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Study Fishing Ground in Kampar River Pelalawan Village, Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Province of Riau

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Study Fishing Ground in Kampar River Pelalawan Village, Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Province of Riau STUDY FISHING GROUND IN KAMPAR RIVER PELALAWAN VILLAGE, PELALAWAN DISTRICT, PELALAWAN REGENCY, PROVINCE OF RIAU Oleh M. Zulkarnain1) Alit Hindri Yani2) Nofrizal2) Abstract This study was conducted in May 2015 in Kampar river Pelalawan village, Pelalawan district, Pelalawan regency, province of Riau. Purpose of this study was to obtain data on environmental parameters become the benchmark fishing grounds and fishing activity there. Environmental parameters measured are temperature, current speed, brightness, depth, acidity (pH) and dissolved oxygen. After doing this research is that the condition of the Kampar river Village Palalawan still quite good and still support for life of organisms that were in it and deserves to fishing activities in these waters. Keyword : fishing ground, environmental parameters, kampar river 1)Student of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Riau 2)Lecturer of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Riau PENDAHULUAN arah selatan Sungai Kampar), serta Usaha perikanan di Provinsi Riau Sungai Pelalawan, Sungai Selampaya, adalah salah satu aspek yang memegang dan Sungai Serkap yang mengalir dari peran penting di bidang perekonomian di arah Utara Sungai Kampar. wilayah tersebut, seperti halnya sebagai Sumberdaya alam memegang bahan pokok sumber protein. Usaha peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perikanan tersebut penting untuk perkembangan Kabupaten Pelalawan baik dikembangkan dengan tujuan pada masa lalu maupun pada masa yang meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani ikan akan datang. Keberadaan Sungai Kampar, dan nelayan, terutama usaha penangkapan sejak zaman dahulu keberadaan Sungai ikan. Kampar ini memberikan manfaat Kabupaten Pelalawan merupakan ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitarnya baik daerah yang memiliki potensi perikanan yang bermata pencaharian sebagai yang mempunyai prospek untuk nelayan dan pembudidayaan ikan, petani dikembangkan, hal ini didukung dengan tanaman pangan serta kehutanan, bahkan sebahagian besar wilayahnya dialiri oleh yang tidak kalah pentingnya Sungai Sungai Kampar dan anak-anaknya Kampar menjadi sarana transportasi bagi sungainya. Selain sungai utama yaitu kebanyakan masyarakat di daerah ini. Sungai Kampar, terdapat juga anak-anak Dengan potensi yang ada, sungainya yaitu antara lain: Sungai merupakan sumber mata pencaharian bagi Kampar Kiri, Sungai Segati, Sungai Nilo, sebahagian masyarakat perikanan Sungai Kerumutan (yang mengalir dari khususnya berupa usaha penangkapan. Disamping perikanan tangkap, tangkapan yang dapat dijadikan informasi Kecamatan Pelalawan juga memiliki tentang kondisi perairan sungai kampar potensi yang sangat besar sebagai daerah tersebut. yang mempunyai peluang untuk Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan usaha budidaya ikan, memperoleh data tentang parameter baik budidaya kolam, keramba maupun lingkungan yang menjadi tolak ukur daerah tambak. penangkapan dan aktifitas penangkapan Para ahli mengatakan bahwa untuk ikan di perairan Sungai Kampar Kelurahan mempermudah usaha penangkapan ikan Pelalwan Kecamatan Pelalawan Kabupaten perlu diketahui parameter lingkungan Pelalawan Provinsi Riau. Data yang baik fisika, kimia dan biologi. Parameter diperoleh dapat menjadi dasar bagi nelayan ini mempengaruhi kehidupan ikan atau pihak lainnya dalam melakukan sebagai salah satu untuk mengetahui kegiatan penangkapan atau mengambil bagaimana dan mengapa variasi kebijakan. parameter di perairan erat hubungannya dengan penyebaran ikan. Pemanfaatan METODE PENELITIAN sumberdaya perikanan terutama Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada penangkapan ikan secara optimal perlu bulan Mei 2015 di perairan Sungai dilengkapi dengan tersedianya data dan Kampar Kelurahan Pelalawan Kecamatan informasi tentang jenis, ukuran dan Pelalawan Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi jumlah ikan yang tertangkap serta faktor- Riau. faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi Alat-alat yang digunakan untuk keberadaan ikan pada daerah menunjang kelengkapan data penelitian penangkapan baik faktor fisika, kimia adalah: Alat tangkap jaring insang maupun biologi. Hal ini dapat digunakan (jaring juaro), bubu (togun, pengilo), untuk mengetahui daerah-daerah serok (langgai) dan pancing (tajur) dan distribusi potensial suatu perairan perlengkapannya yang digunakan untuk tersebut. penelitian, termometer, botol dengan tali Parameter lingkungan merupakan berskala dan stopwatch, pinggan secchi, salah satu faktor yang penting dalam tali berskala dan pemberat, kertas lakmus, mengetahui daerah penangkapan ikan Do meter, meteran, timbangan, kamera untuk kegiatan penangkapan ikan. digital, Alat tulis, GPS (Global Position Pengetahuan mengenai parameter System). lingkungan perairan sebagai daerah Metode yang digunakan dalam pengoperasian alat tangkap yang menjadi penelitian ini adalah metode survei yaitu tolak ukur penilaian sangat dibutuhkan mengukur dan mengamati secara lansung untuk mendapatkan hasil tangkapan yang parameter lingkungan (suhu, kecepatan optimal diantaranya adalah faktor fisika arus, kecerahan, kedalaman, pH dan dan kimia. Mengingat selama ini nelayan oksigen terlarut) yang ada di lokasi menentukan daerah penangkapan hanya penelitian. Mencatat ikan yang tertangkap berdasarkan kebiasaan dan pengalaman menurut jenis dan berat (Kg) serta alat saja. Sehingga diperlukan penelitian tangkap yang digunakan untuk mengenai daerah penangkapan ikan menangkap ikan tersebut. melalui pendekatan parameter Data yang diambil adalah data lingkungan, alat tangkap dan hasil primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diambil dengan melakukan pengamatan, tergantung pada sumberdaya di daerah pengukuran, dan wawancara langsung perairan sungai kampar tersebut. kepada nelayan setempat. Sedangakan data sekunder diperoleh dari Instansi Hasil tangkapan Pemerintah dan literatur-literatur yang Data hasil tangkapan di Kelurahan berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Pelalawan ini dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan alat tangkap serok (langgai), HASIL bubu (togun dan pengilo), jaring insang Jumlah penduduk Kelurahan (jaring juaro) dan pancing (tajur). Jumlah Pelalawan adalah 2632 jiwa dengan tangkapan keseluruhan selama penelitian jumlah laki-laki 1472 jiwa sedangkan adalah sekitar 91,6 Kg dengan hasil perempuan 1160 jiwa. Luas Kelurahan tangkapannya terdiri dari 12 jenis ikan perikanan Pelalawan adalah 3.470,00 Ha. dan udang sebanyak 163 ekor yang di Kawasan tersebut memiliki potensi tampilkan pada Tabel 1. sumberdaya perikanan yang besar bagi Dilihat dari jumlah berat (Kg), jenis masyarakat karena sebagian besar ikan yang dominan tertangkap pada kawasan tersebut dialiri oleh sungai penelitian ini adalah ikan belida (Chitala kampar dan anak-anak sungai lainnya. lopis) dengan jumlah berat 19,8 Kg Hal ini dengan adanya kegiatan di sektor sebanyak 7 ekor, disusul ikan tapah perikanan seperti kegiatan penangkapan (Wallago leeri) dengan jumlah berat 19,5 ikan, budidaya, pengolahan dan Kg sebanyak 10 ekor, kemudian pemasaran hasil tangkapan yang menyusul ikan toman (Ophiocephalus dilakukan di sekitar sungai kampar. micropeltes) dengan jumlah berat 13,5 Kg Selain di bidang perikanan, masyarakat sebanyak 7 ekor. Sedangkan ikan dengan Kelurahan Pelalawan juga bekerja di jumlah berat paling kecil adalah ikan bidang pertanian, perkebunan, kehutanan gabus (Chana striaca) dengan berat 1,2 dan pertenakan. Kg sebanyak 6 ekor. Alat tangkap yang biasa digunakan Jika ditinjau dari jumlah ekor yang oleh nelayan di Kelurahan Pelalawan tertangkap, udang galah (Macrobrachium adalah terdiri dari serok (langgai), bubu rosenbergii) merupakan jenis yang paling (togun dan pengilo), jaring insang (jaring banyak dari semua jenis yang tertangkap juaro) dan pancing (tajur). Metode yaitu sebanyak 39 ekor dengan berat 2,4 pengoperasian alat tangkap di Kelurahan Kg, kemudian disusul oleh ikan selais Pelalawan dilihat dari teknologi dan (Kryptopterus apogon) sebanyak 20 ekor peralatan masih tergolong tradisional, dengan berat 8,37 Kg, sedangkan jumlah serta jangkauan operasi penangkapan ikan yang tertangkap paling sedikit yaitu masih terbatas di daerah perairan sungai ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) kampar sehingga nelayan sangat sebanyak 3 ekor dengan berat 6,4 Kg. Tabel 1. Ikan dan udang yang tertangkap di perairan sungai kampar Kelurahan Pelalawan No. Jenis ikan Nama Ilmiah Jumlah Jumlah (Kg) (ekor) 1. Belida Chitala lopis 19,8 7 2. Tapah Wallago leeri 19,5 10 3. Toman Ophiocephalus micropeltes 13,5 7 4. Baung Mystus nemurus 8,55 16 5. Selais Kryptopterus apogon 8,37 20 6. Patin Pangasius hypophthalmus 6,4 3 7. Juaro Pangasius polyuranodon 4,97 15 8. Tambakan Hellostoma temmincki 2,7 16 9. Udang galah Macrobrachium rosenbergii 2,4 39 10. Selinca Polichantus Hasselti 2,29 13 11. Betok Anabas testudineus 1,92 11 12. Gabus Chana striaca 1,2 6 Jumlah 91,6 163 70.0 60 60.0 51.7 50.0 39 40.0 30 30.0 19 15.4 15 Berat (Kg) 20.0 11.13 10.97 Hasil tangkapanHasil 10.0 2.4 Jumlah (Ekor) 0.0 Langgai Togun Pengilo Jaring juaro Tajur Alat tangkap Gambar 1. Jumlah hasil tangkapan pada tiap-tiap alat tangkap Jumlah hasil tangkapan individu tertangkap pada alat tangkap tersebut (ekor) dan dalam jumlah berat juga sekitar 19 ekor dengan berat 51,70 Kg, bervariasi terhadap alat tangkap yang dimana ikan-ikan yang tertangkap pada digunakan. Pada alat tangkap bubu alat tangkap ini merupakan ikan-ikan (pengilo) mendapat hasil tangkapan yang yang berukuran besar yaitu seperti ikan paling banyak dari pada stasiun yang lain, belida, tapah, toman, baung dan patin yaitu 60 ekor dengan berat 11,13 Kg, yang merupakan ikan-ikan yang bernilai dimana ikan-ikan yang tertangkap pada ekonomis tinggi.
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