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Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Environment: Energy Efficiency

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Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Environment: Energy Efficiency Wireless sensor networks in industrial environment : energy efficiency, delay and scalability Ridha Soua To cite this version: Ridha Soua. Wireless sensor networks in industrial environment : energy efficiency, delay and scalabil- ity. Other [cs.OH]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. English. NNT : 2014PA066029. tel-00978887 HAL Id: tel-00978887 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978887 Submitted on 14 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITY PARIS 6 PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE PHD THESIS to obtain the title of DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Specialty : Computer Science Defended by Ridha SOUA Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Environment: Energy Efficiency, Delay and Scalability Thesis Advisor: Pascale MINET prepared at INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt Research center HIPERCOM2 Team defended on February 25, 2014 Jury : Reviewers : Michel Misson - Professor, University of Clermont I, France Ye-Qiong Song - Professor, University of Lorraine (ex-INPL), France Advisor : Pascale Minet -ResearchScientistHDR,InriaRocquencourt,France Examiners : Guy Pujolle - Professor, Pierre & Marie Curie University, France Stephane Lohier - Associate Professor, University of Paris-Est, France Najdib Achir - Associate Professor HDR, University of Paris 13 Leila Saidane - Professor, University of Manouba, Tunisia Fabien Ligreau - Chargé de Développement, Safran Engineering Services To my family who believes in me and supports me unconditional ly, for their endless love and encouragement To my uncles, aunties and cousins for their continuous support To the soul of my grandparents who wanted to see my success To people that I love and who love me To everyone for being a part of my journey in the last three years ii Acknowledgment I would like to thank Professors Michel Misson and Ye-Qiong Song for serving on my reviewers. Their constructive feedback and suggestions greatly improved this thesis. I’d like to thank all the jury members for reading my manuscript and their interest on my research. Without their help, my thesis couldn’t have reached this far. So, I thank Mr. Nadjib Achir, Mr. Fabien Ligreau, Mr. Stephane Lohier and Mrs. Leila Saidane. Definitely, road to a Phd is not always smooth but it’s a pleasant journey. Many people have assisted and supported me. So I would like to express my gratitude to the people who have helped me in the accomplishment of this Ph.D. degree. I would like to express my deeply-felt gratitude to my PhD advisor, Pascale Minet, for her warm encouragement and thoughtful guidance. The enthusiasm she has for the research was contagious and motivational to me. Her guidance taught me a lot about conducting good research. Without her support, this dissertation would not have been possible. Thank you for everything, it was a truly great experience working with you during all the periods of this journey ! Second, I am indebted to Erwan Livolant for his suggestions, comments, attentive reading, improvement of the technical quality of my work and interesting and fruitful discussions. You offered me insightful advice and unwavering support. I learned a lot from you ! I am also happy for having collaborated in OCARI Project with Cedric Adjih, Ichrak Amdouni and Tuan Dong. Thanks for your guidance and help. I thank also Christine Anocq for her help, human support and friendly company. My administrative tasks were always easy thanks to you ! During my thesis preparation, I had a great pleasure to work with members of HIPER- COM Team. Thank you: Nadjib Ait-Saadi, Ahmed Amari, Asma Belhaoua, Philippe Jacquet, Anis Laouiti, Salman Malik, Dana Marinca, Paul Muhlethaler, Amina Naimi, Alonso Silva for your fruitful discussions and pleasant work atmosphere. In this journey, like all journeys in life, you feel sometimes tired, exhausted or defeated. Fortunately, during my PhD journey, I have nice companions that offered me unwavering sup- port. They are not only colleagues but very close friends: Hana Baccouch, Ichrak Amdouni, Ines ben Jemaa, Ines Khoufi, Ala-Eddine Oueslati, Ons Mabrouk, Mohamed-Haykel Zayani. I will remember the time we spent together during “pauses“ :-) Thanks for all unforgettable moments... I will forever be thankful to my former master advisor, Professor Leila Saidane. Thanks for your scientific advice and knowledge and insightful discussions and suggestions. You were and remains my model for a teacher. Many thanks to all my colleagues and friends inside Inria and also outside for the excel- lent and truly enjoyable ambiance. My warmest thanks go to, hoping not to forget any of the names, Khalifa Toumi, Ali Mehdi, Chiraz Houaidia, Amine Sboui, Najmeddine Attia, Oussama Soualah, Aymen Amri, Amel Bellagoun, Fatma Cheikh, Mohamed-Said Bouksiaa, Skander Banaouas and Younes Bouchaala. During Euromed project, I have collaborated with nice people from Tunisia, Morocco and Italia. Thank you Hanen Idoudi, Ines Elkorbi, Khawla Ghirbi, Fatma Somaa, Lucia Lo iii Bello, Giuliana Alderesi, Mohamed Erradi, Abdelatif Kobbane, Mohammed-Amine Koulali, for your warmly reception and kindness. I also had the opportunity to meet, during my master, a lot of nice people in Tunisia: Mouna Ayari, Skander Azzaz, Cherifa Boucetta, Naourez Mejri, Amine Kchich and Zied Chedhly. I am grateful to all of you, for your encouragements and the fun moments I have shared with you. Contents 1GeneralIntroduction 1 1.1 Background and motivations ............................ 1 1.2 Main contributions ................................. 3 1.3 Manuscript organization .............................. 4 IStateoftheArt 7 2EnergyEfficientTechniquesinWSNs 9 2.1 Introduction ..................................... 9 2.2 Network lifetime definition ............................. 10 2.3 Taxonomy of energy efficient techniques ..................... 11 2.3.1 Reasons of energy waste .......................... 11 2.3.2 Classification of energy efficient techniques ................ 12 2.4 Energy efficient routing protocols ......................... 14 2.5 Duty cycling .................................... 16 2.6 Conclusion ...................................... 18 3MultichannelAssignmentProtocolsinWSNs 19 3.1 Introduction ..................................... 20 3.2 Issues in multichannel communications and specificities of WSNs ....... 20 3.3 Particularities of channel assignment strategies in WSNs ........... 23 3.3.1 Classification of mesh channel assignment strategies .......... 24 3.3.2 Applicability of mesh channel assignment strategies ........... 25 3.4 Network architecture for multichannel communication in WSN ........ 26 3.4.1 A two-level architecture .......................... 26 3.4.2 A three-level architecture ......................... 27 3.4.3 A three-level mesh architecture ...................... 28 3.5 Network model for a multichannel WSN ..................... 28 3.5.1 Radio propagation ............................. 29 3.5.2 Interferences ................................ 30 vi Contents 3.5.3 Connectivity ................................ 31 3.6 Classification of existing multichannel assignment protocols in WSNs ..... 32 3.6.1 Categories of channel assignment method ................ 32 3.6.2 Channel selection policy .......................... 35 3.6.3 Channel assignment methods ....................... 36 3.6.4 Discussion ................................. 38 3.7 Cross-layer design for multichannel allocation and routing ........... 40 3.8 Taxonomy proposed ................................ 40 3.9 Conclusion ...................................... 42 II Joint Multipath Routing and Scheduling in Multichannel WSNs 43 4 Lower Bounds for Convergecast: Theoretical Study 45 4.1 Introduction and motivations ........................... 45 4.2 Network models and assumptions ......................... 47 4.2.1 System model ................................ 47 4.2.2 Definitions ................................. 48 4.2.3 Assumptions ................................ 48 4.2.4 Modeling interferences for data gathering ................ 49 4.2.5 Notations .................................. 51 4.3 Theoretical bounds for homogeneous traffic ................... 51 4.3.1 Linear networks ............................... 52 4.3.2 Tree networks ................................ 52 4.3.3 Optimal schedule .............................. 52 4.4 Theoretical bounds for heterogeneous traffic ................... 56 4.4.1 Without immediate acknowledgment ................... 56 4.4.2 With immediate acknowledgment ..................... 59 4.5 Conclusion ...................................... 63 5 MODESA: an Optimized Multichannel Slot Assignment for Raw Converge- cast in WSNs 65 5.1 Introduction ..................................... 65 5.2 State of the art ................................... 66 5.3 Multichannel slot assignment problem ...................... 67 5.3.1 Formalization of the problem ....................... 67 5.3.2 Illustrative examples ............................ 69 5.4 MODESA: Multichannel Optimized DElay time Slot Assignment ....... 70 5.4.1 Principles .................................
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