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OCARI : Optimization of Ad-Hoc Communications for Industrial OCARI : O ptimization of Ad-hoc Communications for Industrial Networks http://ocari.org ETSI M2M Workshop 19-20 October 2010 Projet No. ANR-06-TCOM-025 © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © Outline 1. Context and objectives Industrial requirements and challenges Technologies and market Objectives OCARI partners 2. Description of the OCARI stack OCARI network Estimation of node residual energy MACARI: medium access EOLSR: energy-efficient routing SERENA: node activity scheduling 3. Demonstrators MACARI+SERENA+EOLSR GMOCARI: global middleware 4. Conclusion & perspectives © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 2 1. Context & objectives : industrial needs, challenges © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 3 Segmentation of industrial requirements Sending frequency Continuous monitoring Quasi Measures in hostile continous environment Instrum. mobile check 1 s Teledosimetry Sensors « pilotage » Challenge of low power Sur chantier Gamma ray monitoring Déplacement 10 s Inter -chantier RP Beacons « Performances » Domain "mobility": • High frequency sensors 1 min • Mobility in the plant OCARI • Fast configuration Building monitoring Valves 1 h Cadenas Transmetteurs fixes électronique sur fins de course Electrical alimentation Domain « static sensors" Mobility Fast configuration Targeted autonomy 1 week 80 days 18 months N x 18 months © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 4 Example 1: supervision of radioprotection Teledosimeter Radiameter Phone DECT personal & mobile Controled area Coordinator of Coordinator of an OCARI star an OCARI star Coordinator of (battery) Electromagnetic (battery) an OCARI star Coordinator of (battery) an OCARI star (battery) Coordinateur of an OCARI Coordinateur network of an OCARI • ~ 50 sensors ( mobile & network fixed ) distributed in an area of 40m diameter • 1 sample./5s, few bytes /sensor • Time constrained and Supervision room for radioprotection delivery guarantee © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 5 Example 2: predictive maintenance of a ship Up to 400 parameters per compartment & 4 measure points per square meter Vibration analysis Measure of pression, temperature & throughput Analysis of oil… Integration in a constrained environnement: Temperature : Turbine gaz – CEI 60068 Electromagnetic compatibility : Radar, warfare devices– STANAG 4436, 4435, 4437 Electromagnetic discretion: TEMPEST rules Metalic channels with fluids © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 6 Challenges & choice of a mesh topology • Efficiency in time and space • Scalability and mobility • Delay tolerant & asynchronous delivery for a destination temporarily out of coverage area • Time contrainted vs « duty cycle » & energy consumption • Network lifetime maximization with battery - operated routers Choice of a mesh • Dimensioning and deployment tools topology because: Time & space efficiency of the frequency spectrum Transport capacity (bits/m/s) proportional to N © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 7 1. Context & objectives : technology & market Slide 8 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 No solution on the market for the identified needs Many proprietary technologies: EnOcean, Z-Wave, SensiNet, HomeRider, SmartDust, MeshScape, Xanadu-Wireless/Green Peak… But no global support Existing standards: of the three needs: Mobility Determinism Low power (Source : www.isa.org) © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 9 1. Context & objectives : objectives © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 10 Objectives : Technical feasibility of industrial wireless sensor networks providing : Time-constrained medium access (soft real-time), Micro mobility of some nodes, Scalability & self-healing Energy and spectrum efficiency To contribute to the emergence of an open standard designed for industrial environments with higher performances than the market offer for wireless sensor networks © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 11 OCARI Partners Routing Sector: Energy and continuous process Modeling of energy constraints Medium access Sector: navy defense Provider of RF devices & ZigBee stack developer Medium access © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 12 2. Description of the OCARI stack 29 juin 2010 Optimisation des Communications Ad-hoc pour les Réseaux Industriels Slide 13 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI network © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 14 OCARI Stack Application Layer Projet OCARI ZigBee API for network Application Framework “application Management management (LQI, 4 R A object “ - S I N Device RSSI, residual energy 20 2 / A Object m 3 O L level…) O + Energy MDO A 2 Public Interfaces G APSDE - APSDE - APSDE - APSDE - APSDE - SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP Application Support (APS) Layer SAP SAP APSME- NDE-SAP Energy efficient NwCARI routing SAP SAP Unconstrained User traffic Control Traffic ESPN- Energy supports node Unicast routing Broadcast routing Service according to according to MPRs SERENA EOLSR Provider mobility & avoids SAP SAP EOLSR table NME- interferences MDE-SAP MME-SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP MaCARIME- ESPM- MaCARI Constrained User Traffic Network Creation Estimator of Association Address Tree Relaying Control Allocation node residual energy PDE-SAP PME-SAP IEEE 802.15.4 Physical (PHY) Layer 2.4 GHz Radio Radio Controls the medium access High Layers High Layers Interface OCARI Layers OCARI interface supporting time-constrained Application Profiles traffic & initializes the network © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 15 Estimation of node residual energy Application Framework MDO + Management Energy 4 R A Public N Interfaces - S I Device A 20 2 / Object m 3 O L A 2 O G APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSME-SAP Application Support (APS) Layer NDE-SAP NwCARI ESPN- SAP Unconstrained User traffic Control Traffic Energy Unicast routing according to Broadcast routing according to MPRs Service EOLSR table SERENA EOLSREOLSR NME-SAP Provider MaCARIME- SAP MDE-SAP MME-SAP ESPM- SAP MaCARI Constrained User Traffic Network Creation Association Control Address Allocation Tree Relaying PDE-SAP PME-SAP Physical (PHY) Layer 2.4 GHz Radio High Layers High Layers Interface OCARI Layers OCARI interface Application Profiles Slide 16 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Goals of the energy estimator Modeling of : Energy consumed by a transmission (sending, receiving and overhearing) Battery of a sensor node to estimate its residual energy Estimation of residual energy by the battery voltage inadequate for alkaline batteries Battery modeling [Rakhmatov 03, Rong 03] too complex +∞ t t 2 2 σ ( t ) = i (τ )d τ + 2 i (τ )e − β m ( t − τ ) d τ for implementation ∫0 ∑ ∫0 m = 1 in a sensor node © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 17 How to adapt the model to sensors Reduction of resources needed by the model Computation is simplified: • limited development Reduction of memory size: = ⋅∆ • time intervals Ln n Recursive model n n −1 σ = δ + λ σ − δ + + δ (L n ) ∑ I k k (Ln −1 ) ∑ I k k 2 I n A(Ln , Ln −1 n , Ln −1 ) k =1 k =1 Takes into account the temperature factor © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 18 Accuracy of the battery model Simulation Comparison with the DUALFOIL simulator Current, mA DUALFOIL Linear model E % Recursive model E % 20 18156 20140 10,92 19116 5,28 40 9249 10291 11,26 9751 5,42 60 6203 6911 11,41 6537 5,38 80 4664 5203 11,55 4912 5,31 100 3737 4171 11,62 3932 5,21 Real discharges Comparison with a prototype Current x Cycle Measured Linear model E % Recursive model E % lifetime 100 mA x 50 % 3255 3600 10,59 3541,2 8,7 100 mA x 10 % 10332 18000 74 9751 14 © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 19 MaCARI: medium access control in OCARI Application Framework MDO + Management Energy 4 R A Public N Interfaces - S I Device A 20 2 / Object m 3 O L A 2 O G APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSME- Application Support (APS) Layer SAP NDE-SAP NwCARI ESPN- SAP Unconstrained User traffic Control Traffic Energy Service Provider Unicast routing according to Broadcast routing according to MPRs EOLSR table SERENA EOLSR NME-SAP MaCARIME- SAP MDE-SAP MME-SAP ESPM- SAP MaCARI Constrained User Traffic Network Creation Association Control Address Allocation Tree Relaying PDE-SAP PME-SAP Physical (PHY) Layer 2.4 GHz Radio High Layers High Layers Interface OCARI Layers OCARI interface Application Profiles © OCARI Consortium, 2007-2010 Consortium, OCARI © OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010 Slide 20 Objectives of MaCARI Provides a MAC layer Supporting two types of traffic Time-constrained Time-unconstrained Ensuring
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