Terrestrial Gastropods of the Peace River – Northern Rockies Region of British Columbia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Terrestrial Gastropods of the Peace River – Northern Rockies Region of British Columbia ROBERT G. FORSYTH Research Associate, Royal BC Museum, Victoria 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 9W2 http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca LIVING LANDSCAPES: PEACE RIVER – NORTHERN ROCKIES http://livinglandscapes.bc.ca © 2005 Royal British Columbia Museum All photographs and illustrations © Robert G. Forsyth. On preceding page: Live Vitrina pellucida (see page 12) along the Alaska Highway near Cranberry Rapids, Liard River (RBCM 004-00130-007). Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Forsyth, Robert G. Terrestrial gastropods of the Peace River – Northern Rockies Region of British Columbia [electronic resource] Available on the Internet. “Living Landscapes: Peace River – Northern Rockies” Includes bibliographical references: p. ISBN 0-7726-5288-0 1. Gastropoda – Peace River Region (B.C. and Alta). 2. Gastropoda – British Columbia – Northern Rockies. I. Royal BC Museum. II. Title. QL430.4.F67 2005 594.3’0971187 C2005-960031-4 This report can be cited as: Forsyth, Robert G. 2005. Terrestrial Gastropods of the of the Peace River – Northern Rockies Region of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum, Living Landscapes. Available at http://www. livinglandscapes.bc.ca/prnr/prnr_snails/index.html [HTML version] or http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/prnr/prnr_snails/PRNR-Snails. pdf [PDF version]. Terrestrial Gastropods of the Peace River – Northern Rockies Region of British Columbia ROBERT G. FORSYTH* Research Associate, Royal BC Museum, Victoria 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 9W2 *Mailing address: Box 3804, Smithers, British Columbia, Canada V0J 2N0 ABSTRACT — For the first time, information on the ter- Annotated Species List . 7 restrial mollusc fauna is compiled from new or recent field Family Succineidae . 7 collections, museum records and literature for the Alberta Family Cionellidae . 8 and Liard plateaus, the northern Rocky Mountains, and Family Valloniidae . 8 much of the Cassiar and Omineca mountains of British Co- Family Vertiginidae . 9 lumbia, an area about 265,000 km2. Based on recent field- Family Punctidae . 10 work (2003–2004) many new locality records are given for Family Discidae . 10 a poorly known region of the province. At least 23 species Family Euconulidae . 11 belonging to 13 families and 17 genera are recorded from Family Gastrodontidae . 11 77 unique localities are documented in an annotated species Family Daudebardiidae . 11 list. Distribution of each species within the region is mapped, Family Vitrinidae . 12 and locality data is tabulated in an appendix. Family Agriolimacidae . 12 Family Thysanophoridae . 13 CONTENTS Family Arionidae . 13 Acknowledgements . 13 Overview of the Project . 4 Literature Cited . 13 The Study Area . 5 Distribution Maps . 15 Materials and Methods . 7 Appendix — Locality Data . 19 4 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: PEACE RIVER – NORTHERN ROCKIES ° 5 3 1 0 100 200 300 kilometres 55° British Columbia 50° ° ° ° ° 0 5 0 5 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 Figure 1 Location of the Peace River – northern Rockies Living Landscapes region in British Columbia. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT The terrestrial mollusc (snails and slugs) fauna is poorly known in northern British Columbia and As in previous Living Landscapes reports on the terrestrial poorly represented in public institutions. The Cana- snails and slugs (Forsyth 1999, 2005), this report gathers dian Museum of Nature has 15 lots from the Peace together information on a single region of British Co- River – northern Rockies region, and prior to 2001 the lumbia. The geographic area covered by this report is very Royal British Columbia Museum held only two lots. large (about 265,000 km2), stretching from B.C.’s north- The RBCM collection was later supplemented by ma- ern boundary with the Yukon and Northwest Territories terial collected for this Living Landscapes project and (60°N) south to the Rocky Mountains where it abuts the by a collection of twenty lots collected and donated by Fraser River drainage. Its eastern limit is defined by the Keary Walde of Fort St. John (see Annotated Species B.C. – Alberta border (120°W) and in the west, by the List). Additional to these, the author maintains a pri- eastern slopes of the Cassiar Mountains (Figure 1). The vate research collection that contains 100 lots of land region includes all land area drained by the Peace, Liard snails collected in 1998 from the region. and Fort Nelson rivers and their tributaries, with the ex- In the malacological literature, Harris & Hubricht ception of the western part of the Liard drainage, along (1982) cited collections of succineids from the region cov- and west of the Cassiar Highway (Hwy 37). ered by this report, and except for Land Snails of British TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE PEACE RIVER – NORTHERN ROCKIES | 5 1 Columbia (Forsyth 2004), there is no information in the LIARD PLATEAU available literature on these animals from the northeast of C 3 A A 2 L B.C. In his monograph of terrestrial Mollusca, Henry A. S B S E I Pilsbry (1939, 1940, 1946, 1948), does not provide any A 4 R R 5 T A records of species from this area. M R P T L The majority of terrestrial snails in British Columbia S A O T 6 E are tiny (less than 6 mm) and therefore usually over- C A U looked. Since the Peace River – northern Rockies does K not have any large or “showy” species of snails and slugs, Y 7 there are very few incidental collections or reports of O 8 M M these animals. Coupled with the lack of a guide to these I N O 9 animals in B.C. prior to the publication of Land Snails of E 10 C U 11 British Columbia (Forsyth 2004) and long distances and A 17 N 12 M relative remoteness of the Peace River – northern Rock- 16 13 T T S ies, it is therefore not surprising that we know so little 15 A 14 about the terrestrial molluscs of the region. I N In 2003 and 2004 I made collections in the Peace River 0 100 200 S – northern Rockies region, as part of the Living Landscapes kilometres program with the goals of improving our knowledge of these animals and expanding the collection holdings of Figure 2 Localities and major mountain and plateau the Invertebrate Zoology Collection of the Royal B.C. systems in the Peace River – northern Rockies region. 1, Museum. The main purposes of this report are to: Lower Post; 2, Coal River; 3, Liard River; 4, Muncho Lake; 5, Fort • Document the results of these collecting efforts; Nelson; 6 Prophet River; 7, Sikanni Chief; 8, Pink Mountain; 9, Fort St John; 10, Taylor; 11, Hudson’s Hope; 12, Chetwynd; 13, • Add value to the specimens already part of the Royal Dawson Creek; 14, Tumbler Ridge; 15, Mackenzie; 16, Manson B.C. Museum, and in other collections, by checking Creek; 17, Germansen Landing. identifications and specimen data; and • Amalgamate the known information into a single doc- ument. For further information on the species recorded here, see Land Snails of British Columbia (Forsyth 2004), which in- cludes full descriptions, figures and determination keys. THE STUDY AREA The Living Landscapes’ Peace River – northern Rock- ies region stretches from the border with the Yukon and Northwest Territories in the north (60°N) to the height of land separating the Peace River drainage from the Fraser River drainage. The eastern extent of this region is formed by the B.C. – Alberta boundary (120°W), and extends west to the Cassiar Mountains (Figures 1, 2). For prac- tical reasons, the far western portion of the Liard River drainage, including Hwy 37 north of the community of Dease Lake, is not included in the Peace River – North- 0 100 200 ern Rockies region.1 kilometres 1The Peace River – northern Rockies region, as defined for Living Figure 3 Collection localities (from all sources) in the Peace Landscapes, is used for convenience only and does not correspond to either River – northern Rockies region (see Appendix for data). ecological or administrative subdivisions of British Columbia. 6 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: PEACE RIVER – NORTHERN ROCKIES Table 1 Conspectus of terrestrial gastropods in the Peace River – northern Rockies region. Species Native/Introduced Collection Containing Records† or Literature Source Cochlicopa lubrica Native RBCM Columella columella Native RBCM [LL], RGF Deroceras laeve Native CMN, RBCM [LL] Deroceras reticulatum Introduced RBCM [LL] Discus shimekii Native CMN, RBCM, RBCM [LL], RGF Discus whitneyi Native CMN, RBCM [LL], RGF Euconulus fulvus Native CMN, RBCM [LL], RGF Euconulus praticola Native RBCM [LL] Microphysula ingersollii Native RBCM [LL] Nesovitrea binneyana Native CMN, RBCM [LL] , RGF Nesovitrea electrina Native CMN, RBCM [LL] , RGF Oxyloma groenlandicum Native Harris & Hubricht (1982), FMNH Paralaoma servilis Native RGF Punctum randolphii Native RBCM [LL] Prophysaon andersonii Native RBCM [LL] Succinea strigata Native CMN, RBCM [LL] Vallonia gracilicosta Native RGF Vertigo arthuri Native RGF Vertigo cristata Native RBCM [LL], RGF Vertigo gouldii Native RGF Vertigo modesta Native RBCM [LL], RGF Vitrina pellucida Native CMN, RBCM [LL], RGF Zonitoides arboreus Native CMN, RBCM, RBCM [LL], RGF Zoogenetes harpa Native RBCM [LL], RGF Unidentified Succineidae Native RBCM [LL], RGF † Abbreviations are as follows: CMN: Canadian Museum of Nature; FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History; RBCM: Royal BC Museum (collections not made specifically for Living Landscapes); RBCM [LL]: collections made as part of Living Landscapes during 2003 and 2004 field seasons; RGF: author’s reference collection. Within the area covered by this report, expansive, low- The climate of the Peace River – northern Rockies re- land plateaus are drained by the Peace and Fort Nelson gion is continental, characterized by long, cold to severe rivers (Alberta Plateau, an extension of the Great Plains) winters and short growing seasons. Five biogeoclimatic and the Liard River (Liard Plateau), which rise along the zones are recognized: the Boreal White and Black Spruce southern edge and western half of the region into exten- zone (plateau areas and northern valley bottoms); the sive mountain systems.