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Prolegomena to Pastels & Pastellists
Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists NEIL JEFFARES Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists Published online from 2016 Citation: http://www.pastellists.com/misc/prolegomena.pdf, updated 10 August 2021 www.pastellists.com – © Neil Jeffares – all rights reserved 1 updated 10 August 2021 Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists www.pastellists.com – © Neil Jeffares – all rights reserved 2 updated 10 August 2021 Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists CONTENTS I. FOREWORD 5 II. THE WORD 7 III. TREATISES 11 IV. THE OBJECT 14 V. CONSERVATION AND TRANSPORT TODAY 51 VI. PASTELLISTS AT WORK 71 VII. THE INSTITUTIONS 80 VIII. EARLY EXHIBITIONS, PATRONAGE AND COLLECTIONS 94 IX. THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PASTEL PORTRAITS 101 X. NON-PORTRAIT SUBJECTS 109 XI. PRICES AND PAYMENT 110 XII. COLLECTING AND CRITICAL FORTUNE POST 1800 114 XIII. PRICES POST 1800 125 XIV. HISTORICO-GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 128 www.pastellists.com – © Neil Jeffares – all rights reserved 3 updated 10 August 2021 Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists I. FOREWORD ASTEL IS IN ESSENCE powdered colour rubbed into paper without a liquid vehicle – a process succinctly described in 1760 by the French amateur engraver Claude-Henri Watelet (himself the subject of a portrait by La Tour): P Les crayons mis en poudre imitent les couleurs, Que dans un teint parfait offre l’éclat des fleurs. Sans pinceau le doigt seul place et fond chaque teinte; Le duvet du papier en conserve l’empreinte; Un crystal la défend; ainsi, de la beauté Le Pastel a l’éclat et la fragilité.1 It is at once line and colour – a sort of synthesis of the traditional opposition that had been debated vigorously by theoreticians such as Roger de Piles in the previous century. -
25-Års Jubilæum
ANNO 1994 25-ÅRS JUBILÆUM Et kongerige af oplevelser Danske Slotte og Herregaarde 25 år med et kongerige af oplevelser Foreningen Danske Slotte og Herregaarde er stiftet i 1994 og fejrer således sit 25-års jubilæum i 2019. Danske Slotte og Herregaarde er et markedsføringssamarbejde mellem privatejede slotte og herregårde med adgang for publikum. Foreningen er den eneste af sin art og har til formål at fremme unikke oplevelser på danske slotte og her- regårde, som repræsenterer historisk autenticitet og særlige kulturhistoriske oplevelser. Danske Slotte og Herregaarde tæller p.t. disse 21 medlemmer med museer, adgang til park og slot, overnatning, restau- ranter, kursus- og konferencevirksomhed, festlokaler, koncerter eller andre aktiviteter for offentligheden: Broholm Slot Clausholm Slot Dronninglund Slot Fuglsang Herregaard Gram Slot Gammel Estrup Herregårdsmuseum Hindsgavl Slot Holckenhavn Slot Kragerup Gods Lerchenborg Gods Lindholm Herregård Næsbyholm Slot Nørre Vosborg Rysensteen Bed & Breakfast Sanderumgaards Romantiske Have Skjoldenæsholm Hotel & Konferencecenter Skrøbelev Gods Sonnerupgaard Gods Sostrup Slot & Kloster Sørup Herregaard Visborggaard Slot Dronninglund Slot Gammel Estrup Herregårdsmuseum Hindsgavl Slot Skjoldenæsholm Foreningens aktiviteter Danske Slotte og Herregaarde arbejder aktivt og i stigende grad med promovering af de enkelte medlemmer og deres unikke tilbud. Markedsføringen sker på mange forskellige platforme, lige fra annoncering i fysiske tidsskrifter til opslag på de sociale medier. Det vigtigste medie er dog foreningens egen hjemmeside www.slotte-herregaarde.dk, der fremstår som en præsentabel, brugervenlig og til enhver tid vedligeholdt informationskilde. Foreningen formidler det populære ”Gavekort til Danske Slotte og Herregaarde”, som giver adgang til aktiviteterne på samtlige medlemmers slotte og herregårde. Gavemodtageren har altså frihed til selv at vælge, hvor i Danmark ople- velsesgaven skal bruges, og om det skal være en kulturhistorisk oplevelse, en gourmetmiddag eller noget helt tredje. -
Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth -Century Denmark
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) University Studies of the University of Nebraska 1977 Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth -Century Denmark Lawrence J. Baack Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/univstudiespapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Studies of the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. new senes no. 56 University of Nebraska Studies 1977 Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Denmark The University of Nebraska The Board of Regents JAMES H. MOYLAN ROBERT L. RAUN chairman EDWARD SCHWARTZKOPF CHRISTINE L. BAKER STEVEN E. SHOVERS KERMIT HANSEN ROBERT G. SIMMONS, JR. ROBERT R. KOEFOOT, M.D. KERMIT WAGNER WILLIAM J. MUELLER WILLIAM F. SWANSON ROBERT J. PROKOP, M.D. corporation secretary The President RONALD W. ROSKENS The Chancellor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Roy A. YOUNG Committee on Scholarly Publications GERALD THOMPSON DAVID H. GILBERT chairman executive secretary JAMES HASSLER KENNETH PREUSS HENRY F. HOLTZCLAW ROYCE RONNING ROBERT KNOLL Lawrence J. Baack Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Denmark university of nebraska studies : new series no. 56 published by the university at lincoln: 1977 For my mother. Frieda Baack Copyright © 1977 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 77-78548 UN ISSN 0077-6386 Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Preface vii Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Denmark 1 Notes 29 Acknowledgments 45 Preface AGRARIAN REFORM can be one of the most complex tasks of gov ernment. -
Guide Book for Sildehøjgård Snekkevej 10, 4040 Jyllinge
Guide Book for Sildehøjgård Snekkevej 10, 4040 Jyllinge Table of Content Important Phone Numbers ........................................................................................................... 2 The drinking water .................................................................................................................... 2 House Rules .............................................................................................................................. 2 Internet and Wi-Fi ..................................................................................................................... 3 The Electrical System..................................................................................................................... 3 The Bath Room ......................................................................................................................... 3 TV | Chromecast| DVD/Blue Ray Player | Hi-Fi microsystem with Bluetooth ......................... 3 Disposal of Waste ......................................................................................................................... 4 Apartment Layout ......................................................................................................................... 4 Short on Sildehøjgård .................................................................................................................... 5 Walking Along the Coastline ........................................................................................................ -
Jens Jørgensen JUEL
Neil Jeffares, Dictionary of pastellists before 1800 Online edition JUEL, Jens Jørgensen Fünen 12.V.1745 – Copenhagen 27.XII.1802 A pupil of Gehrmann in Hamburg until 1765, he returned to the Danish Kunstakademi where he studied under Mandelberg and was influenced by Pilo and Tocqué. In 1772 he left Denmark, and travelled to Italy (1772), Hamburg (1773), Dresden (1773–74, where he worked with Anton Graff), Rome (1774–76, Batoni), Naples, Paris (1776), Geneva (1777, where he stayed with the naturalist Charles Bonnet) and Kassel (1779), returning to Copenhagen as court painter in 1780. Juel developed Danish portraiture far beyond the limits of Als (q.v.). Some of his best works in pastel (which with few exceptions all date from the 1790s) are his forward-looking depictions of J.424.105 Sophie Hedvig ADELER (1795–1859), children, with a naturalism that contrasts later Fru Herman Løvenskiold, pstl/ppr, J.424.1092 ~version, pstl/ppr, 31x23.5 strikingly with contemporary work in the 34x26 (Falsen; Copenhagen, Winkel & (Cambridge, Cheffins, 30.VI.–1.VII.2021, Lot French school; the technique is also superb. Magnussen, 28.IV.1933, Lot 12 repr., 142 repr., confused as version of J.424.111, est. Characteristically, the sphericity and liquidity of inconnue; Copenhagen, 9.XII.2003, est. £500–800) ϕβν eyes are given particular emphasis in Juel’s DKr25,000, DKr48,000). Lit.: Poulsen 1991, portraits, whether in oil or pastel. no. 678, repr. II, p. 428 Φ Monographic exhibitions Juel 1909: Maleren Jens Juels arbejder, Copenhagen, Kunstforeningen, .X.–.XI.1909 Juel 1975: Jens Juel, tegninger, Copenhagen, Den kongelige Kobberstiksamling, Statens Museum for Kunst, 4.X.1975 – 18.I.1976. -
Looking for Leisure. Court Residences and Their Satellites 1400-1700
Two Cases of Reuse and spolia in the Early Modern Danish Architecture of Leisure Ulla Kjær & Poul Grinder-Hansen Looking for Leissure This paper discusses some aspects of the reuse of buildings and building materials in Early Modern Denmark, based on the fate of two Renaissance leisure houses, each of which was reused in a later period, either by being remodelled or incorporated as spolia1 into later buildings in the first two thirds of the eighteenth century, the Royal Country Houses Fredensborg by the architect Johan Cornelius Krieger and Marienlyst by the French-born architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin. This paper examines how this kind of reuse should be understood, and whether it was merely a question of economic necessity or if there were other factors, such as architectural appreciation or symbolic meaning, at play. The reuse of older buildings and building materials was a widespread and often necessary feature of architecture before the middle of the nineteenth century. It was, to a large extent, an economic issue; reusing building material from older structures saved money. In many cases older buildings were completely demolished, and their masonry was transported to a new site, where it disappeared into the walls of a new construction. This practice was common in Danish architecture, but is not the focus of this paper. More interesting are the cases where an existing building was not torn down but remodelled to accommodate new architectural or functional standards. Economic concerns probably played a role in such cases as well, but other considerations may be behind the choice of preserving an older structure, even in a transformed state. -
Reconstructing Gardens Förord /Preface
för trädgårdshistorisk forskning Bulletin Nr 32, 2019 Reconstructing Gardens Förord /Preface Årets Bulletin innehåller till att börja med artiklar från och om se- Slutligen: Tack till alla engagerade författare, motläsare i redak- minariet Reconstructing Gardens som hölls på NMBU i Ås, Norge, tionsgruppen och till vår layoutare! Utan er skulle det inte bli nå- 11-12 oktober 2018. Den innehåller även texter som tar upp torkade gon Bulletin. blombuketter som forskningmaterial, Nikolai Astrups trädgård, ett pionprojekt i Norge, ett försök med historiska odlingssubstrat, Nu laddar vi också för seminariet i höst, 2020, då Forum firar ett NTAA-seminarium och ett par bokrapporter inom ämnet träd- 25-årsjubileum! gårds- och kulturväxthistoria. Du får även ta del av alla de stu- dentuppsatser i ämnet som producerats under året i Alnarp, Ul- A short translation in English: tuna och Göteborg. To all the devoted authors, the editorial group (see above) and Boel Nordgren (layout): thank you for all your work! This year’s Bulletin Ett stort tack för det ekonomiska bidraget vi har fått för semi- has contributions from the seminar Reconstructing Gardens in Ås, nariet i Norge, och för årets publikation, vill vi rikta till Nordisk Norway, Oct 11-12, 2018, but also texts on a peony project, trials kulturfond. Tack också till School of Landscape Architecture på with historic soil mixtures, a report from a Nordic seminar, info NMBU, Ås, för ert ekonomiska stöd och värdskap vid seminariet. on student theses and book reports. Ett stort tack till Madeleine von Essen och Mette Eggen, som gui- dade under exkursionen till Spydeberg, till Karsten Jørgensen som /Anna Jakobsson guidade i Ekeberg park, samt till Annegreth Dietze och Bjørn An- Redaktör för Bulletinen ders Fredriksen som planerade huvuddelarna av det fina semina- Editor rieprogrammet. -
Ledreborg Allé 2, Ledreborg, Lejre, Fredningsbeskrivelse.Pdf
FREDNINGSVÆRDI ER LEDREBORG LEJRE KOMMUNE 2 Besigtigelsesdato: 17.11.2010 Besigtiget af: Simon Harboe Journalnummer: 2011-7.82.07/350-0001 Kommune: Lejre Kommune Adresse: Ledreborg Allé 2, 4320 Lejre Betegnelse: Ledreborg Fredningsår: 1918. Udv. 1978 og 1986 Omfang: "Hovedbygningen (de midterste ni fag fra ca. 1660, ombygget og udvidet 1741-45 af Johan Cornelius Krieger) med sidefløje (de svungne pavilloner 1748-50 af Lauritz de Thurah), øst- og vestfløjene (1742-46 af Johan Cornelius Krieger) og portbygning (antagelig 1799), gitteret på gårdspladsen, de to bassiner, de seks obelisker og kældernedgangen med tilhørende gitter og flisebelægning, hegnsmure øst og vest for hovedbygningen, de to sandstensfigurer i haven (muligvis af Johann Friedrich Hännel) og "Amalienborgporten" ved den østlige indkørsel, "Det peripatetiske Akademi" (1755-62), statuerne af Knud den Store og Dronning Margrethe (begge af S.C. Stanley), to buster og syv obelisker i Dyrehaven og to buster i den sydvendte slotshave. BYGNINGSBESKRIVELSE Herregården Ledreborg ligger i et kuperet, skovfyldt terræn vest for Roskilde. Bygningsanlægget er orienteret omkring en nord- sydgående akse, hvis centrum er hovedbygningen, som ligger placeret på kanten af Kornerup ådal. Nord for hovedbygningen findes den centrale gårdsplads, hvorom de fredede bygninger ligger symmetrisk placeret, mens slotshaven ligger i dalsænkningen mod syd. Fælles for de fredede bygninger er, at de alle står på kampestenssokler, er grundmurede, har opsprossede vinduer, tegltage og er pudsede og kalkede i den samme okkergule farve. Ankomsten til herregårdsanlægget finder sted gennem en monumental allé, som begynder 7,3 kilometer længere mod øst, umiddelbart vest for Roskilde, og som fortsætter forbi hovedbygningen for at ende i en rundgang omkring den Holsteinske familiegravplads. -
Bygherrerapport ROM 2290.Pub
INDLEDNING Lejreegnen og området omkring Ledreborg Slot hører til blandt de klassiske danske kulturland- skaber. Det kuperede terræn med de markante og talrige gravhøje fra stenalder og bronzealder danner en enestående helhed, der til alle tider synes at have gjort indtryk på den besøgende. Som en af de franske revolutionshelte, general de Miranda, skrev om Lejre i sin dagbog i 1788: ”Hele egnen her er spækket med grave, stensætninger og lignende monumenter, som angiver, at stedet har været berømt i forne tider og som stadig giver det et ærværdigt og højtideligt præg…?” Landskabet ved Ledreborg før golfbanen. Foto Flemming G. Rasmussen. Ledreborg ligger midt i denne herlighed, og i 1973 blev slottet og landskabet omkring det fre- det, blandt andet med det formål at bevare det unikke herregårdsmiljø. Fredningsdokumentet åbnede mulighed for anlæggelse af en golfbane, og i 2005 udarbejdede Lejre Kommune en lokalplan for et ca. 125 ha. stort område ved Ledre- borg Slot. Selskabet Ledreborg Pala- ce Golf A/S var bygherre med fir- Klar til at begynde udgravningerne ROM 2290 Ledreborg Golfbane 20. juni 2005, hul 15. 1 Pælen med blå top afgrænser udgrav- ningsfeltet ved hul 14. maet LM Eriksson som hovedentreprenør. Roskilde Museum havde indgået en aftale med golf- selskabet om prøveundersøgelser på udvalgte dele af baneforløbet, men anlægsarbejdet tog imidlertid et langt større omfang end oprindeligt oplyst, og på store områder blev jorden afgra- vet uden forudgående prøvegravninger. Ved besigtigelse blev det konstateret, at der overalt i de afgravede arealer lå fortidsminder, der enten var destrueret eller berørt af jordarbejderne. Med hjemmel i museumsloven standsede Kulturarvsstyrelsen efter samråd med museet anlægsarbej- det i 30 områder, hvor der konstateredes berørte oldtidsanlæg, som skulle undersøges nærmere. -
44259 - Materie 16/08/04 7:27 Side I
A Windfall for the Magnates. The Development of Woodland Ownership in Denmark c. 1150-1830 Fritzbøger, Bo Publication date: 2004 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Fritzbøger, B. (2004). A Windfall for the Magnates. The Development of Woodland Ownership in Denmark c. 1150-1830. Syddansk Universitetsforlag. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 44259 - Materie 16/08/04 7:27 Side i “A Windfall for the magnates” 44259 - Materie 16/08/04 7:27 Side ii Denne afhandling er af Det Humanistiske Fakultet ved Københavns Universitet antaget til offentligt at forsvares for den filosofiske doktorgrad. København, den 16. september 2003 John Kuhlmann Madsen Dekan Forsvaret finder sted fredag den 29. oktober 2004 i auditorium 23-0-50, Njalsgade 126, bygning 23, kl. 13.00 44259 - Materie 16/08/04 7:27 Side iii “A Windfall for the magnates” The Development of Woodland Ownership in Denmark c. 1150-1830 by Bo Fritzbøger University Press of Southern Denmark 2004 44259 - Materie 16/08/04 7:27 Side iv © The author and University Press of Southern Denmark 2004 University of Southern Denmark Studies in History and Social Sciences vol. 282 Printed by Special-Trykkeriet Viborg a-s ISBN 87-7838-936-4 Cover design: Cover illustration: Published with support from: Forskningsstyrelsen, Danish Research Agency The University of Copenhagen University Press of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 DK-5230 Odense M Phone: +45 6615 7999 Fax: +45 6615 8126 [email protected] www.universitypress.dk Distribution in the United States and Canada: International Specialized Book Services 5804 NE Hassalo Street Portland, OR 97213-3644 USA Phone: +1-800-944-6190 www.isbs.com 44259 - Materie 16/08/04 7:27 Side v Contents Preface . -
Festival 2009
ISSN 0905-4391 July-August 2009 Danish Westindian Society 44. Year, ed. 3 Protektor: Hendes Majestæt Dronningen Festival 2009 1 Welcome to Festival 2009 Dear friends It is a great pleasure once again to welcome our friends from St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John. For several months the Festival Committee and its chairman Walther Damgaard has been preparing this Festival and as this is the 11th time it is being held here in Denmark, we hope our ex- perience in planning shows in the contains of the program. The structure of the 2 weeks are based on former festivals, due to the very positive response we received from participants in the 9th and 10th Festivals. Although the structure is the same, the daily program is in most cases different from former Festivals. Besides showing you different parts of Denmark, our goal has been both to show you the sights a normal tourist would see like the Amalienborg Castle and the Cathedral of Copenhagen, as well as showing you what we Danes call typical and more down to earth activities such as lunch with smørrebrød (open sandwiches), a leisure garden and Nørrebro (working-class district of Copenhagen). Our Farewell Party will be held in the big hall in the Workers’ Museum. If you participated in the 1993 Festival I am sure you can remember the place, as we had a marvellous party there. 2 Whereas the Festival Committee can plan the perfect program, it is not possible to plan the Danish summer weather. So if it rains and you will need warm and rainproof clothes, I hope you will take it as an exotic adventure. -
People at the Centre Danish Architecture Is Known for Its Humanism
People at the centre Danish architecture is known for its humanism. And Copenhagen is in constant motion, yet it holds on to the proud architecture and design past created by pioneers such as Jørn Utzon, Arne Jacobsen and Hans Wegner. Right now, the city is preparing itself for a greener future. Danish architecture is designed for life. Thus, it is not strange that Copenhagen has been crowned as the best city to live in several times. Beauty goes hand in hand with functionality in a vibrating metropolis, which guards its unique historical cores at the same time as it develops new, sustainable buildings, creating the Copenhagen of the future. Cosmopolitan and cosy – ‘hyggelig’ Everything from Jørn Utzon’s imposing Opera House in Sydney to Vilhelm Lauritzen’s rounded functionalist Radio House and Arne Jakobsen’s world renowned Egg are created with the focus on the people which will use the final product. The democratic expression and simple design is a central part of modern Danish architecture and design. In this way, Copenhagen mirrors the Danish mentality and the city becomes cosmopolitan and ‘hyggelig’ (roughly translates to cosy) at the same time. The world’s oldest monarchy In the heart of the old Copenhagen lies Amalienborg, where the Danish royal family lives. Frederiksstaden dates back to the 18th century and is a natural centre for Copenhagen, with its wide streets and imposing bourgeois houses and palaces. Like many other European cities, Copenhagen is growing considerably in these years. Just as the architect Niels Eigtved planned Frederiksstaden to create unity between the city and the citizen, also the new Copenhagen is characterised by innovation and architectural development, which creates a city with the people at its core.