DOCSLIB.ORG

315 Genus Mimacraea Butler

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
315 Genus Mimacraea Butler AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Genus Mimacraea Butler, [1872] In Butler, [1869-74]. Lepidoptera Exotica, or descriptions and illustrations of exotic lepidoptera 104 (190 pp.). London. Type-species: Mimacraea darwinia Butler, by original designation. The genus Mimacraea belongs to the Family Lycaenidae Leach, 1815; Subfamily Poritiini Doherty, 1886; Tribe Liptenini Röber, 1892. The other genera in the Tribe Liptenini in the Afrotropical Region are Liptena, Obania, Kakumia, Tetrarhanis, Falcuna, Larinopoda, Micropentila, Pseuderesia, Eresina, Eresiomera, Parasiomera, Citrinophila, Argyrocheila, Teriomima, Euthecta, Cnodontes, Baliochila, Eresinopsides, Toxochitona, Toxochitona and Mimeresia. Mimacraea (Acraea Mimic) is a purely Afrotropical genus containing 20 species. Generic revision by Libert, 2000c (Revision du genre Mimacraea Butler avec description de quatre nouvelles especes et deux nouvelles sous-especes: 58 (1-73).) Classification of Mimacraea (Libert, 2000c) M. darwinia group M. darwinia sub-group M. darwinia Butler, [1872] M. apicalis apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1890] M. apicalis gabonica Libert, 2000 M. neavei Eltringham, 1909 M. maesseni Libert, 2000 M. febe Libert, 2000 M. landbecki sub-group M. landbecki Druce, 1910 M. telloides Schultze, 1923 M. abriana Libert & Collins, 2000 M. charmian group M. charmian sub-group M. charmian Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1890] M. fulvaria fulvaria Aurivillius, 1895 M. fulvaria eltringhami Druce, 1912 M. paragora paragora Rebel, 1911 M. paragora angulata Libert, 2000 M. neurata sub-group M. neurata Hoalland, 1895 M. krausei group M. krausei krausei Dewitz, 1889 M. krausei karschioides Carpenter & Jackson, 1950 M. krausei camerunica Libert, 2000 M. skoptoles group M. skoptoles Druce, 1907 M. gelinia group M. gelinia sub-group M. gelina (Oberthür, 1893) M. gelinia nguru Kielland, 1986 M. gelinia georgia Libert 1& Collins, 2011 M. neokoton Druce, 1907 M. marshalli sub-group *Mimacraea darwinia Butler, [1872] Common Acraea Mimic Mimacraea darwinia Butler, [1872]. In Butler, [1869-74]. Lepidoptera Exotica, or descriptions and illustrations of exotic lepidoptera 104 (190 pp.). London. Mimacraea darwinia Butler, 1872. Libert, 2000c: 20. Mimacraea darwinia Butler, 1872. d’Abrera, 2009: 628. Type locality: “W. Africa?”. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Neallotype (female): Issia, Ivory Coast, VIII 1966 (T.H.E. Jackson); in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. A record from Kpandu, Volta Region, Ghana (Libert, 2000c) is distrusted by Larsen (2005a). Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Fula Wusu (Libert, 2000c). Liberia – Ganta (Libert, 2000c); Kpaine (Libert, 2000c); Yendamalahun (Libert, 2000c). Ivory Coast – Abengourou (Libert, 2000c); Agboville (Libert, 2000c); Banco (Libert, 2000c); Bayota (Libert, 2000c); Danane (Libert, 2000c); Issia (Libert, 2000c); Tiassale (Libert, 2000c). Ghana – Kibi (Libert, 2000c); Kpandu (Libert, 2000c); Kukurantumi (Libert, 2000c); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including well-developed secondary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Specimens are usually noted circling the trunks of ‘ant-trees’, occasionally perching on dry twigs (Larsen, 2005a). In Kakum Larsen (2005a) found a single tree which harboured a colony over a long period of time. The male is a mimic of Acraea epaea (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Mimacraea apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1890] 2 Central Acraea Mimic Mimacraea apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1890]. In Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1887-92]. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: 41 (183 pp.). London. Mimacraea apicalis Grose Smith & Kirby, 1890. Libert, 2000c: 21. Mimacraea apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1889. d’Abrera, 2009: 628. Date erroneous. Mimacraea apicalis. Male, Cameroon. Left – upperside; right – underside. Images courtesy Torben Larsen. Mimacraea apicalis. Female, Camerron. Image courtesy Torben Larsen. Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Neotype (male) designated by Libert, 2000c – Mount Febe (1 000 m), Yaounde, Cameroon, 8 December 1983, M. Libert. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon [ssp. apicalis – red dots] Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo [ssp. gabonica – green dots] 3 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo. Habits: The male is an accurate mimic of Acraea tellus, while the female appears to be a mimic of Acraea oberthueri (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Mimacraea apicalis apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1890] Mimacraea apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1890]. In Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1887-92]. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: 41 (183 pp.). London. Mimacraea apicalis apicalis Grose Smith & Kirby, 1890. Libert, 2000c: 21. Mimacraea apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1889. d’Abrera, 2009: 628. Date erroneous. Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Lokoja (Libert, 2000c); Olle (Libert, 2000c); ; Ubiaga (Libert, 2000c); Umuhaia (Libert, 2000c); Oni Creek east of Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bitje (Libert, 2000c). Mimacraea apicalis gabonica Libert, 2000 Mimacraea apicalis gabonica Libert, 2000. Revision du genre Mimacraea Butler avec description de quatre nouvelles especes et deux nouvelles sous-especes: 22 (1-73). Type locality: Congo: Sembe, Souanke district, March 1960 (T.H.E. Jackson). Neallotype (female) – Ketta forest, Ouesso, Congo, April 1960 (T.H.E. Jackson). Holotype (male) and Neallotype (female) in the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Benito (Libert, 2000c). Gabon – Kangwe (Libert, 2000c); Kuilu (Libert, 2000c); Ogowe (Libert, 2000c); Lambarene (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Azingo (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchibanga (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Congo – Sembe (TL); Ketta forest, Ouesso (Libert, 2000c); Odzala (Libert, 2000c). Note: There is a slight possibility that subspecies gabonica may be a distinct species (Larsen, 2005a). *Mimacraea neavei Eltringham, 1909 Mimacraea neavei Eltringham, 1909. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 45: 172 (172). Mimacraea neavei Eltringham, 1909. Libert, 2000c: 23. Mimacraea neavei Eltringham, 1909. d’Abrera, 2009: 630. Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons, W. Africa”. Holotype (male) in Hope Department, Oxford. Neallotype (female) – Mount Febe (1 000 m), Yaounde, Cameroon, 2 October 1983, M. Libert; M.N.H.N., Paris. 4 Distribution: Cameroon. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Djukun (Schultze, 1912); Yaounde (Libert, 2000c); Limbe (Libert, 2000c); Maan (Libert, 2000c)Yoko (Libert, 2000c); Goyoum (Libert, 2000c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. flavofasciata Schultze, 1912 (as sp. of Mimacraea). Entomologische Rundschau 29: 50 (49-50). Cameroon: “Djukun (Urwald) Süd-Kamerun”. Synonymized with Mimacraea neavei Eltringham, 1909 by Libert, 2000: 23. *Mimacraea maesseni Libert, 2000 Maessen’s Acraea Mimic Mimacraea maesseni Libert, 2000. Revision du genre Mimacraea Butler avec description de quatre nouvelles especes et deux nouvelles sous-especes: 25 (1-73). Mimacraea maesseni Libert, 2000. d’Abrera, 2009: 630. Mimacraea maesseni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November, 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection. 5 Mimacraea maesseni. Female, Nigeria. Left – upperside; right – underside. Images courtesy Torben Larsen. Type locality: Ghana: Papase (Th. Maessen). Holotype (male) in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Allotype (female) – Anfoega, Ghana (Th. Maessen); in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Ghana (Volta region), Togo, Nigeria (south). Distribution: Ghana (Volta region), Togo, Nigeria (south). Specific localities: Ghana – Papase (TL); Anfoega (Libert, 2000c); Kpandu (Libert, 2000c); Wli Falls (Larsen, 2005a); Kyabobo (Larsen, 2005a). Togo – Kloto (Libert, 2000c); Badou (Libert, 2000c) Nigeria – Oni Creek (Libert, 2000c); Warri (Libert, 2000c); Afikpo (Libert, 2000c). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Relatively common in the Volta Region of Ghana and in Togo but apparently much scarcer in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) noted specimens circling the trunks of trees with a diameter of 6-7 cm, occasionally settling on the bark of the tree trunks. They did not fly high up and were confined to the darker parts of the forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Mimacraea febe Libert, 2000 Mimacraea febe Libert, 2000. Revision du genre Mimacraea Butler avec description de quatre nouvelles especes et deux nouvelles sous-especes: 26 (1-73). Mimacraea febe Libert, 2000. d’Abrera, 2009: 630. Type locality: Cameroon: Mount Febe (1 000 m), Yaounde, 16 June 1982, M. Libert. In the M.N.H.N., Paris. 6 Distribution: Cameroon. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Febe (TL). Known only from the type locality. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. M. landbecki sub-group *Mimacraea landbecki Druce, 1910 Mimacraea landbecki Druce, 1910. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 358 (356-378). Mimacraea landbecki Druce, 1910. Libert, 2000c: 27. Mimacraea landbecki Druce, 1910.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies
    Journal of Insect Science, (2018) 18(3): 6; 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iey046 Research The Only Blue Mimeresia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies Zsolt Bálint,1,5 Szabolcs Sáfián,2 Adrian Hoskins,3 Krisztián Kertész,4 Antal Adolf Koós,4 Zsolt Endre Horváth,4 Gábor Piszter,4 and László Péter Biró4 1Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, 2Faculty of Forestry, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary, 3Royal Entomological Society, London, United Kingdom, 4Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, and 5Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Konrad Fiedler Received 21 February 2018; Editorial decision 25 April 2018 Abstract The butterflyMimeresia neavei (Joicey & Talbot, 1921) is the only species in the exclusively African subtribal clade Mimacraeina (Lipteninae: Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) having sexual dimorphism expressed by structurally blue- colored male and pigmentary colored orange–red female phenotypes. We investigated the optical mechanism generating the male blue color by various microscopic and experimental methods. It was found that the blue color is produced by the lower lamina of the scale acting as a thin film. This kind of color production is not rare in day-flying Lepidoptera, or in other insect orders. The biological role of the blue color of M. neavei is not yet well understood, as all the other species in the clade lack structural coloration, and have less pronounced sexual dimorphism, and are involved in mimicry-rings. Key words: Africa, Lycaenidae, mimicry, thin film, wing scale The late John Nevill Eliot in his fundamental work on Lycaenidae blue dorsal wing surface, whilst the female with its bright orange classification subdivided the family into sections, tribes, and sub- appearance is a typical mimeresine.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Endemic Butterflies of Eastern Africa and Malawi
    SOME ENDEMIC BUTTERFLIES OF EASTERN AFRICA AND MALAWI T C E Congdon, Ivan Bampton* *ABRI, P O Box 14308, Nairobi Kenya Abstract: The ‘Eastern Arc’ of Kenya and Tanzania is defined in terms of its butterfly fauna. Butterflies endemic to it and neighbouring ecological zones are listed. The ‘Tanzania-Malawi Highlands’ are identified as an ecological zone. Distributions of the endemic butterflies within the Eastern Arc and other zones are examined. Some possible causes of endemism are suggested. Conservation issues are discussed. An updated list of the endemic Butterflies of Tanzania is given. Key words and phrases: Endemism, biodiversity, conservation, ecological zones, East African Coastal Belt, Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania-Malawi Highlands. Introduction The Study Area includes the whole of Tanzania, with extensions to include coastal Kenya and the highlands of Malawi. Ecological zones within the study area are identified. Butterflies endemic within the study area are listed by zone, and distributions within two of the zones are examined in detail. The conservation status of important forests is discussed and the most vulnerable areas are identified. In the Appendix (I) we provide an updated checklist of Tanzania’s endemic species. Methods and Materials Ecological zones are defined. The species endemic to each zone are listed, together with their distribution within the zone and altitude range within which they are known to occur (Table 1): totals are given. In the discussion section zonal endemism is examined. Species endemic to individual mountain blocks are scheduled in Table 2 and totals are given. Conservation priorities are discussed. The number of species each block shares with each other block is tabulated (Table 3) together with the total of species so shared present on each block.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of a New Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
    18 METAI\4ORPHOSIS, VOL. 22, No. '1 March 2011 Note on Mimacraea gelinia (Obetthûr' 1893), with the description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Michel Libert* and Steve C. Collins** *8 rue Henry Barbet,76 000 Rouen, France;michelibert@free fr ** ABRI, PO Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya; [email protected] Summary A new subspecies of M. gelinia ftom southefi\lanzaîra, M. gelinia georgia ssp. nov., and the female oTM. gelinia nguru Kielland are described. Mimacraeo gelinia was described after a male from the Usambaras, in NE Tanzania. Almost one century later, Kielland (1986) described the subspecies nguru, based on a single male collected in the eponymous mountains. In the revision of the genus Miuacraea (Libert, 2000: 5l), four males of M. gelinia collected in the Uzungwa mountains (southem Tanzanta) were tentatively attributed to this subspecies, but the author underlined several differences b€tween these males and the holotype of M. g. nguru. Since the revision was published, more specimens of M gelinia have been collected by ABRIr collectors in both the Nguru and Uzungwa mountains. These new specimens allow better characterization of subspecies nguru, especrally thanks to the discov€ry ofthe female, and show that the Uzungwamales represent a distinct subspecies, which is describedbere as M gelinia georgia' ssp. nov.; the female ofthis subspecies is stillunknown. All three subspecies are clearly orophilic; many examples of such allopatric subspeciation are known in Tanzania (see fig. 1. page 21, map showing the distriburion of the three subspecies). Depositories of material ABRI AfricanButterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya BMNH -The Natural History Mus€um, London,U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Journal of Insect Science, (2018) 18(3): 6; 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iey046 Research Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article-abstract/18/3/6/5001952 by MTA Wigner Research Centre for Physics user on 17 September 2018 The Only Blue Mimeresia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies Zsolt Bálint,1,5 Szabolcs Sáfián,2 Adrian Hoskins,3 Krisztián Kertész,4 Antal Adolf Koós,4 Zsolt Endre Horváth,4 Gábor Piszter,4 and László Péter Biró4 1Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, 2Faculty of Forestry, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary, 3Royal Entomological Society, London, United Kingdom, 4Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, and 5Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Konrad Fiedler Received 21 February 2018; Editorial decision 25 April 2018 Abstract The butterflyMimeresia neavei (Joicey & Talbot, 1921) is the only species in the exclusively African subtribal clade Mimacraeina (Lipteninae: Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) having sexual dimorphism expressed by structurally blue- colored male and pigmentary colored orange–red female phenotypes. We investigated the optical mechanism generating the male blue color by various microscopic and experimental methods. It was found that the blue color is produced by the lower lamina of the scale acting as a thin film. This kind of color production is not rare in day-flying Lepidoptera, or in other insect orders. The biological role of the blue color of M.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographia Sesiidarum Orbis Terrarum (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Salzkammergut Jahr/Year: 2000 Band/Volume: 2000 Autor(en)/Author(s): Pühringer Franz Artikel/Article: Bibliographia Sesiidarum orbis terrarum (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) 73-146 ©Salzkammergut Entomologenrunde; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt.Ent.Arb.gem.Salzkammergut 3 73-146 31.12.2000 Bibliographia Sesiidarum orbis terrarum (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) Franz PÜHRINGER Abstract: A list of 3750 literature references covering the Sesiidae of the world is presented, based on the Record of Zoological Literature, the Zoological Record and Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Pars 31, Aegeriidae (DALLA TORRE & STRAND 1925) as well as cross references found in the cited literature. Key words: Lepidoptera, Sesiidae, world literature. Einleitung: Die Literatur über die Schmetterlingsfamilie der Glasflügler (Sesiidae) ist weit verstreut und mittlerweile auch bereits recht umfangreich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Weltliteratur der Sesiiden zusammenzutragen und aufzulisten. Grundlage dafür waren alle erschienenen Bände des Record of Zoological Literature, Vol. 1-6 (1864-1869), fortgesetzt als Zoological Record, Vol. 7-135 (1870-1998/99) sowie der Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Pars 31, Aegeriidae (DALLA TORRE & STRAND 1925). Darauf aufbauend wurden alle Querverweise in den Literaturverzeichnissen der zitierten Arbeiten geprüft. Aufgenommen wurden nicht nur Originalarbeiten über Sesiidae, sondern auch faunistische Arbeiten, die Angaben über Sesiidae enthalten, da gerade in solchen Arbeiten oft sehr wertvolle Freilandbeobachtungen und Hinweise zur Biologie der entsprechenden Arten zu finden sind. Auf diese Weise sind bisher 3750 Literaturzitate zusammengekommen. Von diesen konnten jedoch erst 1461 (39 %) überprüft werden. Das sind jene Arbeiten, die sich als Original oder Kopie in meiner Bibliothek befinden.
    [Show full text]
  • A Provisional, Annotated Checklist of the Butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha Region, Tanzania
    JOURNAL OF THE EAST AFRICA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUM December 1990 Volume 80, Number 196 A PROVISIONAL, ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES IN LAKE MANYARA NATIONAL PARK, ARUSHA REGION, TANZANIA. NORBERT J CORDEIRO P. O. Box 708, Moshi, Tanzania* ABSTRACT Lake Manyara National Park is well known for its diverse habitats and large mammals. While little is understood about most of the smaller verte";ates and invertebrates, this investigation into the butterflies of the park has revealed over 180 species. Several of the following are of particular interest, either because of new extensions to their range or, their taxonomic differences as compared to other East African populations: Belenois margaritacea plutonica, Pieris brassicoides marghanita, Charaxes cithaeron kennethi, Ch. violetta melloni, Ch. hansalii baring ana, a female aberration of Ch. achaemenes achaemenes (figured and described in this paper), Mimacraea marshalli, Aloeides conradsi talboti, Stugeta bawkeri nyanzana and Tuxentius stempfferi. INTRODUCTION Lake Manyara National Park (L.M.N.P.) is one of the areas of highest wildlife biomass in Africa (Cae et ai .. 1976; Loth & Prins, 1986) and is well known for its diverse fauna and flora. Although Watermeyer & Elliott (1943) initially described the general ecology, probably the most extensi ve earlier contribution to the ecology of L.M.N .P. is that of Douglas- Hamilton (1972). Greenway & Vesey-FitzGerald (1969), gave a detailed account of the vegetation, emphasizing the diverse habitat types and their corresponding species, whereas Loth & Prins (1986) described the physiography of the park. [see also Prins, 1988; Prins & Loth, 1988]. Most of the scientific research at L.M.N.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Capítulo 10 As Borboletas Diurnas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) De Angola: Uma Lista De Espécies Actualizada
    CAPÍTULO 10 AS BORBOLETAS DIURNAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA) DE ANGOLA: UMA LISTA DE ESPÉCIES ACTUALIZADA Luís F. Mendes1,2, A Bívar ‑de ‑Sousa1,2,3 e Mark C. Williams4 Resumo Actualmente, são conhecidas 792 espécies/subespécies de bor‑ boletas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) de Angola, um país com uma rica diversidade de habitats, mas onde áreas extensas continuam por inves‑ tigar e onde não foram efectuados programas sistemáticos de recolha. Em 1820, apenas eram conhecidas três espécies de Angola. Desde o início do século xxi, foram descritas muitas espécies novas e mais de 220 novidades faunísticas foram designadas. No seu todo, dos 792 táxones actualmente listados para Angola, 57 espécies/subespécies são endémicas e quase o mesmo número é conhecido como quase‑endémico, espécies partilhadas por Angola e por um ou outro país vizinho. A família Nymphalidae é a mais diversificada. As famílias Lycaenidae e Papilionidae apresentam os níveis de endemismo mais elevados. É fornecida uma lista revista com notas taxonómicas e ecológicas, e o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre esta superfamília ao longo do tempo em Angola é analisado. PalavRas ‑chave África · Conservação · Ecologia · Endemismo · Taxonomia 1 Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa. R. da Escola Politécnica, 58. 1250 ‑102 Lisboa, Portugal 2 CIBIO‑InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos. Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 ‑661 Vairão, Portugal 3 Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Ap. 8221. PT ‑1803 ‑001 Lisboa, Portugal 4 University of Pretoria; 183 van der Merwe Street, Rietondale 0084, Pretoria, South Africa 228 Biodiversidade de Angola Introdução Angola é um grande país de 1 246 700 km2, notável pela grande diversidade da sua fisiografia, clima, habitats e pela biodiversidade resultante, conforme pormenorizado por Huntley (2019).
    [Show full text]
  • The Butterflies and Skippers (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Angola: an Updated Checklist
    Chapter 10 The Butterflies and Skippers (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Angola: An Updated Checklist Luís F. Mendes, A. Bivar-de-Sousa, and Mark C. Williams Abstract Presently, 792 species/subspecies of butterflies and skippers (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are known from Angola, a country with a rich diversity of habitats, but where extensive areas remain unsurveyed and where systematic collecting pro- grammes have not been undertaken. Only three species were known from Angola in 1820. From the beginning of the twenty-first century, many new species have been described and more than 220 faunistic novelties have been assigned. As a whole, of the 792 taxa now listed for Angola, 57 species/subspecies are endemic and almost the same number are known to be near-endemics, shared by Angola and by one or another neighbouring country. The Nymphalidae are the most diverse family. The Lycaenidae and Papilionidae have the highest levels of endemism. A revised check- list with taxonomic and ecological notes is presented and the development of knowl- edge of the superfamily over time in Angola is analysed. Keywords Africa · Conservation · Ecology · Endemism · Taxonomy L. F. Mendes (*) Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] A. Bivar-de-Sousa Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] M. C. Williams Pretoria University, Pretoria, South Africa e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2019 167 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Butterflies
    川 TTERFLIES PhilipJ. DeVries Center for BiodiversityStudies, Milwaukee PublicMuseum Overview of Butterfly Taxonomic Diversity BUTTERFLIES LIKELY REPRESENT the most familiar I1. Early Stages and Host Relationships and best known group of all insects. Within the II1. Butterfly-Ant Symbioses context of human society, butterflies serve as center ﾂ IV. Butterfly Mimicry and Diversity pieces in educational media, they are used extensively V. GeographicalPatterns of Butterfly Diversity in the arts, including nature and commercial advertis ﾂ V1. Butterfly Diversity and Habitat Destruction ing, and they are used as symbols for religious and social groups. Within the field of biology, studies on butterflies have been fundamental to the development GLOSSARY of biogeography, behavior, coevolution, conservation, development, ecological genetics, evolution,global warming, mimicry, ﾂ aposematic Describing an organism that is rendered population ecology, sexual selec tion, speciation, symbiotic associations, and systemat- less susceptible to predation by advertising its obvi ﾂ ics. In summary, butterflies have been important to ous unpalatability. Batesian mimicry A form of mimicry in which the how we perceive biodiversity. target organism is rendered less susceptible to preda ﾂ tion by its resemblancein morphologyor coloration to a different species that is unpalatable. 1.OVERVIEW OF BUTTERFLY cryptic Describing an organism that is concealed or TAXONOMICDIVERSITY obscured by the similarity of its appearance to the surrounding environment. Although butterflies may be the best known group of Mullenan mimicry A form of mimicry in which two insects, our understandingof their taxonomic diversity or more unpalatable species resemble each other, has two fundamentalweaknesses. The first regards the with the effect that predators are more likely to avoid recent declineof professional butterflytaxonomists and any species with this appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of the Nimba Mountains, Liberia Report on the Butterfly Surveys
    Nimba Western Range Iron Ore Project, Liberia Biodiversity Conservation Programme 2011-2015 Butterflies of the Nimba Mountains, Liberia Report on the butterfly surveys (2013-2014) for ArcelorMittal, Liberia Photo by André Coetzer Szabolcs Sáfián VERSION DATE: DEC 2014 ArcelorMittal Liberia Ltd. P.O. Box 1275 Tubman Boulevard at 15th Street Sinkor, Monrovia Liberia T +231 77 018 056 www.arcelormittal.com Western Range Iron Ore Project, Liberia Biodiversity Conservation Programme, 2011-2015 Butterflies of the Nimba mountains, Liberia: Report on the butterfly surveys 2013-2014 for Arcelormittal Liberia Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS ......................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Survey areas and habitats ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Survey methods ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Faunal surveys (non-standardised methods) .......................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Butterfly monitoring (standardised methods) ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of the "Four Corners Area"
    AWF FOUR CORNERS TBNRM PROJECT : REVIEWS OF EXISTING BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION i Published for The African Wildlife Foundation's FOUR CORNERS TBNRM PROJECT by THE ZAMBEZI SOCIETY and THE BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR AFRICA 2004 PARTNERS IN BIODIVERSITY The Zambezi Society The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P O Box HG774 P O Box FM730 Highlands Famona Harare Bulawayo Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Tel: +263 4 747002-5 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.biodiversityfoundation.org Website : www.zamsoc.org The Zambezi Society and The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa are working as partners within the African Wildlife Foundation's Four Corners TBNRM project. The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa is responsible for acquiring technical information on the biodiversity of the project area. The Zambezi Society will be interpreting this information into user-friendly formats for stakeholders in the Four Corners area, and then disseminating it to these stakeholders. THE BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR AFRICA (BFA is a non-profit making Trust, formed in Bulawayo in 1992 by a group of concerned scientists and environmentalists. Individual BFA members have expertise in biological groups including plants, vegetation, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, aquatic invertebrates and ecosystems. The major objective of the BFA is to undertake biological research into the biodiversity of sub-Saharan Africa, and to make the resulting information more accessible. Towards this end it provides technical, ecological and biosystematic expertise. THE ZAMBEZI SOCIETY was established in 1982. Its goals include the conservation of biological diversity and wilderness in the Zambezi Basin through the application of sustainable, scientifically sound natural resource management strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Review 53
    Vol. 3 No. 1 1992 BOOK REVIEW 53 Tropical Lepidoptera, 3(1): 53-54 BOOK REVIEW THE BUTTERFLIES OF KENYA AND THEIR NATURAL HISTORY, by Torben B. Larsen. 1991. Oxford University Press, New York. 490 pp., illustr. 64 col. pis. Hardcover, 17.5 x 25.2 cm. ISBN 0-19-854011-6. Price: $195.00. With approximately 3,500 species of butterflies, the continent of organization of the material offers a great deal of information not Africa is about half as rich as that of South America in butterfly usually included in faunal or field-guide butterfly books. A nice species. Special groups in the African butterfly fauna such as summary of the characteristics of a family is followed by a brief Charaxes and Colotis, though, have attracted lepidopterists for mention of the subfamily and then a more extensive introduction centuries, and many have collected in what is now the country of to a genus. Within each genus account are included tallies of the Kenya in East Africa. Yet it has remained until 1991 for an number of species in Africa and the number represented in Kenya. ambitious author with the outstanding credentials of Torben B. Larval foodplants and other interesting annotations on the generic Larsen to tackle the task of producing an identification guide to the level are also given. butterflies of Kenya. Larsen has previously written and published Then each species account begins with a numbered scientific a superb series of books on the butterfly faunas of the countries name entry, the author and date of description, and a common or located at the northern edge of the Ethiopian Region.
    [Show full text]