ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 585-650

SHORE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES (DIPTERA: )

WAYNE N. MATHIS¹ and TADEUSZ ZATWARNICKI²

¹Department of Systematic Biology, Entomology Section, NHB 169, PO BOX 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA; e-mail: [email protected] ²Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— Thirty-nine species of the shore- family Ephydridae that occur on islands of the Republic of Seychelles are reviewed. Included are keys to the appropriate supra- generic categories, genera, and species. Distributional data for all included species are presented, and new taxa are described and illustrated. Six new species are described (type locality in parenthesis): Psilopa victoria (Seychelles. Mahé: Roche Caiman Bird Sanctuary; 4°38.3’S, 55°28.1’E); Cerobothrium insulatum (Seychelles. Mahé: Port Launay; 4°39.2’S, 55°24.2’E); Schema aldabricum (Aldabra. South Island, Flamingo Pool); Orasiopa apiculata (Seychelles. La Digue: La Passe; 4°20.8’S, 55°49.8’E); Polytrichophora specula (Seychelles. Mahé: Anse Boileau (4°42.5’S, 55°28.7’E)); Hyadina munarii (Seychelles. Mahé: Airport). Psilopa giordanii Canzoneri is made a junior subjective synonym of Clasiopella uncinata Hendel, Enchastes scotti Lamb is made a junior subjective synonym of Placopsidella cyno- cephala Kertész, Hecamedoides pusillus Canzoneri is made junior subjective synonym of Discocerina hepatica de Meijere, Allotrichoma outambense Canzoneri is made a junior subjective synonym of A. argentipraetextum Lamb, and Discocerina (Ditrichophora) rattii Canzoneri is made a junior subjective synonym of Hostis guamensis (Cresson). Asmeringa ligabuei Canzoneri is transferred to the genus Cerobothrium as a new combi- nation. Lectotypes are designated for the following nine species: Discomyza similis Lamb, Ceropsilopa longicornis (Lamb), Psilopa nitidissima Lamb, Allotrichoma argentipraetextum Lamb, Hyadina fenestrata Becker, Zeros fractivirgatus (Lamb), Zeros invenatus (Lamb), Parydra tuberculifera Lamb, Scatella septemfenestrata Lamb. The shore-fly fauna of the Seychelles is diverse, comprising at least 39 species (Table 3), and the populations of these species are generally stable and intact. Most species are adventive to the islands, many apparently being introduced during the last century. Most species have biogeographic connections with the Afrotropical mainland (22 species) and to a lesser extent with the Oriental and Australasian Regions (12 spe- cies). The few apparent endemics we identified (7 species or 18%) constitute far less than half the level of endemism that was reported for species generally (51%). The freshwater fauna of shore flies on the Seychelles is essentially undeveloped and is comparatively depauperate. 

Key words.— Diptera, Ephydridae, Seychelles, new species, . ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 651-656

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS PLATYCEPHALA FALLÉN, 1820 FROM CHINA DIPTERA: CHLOROPIDAE

S A and D Y*

Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China *To whom the correspondence and reprint request should be addressed.

Abstract.— A review of the species of the genus Platycephala from China is provided. The following 3 species are described as new to science: Platycephala guizhouensis, P. lii and P. maculata. Ë Key words.— Diptera, Chloropidae, Platycephala, new species, China.

I 2. Mesonotum yellow with 3 brownish yellow lon- gitudinal stripes; third antennal segment basally The genus Platycephala was erected by Fallén (1820). broadened, narrowly prolonged ...... It belongs to the genus group Platycephala (Andersson, ...... P. umbraculata (Fabricius) 1977), with the following characters: body large in size; –. Mesonotum black; third antennal segment nearly head distinctly longer than high; frontal triangle occupy- quadrate ...... 3 ing large part of frons, reaching anterior margin of frons 3. Wing with a black spot at base of R2+3 ...... with broadened apex; arista slender with short pubes- ...... P. maculata sp. nov. cence (Kanmiya 1983). There are 14 species known from –. Wing without any black spot ...... 4 the world, 6 from the Palaearctic Region (Nartshuk 1984), 4. Mesonotum black, but yellow laterally ...... 5 8 from the Oriental Region (Sabrosky 1977, Cherian 1978, –. Thorax wholly black ...... 6 Kanmiya 1983, Yang and Yang 1994, 1995). The larvae of 5. Antenna yellow; scutellum black with yellow margin Platycephala are known to be phytophagous on the stem ...... P. sichuanensis Yang et Yang of plant (Grochowska 1988, 1993). –. Antenna blackish; scutellum wholly black ...... Up to the present, 5 species are known to occur in ...... P. sinensis Yang et Yang China, mainly based on the results studied by Yang and 6. Hind femur yellow . . . P. zhejiangensis Yang et Yang Yang (1994, 1995). Guizhou is located in South China, –. Hind femur black or brown ...... 7 belonging to Oriental Realm, with very rich fauna, but 7. Hind femur brown, weakly thickened (1.7 times as there has no record for Platycephala. In the present thick as fore femur) ...... P. lii sp. nov. paper, the species of the genus Platycephala from China –. Hind femur wholly black, strongly thickened (3.1 are reviewed, and 3 species are described as new to times as thick as fore femur) ...... science. A key to the species from China is presented...... P. guizhouensis sp. nov. The types of new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of China Agricultural University, Beijing. Platycephala guizhouensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–6) T Locus typicus. China, Guizhou: Fanjingshan Key to species of Platycephala from China Mountain (27.55°N, 108.41°E). Etymology. The species is named after the locality 1. Hind femur slender, 7.5 times as long as wide; anten- Guizhou. na yellow, third antennal segment nearly quadrate, Diagnosis. The species is similar to Platycephala anterior part black; thorax yellow with two pairs of giganta Cherian from India in the shape of head and blackish spot ...... P. xanthodes Yang et Yang hind femur, but can be separated from the latter by the –. Hind femur thick, 2.9–4.8 times as long as wide . . . .2 wholly black thorax and the wholly black hind femur. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 657-661

NOTES ON THE GENUS HERCOSTOMUS LOEW, 1857 FROM GUANGXI, CHINA DIPTERA: EMPIDOIDEA: DOLICHOPODIDAE

L Z and D Y*

Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100094, China *To whom the correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Abstract.— The species of the genus Hercostomus from Guangxi are reviewed. Two spe- cies are described as new to science: Hercostomus (Hercostomus) tianeensis sp. nov. and H. (H.) tianlinensis sp. nov. Ë Key words.— Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Hercostomus, Guangxi, new species.

I A

The genus Hercostomus is one of the largest genera The following abbreviations are used: acr – acrostichal, in the Dolichopodidae and distributed worldwide. In ad – anterodorsal, apv – apicoventral, av – anteroventral, his catalogue on the Oriental fauna, Dyte (1975) men- dc – dorsocentral, LI – fore leg, LII – mid leg, LIII – hind tioned 17 species distributed in China, but all of them leg, pd – posterodorsal, pv – posteroventral, v – ventral. are from Taiwan. In his catalogue on the Palaearctic fauna, Negrobov (1991) reported 12 species distrib- uted in China. In the meantime more than 100 spe- T cies have been described, mainly based on the results of studies made by Wei (1997), Yang (1996, 1997a–c, Key to species of Hercostomus from Guangxi 1998), Yang and Grootaert (1999a–b), Yang, Grootaert and Song (2002),Yang and Saigusa (1999, 2001a–b, 1. 5th pair of dc distinctly convergent; pteropleuron with 2002), Yang and Yang (1995). It is important to note one group of hairs in front of metaspiracle; R4+5 and that Gymnopternus is widely used as a genus, not sub- M parallel apically (subgenus Gymnopternus) ...... 2 genus, in the Nearctic, and that this will be established –. 5th pair of dc not convergent; pteropleuron without especially when the genus Hercostomus is subjected hairs; R4+5 and M convergent apically (subgenus to phylogenetic analysis, as the genus is polyphyletic Hercostomus) ...... 6 (Scott Brooks, pers. comm.) 2. First costal section not thickened medially; aedea- Only 3 species have been recorded from Guangxi: gus without inner tiny denticles apically ...... 3 Hercostomus (Hercostomus) jinxiuensis Yang, 1997b, –. First costal section slightly thickened medially; Hercostomus (Gymnopternus) guangxiensis Yang, 1997c, aedeagus with inner tiny denticles apically ...... Hercostomus (Hercostomus) napoensis Yang, Grootaert ...... congruens Becker et Song, 2002. In the present paper the species of the 3. Legs mostly yellow ...... 4 genus Hercostomus from Guangxi are reviewed. Twelve –. Legs chiefly black . . . crassisetosus Yang et Saigusa species are added to the fauna of Guangxi, based on the 4. Epandrial lobe not thickened and slightly curved results of the survey made by the second author in the apically ...... 5 mountainous areas of Tianlin (alt. 1300–1400 m) and –. Epandrial lobe rather thick and strongly curved api- Tian’e (alt. 300–1400 m) in early Autumn, 2002, which cally ...... populus Wei are located in Northwest of Guangxi. Among them 2 5. Palpus dark yellow; cercus narrow and stripe-like species are described as new to science. A key to the ...... grandis Yang et Yang species from Guangxi is presented. The types of the new –. Palpus black; cercus wide and triangular ...... species are deposited in the insect collection of China ...... guangxiensis Yang Agricultural University, Beijing. 6. Cercus short and wide ...... 7 ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 663-665

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS NEURIGONELLA ROBINSON, 1964 FROM NEPAL DIPTERA: EMPIDOIDEA: DOLICHOPODIDAE

D Y, T S and K M

¹Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100094, China ²7-1-402, Baikoen 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0035 Japan ³Lake Biwa Museum, 1091 Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga, 525-0001 Japan

Abstract.— The species of the genus Neurigonella from Nepal are reviewed. The follow- ing 2 species are described as new to science: Neurigonella nepalensis sp. nov., N. nigra sp. nov. A key to the species of the genus from Nepal is given. Ë Key words.— Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Neurigonella, new species, Nepal.

I 2. Hind tarsomere 1 yellow; first flagellomere nearly trapezoid ...... 3 The genus Neurigonella Robinson, 1964 occurs in –. Hind tarsomere 1 black; first flagellomere nearly the Holarctic Region with 2 known species from the triangular ...... nigra sp. nov. Nearctic Region (Robinson and Vockeroth 1981) and 1 3. First flagellomere without distinct lower apical cor- known species from the Palaearctic Region: N. tatjanae ner; cercus with short basal tubercle bearing short Negrobov, 1984 from the Far East of Russia (Negrobov hairs ...... yunnanensis Yang et Saigusa 1984, 1991). No species was recorded from the Oriental –. First flagellomere with distinct lower apical corner; Region before (Dyte 1975). Recently 16 species were cercus with long basal tubercle bearing long hairs reported from China (Yang and Saigusa 2001)...... nepalensis sp. nov. In the present paper, the genus Neurigonella is reported for the first time from Nepal with 4 species. Among them 2 species are described as new to sci- Neurigonella nepalensis sp. nov. ence. The types are deposited in the Biosystematics (Figs 1–3) Laboratory of Kyushu University, Fukuoka. Locus typicus. Nepal: Ponktable – Buze. Etymology. The specific name refers to the nation A Nepal. Diagnosis. First flagellomere nearly trapezoid, 0.75 The following abbreviations are used: acr – acros- times longer than wide, with distinct lower apical corner. tichal, ad – anterodorsal, dc – dorsocentral, LI – fore Cercus with long basal tubercle bearing long pale hairs. leg, LII – mid leg, LIII – hind leg, oc – ocellar, pd – pos- Description. Male. Body length 2.1 mm, wing length terodorsal, v – ventral. 3.1 mm. Head dark metallic green with gray brown pollen; face with pale gray pollen. Hairs and bristles on head T black; postocular bristles (including ventral hairs) black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2 strong oc and 2 Key to species (males) of Neurigonella from Nepal short posterior hairs. Antenna black; first flagellomere nearly trapezoid, 0.75 times longer than wide, with dis- 1. R2+3 and R4+5 normal ...... 2 tinct lower apical corner; arista black, long, with rather –. R2+3 and R4+5 distinctly thickened basally ...... short basal segment. Proboscis black with black hairs; ...... trifurcata Yang et Saigusa palpus black with black hairs and 1 black apical bristle. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 667-668

DO FORMICA SPECIES HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE HAVE A DIFFERENT ATTACK MODE?

A A. M

Alterra (Green World Research), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— It is questioned whether a different degree of agressiveness of Formica spe- cies will lead to a different type of lesions of their victims and if so whether dissimilar lesions, caused by two related Formica species (Formica rufa and F. polyctena), might give support to their morphological separation. Moreover it is discussed if the conclusion is justified that an ant species is able to recognize other ant species if it causes dissimilar lesions during aggressive encounters. Ë Key words.— Ants, Formica, species recognition, attack mode.

S  the border of a neighbouring colony of the same spe- cies (Mabelis 1979). Heuts et al. (2003) postulate the existence of spe- In case an ant species is attacked more severely than cies recognition if different combination of species in other ant species by the species under study, we are a combat lead to dissimilar lesions, proximal (P) or dis- dealing with enemy specification (Wilson 1975). The tal (D). So if red wood ants cause different lesions in use of the term species recognition should be avoided victim species, they should be able to recognize them. as long as we cannot prove that the ants under study However, in my opinion it will be necessary to study react on species-specific characteristics. If only the the whole behavioural pattern during encounters for type of lesions are taken into account as a measure of proving species recognition, as species recognition aggressiveness we’ll miss data about real interactions. can not only lead to an attack, but also to avoidance Dissimilar lesions may be the result of dissimilarity of the opponent. For example it is observed that red in size, odour and/or behaviour of the ants. Heuts et wood ants avoid the confrontation with Lasius fuligi- al. (2003) assumed enemy specification of F. exsecta, nosus (Mabelis 1984). This species possesses a highly as this species inflicted decapitation more often on effective repellent (dendrolasine). So it may be that closely related species than on more distantly related Formica workers recognize L. fuliginosus on its odour. species. However, the number of tests per species Red wood ants which attacked a L. fuliginosus worker should be enlarged to obtain significant results (see released their hold inmediately after being confronted table 4). Anyway, the chance that the head of a victim with this substance. On their own territory Formica species will be amputated when attacked by F. exsecta workers were more aggressive to Lasius workers than is greater than attacked by another Formica species they had been when they met a Lasius worker on (table 4). So the attack mode of F. exsecta differs from Lasius territory. On Lasius territory red wood ants sel- other Formica species. This will have a genetic basis. dom initiated a fight when they met a Lasius worker, but fled more often instead. About half of the Formica workers which violated the border of Lasius territory I returned rather soon to their own territory without having met an alien worker. This indicates that expe- Workers from monogynous colonies of red wood rienced Formica workers know when entering a terri- ants generally will be more aggressive to alien species tory of L. fuliginosus and this is may increase their ten- than ants from polygynous colonies of red wood ants dency to flee (Mabelis 1984). Such flight behaviour is (Gösswald 1989, among others). Heuts et al. (2003) also observed of red wood ant workers which passed suggest that this will lead to relatively more proximal ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 669-671

NOTES ON THE GENUS AGDISTOCORIS KORMILEV, 1962 HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE: PHYMATINAE, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM CHINA

J C, W C* and W R

1Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, China; e-mail: [email protected] (*All correspondence to Wanzhi Cai) 2Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Wien; Austria, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— Agdistocoris kormilevi, a new species of ambush bugs from China, is described. The genus Agdistocoris Kormilev is recorded the first time from China. A key to the three species of the genus is provided. The holotype of the new species will be preserved in the Insect Collection of China Agricultural University. Ë Key words.— Agdistocoris, China, new species, key to species, Phymatinae, Reduviidae.

I T

The genus Agdistocoris was established by the late Key to the species of the genus Agdistocoris Kormilev heteropterist N. A. Kormilev in 1962 for two Indian species, A. pallidus and A. testaceus with the latter as the 1. First segment of antenna about four times as long as type species of the genus (Kormilev 1962, Froeschner the second (Fig. 5); lateral angles of posterior lobe and Kormilev 1989). According to Kormilev (1962), of pronotum blunt (Fig. 1); body length about 10 the genus is the most peculiar one among the 17 gen- mm ...... A. kormilevi sp. nov. era in the tribe Macrocephalini. –. First segment of antenna about twice as long as the The most striking character of the genus second; lateral angles of posterior lobe of pronotum Agdistocoris is the considerable reduction of the anten- acute, directed sideways or a little forwards; body nae (Fig. 1), which are shorter than the head. The first length less than 8 mm ...... 2 segments of antennae extend forwards and the other 2. Body pale yellow, marked with carmine; length 6.55 segments lie in antennal grooves, formed by excavated mm, about 3.7 times width of abdomen ...... genae and the first segments of antennae, which are ...... A. pallidus Kormilev, 1962 situated in front of the backwardly shifted bucculae –. Body brown to testaceous, without carmine markings; (Figs 2–5). The carinae are visible in lateral view (Figs length 6.85–7.35 mm, about 4.2 times width of abdo- 2–3). Abdominal sterna II to VI are split on the median men ...... A. testaceus Kormilev, 1962 line, forming two separate sclerites in both male and female. In the female, a subtriangular facet intercalates in the middle of sternumVII and lateral portions of Agdistocoris kormilevi sp. nov. it are narrow and long, produced far backward along (Figs 1–8) the genital segments almost to the tip of the abdomen (Fig. 8). Diagnosis. Agdistocoris kormilevi sp. nov. is larger Recent examination of the collection of Phymatinae than the other two known species of this genus. The at the China Agricultural University revealed a new body length of the holotype female of the new species species of Agdistocoris, which is herein described. This is 10.00 mm, whereas that of both known species in genus is recorded the first time in China. this genus is shorter. The pronotum of the new species ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 673-680

MORPHOLOGY OF THE MATURE LARVA AND PUPA OF QUEDIUS BREVICORNIS (THOMSON, 1860) (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)

BERNARD STANIEC

Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— It is the first time the mature third instar larva of Quedius brevicornis (Thomson) has been described. The redescription of the pupa of this staphylinid is also provided. A modification of the key by Kasule to some known Quedius larvae is pro- posed, and a key to Polish known Quedius pupae including Q. brevicornis is presented.  Key words.— Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Quedius brevicornis, morphology, mature larva, pupa.

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

789 (3 doubtful) species of the genus Quedius 5 mature larvae and 7 pupae of Q. brevicornis were Stephens have been described so far, of which over collected together with 2 adults in Siostrzytów near 70 species from Central Europe and over 50 species Lublin (CE Poland) on the 2nd of July 2002. The from Poland were recorded (Burakowski at al. 1980, were extracted from moist wood dust of the old lime- Lucht 1987, Koch 1989, Herman 2001). Within the tree (Tilia cordata Mill.) with holes hollowed out in the above-mentioned genus, some information on the trunk. The tree grows in the old ex-manor park, in the morphology of only larvae of 25 species and pupae River Wieprz valley. In order to correctly determine of 11 species have been provided so far (Voris 1939, the development stages of Q. brevicornis, two larvae Paulian 1941, Smetana 1962, Pototskaya 1967, Frank were kept alive until pupation and then the emergence 1968, Kasule 1970, Outerelo 1978, Topp 1978, Bordoni of adults. They were determined by the author. The 1981, Drugmand 1988, Staniec 1996, 1999). However, preimaginal stages were preserved in a 1:1 solution of knowledge on the subject is generally far from com- glycerine and alcohol. For microscopic slides the punc- plete, moreover, the existing descriptions are often frag- tured larvae were rinsed in distilled water and cleared mentary, poorly illustrated and require supplements or in chloralphenol and finally placed in Berlese’s liquid. redescriptions. That is why correct identification of the Habitus drawings of living pupae were made. For more preimaginal stages of individual species is still highly detailed studies, fragments of pupal exuvia were used. unlikely, especially with closely related taxa. The drawings were made using camera lucida. Quedius brevicornis is recorded from almost the Material examined: 5 mature larvae (L3), 7 pupae whole Europe (except Spain, Portugal, Greece) and (4 ♂♂). Russia (Herman 2001). In Poland it is known from a dozen or so localities. It is defined as a eurytopic, silvi- colous, nidicolous and xylodetriticolous species (Koch RESULTS 1989). It inhabits moist wood dust of old deciduous trees with holes hollowed out in the trunk, sometimes Larva of the genus Quedius Stephens, 1829 with bird’s, ant’s and hornet’s nests inside. The larva of the species has not been described yet. The first descrip- Diagnosis. (1) Head with four stemmata, rarely tion of Q. brevicornis pupa was provided by Drugmand stemmata absent; (2) anterior margin of nasale with (1988). His description was incomplete, poorly illustrat- nine prominent teeth, median tooth not more than ed and that is why it requires more detailed studies. half as long as paramedian teeth; (3) protibia with ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 681-687

STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE TRIBE AGATHIDIINI COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE. PART I. ANISOTOMA DISCOLOR MELSHEIMER, 

A K

Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— This is the first detailed description of the mature larva of Anisotoma dis- color Melsheimer, 1844, a Nearctic member of the tribe Agathidiini. The setal pattern of cephalic capsule, mouthparts, legs, urogomphi, thoracic and abdominal segments are described and figured, and the measurements are given. Ë Key words.— Entomology, taxonomy, morphology, larva, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Agathidiini, Anisotoma discolor.

I sensilla, measurements and illustrations. This is the first of the eight American members of the genus, The tribe Agathidiini comprises 10 genera (Angelini whose chaetotaxy is crucial for understanding their and Peck 2000). Larvae have been described in detail for phylogenetic position (Kilian, in prep.). some members of Agathidium Panzer and Anisotoma The genus Anisotoma Panzer, 1797 comprises 56 Panzer (Angelini and De Marzo 1984, Wheeler 1990, species distributed in the Nearctic (26), Palearctic (22), Ratajczak [= Kilian] 1995, 1996, Růžička 1996, Kilian Oriental (9) and Neotropical (4) regions (Wheeler 1998, 2001); there exist preliminary descriptions 1979, 1980, 1983, Hisamatsu 1985, Angelini and De of Liodopria Reitter (Kilian 1998). The larvae bear Marzo 1988, 1994, 1995, Angelini and Švec 1993, 1994, numerous characters, sometimes very subtle, includ- 1995, Perkovsky 1987, 1992, Švec 1992, Angelini and ing chaetoataxy, especially of the head, mesonotum Peck 2000). Detailed, modern descriptions of larval and metanotum, length and shape of termination of stages have been given for all the five European species primary thoracic setae, proportion of urogomphi, head (Ratajczak [= Kilian] 1995, 1996, Růžička 1996, Kilian microsulpture (Růžička 1996), whose combinations 1998) and for only one American species, A. basalis are diagnostic at species level. However, no constant (LeConte, 1853), by Wheeler (1990). larval characters at the generic level for Agathidium Anisotoma discolor belongs to the discolor-scopula and Anisotoma have been found (Kilian 1998), though group (Wheeler 1979), which includes 4 species: its the cladogram of agathiid genera based on adult char- Japanese sister-species A. didymata (Portvein 1927), acters shows a significant distance between both taxa A. scopula Wheeler, 1979 from Midlle America and (Angelini and Peck 2000). Furthermore, the cladograms Mexico, and Mexican A. panicula Wheeler, 1983, in my studies suggest a correlation of larval characters a sister species to A. scopula (Wheeler, 1983). The (Kilian 1998) with membership in monophyletic spe- scopula-discolor group is defined by the reduction of cies-groups based on adult stages (Wheeler 1979). internal sac armature, with the discolor subgroup hav- The aim of my further studies is presenting a ing impunctate elytral intervals and the median lobe detailed, comparative morphology of the third instar narrowed (Wheeler 1979). A. discolor is widespread in larvae of Anisotoma discolor Melsheimer, , with the USA (26 states) and Canada, and associated with emphasis on chaetotaxy, distribution of campaniform fruiting bodies of Myxomycetes (Wheeler 1979). ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 689-700

DESCRIPTION OF FIRST AND LAST INSTAR LARVA OF CRASPEDONTA LEAYANA LATREILLE, 1807 COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CASSIDINAE

J Ś and H V. G

1Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Zoology, Modern College, Shivajinagar, Pune 411 005, India

Abstract.— First and last instar larva of Craspedonta leayana (Latreille, 1807) is described in detail. A brief discussion on classification of the tribe Basiprionotini is given. Ë Key words.— Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Basiprionotini, Craspedonta leay- ana, larva.

I M  

Craspedonta leayana (Latreille, 1807), a member of Oothecae and larvae were collected live in the field. the tribe Basiprionotini Hincks, 1952 (sensu Borowiec Oothecae were allowed to develop in the laboratory and 1995), is widely spread in the Oriental Region. It was the larvae that hatched were reared with fresh leaves recorded from the following countries: Burma, India, brought from the field every day. The entire life cycle China: Hainan, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam was studied from a population present on the campus (Borowiec and Świętojańska 2002). Biologically it is of the University of Pune, during July-August 2002. The connected with tree Gmelina arborea of the family larvae were preserved in 75 to 80 % ethanol. Three first Verbenaceae (Maulik 1919, Gressitt 1952, Ghate et al. instar and two last instar larvae were studied. in press). On its localities the species is abundant and Larvae were mounted on slides with Swan’s liquid larval feeding leads to complete skeletonization of the (aqua distillata 20 g., gum arabic 15 g., chlorhydrate 60 leaf leaving only the veins and the mid rib (Ghate et g., glucose 3 g., acetic acid glacial 2 g.). al. in press). These insects are strictly monophagous Larvae were figured using Citoval 2 stereomicro- and are a serious pests of Gmelina. The biology of C. scope, and Nikon E 600 microscope with phase con- leayana was described by Garthwaite (1938) but with- trast. The description of the first instar larva is based out detailed description of larvae. on standard description of the first instar larva of the Immatures of the tribe Basiprionotini are poorly tribe Cassidini proposed by Borowiec and Świętojańska known. Inadequate descriptions are available for (2003). Description of the last instar is based, with some Basiprionota cerata (Spaeth, 1925) by Zaitsev and additions and modifications, on classical paper on imma- Medvedev (1982), Craspedonta mouhoti (Baly, 1863) ture stages of Indian Cassidinae by Takizawa (1980). by Weise (1901) and Zaitsev and Medvedev (1982), For colour photos of Craspedonta leayana (Latr.) Epistictina reicheana (Guérin, 1844) by Takizawa see Borowiec and Świętojańska (2002). (1983) and Ghate and Ranade (2002), and Epistictina viridimaculata (Boheman, 1850) by Zaitsev and Medvedev (1982). First instar larva has never been D described, only Zaitsev and Medvedev (1982) gener- ally figured this instar for Craspedonta mouhoti. In this First instar larva paper we describe in detail the first and the last instar Measurements (n=3): length: 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 mm, width of Craspedonta leayana (Latr.). 0.7, 0.8, 0.8 mm. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 701-704

TWO NEW SPECIES OF SPILOPHORA BOHEMAN, 1850 COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CASSIDINAE FROM ECUADOR AND PERU

L B

Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— Spilophora cuneata from Ecuador and S. lacrimata from Ecuador and Peru, new to the science, are described. Both belong to the Spilophora trigemina group. A key to species of the group is given. Ë Key words.— Entomology, taxonomy, new species, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Spilophora, Ecuador, Peru.

I S

The genus Spilophora Boheman, 1850 comprises 16 Spilophora cuneata sp. nov. species distributed in tropical South America, with the centre of distribution in Ecuador and Peru (Borowiec Etymology. Named after cuneate emargination of 1999, Borowiec and Świętojańska 2002). The genus was posterior elytral spot. hitherto classified as a member of the tribe Spilophorini Diagnosis. A member of Spilophora trigemina Chapuis, 1875 in the subfamily Cassidinae (Hincks 1952) group. See key below. or in the group of cassidoid Hispinae (Borowiec 1995). Description. Length: 6.6–6.9 mm, width: 5.25–5.50 Recently Staines (2002) transferred the tribe Spilophorini mm, length/width ratio: 1.22–1.31, length of prono- from traditional cassidoid groups of tribes to the hispoid tum: 1.6 mm, width of pronotum: 2.7–2.8 mm. Body groups and fused Spilophorini with the tribe Oediopalpini cuneiform (Figs 1, 2). Monros and Viana, 1947. Staines (2002) finally fused the Head yellow, vertex and tempora from yellow to black. subfamilies Cassidinae and Hispinae as was suggested Pronotum uniformly black or area close to anterior and previously by Suzuki (1985), Borowiec (1995), and Reid posterior sensory pores brownish-yellow. Scutellum yellow. (1995), with Cassidinae as the valid name for the group Elytra yellow, in anterior half with two, in posterior part (ICZN Article 24.2). Now the group comprises the gen- with one large spot. Spots are black with indistinct metallic era Spilophora Boheman, 1850, Calyptocephala Chevrolat, blue tint, especially anterior spots are metallic. Each ante- 1837, and Oediopalpa Baly, 1858 and represents a primi- rior spot oval, placed obliquely across disc and marginalia tive line within hispoid Cassidinae close to the tribe from third elytral row to lateral margin of elytra, in large Cephaloleini Chapuis, 1875. distance from anterior margin of elytra and posterior spot. The genus Spilophora was perfectly keyed by Spaeth Spot on slope large, extending laterally to marginal rows of (1937). Four species in the key are characterized by elytra, its anterior margin with narrow, regularly triangular almost completely black pronotum and yellow elytra emargination extending to 1⁄3 length of the spot. Anterior with dark spots both in anterior and posterior half of margins of posterior spot straight. Transverse yellow band disc: S. aequatoriensis Spaeth, 1905, S. peruana (Erichson, across middle of elytra on both sides of disc runs distinctly 1847), S. tetraspilota Baly, 1859, and S. trigemina (Guérin, obliquely, its width in position of third elytral row is slight- 1844). I propose the Spilophora trigemina group for ly smaller than in position of marginal row. Ventrites and species with mostly black pronotum (type species: antennae uniformly yellow. Legs almost completely yellow, Calyptocephala trigemina Guérin, 1844). In the material posterior margin of fore tibiae marked with black line. Last studied recently I found two new species of the group. segment of tarsi in female infuscate, distinctly darker than Their descriptions are given below. three previous segments. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2003, 53(4): 705-710

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS AVENCYMON STROHECKER, 1971 COLEOPTERA: ENDOMYCHIDAE

K. W T

Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN; Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— Species of the Oriental genus Avencymon are reviewed. The following new synonym is proposed: Avencymon ruficephalus (Ohta, 1931) (= Avencymon concolor (Strohecker, 1951). A new species of Avencymon, A. bicolor from Indonesia is described and illustrated. Taxonomic notes on the genus and a key to its known species are provid- ed. The placement of Avencymon within the subfamily Lycoperdininae is confirmed. Ë Key words.— Entomology, taxonomy, revision, Cucujoidea, Lycoperdininae, Avencymon.

I careful study of both sexes, of populations from all of those localities allowed me to confirm the synonymy Strohecker (1971) while reviewing the genus of A. concolor and A. ruficephalus – indicating the wide Encymon Gerstaeck