Journal Core Values of Dscsc

DEFENCE AND SECURITY JOURNAL CORE VALUES OF DSCSC

EARNING

HONOUR

RESPECT

DECORUM

EXCELLENCE

INNOVATION

PUNCTUALITY

PROFESSIONALISM

MISSION COMMAND

PRISTINE ENVIRONMENT

DRIVING TENET: COMMON SENSE DEFENCE AND SECURITY JOURNAL

DEFENCE AND SECURITY JOURNAL

December 2020 Volume 5 Defence Services Command and Staff College Sri Lanka EDITORIAL BOARD

Chief Editors: Senior Professor Amal Jayawardane Major General DAPN Dematanpitiya

Editorial Board: Dr Bhagya Senaratne Ms Apsara Karunaratne

Editorial Committee: Captain (C) B Liyanagamage Air Commodore SDGM Silva Colonel DCA Wickramasinghe Group Captain DRW Jayawardana Lieutenant Colonel BNSB Rangama Commander (S) KKN Pushpakumara Major GLA Geeganage

Technical Committee: Lieutenant Colonel TS Liyanagunawardana

Design & Print: NEO Graphics, 44 Udahamulla Station Road, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Defence and Security Journal, Volume 5, 2020

ISSN 2536-8745

Disclaimer: The views expressed and the information contained in the papers included in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author/s, and do not bear any liability on the Defence Services Command and Staff College, Sri Lanka. CONTENTS

Foreword

Effectiveness of Computer-based Simulated Small Arms Firing Device for Officer Cadet Training in the Sri Lanka Army ...... 01 Major Haritha Pagodaarachchi

Disengagement and De-radicalisation programmes in Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia ...... 16 Marianne Taflinger

Post-Conflict Sustainable Peace in Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Military Occupied Lands in the Northern Province ...... 34 Wing Commander Chamara Weerathunge

Sri Lanka and the Belt and Road Initiative: A Balancing Act in the Indian Ovean Region ...... 47 Anshu N. Chatterjee

Developments in the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement Operations ...... 57 Commodore Kanchana Banagoda

Ascendency of China and Changing Global Geo-Politics: A Historical Perspective ...... 68 Gamini Keerawella

Qatar and the Crisis in the Middle East: Changing Strategic Alliances ...... 88 Commander Junaid Tariq PN

Notes on Contributors ...... 111

FOREWORD

It is my greatest pleasure and delight to unveil the Defence and Security Journal of the Defence Services Command and Staff College (DSCSC), Sri Lanka, for the fifth consecutive year. The primary objective of the journal was to encourage young military leaders who were groomed at DSCSC to publish their researches on security and defence with an emphasis on the national security of Sri Lanka.

Amidst impressive technological advances, a noticeable void in the national, regional, and global security architecture has become apparent. This highlights the need for a greater understanding on vital facets of security concerns emanating from conventional and unconventional means. As such, articles published herein provide a gamut of information and insight into security and defence. Apart from the articles published by the student authors, selected papers produced by renowned scholars have been interposed in this journal in order to make it more comprehensive.

In a similar vein, it is heartening to note that the contributions in this issue have taken note of the many changes in the defence and security landscape which extends beyond the purely military aspects to embrace other dimensions such as societal, political, and economic. Furthermore, these contributions discern pronounced effects of instability that undermine cohesion and security that can increase the risk of undesirable impact within and beyond a country. Therefore, I believe, foresight studies of this nature are much needed in defence planning and identifying potential risks.

In a nutshell, Volume 5 of