reverberating impacts across science, policy, and practice worldwide. We characterize the impact of our studies and convening activities according to five tiers: (1) “effecting change” by improving health outcomes or changing laws and policies; (2) “inspiring action,” or causing legislation to be introduced and advocacy or research initiatives to be launched; (3) “informing the field” through educational efforts, professional meetings, or congressional hearings; (4) “receiving recognition” in the form of a formal response from a named actor; and (5) “spreading the message” through noteworthy media coverage. In the pages that follow, we share a few examples of achievements in these categories during the past year.

12 Meeting Global Challenges

Scientists from around the world gather for the International Summit on Human Gene Editing, December 1-3, 2015, in Washington, DC Human Gene Editing A Global Health Risk Framework for the Future The International Summit on Human Gene Editing, co-hosted by the National Academy of Sciences, In Spring 2015, NAM president Victor J. Dzau and the National Academy of Medicine, the United World Bank Group president Jim Yong Kim met Kingdom’s Royal Society, and the Chinese Acad- to discuss the state of the global response to the emy of Sciences, was attended by more than 500 then-ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Both people, including experts from 20 nations, and agreed that an expert assessment was needed to drew more than 3,000 viewers from 71 countries identify shortcomings and make recommendations on the live webcast. The Summit marked the first for improvement. To meet this need, the NAM con- time nations gathered to discuss recent develop- vened the independent Commission on a Global ments in human gene editing technologies and Health Risk Framework for the Future, consisting explore the complex ethical and regulatory issues of 17 international members with diverse expertise they raise. in finance, governance, R&D, health systems, and The event was covered extensively by leading the social sciences. To inform the Commission’s media outlets worldwide, many of which hailed deliberations, the Academies hosted 11 days of it as a historic gathering on the scale of the 1975 information-gathering workshops across 4 con- Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA. A tinents and received input from more than 250 New York Times article noted that the Academies’ experts and stakeholders. “moral authority on this issue seems very likely to The Commission’s report, The Neglected be accepted by scientists in most or all countries.” Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to The Summit’s organizing committee, chaired Counter Infectious Disease Crises, was published by David Baltimore, released a statement of con- in January 2016 and garnered widespread cover- clusions at the close of the event calling for clinical age in the international media. The report frames research to proceed with caution under specified pandemic preparedness as a fundamental tenet of circumstances. The presidents of the four hosting global security and recommends an annual invest- organizations also announced that they “stand ment of $4.5 billion to strengthen national public ready to establish a continuing forum for the as- health systems, improve global response coordi- sessment of the many scientific, medical, and ethi- nation and capabilities, and accelerate R&D. The cal questions surrounding the pursuit of human report was discussed at the World Economic Fo- gene-editing applications.” rum’s annual meeting and presented to the World The NAS/NAM Human Gene Editing Initiative Health Organization’s Executive Board. Planning is will continue with a consensus study, due to be under way for promotion at the World Health As- published in late 2016, that provides a framework sembly, G7, G20, and other international meetings. of fundamental scientific, medical, and ethical principles that can be adapted by any nation pur- suing this research.

Ebola virus. Credit: NIAID.

14 Advancing Population Health Reconsidering the Minimum New Vital Signs for Health Age to Purchase Tobacco Central to the growing demand for streamlining, The Tobacco to 21 Act (S. 2100) was introduced harmonizing, and aligning measurement to the in the Senate, with companion legislation in the issues that matter most in health and health care is House, to prohibit the sale or distribution of the 2015 report Vital Signs: Core Metrics for Health tobacco products to individuals under the age of and Health Care Progress. The report calls for a 21. The bill cites three recommendations from the small, standardized set of measures that better recent report Public Health Implications of Rais- reflect the system’s record in meeting its potential ing the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco to improve health and health care. Measurement Products. The report notes that raising the mini- requirements have grown exponentially in recent mum age for tobacco purchase to 21 would result years, with a paradoxical result: the expanded in 223,000 fewer premature deaths, 50,000 fewer investment (and burden) of health measurement deaths from lung cancer, and 4.2 million fewer has blurred the focus on system performance. years of life lost for people born between 2000 The number of measures—in addition to and 2019; reduce tobacco initiation, particularly their inconsistent and often incompatible among youth aged 15 to 17 years old; and lead to a characteristics—undermines their utility. Vital 12 percent reduction in smoking prevalence. Signs recommends a set of 15 core measures to be gathered at national, state, local and institutional levels in four domains: healthy people, quality Farewell to Partially care, better value, and engaged people. The report also recommends a process to refine, Hydrogenated Oils implement, and revise the measures over time. Many key stakeholders have pledged their support In June 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administra- for the report, including the American Medical tion (FDA) ruled that partially hydrogenated oils Association, the National Governors Association, (PHOs), the primary dietary source of artificial the American Public Health Association, and the trans fat in processed foods, are not safe for hu- National Quality Forum. man consumption and required manufacturers to entirely remove PHOs from products within 3 years. The FDA cited the landmark report Dietary Protecting Brain Health Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino The President’s Budget for Fiscal Year 2016 allo- Acids in its announcement of the new ruling. cates $5 million to fund research into sports- related brain injuries in youth. Furthermore, a House bill (H.R. 1271) was introduced to provide for sys- Healthier Foods in Schools temic research, treatment, prevention, awareness, and dissemination of information about sports- The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is related concussions. Both actions responded to rec- awarding more than $8 million in grants to support ommendations from a 2013 Academies report. healthier foods in schools and child care centers. As part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, stu- dents have eaten healthier breakfasts, lunches, and #1 Most Notable Medical snacks at school since 2012. The grants will add to resources that USDA provides to help schools Finding of 2015 serve healthier food options that meet updated The New Yorker named the importance of CPR nutrition standards. More than 95 percent of outside the hospital setting as the most notable schools report that they are successfully meeting medical finding of 2015. This finding was high- those nutrition standards, which were based on lighted in the 2015 report Strategies to Improve Academies recommendations. Cardiac Arrest Survival: A Time to Act, which found that less than 3 percent of the U.S. public receives CPR training annually.

16 Shaping Health & Science Policy Chimpanzees in Biomedical Restore the U.S. Lead in and Behavioral Research Biomedical Research

After an Academies report found that there is a Former and current NAM presidents Harvey V. decreasing scientific need for the use of chimpan- Fineberg and Victor J. Dzau published a joint call zees in biomedical and behavioral research, the in the Journal of the American Medical Association U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ruled in June 2015 to restore the U.S. lead in biomedical research. that all chimpanzees, both wild and captive, are Fineberg and Dzau warned that the United States’ endangered under the Endangered Species Act. position as a global leader in biomedical research Previously, captive chimpanzees had been exclud- is being undermined as other countries outpace ed to allow the National Institutes of Health (NIH) the U.S. commitment to research. Their statement to carry out research. In November, the NIH an- called for increased research funding and more nounced that it is ceasing its chimpanzee research robust alternatives to traditional research funding program altogether. Animals currently owned by mechanisms. the NIH will be retired to sanctuaries.

Health Policy Retreats for State Understanding Myalgic Governors Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome In collaboration with the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Peterson Center on The NIH will undertake a multi-institute research Healthcare, the National Academy of Medicine effort to improve diagnosis and treatment for facilitated governors’ retreats in five states— Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syn- Alabama, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, drome (ME/CFS), a disease estimated to affect and Wisconsin. The sessions engaged key state up to 2.5 million Americans. The NIH’s efforts are stakeholders in cooperative discussions and action guided by a 2015 report that found that many care plans on the most compelling health and health providers misunderstand or lack awareness about care transformation challenges faced. An NGA- managing the disease—a knowledge gap that wide session was held in Utah to consider common leads to delayed diagnoses and ineffective care. themes and opportunities related to data-driven The report recommended new diagnostic criteria health care; linking physical and behavioral health; and a more precise name for the illness: systemic combatting heroin and opiate abuse; rural health exertion intolerance disease, or SEID. and workforce planning; and delivery system transformation and payment reform. Growing out of the conversations, NGA has developed and Health and Well-Being of is implementing a toolkit to help states address Sexual Minorities these issues.

The NIH recently announced its “Strategic Plan to Advance Research on the Health and Wellbeing of Sexual and Gender Minorities,” which will provide the agency with a framework for progress in this area and lay a foundation for improved health and well-being among these groups, whose health needs have not traditionally received strong atten- tion from the research community. The plan draws on recommendations from the 2011 report The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans- gender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding.

18 Improving Care Quality & Value

Nurses test the NAM’s soon-to-be- released community toolkit for end-of-life conversations. Support for End-of-Life Care Price Transparency for Conversations Medical Services

Under a new rule announced by the Centers for An Oregon Senate bill seeking price transparency Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), health care for medical services cites the 2012 report Best providers will be paid to counsel Medicare patients Care at Lower Cost: The Path to Continuously about end-of-life decisions—a service not previ- Learning Health Care in America. The bill would ously reimbursable for Medicare’s approximately require licensed health care providers in Oregon 50 million beneficiaries. The ruling cites the 2014 to post on their websites, and in their facilities, report Dying in America: Improving Quality and charges for their most common health care Honoring Individual Preferences Near the End of services. Licensed health care providers would Life, which found that most people nearing the also have to provide cost estimates to prospective end of life do not discuss their values, goals, and patients on request. preferences with care providers—often leading to care that is not person-centered, family-oriented, or life-improving. The report recommended systemic changes to support clinicians in leading Learning Health System these important conversations with patients and For nearly a decade, the NAM has been their families. The new rule went into effect on exploring and catalyzing ways to accelerate the January 1, 2016. development and application of the evidence essential for better health and health care. Progress in technology, research tools, care Scope of Practice for Nurse models, and stakeholder engagement make Practitioners possible the vision of a continuous learning health system—one in which science, informatics, California Senate bill 323 would grant appropriate- incentives, and culture are aligned for continuous ly trained nurse practitioners “full practice author- evaluation, improvement, and innovation of ity” without supervision from a physician. The bill care. Working through the NAM’s Leadership reads, in part, that “due to the excellent safety Consortium for Value & Science-Driven Health and efficacy record that nurse practitioners have Care and its Innovation Collaboratives, the earned, the Institute of Medicine of the National NAM has fostered field attention to the notion, Academies has recommended full practice author- possibilities, and strategies for the learning ity for nurse practitioners.” health system. The program has also stimulated and partnered in initiatives of public and private organizations to implement research studies Assessing the Value of Cancer that dramatically reduce time to achieve results, Treatment Options streamline regulatory processes to allow more real-time evidence generation, build capacity for The American Society of Clinical Oncology inter-institutional cooperative research networks, released a “Framework to Assess the Value identify and share best practices in high value of Cancer Treatment Options,” drawing on care, and create accelerated learning networks recommendations from three Academies reports, for health care organizations, as well as for their to assess the value of new cancer therapies patient and family partners. The coming year according to clinical benefit, safety, and cost. Once will see additional work to set the stage for finalized and adapted for clinical use, the tool will accelerated progress in the application of clinical allow clinicians to tailor an assessment of value to decision support tools, spread of knowledge on each individual patient’s health preferences and the effectiveness of person- and family-engaged financial situation. care, and efforts to reduce the burden of health measurement by streamlining and sharpening its focus.

20 Building Leaders

Fellows address the NAM membership at the 2015 Annual Meeting. Rebekah Gee Named Secretary prevention in her new position as a clinical profes- of Louisiana Department of sor at the New York University College of Nursing. Suzanne Bakken, the 2015-16 Nurse Scholar, is Health and Hospitals working on a Culture of Health consensus study. The eight active NAM Anniversary Fellows Louisiana GovernorJohn Bel Edwards named Dr. had various placements within the Academies, Rebekah Gee, the NAM’s inaugural Norman F. contributing to consensus reports on recommend- Gant/American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecol- ed social and behavioral domains in the electronic ogy (ABOG) Fellow, as Secretary of the Louisiana health record, supporting parents with young chil- Department of Health and Hospitals. dren, and responsible sharing of clinical trial data; In her new role, she will oversee the expansion an American Journal of Preventive Medicine com- of Louisiana’s Medicaid program—a move that will mentary; and a workshop on Cancer Prevention in extend health insurance to as many as 300,000 of Low-Resource Areas, among other activities. Louisiana’s working poor. The 2014-15 class of the FDA Tobacco Regula- In remarks following her appointment, Gee tory Science Fellows contributed to the Food and pledged to use her skills as a physician, patient, Drug Administration’s Center for Tobacco Prod- parent, and policy maker to do everything she ucts (CTP) in the areas of compliance and enforce- can to improve the lives and health of people in ment, policy, regulations, science, and health com- Louisiana. munication and education. Their activities included In her role as inaugural Gant/ABOG Fellow, providing key research for the evaluation of the Gee served on national committees for women’s CTP mass media campaigns and presenting at an health research and preventive services for wom- FDA lecture series. en. She also actively contributed to the develop- ment of national reports and recommendations on women’s health. Gee currently serves as a member of the Academies’ Board on Health Care Services. Previously, Gee served as medical director for Louisiana’s Medicaid program.

Fellows Activities in 2015

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Health Policy Fellows were central contributors to health and health care reform legislation, working in both the executive and legislative branches through three Democratic, two Republican, and two Ex- RWJF Health Policy ecutive assignments. All worked in areas of great Fellow Kimberlyn Leary significance to the ongoing implementation of was named as 1 of 29 the Affordable Care Act and a variety of the most “Powerful Black Women Calling the Shots in the challenging public health issues of our time, in- Obama Administration” cluding end-of-life issues; military health; sustain- by Essence magazine. able growth rate for physician reimbursement; and the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act; as well as medical product research, develop- ment, and delivery. After leaving the NAM, Sally Cohen, the 2014- 15 Distinguished Nurse Scholar-in-Residence, launched a program of research on bullying

22 Member Spotlight

The NAM is the world’s premier membership organization for those who have dedicated their lives to improving human health. NAM members are the architects of major scientific breakthroughs, policy leaders in the United States and abroad, exceptional care practitioners, and the brightest minds in academia. Our members dedicate their time to serve the mission of the NAM and the Academies. About Membership in the On December 22, 2015, the White House an- National Academy of Medicine nounced this year’s recipients of the National Medal of Science and National Medal of Technol- The NAM has more than 2,000 members elect- ogy and Innovation. These medals are the nation’s ed in recognition of distinguished professional highest honors for achievement and leadership in achievement and commitment to protecting and advancing the fields of science and technology. advancing health through volunteer service in Seven NAM members received their medals from the activities of the NAM and other groups in the President Barack Obama at the White House on Academies. Each year, NAM members elect up to January 22, 2016. 70 U.S. members and 10 international members to join their ranks from a large pool of exceptional National Medal of Science: nominees. Election reflects the highest esteem of Albert Bandura, Stanford University professional peers in clinical, scientific, and other Stanley Falkow, Stanford University School of fields that interface with health and medicine. Medicine Rakesh K. Jain, Harvard Medical School and Mas- sachusetts General Hospital Member Achievements in 2015 Mary-Claire King, University of Washington

The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for mecha- National Medal of Technology and Innovation: nistic studies of DNA repair” was awarded to Paul Joseph DeSimone, University of North Carolina at Modrich of Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, and Duke University School of Medicine, a member Carbon3D of the NAM and the NAS. Aziz Sancar and Tomas Mark Humayun, University of Southern California Lindahl shared the prize. Cato T. Laurencin, University of Connecticut

NAM Class of 2014 Members Elected in 2015

Evan Dale Abel, Carver College of Medicine, Sally C. Davies, Department of Health, United University of Iowa Kingdom Sudhir Anand, University of Oxford and Harvard T.H. Tejal A. Desai, School of Pharmacy and School of Chan School of Public Health Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Christopher P. Austin, National Center for Advancing Richard DiMarchi, Indiana University, Bloomington Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health Dennis E. Discher, University of Pennsylvania Howard Bauchner, Journal of the American Medical Kenneth A. Dodge, Sanford School of Public Policy, Association, American Medical Association Duke University Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, University of California, Ronald Stanton Duman, Yale University School of San Francisco Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center Andrew B. Bindman, University of California, San James C. Eisenach, Wake Forest School of Medicine Francisco Napoleone Ferrara, University of California, San Diane Feickert Birt, College of Agriculture and Life Diego Sciences and College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University Julie A. Freischlag, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine Rena Bizios, University of Texas, San Antonio Amato J. Giaccia, Stanford University School of Linda Burnes Bolton, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Medicine Otis Webb Brawley, Emory University and American Melissa Lynn Gilliam, University of Chicago Cancer Society Gary Gilliland, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Serdar E. Bulun, Feinberg School of Medicine, North- Center western University; and Prentice Women’s Hospital Christopher K. Glass, University of California, San Atul Butte, University of California, San Francisco Diego Joseph D. Buxbaum, Icahn School of Medicine at Fastone Mathew Goma, University of Zambia School Mount Sinai of Medicine Mario R. Capecchi, University of Utah School of Michael R. Green, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Medicine and University of Massachusetts Medical School Jean-Laurent Casanova, Howard Hughes Medical Murat Günel, Yale School of Medicine and Yale-New Institute and St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics Haven Hospital of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University Robert A. Harrington, Stanford University Glenn M. Chertow, Stanford University School of Medicine Sean Hennessy, University of Pennsylvania Kathleen R. Cho, University of Michigan Medical Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Harvard Medical School and School, Ann Arbor Boston Children’s Hospital Benjamin K. Chu, Kaiser Permanente Frank Hu, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical Sarah Cleaveland, College of Medical, Veterinary, School and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Anna Huttenlocher, University of Wisconsin School Josep Dalmau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomed- of Medicine and Public Health, Madison iques, August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona Frances E. Jensen, Penn Medicine Translational Neuroscience Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 25 Ned H. Kalin, HealthEmotions Research Institute, Elizabeth Odilile Ofili, Morehouse School of Medi- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Pub- cine; Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Insti- lic Health, Wisconsin Psychiatric Institute and Clinics, tute; and RCMI Translational Research Network Madison Nikola P. Pavletich, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Beth Y. Karlan, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Can- and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center cer Institute and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Jonathan Brian Perlin, Hospital Corporation of Arthur Kaufman, University of New Mexico, Albu- America; Vanderbilt University; and Virginia Com- querque monwealth University Kenneth W. Kinzler, Ludwig Center and Sidney Kim- Kenneth S. Ramos, University of Arizona Health Sci- mel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins ences Center, Tucson University Bonnie W. Ramsey, Seattle Children’s Research Keith Paul Klugman, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foun- Institute and University of Washington School of dation; Emory University; and University of the Wit- Medicine watersrand Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Valerie F. Reyna, Human Neuroscience Institute; Research Unit Center for Behavioral Economics and Decision Re- Walter J. Koroshetz, National Institute of Neuro- search; Cornell Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facil- logical Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of ity; and Cornell University Health Alexander Rudensky, Howard Hughes Medical Insti- Vivian S. Lee, University of Utah tute; and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Kung-Yee Liang, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Richard H. Scheller, 23andMe Inc. Roberto Malinow, University of California, San Diego Susan E. Skochelak, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and American Medical Laurie Kay McCauley, School of Dentistry, University Association of Michigan, Ann Arbor Nahum Sonenberg, Rosalind and Morris Goodman David A. McCormick, Yale School of Medicine Cancer Research Centre, McGill University David Owen Meltzer, University of Chicago Douglas O. Staiger, Dartmouth College Joan W. Miller, Harvard Medical School and Massa- Kevin Struhl, Harvard Medical School chusetts General Hospital Tan Chorh Chuan, National University of Singapore, Vincent Mor, Brown University School of Public Health Marita G. Titler, University of Michigan School of Nursing James A. Morone, Brown University Richard Leo Wahl, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiol- Edvard Ingjald Moser, Kavli Institute for Systems ogy, Washington University School of Medicine Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Alan Reed Weil, Health Affairs and Project Hope May-Britt Moser, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuro- John Whyte, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute science and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwe- and Thomas Jefferson University gian University of Science and Technology Shinya Yamanaka, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovas- Vasant Narasimhan, Novartis Pharmaceuticals cular Disease; University of California, San Francisco; and Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Robert W. Neumar, University of Michigan Medical Kyoto University School, Ann Arbor Laura Elizabeth Niklason, Yale University

26 Programs

A listing of NAM programs and special initiatives, as well as the boards, roundtables, and forums of the Health and Medicine Division. NAM Programs

A still from a video on Improving the Health of Young Adults produced by the NAM’s Innovation to Incubation (i2I) program. Leadership Consortium for Value & Science-Driven Health Care

Executive Director: J. Michael McGinnis Contact: Mina Bakhtiar ([email protected])

The Leadership Consortium is comprised of Clinical Effectiveness national leaders and innovators from major Research stakeholder sectors and organizations who share a common commitment to transformational The constantly increasing diversity and sophis- progress in the effectiveness and value of health tication of health care interventions hold great care, attainment of a health system that continu- promise for gains in patient health, but also raise ously learns and improves, and better health for substantial challenges to the pace and nature of all Americans. The Leadership Consortium works research about the effectiveness of treatments. through the activities of its member organizations, Clinical research is straining to keep up with the as well as through five Innovation Collaboratives rapid and evolution of medical interventions and (ICs). Each IC is devoted to stewarding and facili- the innovation that occurs in clinical practice. It tating cooperative projects and shared energies on has become clear that progress is needed in the the issues most important for advancing science use of new technology and research techniques to and value in health and health care. better capture the care experience for evidence on efficiency and effectiveness under various circum- stances. CERIC aims to foster that progress. Care Culture and Decision Making Digital Learning CCDmIC brings together patients, families, clini- cians, and technology and communications pro- With more components—testing, diagnosis, fessionals to promote patient- and family-centered records, and patient–clinician communication— care, including team care and shared decision shifting to digital platforms, there exists trans- making. Its vision is for care that “is designed, with formative potential for increasing the efficiency, patient involvement, to ensure timely, convenient, convenience, and effectiveness of health care. well-coordinated engagement of a person’s health Digitalizing health care processes and information and health care needs, preferences, and values; provides the foundation necessary to drive a con- it includes explicit and partnered determination tinuously improving health system in which knowl- of patient goals and care options; and it requires edge from past events is used to guide decisions. ongoing assessment of the care match with pa- A health information technology infrastructure tient goals” (Transforming Health Care Scheduling that supports a continuously improving, learning and Access: Getting to Now, 2015). CCDmIC also health care system requires consideration of the stewards the National Patient & Family Leader- capabilities, technical and policy approaches, and ship Network, which is committed to expanding operating principles needed to allow data from person- and family-engaged care. multiple areas of clinical health care, population health, clinical, biomedical, and translational re- search to be leveraged, while protecting patients’ privacy.

29 Value Incentives and Systems health care by better integrating and aligning the Approaches multiple process in play. Some promising initia- tives are developing to redirect incentives away Health care in the United States is, in many circum- from volume and toward value (e.g., value-based stances, the best in the world. Yet we pay more for payment design, pay for performance, bundled health care relative to other nations to get results payments). However, there remains a need to that, on a population basis, are just mediocre. The advance the implementation of these initiatives prevailing approach to payment and design for in a coordinated and systemic way. The utility of health care—which focuses predominantly on fees systems-based solutions is well-documented, and for individual services rendered—lies at the center will be essential to advancing the coordinated of the issue. Application of basic systems engi- implementation of and collaboration around value- neering principles can improve value achieved by based delivery models.

Members of the Consortium

Mark McClellan (Chair), Duke University John W. Rowe, Columbia University Raymond J. Baxter, Kaiser Permanente Leonard D. Schaeffer, University of Southern Paul Bleicher, Optum Labs California David Blumenthal, The Commonwealth Fund Joe Selby, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Paul Chew, Sanofi US Institute Susan DeVore, Premier, Inc. Mark D. Smith, University of California, San Judith Faulkner, Epic Systems Francisco David Feinberg, Geisinger Health System Harrison Spencer, Association of Schools & Joseph F. Fifer, Healthcare Financial Management Programs of Public Health Association Craig Samitt, Anthem, Inc. Patricia A. Gabow, Denver Health (Formerly) Jennifer Taubert, Johnson & Johnson Atul Gawande, Ariadne Labs; Brigham and Marta Tellado, Consumers Union Women’s Hospital; Harvard University David Torchiana, Partners HealthCare System Paul Grundy, IBM Reed V. Tuckson, Tuckson Health Connections James Heywood, PatientsLikeMe Debra B. Whitman, AARP Paul Hudson, AstraZeneca Brent C. James, Intermountain Healthcare Ex Officio Craig A. Jones, Vermont Blueprint for Health Robert M. Califf, Food and Drug Administration Gary Kaplan, Virginia Mason Health System (Peter Lurie) Darrell G. Kirch, Association of American Medical Francis Collins, National Institutes of Health Colleges (Kathy Hudson) Richard E. Kuntz, Medtronic Karen DeSalvo, Department of Health and Human Richard C. Larson, Massachusetts Institute of Services Technology Thomas Frieden, Centers for Disease Control and Peter Long, Blue Shield of California Foundation Prevention (Chesley Richards) James L. Madara, American Medical Association Richard Kronick, Agency for Healthcare Research Mark Miller, MedPAC and Quality Mary D. Naylor, University of Pennsylvania James Macrae, Health Resources and Services William D. Novelli, Georgetown University Administration Harold Paz, Aetna David Shulkin, Department of Veterans Affairs Jonathan B. Perlin, Hospital Corporation of (Carolyn Clancy) America Andrew Slavitt, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Richard Platt, Harvard Medical School Services (Patrick Conway) Richard J. Pollack, American Hospital Association Jonathan Woodson, Department of Defense Michael Rosenblatt, Merck & Company Health Policy Educational Programs & Fellowships

Director: Marie Michnich Contact: Yumi Phillips ([email protected])

The NAM’s Health Policy Educational Programs NAM Anniversary Fellows and Fellowships (HPEPF) enrich the experience of early- and mid-career professionals and nurture This program is designed for health science schol- the next generation of health and medical leaders. ars who are 1 to 10 years away from completion The NAM administers four national health policy of a residency or receipt of a doctoral degree to fellowship and scholarship programs. participate in the process by which the Academies provides health advice to the nation. This direct involvement in the work of the NAM and the Acad- FDA Tobacco Regulatory emies prepares young investigators to contribute Science Fellowship to the future direction of health care throughout their careers while also accelerating their career A collaborative program between the FDA Center development. for Tobacco Products and the NAM, this 12-month, multidisciplinary residential program is designed Endowed Fellowships for mid-career professionals to gain experience and expertise to further define and develop the The Norman F. Gant/American Board of Ob- field of regulatory science as it relates to the regu- stetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) Fellowship is lation of tobacco products and FDA’s authorities named in honor of Norman F. Gant, MD, a mem- under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco ber of the NAM and the executive director of Control Act. ABOG. The fellowship is designed to provide an exceptional learning and career development opportunity to obstetricians and gynecologists Distinguished Nurse early in their careers. Scholar-in-Residence The James C. Puffer, M.D./American Board of Supported by the American Academy of Family Medicine (ABFM) Fellowship provides Nursing, the American Nurses Association, talented, early-career health policy or health and the American Nurses Foundation science scholars in the field of family medicine to participate in the NAM and Academies’ work The Nurse Scholar program is designed to as- and to further their careers as future leaders in sist outstanding nurse leaders to play a more the field. prominent role in health policy development at the national level. The program seeks individuals The overall purpose of the Gilbert S. Omenn who have the capacity and skills to bring issues of Fellowship at the NAM is to enable talented, special interest in nursing to greater public under- early-career scholars combining biomedical sci- standing and policy attention. ence and population health to participate active- ly in the Academies study process, promoting the linkage of public health and medicine—both scientifically and through practice and policy.

31 The Greenwall Fellowship in Bioethics enables The Anniversary Fellowship in Osteopathic young investigators to participate actively in Medicine provides early-career faculty and the work of the NAM and the Academies and to future leaders in osteopathic medicine with the further their careers as future leaders address- opportunity to participate actively in the work of ing bioethics issues in clinical care, biomedical the NAM and the Academies. research, and public policy.

The Anniversary Fellowship in Pharmacy is Robert Wood Johnson designed to enable talented, early-career health Foundation Health Policy policy or health science scholars to participate Fellows actively in the work of the NAM and the Acad- emies and to further their careers as future This program provides the nation’s most com- leaders in the field of pharmacy. prehensive fellowship experience at the nexus of health, science, and policy in Washington, DC. It is Sponsored Fellowships an outstanding opportunity for exceptional mid- career health professionals and behavioral and so- The Anniversary Fellowship sponsored by the cial scientists with an interest in health and health American Board of Internal Medicine Founda- care policy promoting the health of the nation. tion in honor of Dr. John Benson provides an ex- Fellows participate in the policy process at the ceptional opportunity for talented, early-career federal level and use that leadership experience to health science scholars to experience the work improve health, health care, and health policy. of the NAM and the Academies. Preference is given to applicants with a demonstrated interest in and focus on medical professionalism.

RWJF Health Policy Fellows Advisory Board Roster

Gail L. Warden (Chair), Henry Ford Health System A. Carole Pratt, Commonwealth of Virginia Joseph Antos, American Enterprise Institute for Charles L. Rice, Uniformed Services University of Public Policy Research the Health Sciences Mary Agnes Carey, Kaiser Health News Eduardo Sanchez, American Heart Association Kathryn Edin, Johns Hopkins University Lisa Simpson, AcademyHealth Clyde Evans, CE Consulting Antonia M. Villaruel, University of Pennsylvania Arthur L. Kellermann, Uniformed Services School of Nursing University of the Health Sciences Kenneth B. Wells, University of California, Los Herb B. Kuhn, Missouri Hospital Association Angeles, and RAND Corporation Alan I. Leshner, American Association for the Advancement of Science (Former) Innovation to Incubation (i2I)

Director: Kimber Bogard ([email protected])

i2I champions innovative ideas and cultivates path- and collaboration within and among states. ways to action to augment the work of the NAM Teams will meet regularly over the course of and other health-related activities of the National 6 months to share information and develop Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. tailored implementation plans for their areas. Through staff enrichment, strategic support, net- • Health Levers Across the Life Course: A series working, and targeted communications, i2I aims to of expert meetings to discuss issues to con- increase the Academies’ impact on the future of sider in designing longitudinal cohort stud- health and health care. ies with a focus on “health levers” across the lifespan, and inequities in particular. • Timely Permanency for Children: An expert Current Projects meeting to develop a statement of task for a potential consensus study on timely perma- • Health Innovators Speaker Series: A semi- nency for children in foster care. annual lecture series to enrich the knowledge • Social Justice and Health Equity: A series of of Academies staff. NAM Perspectives will address social justice • Birth to Age 8 Workforce: Implementa- and health equity from multiple disciplinary tion Planning: A project to foster networks lenses.

Culture of Health

Director: Rose Marie Martinez Contact: Amy Geller ([email protected])

The NAM’s Culture of Health program, founded in effects of poor health not only for individuals but 2015 with support from the Robert Wood Johnson also their families and society. Foundation, aims to identify the conditions and The NAM will appoint an advisory commit- solutions needed for every person to achieve equi- tee to oversee a range of activities that will focus table good health and well-being and to examine on assessing the evidence base; identifying types the policies and practices needed to support a of successful and sustainable practices, policies, culture that promotes health. and partnerships; and examining how to promote Individual health is shaped by many economic health equity and scale effective efforts. The first and social factors such as income, education, ac- 5 years of this collaborative Academies-wide pro- cess to quality health care, geography, and race gram will focus on identifying the conditions and and ethnicity. The uneven access to the conditions solutions needed for all to achieve equitable good that are needed for good health across the United health and well-being. States has been well-documented, as have the

33 Rosenthal Symposium

Contact: Megan Slavish ([email protected])

Through the generosity of the Richard & Hinda highlighted the most recent report in the Qual- Rosenthal Foundation, the NAM hosts an annual ity Chasm Series, Improving Diagnosis in Health discussion series to bring greater attention to criti- Care. The symposium highlighted the impact of cal health policy issues facing our country today. the reports through implementation of recom- mendations, addressed the shortcomings of and improvements to our current health care system 2015 Symposium: Protecting with respect to patient safety and health care Patients—Advances and Future quality, and identified future priorities for reducing Directions in Patient Safety medical errors and improving quality and effi- ciency of the U.S. health care system. More about The 2015 Richard & Hinda Rosenthal Symposium this year’s event, including the full agenda, speaker observed the 15th anniversary of the 1999 report biosketches, video recordings, and photographs is To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System available at nam.edu/2015Rosenthal. and 2001 report Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, and also

Annual Meeting & Public Symposium

Contact: Megan Slavish ([email protected])

In conjunction with the annual members meeting address. Additional features included a panel on every October, the NAM hosts a 1-day public sym- the biology of aging moderated by Richard Hodes, posium on a topic of pressing interest. director of the National Institute on Aging; a ses- sion on aging, cognition, and frailty moderated by Eric Larson of Group Health; a panel on social in- 2015 Symposium on Aging fluences, interventions, and impacts moderated by Jack Rowe of Columbia University; and a closing The 2015 Annual Meeting featured a daylong sci- forum on innovations in aging science and tech- entific program exploring the biology of aging; its nology moderated by NAM president Victor Dzau. public health and social impacts; and exciting in- The topic of the 2016 public symposium on novations that could catalyze progress in extend- October 17, 2016, will be “Obesity and Type 2 ing the lifespan and foster healthy aging. Laura Diabetes: Reversing the Dramatic, 30-Year Rise in Carstensen, founding director of the Stanford Uni- Prevalence.” versity Center on Longevity, delivered the keynote

34 DC Public Health Case Challenge

Contact: Amy Geller ([email protected])

The DC Public Health Case Challenge aims to 2015 Case: Supporting Mental promote interdisciplinary, problem-based learning Health in Older Veterans around a public health issue that faces the local Washington, DC, community. In the 2015 case, teams were charged with Universities in the DC area form teams developing a feasible and creative protocol that consisting of five to six members from at least will support mental health in older veterans living three disciplines. Teams are given a case, written in the DC area. by students from the participating universities, that provides background information on a local 2015 Winners public health problem. Teams have a limited Grand Prize: American University amount of time to devise a comprehensive Creativitiy Prize: University of Maryland, Baltimore intervention, which they present to an expert Practicality Prize: Georgetown University; George panel of judges. Washington University Teams are judged on the interdisciplinary nature of their response, feasibility of implementation, creativity, and practicality.

Awards & Honors

Lienhard, Sarnat, Cecil: K. Corrin Merrit ([email protected]) Member Awards: Donna Duncan ([email protected])

The NAM presents awards annually to recognize in improving health care services in the United singular individuals in the fields of health, States. Support for the award is provided by the medicine, and science. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Each year, a selection committee appointed by the NAM re- views nominations based on selection criteria that Gustav O. Lienhard Award reflect the ideals and work of Mr. Lienhard and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The Gustav O. Lienhard Award, established in 1986, is presented annually by the NAM in honor of 2015 Recipient Gustav O. Lienhard, Chairman of the Robert Wood Robert L. Brent, Thomas Jefferson University and Johnson Foundation’s Board of Trustees from 1971 Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children to 1986. The award—a medal and $40,000—rec- ognizes individuals for outstanding achievement

35 Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat Adam Yarmolinsky Medal International Prize in Mental The Adam Yarmolinsky Medal is awarded to an Health NAM member from a discipline outside the health and medical sciences, such as the social and be- The Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Prize havioral sciences, law, public policy, and in Mental Health is presented annually by the NAM. administration. Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat established the award in 1992 out of a commitment to improving the sci- 2015 Recipient ence base and delivery of mental health services. Susan Scrimshaw, The Sage Colleges This international award recognizes individuals, groups, or organizations for outstanding achieve- David Rall Medal ment in improving mental health and is accompa- nied by a medal and $20,000. Each year, a selec- The David Rall Medal is awarded to an NAM mem- tion committee appointed by the NAM reviews ber who has demonstrated particularly distin- nominations based on selection criteria that reflect guished leadership as a chair of a study commit- the ideals of Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat. tee or other such activities in a manner that was particularly exemplary. 2015 Recipients Kay Redfield Jamison, Johns Hopkins University 2015 Recipient Kenneth S. Kendler, Virginia Commonwealth Jonathan Samet, University of Southern California University Cecil Award

Member & Staff Awards Each year, the NAM honors three current or for- mer staff members with a Cecil Award. The Cecil The NAM presents awards annually to NAM Awards—which consist of a medal and $5,000— members and staff of the National Academies of recognize outstanding, sustained contributions of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine whose service staff members to program or membership activi- to the mission of the NAM has been especially ties. The “Cecils” are the highest distinction for a distinguished. staff member.

Walsh McDermott Medal 2015 Recipients Alina Baciu, Board on Population Health The Walsh McDermott Medal is awarded to an Bridget Kelly, Board on Children, Youth, and NAM member in recognition of distinguished Families service to the NAM and the Academies over an Yumi Phillips, Health Policy Educational Programs extended period of time. and Fellowships

2015 Recipient Alan Leshner, American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science (Emeritus)

36 NAM Special Initiatives

Scientists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jacques Pouyssegur converse at the International Summit on Human Gene Editing Global Health Risk Framework

Contact: Morgan Kanarek ([email protected])

The NAM convened the independent, international pandemic preparedness and response is not just Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework a health issue—rather, it is essential to global for the Future (GHRF) in late 2015 to assess security and economic stability. An original response to the then-ongoing Ebola outbreak analysis commissioned for the report places and recommend reforms that will enable more annualized expected losses from pandemics at effective management of global health crises in $60 billion per year, yet the global community the future. To inform the Commission’s work, the spends remarkably little to prevent and respond Academies hosted 11 days of evidence-gathering to them—far less, in fact, than it does on other workshops across 4 continents and gathered input comparable threats. from more than 250 experts and stakeholders. The The GHRF Commission recommends an annual process was generously supported by six private investment of $4.5 billion to strengthen national foundations, an individual donor, and the U.S. public health systems, improve global and regional Agency for International Development. coordination and response, and accelerate R&D. On January 13, 2016, the Commission’s report, Although $4.5 billion is not a small amount, it is The Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A not beyond reach—and it is a mere fraction of Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises, what we stand to lose from under-investment. was released. The report’s key takeaway is that

GHRF Commissioners and Academies staff meet in Bellagio, Italy. Commissioners

Peter Sands (Chair), Standard Chartered PLC Gabriel Leung, University of Hong Kong (Former) & Harvard Kennedy School Francis Omaswa, African Center for Global Health Oyewale Tomori (Vice Chair), Nigeria Academy of and Social Transformation Sciences Melissa Parker, London School of Hygiene & Ximena Aguilera, Universidad de Desarrollo, Chile Tropical Medicine Irene Akua Agyepong, Ghana Health Service Sujatha Rao, Ministry of Health and Family Yvette Chesson Wureh, University of Liberia Welfare of India Paul Farmer, Partners in Health & Harvard Medical Daniel Ryan, Swiss Re School Jeanette Vega, Chilean National Health Fund Maria Freire, Foundation for the National Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Ministry of Public Health, Institutes of Health Thailand Julio Frenk, University of Miami Tadataka Yamada, Frazier Life Sciences Lawrence Gostin, Georgetown University

International Oversight Group

Victor J. Dzau (Chair), National Academy of Paul Polman, Unilever Medicine Tan Chorh Chuan, National University of Judith Rodin (Vice Chair), The Rockefeller Singapore Foundation Miriam Were, Moi University Fazle Hasan Abed, BRAC Bank Limited Mirta Roses, Pan American Health Organization Arnaud Bernaert, World Economic Forum (Former) Chris Elias, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Shen Xiaoming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Jeremy Farrar, Wellcome Trust School of Medicine Shigeru Omi, Japan Community Health Care Organizaton

Sponsors

Paul G. Allen Family Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Ford Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation U.S. Agency for International Development Mr. Ming Wai Lau Wellcome Trust Vital Directions for Health and Health Care

Contact: Liz Finkelman ([email protected])

More than 5 years after the passage of the The NAM’s Vital Directions for Health and Affordable Care Act, health reform is entering a Health Care initiative will comprise expert opinions critical new phase. The health system is strained from a bipartisan group of health and health care by increasing demand and unsustainable costs. leaders to inform the incoming administration and Too often, care decisions do not align with patient other key decision makers, as well as the public. goals or evidence of effectiveness and Americans Building on the NAM’s longstanding leadership experience untenable disparities in health and role, including the NAM Leadership Consortium’s access to care. At the same time, new technologies sustained focus on advancing a continuously and big data are spurring advances in medical learning health system, the initiative will seek science and the practice of care, including to identify areas of opportunity and explore precision medicine. Patients are increasingly national policies that are immediately actionable empowered to take an active role in their health, and hold promise for improving care quality, and community innovators are designing new increasing access, and lowering costs, among models that could revolutionize the delivery of other goals. A series of 19 NAM Perspectives will care. Increasing emphasis is placed on population be published beginning in the spring of 2016, health, wellness, and prevention. These are the and a comprehensive synthesis document will unprecedented challenges—and extraordinary be published later in the year. A national public opportunities—the 2016 administration must weigh symposium on Vital Directions will be held in as it charts the next steps for health reform in the September 2016. United States.

Steering Committee

Victor J. Dzau (Co-Chair), National Academy of Jane E. Henney, National Academy of Medicine Medicine Shiriki Kumanyika, University of Pennsylvania Mark McClellan (Co-Chair), Duke University The Honorable Michael O. Leavitt, Former Sheila P. Burke, Harvard Kennedy School Governor of Utah; Leavitt Partners Molly J. Coye, Network for Excellence in Health Ruth Parker, Emory University Care Innovation Lewis Sandy, UnitedHealth Group The Honorable Thomas A. Daschle, Former U.S. Leonard D. Schaeffer, University of Southern Senator; The Daschle Group California Angela Diaz, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Glenn D. Steele, xG Health Solutions Sinai Pamela Thompson, American Organization The Honorable William Frist, Former U.S. of Nurse Executives; American Hospital Senator; Vanderbilt University Association Margaret A. Hamburg, National Academy of Elias Zerhouni, Sanofi; The Bill & Melinda Gates Medicine Foundation Human Gene Editing

Contact: Monica Gonzalez ([email protected])

Powerful new gene-editing technologies, such as editing to help inform decision making about this CRISPR-Cas9, hold great promise for advancing research and its application. science and treating disease, but they also The initiative began with an international raise concerns and present complex challenges, summit in December 2015 to convene global particularly because of their potential to be used experts to discuss the scientific, ethical, and to make genetic changes that could be passed governance issues associated with human gene- on to future generations, thereby modifying the editing research. In late 2016, the NAS and the human germline. NAM will issue a comprehensive study by a The NAS/NAM Human Gene Editing initiative multidisciplinary, international committee that will will provide researchers, clinicians, policy makers, examine the scientific underpinnings and clinical, and organizations around the world with a ethical, legal, and social implications of human comprehensive understanding of human gene gene editing.

Grand Challenges in Health & Medicine

Contact: Liz Finkelman ([email protected])

“Grand Challenge” initiatives have inspired some philanthropy, and the public—to coalesce of the most striking scientific accomplishments around shared priorities and audacious goals to in history. The Apollo program sent scientists to advance health, medicine, and health sciences. the moon and yielded extraordinary advances Informed by the fundamental work of related in avionics and other technologies. A project to federal efforts—such as the Brain Initiative and develop electronically mediated strategies for Grand Challenges for Development—as well as faster communication led to the creation of the nongovernmental endeavors like the National World Wide Web and the Internet. The Human Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Genome Project united international researchers Engineering, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s around the goal of sequencing the human Grand Challenges in Global Health, TEDMED’s genome. The goals may have been ambitious, and Great Challenges, and the Clinton Global Initiative, the barriers formidable, but when the challenges the NAM’s Grand Challenges initiative will aim were laid, the world’s brightest minds took action. to spur innovation, steward collective strategies, In the same pioneering spirit, the NAM will and engage public- and private-sector resources launch an initiative in 2016 to identify and engage around common goals where the promise of Grand Challenges in Health and Medicine. The progress is great. The initiative will stand as a clear initiative will inspire leaders across disciplines— call to action around the world’s most pressing from academia, government, industry, business, health priorities.

41 Improving End-of-Life Care

Contact: Laura DeStefano ([email protected])

With the support of an anonymous donor, the In March 2015, the Academies hosted a NAM is carrying out a 2-year dissemination phase National Action Conference on Policies and for the 2014 report Dying in America: Improving Payment Systems to Improve End-of-Life Care. Quality and Honoring Individual Preferences In conjunction with the conference, about 50 Near the End of Life. Activities include a poster organizations made formal written commitments explaining the benefits of palliative care, which to action in one or more of the report’s five has been distributed in 46 U.S. states, as well recommendation areas. The NAM will reconvene as a national public service announcement on these organizations in spring 2016 to assess the importance of talking about end-of-life progress and launch a new Academies roundtable preferences with loved ones and care providers. on end-of-life care. Additional activities forthcoming in early 2016 include a podcast series for care providers and a community event toolkit.

42 HMD Boards, Roundtables, & Forums

A still from a video produced for the 2015 report Improving Diagnosis in Health Care Food and Nutrition Board

Director: Ann L. Yaktine ([email protected])

Food Forum Co-Directors: Heather Cook ([email protected]) and Leslie Sim ([email protected])

Roundtable on Obesity Solutions Director: Lynn Parker ([email protected])

Board on Global Health

Director: Patrick W. Kelley ([email protected])

Forum on Microbial Threats Interim Director: Guru Madhavan ([email protected])

Forum on Global Violence Prevention Director: Louise Flavahan (lfl[email protected])

Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education Director: Patricia Cuff ([email protected])

Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Security Director: Rachel M. Taylor ([email protected])

Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally Director: Kimber Bogard ([email protected])

Board on Health Care Services

Director: Sharyl J. Nass ([email protected])

National Cancer Policy Forum Director: Erin Balogh

Board on Health Sciences Policy

Director: Andrew Pope ([email protected])

Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Director: Anne Claiborne ([email protected])

Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders Director: Claire Stroud ([email protected])

44 Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health Director: Sarah Beachy ([email protected])

Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events Director: Jack Herrmann ([email protected])

Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence Co-Directors: Sarah Domnitz ([email protected]) and Tracy Lustig ([email protected])

Board on the Health of Select Populations

Director: Frederick Erdtmann ([email protected])

Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice

Director: Rose Marie Martinez ([email protected])

Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine Director: Kathleen Stratton ([email protected])

Roundtable on Health Literacy Director: Lyla Hernandez ([email protected])

Roundtable on Population Health Improvement Director: Alina Baciu ([email protected])

Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity and the Elimination of Health Disparities Director: Karen Anderson ([email protected])

Board on Children, Youth, and Families*

Director: Natacha Blain ([email protected])

Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally Director: Kimber Bogard ([email protected])

Forum on Promoting Children’s Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health Director: Wendy Keenan ([email protected])

*Joint board with the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

45

Recent Publications

Reports on health and medicine and NAM Perspectives published in 2015. Health & Medicine Consensus Reports

Considerations for the Design of a Systemic Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Review of Interventions for Preventing Clinical Determination Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Letter Report Through Age 8: A Unifying Foundation

Assessing Progress on the Institute of Medicine Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Report The Future of Nursing Tobacco Regulation

Review of WIC Food Packages: Proposed Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Framework for Revisions: Interim Report Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

Improving Diagnosis in Health Care Review of VA Clinical Guidance for the Health Conditions Identified by the Camp Lejeune Psychosocial Interventions for Mental and Legislation Substance Use Disorders: A Framework for Establishing Evidence-Based Standards Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival: A Time to Act Review of NASA’s Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2015 Letter Report Transforming Health Care Scheduling and Access: Getting to Now Sharing Clinical Trial Data: Maximizing Benefits, Minimizing Risk Vital Signs: Core Metrics for Health and Health Care Progress A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System The Air Force Health Study Assets Research Program Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange– Contaminated C-123 Aircraft Cognitive Aging: Progress in Understanding and Opportunities for Action Workshop Summaries & Briefs

Bringing Public Health into Urban Revitalization Physical Activity: Moving Toward Obesity Solutions: Workshop Summary Appropriate Use of Advanced Technologies for Radiation Therapy and Surgery in Oncology Food Literacy: How Do Communications and Marketing Impact Consumer Knowledge, Skills, Assessing the Impact of Applications of Digital and Behavior? Health Records on Alzheimer’s Disease Research Supporting Family and Community Investments in Applying a Health Lens to Business Practices, Young Children Globally Policies, and Investments

48 The Role of Clinical Studies for Pets with Naturally Genomics-Enabled Learning Health Care Systems: Occurring Tumors in Translational Cancer Research Gathering and Using Genomic Information to Improve Patient Care and Research Health Literacy and Consumer-Facing Technology Scaling Program Investments for Young Children Rapid Medical Countermeasure Response to Globally: Evidence from Latin America and the Infectious Diseases: Enabling Sustainable Caribbean Capabilities Through Ongoing Public- and Private- Sector Partnerships Developing a 21st Century Neuroscience Workforce Opportunities to Promote Children’s Behavioral Health: Health Care Reform and Beyond Regional Disaster Response Coordination to Support Health Outcomes How Modeling Can Inform Strategies to Improve Population Health Spread, Scale, and Sustainability in Population Health Assessing and Improving the Interpretation of Breast Images Harvesting the Scientific Investment in Prevention Science to Promote Children’s Cognitive, Affective, Means of Violence and Behavioral Health

Examining a Developmental Approach to Innovations in Design and Utilization of Childhood Obesity: The Fetal and Early Childhood Measurement Systems to Promote Children’s Years Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health

Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Emerging Viral Diseases: The One Health Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Connection Workforce in Developing Countries Communicating to Advance the Public’s Health Health Literacy: Past, Present, and Future Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive Enabling Discovery, Development, and Translation System, and Eating Behavior of Treatments for Cognitive Dysfunction in Depression Financing Investments in Young Children Globally

International Infectious Disease Emergencies and Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Domestic Implications for the Public Health and Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing Health Care Sectors and Midwifery Enterprise: Lessons from Lower- Income Countries Financial Incentives to Encourage Development of Therapies That Address Unmet Medical Needs for The Neuroscience of Gaming Nervous System Disorders The Use and Effectiveness of Powered Air Collaboration Between Health Care and Public Purifying Respirators in Health Care Health Ethical Review and Oversight Issues in Research Preventing Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda, Involving Standard of Care Interventions Kenya, and Tanzania Advancing Therapeutic Development for Dry Age- Developing a Performance Standard for Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Combination Unit Respirators

49 NAM Perspectives

NAM Perspectives are expert commentaries and discussion papers by leading voices in health and health care.

Revisiting the Common Rule and Continuous Dose Matters: An Approach to Strengthening Improvement in Health Care: A Learning Health Community Health Strategies to Achieve Greater System Perspective | Richard Platt et al. Impact | Pamela Schwartz, Suzanne Rauzon, and Allen Cheadle Health Literacy and Palliative Care: What Really Happens to Patients | Beverly Alves and Diane Health Literacy: A Necessary Element for Achiev- Meier ing Health Equity | Robert A. Logan et al.

Using Data to Address Health Disparities and Drive Assessing the Population Impact of Published Investment in Healthy Neighborhoods | Maggie Intervention Studies | Catherine Chanfreau- Super Church Coffinier, Steven M. Teutsch, and Jonathan E. Fielding The Private-Sector Role in Building Healthy Communities: A Collective Impact Approach | A New Model for Private-Sector Partnerships to Kim Fremont Fortunato Improve Economic Well-Being and Community Outcomes | Ralph Schulz Applying Green Building Principles of Market Transformation to Promote Healthy Places | Unleashing the Power of Prevention | J. David Matthew Trowbridge, Chris Pyke, and Kelly Worden Hawkins et al.

A Perspective on Public–Private Collaboration in A Challenge to Unleash the Power of Prevention | the Health Sector | Lawrence Prybil, Paul Jarris, J. David Hawkins et al. and José Montero Variant Validity (Selected vs. General Population) Improving Global Road Safety: Corporate Sector | Paul R. Billings, Nalini Raghavachari, and Geetha Commitments and Opportunities | Allison Senthil Goldberg et al. Health Care Reform as a Vehicle for Promoting The Health of Complex Human Populations | Gary Children’s Mental and Behavioral Health | Mary Ann Gunderson, Teresa Cutts, and James Cochrane McCabe

Second Annual DC Public Health Case Challenge: Advancing the Care of Children and Adolescents Supporting Adult Involvement in Adolescent with Severe Obesity: A Reason for Clinical Health and Education | Amy Geller et al. Subtyping | Ihuoma Eneli, Susan J. Woolford, and Sandra Hassink Beyond Translation: Promoting a New National Standard for Equity in Health Materials Translated Opportunity Knocks Again for Population Health: from English | Lorena Sprager and Octavio N. Round Two in State Innovation Models | James A. Martinez, Jr. Hester, John Auerbach, Debbie I. Chang, Sanne Magnan, and Judith Monroe FDA and the Media: Lessons from Tysabri about Communicating Uncertainty | Lisa Schwartz and Steven Woloshin

50 Community Health Needs Assessments? Aligning Improved Population Health Through More the Interests of Public Health and the Health Care Dynamic Public Health and Health Care System Delivery System to Improve Population Health | Collaboration | José T. Montero, Monica Valdes Michael A. Stoto and Colleen Ryan Smith Lupi, and Paul E. Jarris

Increasing Movement to Promote Health and Opportunities to Improve Population Health by Learning in Early Childhood | Robert C. Whitaker Integrating Governmental Public Health and Health and Jeffrey S. Gehris Care Delivery: Lessons from the ASTHO Million Hearts Quality Improvement Learning Physical Activity in Latino Communities | Rebecca Collaborative | Jose T. Montero, Sharon G. Moffatt, T. Adeigbe and Amelie G. Ramirez and Paul E. Jarris

Disparities in Physical Activity Among Low-Income Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Genomic Variants and Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities: What Derived from Next-Generation Sequencing for Can We Do? | Wendell C. Taylor Opportunistic Disease Screening and Risk Assessment: Evidence Gaps and Priorities | Physical Activity for People with Disabilities: How Muin J. Khoury, Ann Cashion, Paul R. Billings Do We Reach Those with the Greatest Need? | James H. Rimmer Bringing Community Health Workers into the Mainstream of U.S. Health Care | Mary Pittman, Physical Activity in Older People | Loretta DiPietro Anne Sunderland, Andrew Broderick, and Kevin Investing in Native Community-Led Strategies Barnett to Improve Physical Activity | Donald Warne and Why We Need a Health Literacy Association | Olivia Roanhorse Sabrina Kurtz-Rossi and Robert A. Logan Nutrition-Focused Food Banking | Elizabeth Using a Population Health Driver Diagram to Campbell, Karen Webb, Michelle Ross, Patricia Support Health Care and Public Health Crawford, Heather Hudson, and Ken Hecht Collaboration | Ron Bialek, Jack Moran, Micaela Implementation of Pharmacogenomics: Evidence Kirshy Needs | Mary V. Relling and David L. Veenstra Clinical Utility: Informing Treatment Decisions by Return of Anticipated and Incidental Results from Changing the Paradigm | Robert T. McCormack Next-Generation Sequencing: Implications for and Paul R. Billings Providers and Patients | Janet K. Williams, Ann K. Analytic Validity of Genomic Testing | Victoria Cashion, and P. J. Brooks Pratt and Debra G. B. Leonard The Cost-Effectiveness of Clinical Sequencing | Integrating Research into Health Care Systems: David L. Veenstra, P. J. Brooks Executives’ Views | Karin Johnson, Claudia Gross- Innovation and Best Practices in Health Care mann, Jane Anau, Sarah Greene, Kilian Kimbel, Eric Scheduling | Lisa Brandenburg, Patricia Gabow, Larson, and Katherine Newton Glenn Steele, John Toussaint, and Bernard J. Tyson

51

Finances A general overview of the 2015 finances is illustrated in the materials that follow. For reporting purposes, the finances for the National Academy of Medicine and the Health and Medicine Division are presented together. Chart 1 shows the program expenditures over the past several years. Direct program expenditures for fiscal year 2015 are estimated at just over $45 million, representing a slight increase from fiscal year 2014. The ratio of general operation expenditures to total expenditures remains well below 20 percent. Table 1 presents the detailed dollar expenditures. Sources of funding for general operations and program expenditures for fiscal year 2015 are shown on charts 2 and 3. The primary sources of support for general operations are the indirect cost pool of the National Research Council and income earned from endowment funds. The federal government continues to be the main source of program support, providing 59 percent of the funds in fiscal year 2015.

CHART 1 Program Expenditures, Fiscal Years 2011 through 2015

$60,000,000

$50,000,000

$40,000,000

Flow-Thru $30,000,000 Program Direct Program

$20,000,000

$10,000,000

$- FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 (Estimate)

54 TABLE 1 General Operations and Program Expenditures, Fiscal Years 2011 Through 2015

55 CHART 2 General Operations Support, Fiscal Year 2015—Total Budget $6,952,141

EndowmentEndowment Income,Income, 18%18% Indirect Funds,Indirect 82% Funds, 82%

CHART 3 Sources of Program Funding, Fiscal Year 2015

HMD/NAM

NOTES: DHHS = Department of Health and Human Services; DOD = Department of Defense; SSA = Social Security Administration; USAID = U.S. Agency for International Development; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture; VA = Department of Veterans Affairs.

56 Donor Highlights

The NAM is an independent, nonprofit organization whose work is supported by individuals, foundations, businesses, and government, as well as other organizations. Thank you

Thank you to the many members, friends, staff, and philanthropic organizations that sup- ported the NAM and the HMD during 2015. Your support helps us address the most important health and medicine issues facing our nation and the world. In 2015, private philanthropy pro- vided more than $8.2 million in support to the NAM and more than $19 million was received to support the consensus studies, roundtables, and forums of the HMD. The scope and impact of these gifts and grants are significant. A few highlights of the year include:

• In 2015, the NAM received approximately $800,000 in unrestricted philanthropic sup- port, including $417,540 in donations to the annual fund and $196,900 in gifts to the Harvey V. Fineberg Impact Fund. More than 540 members and friends made contri- butions. Giving was spurred by a challenge from an anonymous NAM member who matched gifts from first-time and lapsed donors and increases in giving by current do- nors up to $150,000. That goal was surpassed, with the NAM receiving $198,461 in gifts that were eligible to be matched. • Annual fund donations enable the NAM to identify and respond to urgent priorities in health and medicine and to initiate leading-edge projects for which major funding is later raised from other sources. During 2015, donations to the annual fund supported the Human Gene Editing and Global Health Risk Framework initiatives, enabled the NAM to begin work on a project to advise the next presidential administration on health policy, and supported the development of a Grand Challenges in Health and Medicine initiative. • Among the projects supported by gifts to the Fineberg Impact Fund was a national summit that convened health leaders and policy makers to discuss recommendations from the 2014 report Dying in America. More than 700 people attended, with 50 or- ganizations making formal commitments to action. The report and its dissemination activities contributed to Medicare’s decision to reimburse providers for time spent counseling patients about end-of-life planning. • The NAM also received $5,933,500 toward its restricted and unrestricted endowment, including $5 million from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) to benefit the Culture of Health program; and $750,000 from the Greenwall Foundation to establish a fellowship in bioethics. A new unrestricted named endowment fund was established with a gift from Harvey Fineberg and Mary Wilson. • A long-term committee member of the HMD informed the institution of her intention to bequeath to the Academies funds that will establish an endowment to provide perpetu- al support for the programs and activities of the Board on Health Care Services. • $3.5 million was raised from The Rockefeller Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foun- dation, the Ford Foundation, the Paul Allen Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and Mr. Ming Wai Lau to support the work of the Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future. These gifts enabled the Academies to convene four international workshops in summer 2015 and produce

58 the Commission’s final report, which made recommendations to inform a more efficient global response to infectious disease outbreaks. • Our long-term partnership with RWJF continues through the prestigious fellowship pro- gram, forums on medical preparedness and early childhood development, and signifi- cant support received for the Culture of Health program. In addition to the endowment funds mentioned above, RWJF also made a 5-year, $5 million commitment of expend- able funds to the Culture of Health program that will enable the HMD to undertake a series of studies and other activities that will focus on social policies to promote health and well-being at the community level. • More than 220 grants were received from corporations, foundations, and other organi- zations to support 18 HMD roundtables and forums that address issues such as aging and disabilities, drug discovery, environmental health, food and nutrition, public–private partnerships, global violence, innovation in health professional education, genomics, neuroscience, obesity, and health literacy.

These gifts and grants are just a few of the many ways in which members, friends, and organizations supported the NAM and the HMD during 2015. This generous support makes so much possible—from building the next generation of health leaders and tackling complex and controversial issues other organizations are not willing to take on to addressing emerging challenges and increasing the impact of our recommendations.

We thank you for your generous commitment.

To make a gift, contact Julie Ische, director of development, at 202-334-3031 or [email protected] or visit NAM.edu/support 2015 Donor Recognition

We gratefully acknowledge the support of private contributors to the National Academy of Medicine. The collective, private philanthropy of our members and friends helps to enhance the NAM’s mission to lead, inspire innovation, and impact the health of all people.

Lifetime Giving The Einstein Society

In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $100,000 or more to the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, or the National Academy of Medicine. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold font are NAM members.

$10 million or more

Arnold and Mabel Beckman* Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.* Bernard M. Gordon George P. Mitchell* Fred Kavli* Raymond and Beverly Sackler

$5 million to $10 million

Donald L. Bren Peter O’Donnell, Jr. William R. and Rosemary B. Hewlett* Dame Jillian Sackler

$1 million to $5 million

Bruce and Betty Alberts Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary E. Wilson Richard and Rita Atkinson Cecil H. Green* Norman R. Augustine Michael and Sheila Held* Craig and Barbara Barrett Joan and Irwin Jacobs Jordan* and Rhoda Baruch Kenneth A. Jonsson* Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Tillie K. Lubin* Harry E. Bovay, Jr.* John F. McDonnell

60 The Ambrose Monell Foundation Bernard* and Rhoda Sarnat Gordon and Betty Moore Leonard D. Schaeffer Robert* and Mayari Pritzker Sara Lee and Axel Schupf Richard L. and Hinda G. Rosenthal* Jack W. and Valerie Rowe Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize Fund of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology at Ohio University

$500,000 to $1 million

Rose-Marie and Jack R.* Anderson Cindy and Jeong Kim John and Elizabeth Armstrong Ralph and Claire Landau* Kenneth E. Behring Asta* and William W. Lang Gordon Bell Ruben F.* and Donna Mettler Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout Dane* and Mary Louise Miller Carson Family Charitable Trust Philip and Sima Needleman Charina Endowment Fund Oliver E. and Gerda K. Nelson* Ralph J. and Carol M. Cicerone Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Darling James McConnell Clark Shela and Kumar Patel Henry David* William J. Rutter Richard Evans* Herbert A. and Dorothea P. Simon* Eugene Garfield Foundation Raymond S. Stata Penny and Bill George, George Family Foundation Roy and Diana Vagelos William T.* and Catherine Morrison Andrew and Erna* Viterbi Golden Alan M. Voorhees* Alexander Hollaender* Anonymous (1) Thomas V. Jones*

$250,000 to $500,000

The Agouron Institute Ralph S. O’Connor W. O. Baker* Kenneth H. Olsen* Warren L. Batts Ann and Michael Ramage Clarence S. Coe* Simon Ramo Theodore Geballe Anne and Walt Robb Jerome H.* and Barbara N. Grossman Stephen* and Anne Ryan Ming and Eva Hsieh Henry and Susan Samueli William R. Jackson* H. E. Simmons* Robert L. and Anne K. James Judy Swanson Mary and Howard* Kehrl Leslie L. Vadasz Janet and Richard M.* Morrow Charles M.* and Rebecca M. Vest

* Deceased

61 “We want to leave something behind and contribute to some of the institutions that made me who I am today. Both academies are dedicated to doing good for the country, and the world, by providing authoritative expert service on complex issues facing our society, nation, and the world. We want to help to ensure that the NAM and NAE have the financial resources to enable this important work to continue.”

—Van C. Mow, NAM/NAE Member, and Barbara Mow

$100,000 to $250,000

Holt Ashley* Ursula Burns and Lloyd Bean Francisco J. and Hana Ayala John and Assia Cioffi William F. Ballhaus, Sr.* Paul Citron and Margaret Carlson Citron Thomas D.* and Janice H. Barrow A. James Clark* H. H. and Eleanor F. Barschall* W. Dale and Jeanne C. Compton Daniel and Frances Berg John D. Corbett* Elwyn and Jennifer Berlekamp Ross and Stephanie Corotis Diane and Norman Bernstein Lance and Susan Davis Bharati and Murty Bhavaraju Roman W. DeSanctis Erich Bloch Robert and Florence Deutsch David G. Bradley Nicholas M. Donofrio Lewis M. Branscomb Paul M. Doty* Sydney Brenner Charles W. Duncan, Jr. George* and Virginia Bugliarello Ruth and Victor J. Dzau Malin Burnham George and Maggie Eads

62 Robert and Cornelia Eaton Roger L. McCarthy Dotty and Gordon England Robin K. and Rose M. McGuire Emanuel and Peggy Epstein William W. McGuire Olivia and Peter Farrell Burt and Deedee McMurtry Michiko So* and Lawrence Finegold G. William* and Ariadna Miller Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Stanley L. Miller* George and Ann Fisher Joe and Glenna Moore Robert C. and Marilyn G. Forney David and Lindsay Morgenthaler Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Clayton Daniel and Patricia L. Mote William L. and Mary Kay Friend Ellen and Philip Neches Christopher Galvin Susan and Franklin M. Orr, Jr. William H. and Melinda F. Gates III David Packard* Nan and Chuck Geschke Charles and Doris Pankow* Jack and Linda Gill Larry* and Carol Papay Martin E. and Lucinda Glicksman Jack S. Parker* George and Christine Gloeckler Edward E. Penhoet Christa and Detlef Gloge Allen E.* and Marilynn Puckett Avram Goldstein* Richard F. and Terri W. Rashid Robert W. Gore Alexander Rich* Paul and Judy Gray Ronald L. Rivest Corbin Gwaltney Matthew L. Rogers and Swati Mylavarapu John O. Hallquist Henry M. Rowan* Margaret A. Hamburg and Peter F. Brown Joseph E. and Anne P. Rowe* William M. Haney III Maxine L. Savitz George and Daphne Hatsopoulos Walter Schlup* John L. Hennessy Wendy and Eric Schmidt Jane Hirsh David E. Shaw Chad and Ann Holliday Richard P. Simmons M. Blakeman Ingle James H. and Marilyn Simons Richard B. Johnston, Jr. Robert F. and Lee S. Sproull Anita K. Jones Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Trevor O. Jones Arnold and Constance Stancell Thomas Kailath Edward C. Stone Yuet Wai and Alvera Kan John and Janet Swanson Leon K. and Olga Kirchmayer* Charlotte and Morris Tanenbaum Frederick A. Klingenstein Peter and Vivian Teets William I. Koch James M. Tien and Ellen S. Weston Gail F. Koshland Gary and Diane Tooker Jill Howell Kramer Martha Vaughan Kent Kresa John C. Wall John W. Landis* Robert and Joan Wertheim Janet and Barry Lang Robert M.* and Mavis E. White Ming-wai Lau John C. Whitehead Gerald and Doris Laubach Wm. A. Wulf David M.* and Natalie Lederman Ken Xie Bonnie Berger and Frank Thomson Leighton Tachi and Leslie Yamada Frances and George Ligler Adrian Zaccaria Whitney and Betty MacMillan Alejandro Zaffaroni* Asad M. Gowhartaj and Jamal Madni Janet and Jerry Zucker Davis L. Masten and Christopher Ireland Anonymous (2)

* Deceased

63 NAM Society

In recognition of members and friends of the NAM who have made lifetime contributions totaling $20,000 to $100,000. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold font are NAM members.

$75,000 to $100,000

John K. Castle Rudi* and Sonja Schmid Michael and Pat McGinnis Jean D. Wilson

$50,000 to $75,000

John R. Ball Robert E. Tranquada William H. Danforth Gail L. Warden Ronald D. Miller Torsten N. Wiesel Woodrow A. Myers, Jr. Anonymous (2) Samuel O. Thier

$20,000 to $50,000

Nancy Adler and Arnold Milstein Tony Gotto Dyanne D. Affonso Bradford H. Gray Jack D. Barchas Jane E. Henney and Robert Graham Jacqueline K. Barton and Martha N. Hill Peter B. Dervan William N. Hubbard, Jr. Paul Berg Tony Hunter Kenneth I. Berns Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Maureen Bisognano The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Floyd E. Bloom Peter S. Kim Enriqueta C. Bond Tadamitsu Kishimoto Stuart Bondurant and Susan Ehringhaus Cato and Cynthia Laurencin Roger J. Bulger Patricia and George Lundberg Peggy and Thomas Caskey Christy and John Mack Christine Cassel and Michael McCally Marie McCormick and Robert Blendon David R. and Jacklyn A. Challoner Bruce McEwen and Purnell W. Choppin Karen Bulloch McEwen Ellen Wright Clayton and Jay Clayton Jane Menken Fred E. Cohen Arno G. Motulsky Mary Sue Coleman Van and Barbara Mow Barry and Bobbi Coller Robert M. and Marilyn R. Nerem Colleen Conway-Welch June E. Osborn Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Herbert Pardes Jane and Worth B.* Daniels, Jr. William C. Richardson Delbert A. and Beverly C. Fisher Marco A. Royo Richard L. and Lois E. Garwin Charles A. Sanders James R. Gavin III Randy Schekman

64 Donna E. Shalala Jeff Tarr, Sr. Larry J. Shapiro Peter K. Vogt Phillip A. Sharp Irving L. Weissman Kenneth I. Shine Nancy S. Wexler Eric M. Shooter C. Kern Wildenthal Maxine F. Singer Owen N. Witte Robert L. Sinsheimer Warren and Nikki Zapol Harold C. and Carol H. Sox Elias A. Zerhouni William N. Spellacy* Michael Zubkoff Joan A. and Thomas A. Steitz Anonymous (1) Rosemary A. Stevens

Heritage Society

In recognition of members and friends who have included the National Academy of Sciences, the Na- tional Academy of Engineering, or the National Academy of Medicine in their estate plans or who have made some other type of planned gift to the Academies. Names in bold font are NAM members.

Andreas and Juana Acrivos Stanley N. Cohen Gene M. and Marian Amdahl Colleen Conway-Welch Betsy Ancker-Johnson Ross and Stephanie Corotis John C. Angus Ellis and Bettsy Cowling John and Elizabeth Armstrong Molly Joel Coye Norman R. Augustine Barbara J. Culliton Jack D. Barchas Malcolm R. Currie Harrison H. and Catherine C. Barrett Peter N. Devreotes Stanley Baum Mildred S. Dresselhaus Clyde J. Behney Gerard W. Elverum Elisabeth Belmont Emanuel and Peggy Epstein Daniel and Frances Berg Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Paul Berg Robert C. and Marilyn G. Forney Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout Arthur and Helen Geoffrion Enriqueta C. Bond Paul H. Gilbert Daniel Branton Martin E. and Lucinda Glicksman Robert and Lillian Brent George and Christine Gloeckler Corale L. Brierley Christa and Detlef Gloge James A. Brierley Joseph W. Goodman Lenore and Rob Briskman Chushiro* and Yoshiko Hayashi Kristine L. Bueche Larry L. Hench Dorit Carmelli Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Peggy and Thomas Caskey Richard B. Johnston, Jr. A. Ray Chamberlain Anita K. Jones Linda and Frank Chisari Jerome Kagan Rita K. Chow Diana S. and Michael D. King John A. Clements Norma M. Lang D. Walter Cohen Asta* and William W. Lang Morrel H. Cohen Daniel P. Loucks

* Deceased

65 R. Duncan* and Carolyn Scheer Luce Esther and Lewis Rowland Thomas and Caroline Maddock Sheila A. Ryan Artur Mager Paul R. Schimmel Pat and Jim McLaughlin Stuart F. Schlossman Jane Menken Rudi* and Sonja Schmid Arno G. Motulsky Kenneth I. Shine Van and Barbara Mow Robert L. Sinsheimer Guido Munch Arnold and Constance Stancell Mary O. Mundinger H. Eugene Stanley Philip and Sima Needleman Rosemary A. Stevens Norman F. Ness John and Janet Swanson Ronald and Joan Nordgren John A. Swets Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Darling Esther Sans Takeuchi William* and Constance Opie Paul and Pamela Talalay Bradford W. and Virgina W. Parkinson John C. Wall Zack T. Pate Patricia Bray-Ward and David C. Ward Frank Press Robert and Joan Wertheim Simon Ramo Maw-Kuen Wu James J. Reisa, Jr. Wm. A. Wulf Emanuel P. Rivers Tilahun D. Yilma Richard J. and Bonnie B. Robbins Michael Zubkoff Eugene and Ruth Roberts Anonymous (1) James F. Roth

Annual Giving Societies

The National Academy of Medicine gratefully acknowledges the following members and friends who made charitable contributions during 2015 to support the NAM and the HMD, and those NAM members who supported the Committee on Human Rights, a joint committee of the three academies. The collective, private philanthropy of these individuals enables the NAM to fulfill its mission to build a healthier future. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation.

66 An NAM member, who wishes to be anonymous, challenged all members and friends to increase their giving to the NAM’s Annual Fund and Harvey V. Fineberg Impact Fund in 2015. Eligible gifts were matched by the anonymous donor. Donors who participated in the Challenge are noted with the ° symbol and are listed at the combined total of their gift and the match.

Catalyst Society

$100,000 to $500,000 Friends

Carson Family Charitable Trust Ming Wai Lau Janet and Barry Lang

$50,000 to $100,000 Members

Ruth and Victor Dzau° Jack W. and Valerie Rowe Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary E. Wilson

Rosette Society

$25,000 to $50,000

Members

Ronald D. Miller° Leonard D. Schaeffer

“My gifts express the confidence that I feel about the organization in making wise choices about how to bring evidence and science to the public—which is also a personal agenda that I have.”

—Claire Brindis, NAM Member Challenge Society

$10,000 to $25,000

Members Martin Chalfie and Tulle Hazelrigg Patricia and George Lundberg° Jane E. Henney and Robert Graham° Harold C. and Carol H. Sox°

Friends Richard P. Fishman° Mitzi Perdue° Noreen Luszcz° Anonymous° (1)

Charter Society

$1,000 to $10,000

Members Francois M. Abboud° Christine Cassel and Michael McCally Nancy Adler and Arnold Milstein John Chae Dyanne D. Affonso° David R. and Jacklyn A. Challoner° Peter C. Agre Setsuko K. Chambers° Bobby R. Alford Yu-Mei Y. Chao° Hortensia d. l. A. Amaro° R. Alta Charo° Arthur K. Asbury Lincoln C. Chen Ruzena K. Bajcsy° Frank A. Chervenak John R. Ball E. Antonio Chiocca° Jack D. Barchas Benjamin K. Chu° Jeremiah A. Barondess° Ellen Wright Clayton and Jay Clayton Arthur L. Beaudet D. Walter Cohen° J. Claude Bennett Fred E. Cohen° Dennis M. Bier Graham A. Colditz Maureen Bisognano° Barry and Bobbi Coller° Mina J. Bissell Molly Cooke and Paul Volberding Floyd E. Bloom° Max D. Cooper° Linda Burnes Bolton° William H. Danforth Enriqueta C. Bond Philip D. Darney and Uta E. Landy° Stuart Bondurant and Susan Pamela B. Davis° Ehringhaus Catherine D. DeAngelis Claire D. Brindis Haile T. Debas° Sheila Burke Susan Dentzer° Michael L. Callaham° Robert J. Desnick° Charles C. J. Carpenter° William H. Dietz°

68 Vishva M. Dixit Edward A. and Kathryn F. Kravitz° Jack and Claudia Dixon° Shiriki K. Kumanyika° Sue K. Donaldson° Judith R. Lave R. Gordon Douglas, Jr. Albert Lee° Jeffrey A. Drebin Brendan and Maria Lee Timothy Eberlein° Claude Lenfant° James S. Economou° Alan I. Leshner° Alain C. Enthoven Roger J. Lewis° John W. Erdman, Jr. Susan L. Lindquist° Donna M. Ferriero° Guillermina Lozano° Howard L. Fields° Ruth Watson Lubic° Delbert A. and Beverly C. Fisher Peter and Marlene MacLeish° Victor R. Fuchs° Adel A. Mahmoud° Fred H. Gage° Beverly Malone° Theodore G. Ganiats° JoAnn E. Manson° Norman F. Gant James S. and Judith M. Marks° Patricia A. Ganz° Manuel Martinez-Maldonado° Joe G. Garcia° Angela Barron McBride James R. Gavin III° Marie McCormick and Robert Blendon° Helene D. Gayle° Bruce McEwen and Karen Bulloch Naomi Lynn Gerber° McEwen Roger I. Glass° Michael and Pat McGinnis Lewis R. Goldfrank William W. McGuire° Tony Gotto Edward W. Merrill° Bradford H. Gray° Robert M. and Marilyn R. Nerem Margie and Larry A. Green° John E. Niederhuber David S. Guzick° Paul A. Offit Ashley T. Haase Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Darling° Barbara C. Hansen° Herbert Pardes Martha N. Hill Edward E. Penhoet° Leroy E. Hood Helen and David Piwnica-Worms° H. Robert Horvitz Thomas D. Pollard° William N. Hubbard, Jr. Claire Pomeroy° Betsy L. Humphreys Kathleen M. Potempa° Tony Hunter E. Albert Reece° Steven E. Hyman° William C. Richardson° Richard and Fleur Hynes Wayne J. Riley Thomas S. Inui° Emanuel P. Rivers° Elaine Sarkin Jaffe° Judith Rodin° Michael M. Johns° Erkki Ruoslahti° Beth Y. Karlan° Vinod K. Sahney Samuel L. Katz and Catherine M. Wilfert° David Satcher° Yang Ke° Randy Schekman° Kenneth S. Kendler° Martin J. Sepulveda° Sung Wan Kim° Donna E. Shalala° Mary-Claire King Larry J. Shapiro Darrell G. Kirch° Charles J. Sherr° Tadamitsu Kishimoto° Eric M. Shooter° David Korn° Stephen M. Shortell

* Deceased ° Challenge Donor

69 Ira Shoulson° Neal A. Vanselow° Joe Leigh Simpson° Christopher A. Walsh° Maxine F. Singer Gail L. Warden Jeanne C. Sinkford° Myron and Linda Weisfeldt° Jeannette E. South-Paul Myrna M. Weissman° William N. Spellacy* and Lynn M. Larsen° Nancy S. Wexler William and Janet Stead James T. Willerson Judith S. Stern Jean D. Wilson Rosemary A. Stevens Gerald N. Wogan David K. Stevenson° Tachi and Leslie Yamada Palmer and Susan Taylor Elias A. Zerhouni Samuel O. Thier° Michael Zubkoff° Mary E. Tinetti Roy and Diana Vagelos°

Friends Bruce B. Darling° Julie Ische° Frederick J. Erdtmann° Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Helen M. Hunt

“I believe in the NAM wholeheartedly because I believe in science. No organization uses science as its basis for decision making as effectively as the NAM does. I learned a lot about human psychology in dealing with the public around reports—particularly the certainty that some people have that they know what the truth is, in spite of evidence to the contrary. The NAM is the best counterforce to keep these people from leading others astray in matters of health policy and the practice of medicine.”

—Richard B. Johnston, Jr., NAM Member Other Individual Donors

Members Barbara Abrams° Helen M. Blau° Herbert L. Abrams° Dan G. Blazer Lucile L. Adams-Campbell° R. Don Blim° Bernard W. Agranoff° Clara D. Bloomfield Gustavo D. Aguirre° Thomas F. Boat Linda H. Aiken Michael L. Boninger Paula G. Allen-Meares° Richard J. Bonnie David B. Allison° William H. Bowen Myron Allukian, Jr. L. Thompson Bowles Lawrence K. Altman W. Thomas Boyce Lawrence J. Appel Roscoe O. Brady° Kenneth J. Arrow Allan M. Brandt Ann M. Arvin Paula A. Braveman David A. Asch° Rachel and Henry Brem Nancy L. Ascher° Patricia F. Brennan° Karen H. Ashe° Gert H. Brieger° Barbara F. Atkinson Orville G. Brim° Tom P. Aufderheide° Emery N. Brown Dennis A. Ausiello Rebecca H. Buckley K. Frank Austen Joseph A. Buckwalter Joan K. Austin Kathleen Coen Buckwalter Daniel L. Azarnoff° Mary B. Bunge Howard L. Bailit Benjamin S. Bunney Jeffrey R. Balser° William E. Bunney, Jr.° Elizabeth Barrett-Connor° M. Paul Capp Michele Barry and Mark Cullen Alexander M. Capron° Eugene A. Bauer Diana D. Cardenas° Bruce J. Baum William B. Carey° Stanley Baum William T. Carpenter, Jr.° John C. Beck Eric J. Cassell° Richard E. Behrman Webster and Jill Cavenee Leslie Z. Benet° Shu and Kuang-Chung Chien° Georges C. Benjamin Kathleen R. Cho° John A. Benson, Jr. Purnell W. Choppin Paul Berg Rita K. Chow° Bobbie A. Berkowitz Francisco G. Cigarroa° Nancy Berliner James Cimino° Lionel M. Bernstein Sarah Cleaveland° Chris Beyrer° Linda Hawes Clever Andrew B. Bindman° Mary Sue Coleman° Eula Bingham Jack M. Colwill John D. Birkmeyer Patrick Conway° Michelle H. Biros Denis A. Cortese Robert L. Black° Pedro M. Cuatrecasas°

* Deceased ° Challenge Donor 71 Ezra C. Davidson, Jr. Bernard D. Goldstein Nancy E. Davidson Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano° Lisa DeAngelis° Enoch Gordis° Alan H. DeCherney Patricia A. Grady° Carlos M. del Rio John S. and Deborah Greenspan Patrick H. DeLeon M. R. C. Greenwood Mahlon R. DeLong Paul F. Griner° Ronald A. DePinho Ellen R. Gritz Roman W. DeSanctis Gerald N. Grob Joseph M. DeSimone° Michael Grossman Don E. Detmer Murat Günel Jennifer E. DeVoe° Mark A. Hall° Luis A. Diaz Zach W. Hall Nancy Wilson Dickey° Charles B. Hammond° Salvatore DiMauro Charlene A. Harrington° Andrew D. Dixon° Susan Hassmiller° Kathleen A. Dracup° Maxine Hayes Mitzi L. Duxbury William R. Hazzard° Johanna T. Dwyer Sean Hennessy° Felton Earls and Maya Carlson Arthur L. Herbst David L. Eaton Howard H. Hiatt David and Lucy T. Eisenberg Eve Higginbotham and Frank Williams Robert M. Epstein Kurt and Rochelle Hirschhorn Carroll L. Estes° William Holzemer° E. Harvey Estes, Jr.° Thomas F. Hornbein° Caswell A. Evans, Jr. James S. House° William E. Evans Peter M. Howley Claire M. Fagin° George Hripcsak° Harold J. Fallon James M. Hughes John W. Farquhar° Barbara S. Hulka Eric R. Fearon Sandral Hullett° Stephanie L. Ferguson° Peter Barton Hutt Joseph J. Fins Donald E. Ingber Stephen P. Fortmann Sharon K. Inouye Daniel W. Foster Brian Jack° Henry W. Foster, Jr.° Marjorie K. Jeffcoat° James G. Fox° Dilip V. Jeste° Mark Frisse Alan M. Jette Dennis G. Fryback Timothy Johnson° Elena Fuentes-Afflick Alexandra L. Joyner° Terry T. Fulmer° Roger D. Kamm° Mitchell H. Gail Morris J. Karnovsky° Vanessa Northington Gamble Gerard Karsenty° Robert J. Genco° Nancy Kass Ronald N. Germain° Jerome P. Kassirer° John P. Geyman Michael B. Kastan Barbara A. Gilchrest Michael Katz David Ginsburg Lydia Kavraki° Seymour and Brenda Glick Haig H. Kazazian, Jr.° Alfred L. Goldberg° Emmett B. Keeler

72 Art Kellermann Jonathan D. Moreno Lonnie J. King° Arno G. Motulsky Raynard S. Kington John H. Moxley III Kenneth W. Kinzler° Fitzhugh Mullan° Seymour J. Klebanoff Suzanne P. Murphy Claude B. Klee Milap C. Nahata° Richard D. Kolodner Jack Needleman Richard D. Krugman° Charles B. Nemeroff° Casimir A. Kulikowski Eric J. Nestler Nathan Kuppermann Liz and Ben Neufeld Ann Kurth Duncan B. Neuhauser Michael D. Lairmore Maria Iandolo New Norma M. Lang° Jennifer R. Niebyl Joyce C. Lashof Elena and Stuart Nightingale Cynthia and Robert Lawrence Robert L. Nussbaum° Wendy and Ted Lawrence Ruth S. Nussenzweig° Mitchell A. Lazar Godfrey P. Oakley Warren J. Leonard° Seiji Ogawa Howard Leventhal° Walter A. Orenstein Myron M. Levine° Joseph P. Ornato Tracy Lieu Harry T. Orr° Steven H. Lipstein° Sten Orrenius George Lister Joseph S. Pagano Iris F. Litt Guy H. Palmer° Roderick J. Little Robert E. Patricelli Irving M. London° Nicholas A. Peppas Stephen Ludwig David H. Perlmutter° Joanne Lynn Edward B. Perrin° Susan E. Mackinnon° Martin A. Philbert° James D. Marks° Theodore L. Phillips° Michael Marletta and Margaret Gutowski Chester M. Pierce Robert R. Marshak Daniel S. Pine° Barry and Adrienne Marshall Vivian W. Pinn° George M. Martin Roy M. Pitkin° Ricardo Martinez Jeffrey L. Platt Ida M. Martinson Peter J. Polverini Donald R. Mattison John Edward Porter Jonna Mazet° Michael I. Posner Bernadette Mazurek° Deborah E. Powell° Charles A. McCallum Donald L. Price° Laurie K. McCauley° Jennifer M. Puck° Linda A. McCauley° Paul G. Quie° Elizabeth A. McGlynn Thomas C. Quinn° James O. McNamara° Amelie G. Ramirez° David Mechanic° Marilyn J. Rantz Antonios G. Mikos° Robert D. Reischauer Linda B. Miller° Dorothy P. Rice° Lloyd B. Minor Barbara K. Rimer° James W. Mold Neil J. Risch

* Deceased ° Challenge Donor

73 Saul A. Rosenberg Harold E. Varmus Esther and Lewis Rowland Inder M. Verma Yoel Sadovsky Sten H. Vermund Bruce J. Sams° Edward H. Wagner° Joseph E. Scherger Bruce D. Walker and Alice M. Cort° Gerold L. Schiebler Edward E. Wallach° Mark A. Schuster° Christopher T. Walsh° J. Sanford and Susan Schwartz° Diane W. Wara° Thomas L. Schwenk Kenneth E. Warner Susan C. Scrimshaw° Judith Wasserheit° Donald W. Seldin Elizabeth E. Weiner Nirav R. and Nidhi N. Shah° Ralph Weissleder Iris R. Shannon° Thomas E. Wellems and Marilyn I. Powell Edward H. Shortliffe° John B. West Pamela Sklar° Carolyn L. Westhoff James P. Smith° Raymond P. White, Jr. Richard J. Smith° Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish° Louis Sokoloff* Richard S. Wilbur° Frank E. Speizer° Diana J. Wilkie° Allen M. Spiegel° Charles B. Wilson° Deepak Srivastava° Linda S. and Paul A. Wilson Joseph W. St. Geme III° Phyllis M. Wise° John R. Stanley Owen N. Witte Donald M. Steinwachs° Maurice Wood° Joan A. and Thomas A. Steitz Nancy F. Woods Andy Stergachis James O. Woolliscroft° Megan Sykes Wayne and Lynn Yokoyama Lawrence A. Tabak Frank E. Young° Joseph S. Takahashi° Laurence R. Young Gerald E. Thomson° George D. Zuidema° Robert E. Tranquada John Q. Trojanowski and Virginia M.-Y. Lee

Friends Barbara W. Alpert Leonard Lauder O’Neill Barrett, Jr.° Erika C. Manning Gordon Baym and Cathrine Blom Sandra H. Matthews Clyde J. Behney° Joanne Morse° Marie Berry° Michael Murphy and Karen Gundersen° Jeffrey Dwoskin° Marcus Shaw and Shawn Neil° David Eisenberg° Judy F. Rosenblith° Jeanne Goeglein° John J. Stegeman° Frances Henry° Susanne A. Stoiber° Jodie L. Janowiak° Marianne Tropp and Chris Loughner° Bart Kahr Walter J. Unger° Jamie M. Killorin° Lauren Wiseman°

74 Tributes

In honor of Lindsey Berry—Marie Berry In honor of Lucy and Walt Dale—Claire D. Brindis In honor of Alan DeCherney and Roberto Romero—Beth Y. Karlan In honor of Frederick Erdtmann—Ira Shoulson In honor of Harvey Fineberg—Nancy E. Adler In honor of Melvin Grumbach—Elena Fuentes-Afflick In honor of William Holzemer—Diana J. Wilkie In honor of Richard B. Johnston, Jr.—Godfrey P. Oakley In honor of Michael Lairmore—Jonna A. Mazet In honor of Lynne Morishita and Tom Amatruda—Sharon K. Inouye In honor of Conor Brennan Murphy—Patricia F. Brennan In honor of Walter A. Rosenblith—Judy F. Rosenblith

In memory of Angel, Hortensia, and Armando Amaro—Hortensia d. l. A. Amaro In memory of Mary Catherine Costello—Jeanne Goeglein In memory of Ronald Estabrook—John J. Stegeman In memory of Alfred Gilman—Joseph S. Takahashi In memory of Joshua Bryan Inouye Helfand—Sharon K. Inouye In memory of Luther and Ruby Higginbotham—Eve J. Higginbotham In memory of John R. Hogness and Donald S. Fredrickson—Walter J. Unger In memory of James P. Hughes—James M. Hughes In memory of Mitsuo Inouye—Sharon K. Inouye In memory of David M. Kipnis—Mark Frisse In memory of Fred Leonard—Warren J. Leonard In memory of Theresa Manson—JoAnn E. Manson In memory of Marshall Nirenberg—Myrna M. Weissman In memory of Professor Geoffrey Shellam—Barry J. Marshall In memory of William N. Spellacy—Lynn M. Larsen Loyalty Society

In recognition of members and friends who have made gifts for at least 20 years to support the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, or the National Academy of Medicine. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold font are NAM members.

Herbert L. Abrams Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary E. Wilson H. Norman Abramson Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Andreas and Juana Acrivos Robert C. and Marilyn G. Forney Bruce and Betty Alberts Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Clarence R. Allen T. Kenneth Fowler Barbara W. Alpert Hans and Verena Frauenfelder Marilynn and Charles A.* Amann Carl Frieden Wyatt W. Anderson Theodore V. Galambos John C. Angus Joseph G. Gall Edward M. Arnett David V. Goeddel Wm. Howard Arnold* Richard M. Goody Daniel L. Azarnoff Robert B. Griffiths Jack D. Barchas Michael Grossman Jeremiah A. Barondess Adam Heller Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Ernest M. Henley John C. Beck David and Susan Hodges Richard E. Behrman Joseph F. Hoffman Gordon Bell William N. Hubbard, Jr. Paul Berg J. David Jackson Diane and Norman Bernstein Andre T. Jagendorf Lewis M. Branscomb Anita K. Jones John and Sharon Brauman Samuel L. Katz and Catherine M. Wilfert Donald D. Brown Seymour J. Klebanoff Harold Brown Max A. Kohler Kristine L. Bueche James S. and Elinor G. A. Langer George* and Virginia Bugliarello Louis J. Lanzerotti William B. Carey Gerald and Doris Laubach David R. and Jacklyn A. Challoner Judith R. Lave Purnell W. Choppin Cynthia and Robert Lawrence James McConnell Clark Johanna M. H. Levelt Sengers John A. Clements Robert G. Loewy Michael D. Coe Thomas and Caroline Maddock Max D. Cooper Anthony P. Mahowald Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Vincent T. Marchesi William H. Danforth Hans Mark Igor B. Dawid James F. Mathis Roman W. DeSanctis Robert D. Maurer Irwin Dorros Charles A. McCallum W. G. Ernst Christopher F. McKee Harold J. Fallon Mortimer Mishkin Gary Felsenfeld Arno G. Motulsky

76 John H. Moxley III Raymond S. Stata Elaine and Gerald* Nadler Joan A. and Thomas A. Steitz Jaya and Venky Narayanamurti Rosemary A. Stevens Philip and Sima Needleman Lubert and Andrea Stryer Robert M. and Marilyn R. Nerem F. William Studier Elena and Stuart Nightingale Paul and Pamela Talalay Ronald and Joan Nordgren Charlotte and Morris Tanenbaum Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Anita and George Thompson Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Darling George H. Trilling Gordon H. Orians Roxanne Turekian George W. Parshall Martha Vaughan Thomas K. Perkins Raymond Viskanta Gordon H. Pettengill Andrew and Erna* Viterbi Frank Press Peter K. Vogt Donald E. Procknow Irv Waaland Simon Ramo George D. Watkins Janet G. Reed Julia and Johannes Weertman Jerome G. Rivard Herbert Weissbach R. Duncan* and Carolyn Scheer Luce Robert M.* and Mavis E. White William R. Schowalter Gerald N. Wogan Maxine F. Singer Wm. A. Wulf Louis Sokoloff* Anonymous (1)

Foundations, Corporations, and Other Organizations Lifetime

In recognition of foundations, corporations, and other organizations that have given gifts or grants total- ing $1 million or more to support the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer- ing, or the National Academy of Medicine. Names in bold font have supported the NAM and/or the HMD.

$25 million or more

Carnegie Corporation of New York W.M. Keck Foundation The Ford Foundation W.K. Kellogg Foundation The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation The Koshland Foundation The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

77 $10 million to $25 million

Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory The Cynthia and George Mitchell The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Foundation Raymond & Beverly Sackler Foundation Howard Hughes Medical Institute Alfred P. Sloan Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

$5 million to $10 million

Michael and Susan Dell Foundation The Kavli Foundation The Grainger Foundation The Pew Charitable Trusts The Irvine Company The Rockefeller Foundation Kaiser Permanente

$1 million to $5 million

American Board of Family Medicine The Ellison Medical Foundation American Cancer Society, Inc. ExxonMobil Corporation American Legacy Foundation ExxonMobil Foundation American Public Transportation Ford Motor Company Association General Electric Company America’s Health Insurance Plans Foundation General Motors Company Amgen, Inc. GlaxoSmithKline Association of American Railroads Google, Inc. John and Laura Arnold Foundation William T. Grant Foundation AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP Great Lakes Protection Fund AT&T Corporation The Greenwall Foundation Atkinson Family Foundation The John A. Hartford Foundation The Atlantic Philanthropies Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Craig & Barbara Barrett Foundation Foundation Battelle Hewlett-Packard Company S.D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation Intel Company Blue Shield of California Foundation International Business Machines The Boeing Company Corporation Breast Cancer Research Foundation Johnson & Johnson Bristol-Myers Squibb Company The JPB Foundation Burroughs Wellcome Fund JSM Charitable Trust The California Endowment Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation California HealthCare Foundation The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation Margaret A. Cargill Foundation Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. Family Fund Chevron Corporation The Kresge Foundation Chrysler Group LLC Eli Lilly and Company The Commonwealth Fund Lockheed Martin Corporation The Dow Chemical Company Richard Lounsbery Foundation E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Lumina Foundation for Education Eastman Kodak Company Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation

78 Merck & Company, Inc. Pfizer Inc. Merck Company Foundation Robert Pritzker Family Foundation Microsoft Corporation Research Corporation for Science The Ambrose Monell Foundation Advancement Monsanto Company Rockefeller Brothers Fund Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Richard & Hinda Rosenthal Foundation National Multiple Sclerosis Society Sanofi-Aventis Northrop Grumman Corporation The Spencer Foundation Nuclear Threat Initiative The Starr Foundation O’Donnell Foundation Wellcome Trust The David and Lucile Packard Robert W. Woodruff Foundation Foundation Xerox Corporation Peter G. Peterson Foundation

Annual

In recognition of foundations, corporations, and other organizations that have given gifts or grants to support the National Academy of Medicine and/or the Health and Medicine Division in 2015.

Foundations

Paul G. Allen Family Foundation Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Animal Cancer Foundation East Bay Community Foundation Archstone Foundation F. Felix Foundation Laura and John Arnold Foundation Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America The Ford Foundation The Atlantic Philanthropies (USA) Foundation for Child Development Notah Begay III Foundation Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Bezos Family Foundation The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Brain Canada Foundation Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation The Breast Cancer Research Foundation Greater Kansas City Community Foundation Brewster Foundation Greater Rochester Health Foundation Burroughs Wellcome Fund The Greenwall Foundation The California Endowment The John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc. California HealthCare Foundation Health Foundation for Western & Central New The Carson Family Charitable Trust York The Annie E. Casey Foundation Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation Cautious Patient Foundation Heising-Simons Foundation CEA Foundation Henderson Foundation The Commonwealth Fund Herbst Family Foundation Community Foundation for Southeastern Michigan The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Frederick Gardner Cottrell Foundation Conrad N. Hilton Foundation CTA Foundation Hogg Foundation for Mental Health Michael and Susan Dell Foundation Hyman Family Charitable Foundation The Doctor’s Company Foundation International Health Foundation RG & AM Douglas Foundation Jacobs Foundation

79 Jewish Community Foundation of Southern Open Society Institute Arizona The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health Joyce Foundation The Robert & Margaret Patricelli Family The JPB Foundation Foundation, Inc. The Katz Family Foundation Peter G. Peterson Foundation W.K. Kellogg Foundation Qatar Foundation The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation The Retirement Research Foundation The Kresge Foundation Fannie E. Rippel Foundation LIVESTRONG Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation Fan Fox and Leslie R. Samuels Foundation March of Dimes Foundation The Seattle Foundation Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Sierra Health Foundation Research Skoll Global Threats Fund McCormick Foundation Alfred P. Sloan Foundation McKnight Brain Research Foundation May and Stanley Smith Charitable Trust The McKnight Foundation Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption Miami Foundation United Nations Foundation Milbank Memorial Fund Bernard Van Leer Foundation Missouri Foundation for Health The Maria Cecília Souto Vidigal Foundation The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Washington Area Women’s Foundation Morris Animal Foundation Wellcome Trust New York State Health Foundation Zerhouni Family Charitable Foundation, Inc.

Corporations

Abbott Fund Matching Grant Plan CEO Roundtable on Cancer, Inc. Abbott Laboratories Chubb & Son AbbVie Citizen Bank Aetna Foundation The Coca-Cola Company AmerisourceBergen Corporation Colgate-Palmolive Company Amgen, Inc. ConAgra, Inc. Anheuser-Busch InBev Courtesy Associates Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield CT Development AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP The Dow Chemical Company Avon Foundation for Women DSM Finance AWAB, Incorporated East West Protection, LLC Axxess Technology Solutions Edelman Bank of America Charitable Gift Fund Eli Lilly and Company Baxter Healthcare Corporation Epic Bayer Corporation ExxonMobil Corporation Biogen Idec Inc. ExxonMobil Foundation Bloom Scientific Associates Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC Blue Shield of California Foundation Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund BlueCross and BlueShield Association General Electric Company Bristol-Myers Squibb Company General Mills, Inc. Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation Genomic Health, Inc. Cancer Support Community Gilead Sciences Inc. Cargill, Inc. GlaxoSmithKline

80 HCA Inc. Novo Nordisk Diabetes Innovation Award Program Health Literacy Partners LLC Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Helsinn Healthcare Orion Bionetworks, Inc. Highmark, Inc. Palladian Partners Inc. Humana, Inc. PepsiCo, Inc. Inter-American Development Bank Pfizer Foundation Matching Gifts Program Jade Ventures Pfizer Inc. Janssen Diagnostics LLC PHI Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. PPD Development, LLC Janssen Research & Development, LLC The Procter & Gamble Company Johnson & Johnson Qualcomm, Inc. Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies Reebok International Ltd. Matching Gifts Program Sanofi European Treasury Center Kellogg Company Sanofi Pasteur Kraft Foods, Inc. Sanofi-Aventis Eli Lilly and Company Foundation Shell Oil Company Lockheed Martin Corporation Takeda Pharmaceuticals Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Target Corporation The MAC AIDS Fund Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Mars Incorporated Texas Pacific Group MedImmune Tuckson Health Connections, LLC Medtronic, Inc. Unilever Bestfoods North America Merck & Company, Inc. United Health Foundation Merck Company Foundation United Healthcare Merck Partnership for Giving UnitedHealth Group, Inc. Mott’s LLP (Dr. Pepper Group Company) University Physicians, Inc. NESTEC, SA Verizon Communications Nestlé USA, Inc. Vitality Group, LLC Northrop Grumman Corporation Vulcan, Inc. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

Other Organizations

ABIM Foundation American Academy of Nursing Academic Consortium for Complementary & Alter- American Academy of Ophthalmology native Health Care American Academy of Pediatrics Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics American Association for Cancer Accreditation Council for Graduate Research Medical Education American Association of Colleges of Nursing Alliance for a Healthier Generation, Inc. American Association of Colleges of Alliance for Aging Research Osteopathic Medicine Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Professions American Association of Retired Persons Alliance for Continuing Medical American Board of Emergency Medicine Education American Board of Family Medicine Alliance for Home Health Quality and American Board of Internal Medicine Innovation American Board of Obstetrics and Alzheimer’s Association Gynecology American Academy of Family Physicians American Board of Pediatrics Foundation

81 American Cancer Society, Inc. Association of Schools of Public Health American College of Clinical Pharmacy Association of State and Territorial Health Officials American College of Emergency Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America Physicians Autism Speaks, Inc. American College of Medical Genetics Bipartisan Policy Center American College of Nurse-Midwives CADCA American College of Obstetricians & California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Gynecologists Cancer Support Community American College of Physicians Catholic Health Initiatives American College of Radiology C-Change American College of Sports Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center American Council of Academic Physical CEO Roundtable on Cancer, Inc. Therapy Inc. College of American Pathologists American Council on Exercise Colorado State University American Dental Association Community Health Accreditation Program American Dental Education Association Congressional Hunger Center American Diabetes Association Cornell University American Egg Board Council of Academic Programs in Communication American Heart Association Sciences and Disorders American Hospital Association Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource American Institute for Cancer Research, Inc. Economics American Medical Association Council on Social Work Education, Inc. American Nurses Association The Critical Path Institute American Occupational Therapy CT Development Association, Inc. CTA Foundation American Optometric Association Dairy Research Institute American Osteopathic Association Dartmouth College American Osteopathic Foundation Duke University American Physical Therapy Association FasterCures/The Center for Accelerating Medical American Psychological Association Solutions American Red Cross Food Allergy Research & Education American Society for Clinical Pathology Friends of Cancer Research American Society for Microbiology Genetic Alliance American Society for Nutrition Gerontological Society of America American Society for Radiation Global Health Innovative Oncology Grand Challenges Canada American Society of Clinical Oncology Health Partners American Society of Hematology Healthcare Financial Management Association American Society of Human Genetics Hearing Loss Association of America, Inc. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Helsinn Healthcare Ascension Health High Scope Association for Molecular Pathology, Inc. Hospital For Sick Children Association for Research In Vision House of Sweden Association of American Cancer Institutes ILSI North America Association of American Medical Colleges International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research Association of American Veterinary Medical & Education Foundation Colleges Infectious Diseases Society of America Association of Behavioral Health and Wellness, Inc. Institute of International Education, Inc. Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry Inter-American Development Bank Association of Schools of Allied Health International Society for Cardiovascular Professionals Translational Research

82 Kaiser Permanente Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of LeadingAge, Inc. America Massachusetts Medical Society Physician Assistant Education Association Methodist Healthcare Ministries Purdue Research Foundation National Academies of Practice Research to Prevent Blindness National Alliance for Caregiving Inc. Rx Response National Alliance for Eye and Vision Research Seafood Industry Research Fund National Association of Chain Drug Stores Society for Neuroscience Foundation Society for Research in Child Development National Association of County and City Health Society for Simulation in Healthcare Officials Society of Pediatric Psychology National Association of Emergency Medical Training for Health Equity Network Inc. Technicians Trauma Center Association of America, Inc. National Association of Social Workers Tufts University National Board of Medical Examiners UNICEF National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. United Nations Foundation National Institute for the Evaluation of Education United Way Worldwide National League for Nursing, Inc. UnityPoint at Home National Multiple Sclerosis Society Universitair Zeikenhuis National Organization for Associate Degree Universiteit Gent Nursing University of California, Davis National Peanut Board University of Florida National Pork Board University of Georgia National Society of Genetic Counselors University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Nemours Foundation University of Maryland Faculty Physicians, Inc. New Venture Fund University of Minnesota North Carolina State University University of Missouri North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System University of Toronto The Obesity Society University of Washington The Ohio State University University Physicians, Inc. Oncology Nursing Society Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College & One Mind for Research Graduate School Partners HealthCare Systems, Inc. Partnership for a Healthier America PATH Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

We have made every effort to list donors accurately and according to their wishes. If we made an error, please accept our apologies and contact the Office of Development at 202.334.1342 so that we may correct our records.

83

In Memoriam

Kathryn E. Barnard James P. Hughes Norman E. Breslow Richard M. Krause Neal S. Bricker Julius R. Krevans Anna Bailey Coles C. Arden Miller Carl Djerassi Vernon B. Mountcastle F. William Dowda John W. Olney John R. Evans William E. Paul Rashi Fein Alexander Rich Alfred G. Gilman Alan C. Sartorelli Leon Gordis John F. Sherman Gerald N. Grob Louis Sokoloff Laurie M. Gunter William N. Spellacy William J. Hadlow Thomas A. Stamey Gail G. Harrison Daniel Steinberg Brian E. Henderson Arthur C. Upton Jules Hirsch Dorothea Zucker-Franklin

Contact Us

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