(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies
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Metamorphosis Issn 1018–6490 (Print) Issn 2307–5031 (Online) Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa
Volume 31: 4–6 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA NOTE Unique genitalic structure in a West African lycaenid butterfly, Liptena seyboui Warren-Gash & Larsen, 2003 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Poritiinae, Liptenini) Published online: 26 February 2020 Szabolcs Sáfián1 & Jadwiga Lorenc-Brudecka2 1 African Natural History Research Trust, Street Court, Kingsland, Leominster, Herefordshire, HR6 9QA, UK. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa INTRODUCTION possible to produce during the time of description. The Liberian specimen is also illustrated (Fig. 2). Liptena Westwood, [1851] is a large, quite heterogeneic genus distributed solely in the Afrotropical region with the Specimen data: ♂ LIBERIA, Wologizi Mountains, Ridge majority of species being restricted to the main Guineo- Camp 2, 8°7'20.79"N, 9°56'50.75"W, 883 m, 22– 31.xi.2018. General collecting. Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. Congolian forest zone and only a few occurring in the Leg. ANHRT: 2018.43. ANHRT unique number: southern (Zambezian) and northern (Guinea savannah) ANHRTUK00058074. transition zone and dense woodland, savannah area (Larsen 1991, 2005). Stempffer’s (1967) terminology of genitalia characters are used to described the genitalic features of L. seyboui with Male genitalia of Liptena are discussed extensively by slight modifications, where no appropriate association Stempffer (1967) and Stempffer et al. (1974), who also was possible. Genitalia were dissected using KOH illustrated genitalia of at least one species of each defined solution to dissolve soft abdominal tissue. -
The Lepidopterists' News
The Lepidopterists' News THE MONTHLY NEWSLETTER OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY P. O. Box 104, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts • Edited by"C. L. REMINGTON and' H. K. CLENCH ·V:0l. I, No. 1+ AUfjust, 1947 In a.nother month or t·:ro !'lost. collectors 1;7111 l)ave to interrupt :;o l19ct tn3 untll n8xt sprinG, and 1,'1ill be:Jn tallying their available bartering mr;J,teri2_1 fol'" a busy exchanc;e ·se3.son.. In the hope of faci11- tatinj your corresDo'1dcnce 3.1'"0 (:3xcba.nGln(~ , the T...eptdopterists t Society ':J:tll - ',)repare t11e c.:'1.1n1.lal up-to-d.n.te lIst 0:(' members, addresses, and spc lJ i alties, ' to be mailo(l l-dth tbe Oct01)l9r IfG',:TS. The oriGinal plan was J.() Y' Df;cembel", but such tJ. le.te dR.t.O wo"lld be less deslrable from the \ ::.6VTpoint of oxchan{~in3. If' Y011 fine. (1ot'Jber the 'best, it "lill become ~·he rogular' time for _distribution of t~le annual nembership list. With th0 excllaLl',So season a l)nr·oachil"l.~;~, 110~.'T ts t~1e time to send in your insert : or the "Not ices by I'-1embera" co lumn. A. t t~1is t5_r:le of year "le 1:1ill be ·~~e.d to expand it to two or even three pa,39s. * * * * * * * * * Perusal of Amerlco..n ento ~:l0 lo::.;ical journals i'Thich 1[19re appearing ,l,bout t,,,erity or thirty yearfl a{')o has reminded us of a tren~"Thich we =-1.. 1"9 sorry to [ ,OG. -
Exploitation of Lycaenid-Ant Mutualisms by Braconid Parasitoids
31(3-4):153-168,Journal of Research 1992 on the Lepidoptera 31(3-4):153-168, 1992 153 Exploitation of lycaenid-ant mutualisms by braconid parasitoids Konrad Fiedler1, Peter Seufert1, Naomi E. Pierce2, John G. Pearson3 and Hans-Thomas Baumgarten1 1 Theodor-Boveri-Zentrum für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl Zoologie II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany 2 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2902, USA 3 Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Western State College, Gunnison, CO 81230, USA Abstract. Larvae of 17 Lycaenidae butterfly species from Europe, North America, South East Asia and Australia were observed to retain at least some of their adaptations related to myrmecophily even after parasitic braconid larvae have emerged from them. The myrme- cophilous glandular organs and vibratory muscles of such larval carcasses remain functional for up to 8 days. The cuticle of lycaenid larvae contains extractable “adoption substances” which elicit anten- nal drumming in their tending ants. These adoption substances, as well, appear to persist in a functional state beyond parasitoid emer- gence, and the larval carcasses are hence tended much like healthy caterpillars. In all examples, the braconids may receive selective advantages through myrmecophily of their host larvae, instead of being suppressed by the ant guard. Interactions where parasitoids exploit the ant-mutualism of their lycaenid hosts have as yet been recorded only from the Apanteles group in the Braconidae- Microgasterinae. KEY WORDS: Lycaenidae, Formicidae, myrmecophily, adoption sub- stances, parasitoids, Braconidae, Apanteles, defensive mechanisms INTRODUCTION Parasitoid wasps or flies are major enemies of the early stages of most Lepidoptera (Shaw 1990, Weseloh 1993). -
Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies
Journal of Insect Science, (2018) 18(3): 6; 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iey046 Research The Only Blue Mimeresia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies Zsolt Bálint,1,5 Szabolcs Sáfián,2 Adrian Hoskins,3 Krisztián Kertész,4 Antal Adolf Koós,4 Zsolt Endre Horváth,4 Gábor Piszter,4 and László Péter Biró4 1Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, 2Faculty of Forestry, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary, 3Royal Entomological Society, London, United Kingdom, 4Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, and 5Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Konrad Fiedler Received 21 February 2018; Editorial decision 25 April 2018 Abstract The butterflyMimeresia neavei (Joicey & Talbot, 1921) is the only species in the exclusively African subtribal clade Mimacraeina (Lipteninae: Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) having sexual dimorphism expressed by structurally blue- colored male and pigmentary colored orange–red female phenotypes. We investigated the optical mechanism generating the male blue color by various microscopic and experimental methods. It was found that the blue color is produced by the lower lamina of the scale acting as a thin film. This kind of color production is not rare in day-flying Lepidoptera, or in other insect orders. The biological role of the blue color of M. neavei is not yet well understood, as all the other species in the clade lack structural coloration, and have less pronounced sexual dimorphism, and are involved in mimicry-rings. Key words: Africa, Lycaenidae, mimicry, thin film, wing scale The late John Nevill Eliot in his fundamental work on Lycaenidae blue dorsal wing surface, whilst the female with its bright orange classification subdivided the family into sections, tribes, and sub- appearance is a typical mimeresine. -
Acta Zool. Hung. 53 (Suppl
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 53 (Suppl. 1), pp. 211–224, 2007 THE DESCRIPTION OF THERITAS GOZMANYI FROM THE ANDES AND ITS SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION WITH SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE: EUMAEINI) BÁLINT, ZS.1, WOJTUSIAK, J.2, KERTÉSZ, K.3 and BIRÓ, L. P.3 1Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary; E-mail: [email protected] 2Zoological Museum, Jagiellonian University, 30–060 Kraków, Ingardena 6, Poland 3Department of Nanotechnology, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary A key for separating sister genera Arcas SWAINSON, 1832 and Theritas HÜBNER, 1818, plus eight nominal species placed in Theritas is given. Three species groups within the latter genus are distinguished. A new species, Theritas gozmanyi BÁLINT et WOJTUSIAK, sp. n. is described form Ecuador. The presence of a discal scent pad on the fore wing dorsal surface and spectral characteristics of the light reflected from the central part of the discal cell were used as charac- ters for discrimination of the new species. Key words: androconial clusters, spectroscopy, structural colours, Theritas species-groups INTRODUCTION The generic name Theritas was established by monotypy for the new species Theritas mavors by HÜBNER (1818). The genus-group name was not in general use until the revision of D’ABRERA (1995), who placed 23 species-group taxa in Theritas on the basis of the character “the pennent-like tail which projects out- wards, and an approximate right angle from, and as a part of, a squared-off projec- tion of the tapered h. -
“O Desenho, a Biomimética E a Produção De Cor Estrutural No Caso Da Família Lepidopteran Com O Foco Na Borboleta Morpho Didius.”
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE BELAS-ARTES ! “O desenho, A Biomimética e a Produção de cor estrutural no caso da família Lepidopteran com o foco na borboleta Morpho didius.” Juliana Cavalcanti Timotheo da Costa Trabalho de Projeto Mestrado em Desenho Trabalho de Projeto orientado pelo Prof. Pedro Salgado 2018 1 DECLARAÇÃO DE AUTORIA Eu Juliana Cavalcanti Timotheo da Costa, declaro que o presente trabalho de projeto de mestrado intitulada “O desenho, A Biomimética e a Produção de cor estrutural no caso da família Lepidopteran com o foco na borboleta Morpho didius.”, é o resultado da minha investigação pessoal e independente. O conteúdo é original e todas as fontes consultadas estão devidamente mencionadas na bibliografia ou outras listagens de fontes documentais, tal como todas as citações diretas ou indiretas têm devida indicação ao longo do trabalho segundo as normas académicas. O Candidato [assinatura] Lisboa, 27 de Outubro de 2018 2 RESUMO Este trabalho ilustra os mecanismos de produção de cor estrutural das escamas das borbo- letas Lepidopteran e como caso de estudo, a Morpho didius. A pesquisa foi conduzida pela biomimética e pelo interesse nas cores no mundo vivo, que originou um texto como cam- po de trabalho para o desenvolvimento dos desenhos. Suas classificações são ilustrações científicas por consequência do tema e ao objetivo de esclarecer as informações de cunho científico abordadas. O propósito secundário do projeto é a produção de uma revista com a apresentação do tema deste trabalho: “A Biomimética e a Produção de Cor Estrutural na Família Lepidopteran com Foco na Borboleta Morpho Didius” A pesquisa gira em torno das investigações feitas por cientistas sobre a produção de cor sem ou quase nenhum pigmento nas escamas das borboletas Lepidopterans e com o foco na es- pécie Morpho didius. -
Phylogeny of the Aphnaeinae: Myrmecophilous African Butterflies
Systematic Entomology (2015), 40, 169–182 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12098 Phylogeny of the Aphnaeinae: myrmecophilous African butterflies with carnivorous and herbivorous life histories JOHN H. BOYLE1,2, ZOFIA A. KALISZEWSKA1,2, MARIANNE ESPELAND1,2,3, TAMARA R. SUDERMAN1,2, JAKE FLEMING2,4, ALAN HEATH5 andNAOMI E. PIERCE1,2 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 2Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 3Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 4Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A. and 5Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa Abstract. The Aphnaeinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are a largely African subfamily of 278 described species that exhibit extraordinary life-history variation. The larvae of these butterflies typically form mutualistic associations with ants, and feed on awide variety of plants, including 23 families in 19 orders. However, at least one species in each of 9 of the 17 genera is aphytophagous, parasitically feeding on the eggs, brood or regurgitations of ants. This diversity in diet and type of symbiotic association makes the phylogenetic relations of the Aphnaeinae of particular interest. A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aphnaeinae was inferred from 4.4 kb covering the mitochondrial marker COI and five nuclear markers (wg, H3, CAD, GAPDH and EF1) for each of 79 ingroup taxa representing 15 of the 17 currently recognized genera, as well as three outgroup taxa. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses all support Heath’s systematic revision of the clade based on morphological characters. -
Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest. -
Diplomarbeit
DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „UV- und Polarisationssignale bei Tagfaltern“ Verfasserin Sandra Schneider angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag.rer.nat.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 439 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Diplomstudium Zoologie (Stzw) UniStG Betreuer: O. Univ.- Prof. Dr. Hannes F. Paulus 1 Für Papa 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ............................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 6 Einleitung................................................................................................................................. 7 Material und Methode ...................................................................................................... 14 Untersuchungen am Rasterelektronenmikroskop .................................................. 14 Untersuchung des Schillereffekts aus versch. Betrachtungswinkeln ................. 15 Untersuchung der Polarisationsmuster ..................................................................... 17 Untersuchung der UV-Muster ...................................................................................... 21 Untersuchung zum Thema Wärmeschutz ................................................................. 21 Ergebnisse ............................................................................................................................ -
Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and Patterns of Morphological Similarity Among Species from Eight Tribes of Nymphalidae
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000006 External morphology of the adult of Dynamine postverta (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and patterns of morphological similarity among species from eight tribes of Nymphalidae Luis Anderson Ribeiro Leite1,2, Mirna Martins Casagrande1,3 & Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke1,4 1Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531–980 Curitiba-PR, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. External morphology of the adult of Dynamine postverta (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and patterns of morphological similarity among species from eight tribes of Nymphalidae. The external structure of the integument of Dynamine postverta postverta (Cramer, 1779) is based on detailed morphological drawings and scanning electron microscopy. The data are compared with other species belonging to eight tribes of Nymphalidae, to assist future studies on the taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical Biblidinae. KEYWORDS. Abdomen; head; Insecta; morphology; Papilionoidea; thorax. Nymphalidae is a large cosmopolitan family of butter- served in dorsal view (Figs. 1–4). Two subspecies are recog- flies, with about 7,200 described species (Freitas & Brown nized according to Lamas (2004), Dynamine postverta Jr. 2004) and is perhaps the most well documented biologi- postverta (Cramer, 1779) distributed in South America and cally (Harvey 1991; Freitas & Brown Jr. 2004; Wahlberg et Dynamine postverta mexicana d’Almeida, 1952 with a dis- al. 2005). The systematic relationships are still somewhat tribution restricted to Central America. Several species sur- unclear with respect to its subfamilies, tribes and genera, and veys and other studies cite this species as Dynamine mylitta even after more than a century of studies on these groups, (DeVries 1987; Mielke 1994; Miller et al.1999; Freitas & these relationships still seem to confuse many who set out to Brown, Jr. -
Recent Diversification of Chrysoritis Butterflies in the South African Cape
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 148 (2020) 106817 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Recent diversification of Chrysoritis butterflies in the South African Cape (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) T ⁎ ⁎ Gerard Talaveraa,b, ,Zofia A. Kaliszewskab,c, Alan Heathb,d, Naomi E. Pierceb, a Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain b Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States c Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States d Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Although best known for its extraordinary radiations of endemic plant species, the South African fynbos is home Butterflies to a great diversity of phytophagous insects, including butterflies in the genus Chrysoritis (Lepidoptera: Chrysoritis Lycaenidae). These butterflies are remarkably uniform morphologically; nevertheless, they comprise 43 cur- Fynbos rently accepted species and 68 currently valid taxonomic names. While many species have highly restricted, dot- Phylogeny like distributions, others are widespread. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic and biogeographic history un- Radiation derlying their diversification by analyzing molecular markers from 406 representatives of all described species Speciation Taxonomy throughout their respective ranges. We recover monophyletic clades for both C. chrysaor and C. thysbe species- groups, and identify a set of lineages that fall between them. The estimated age of divergence for the genus is 32 Mya, and we document significantly rapid diversification of the thysbe species-group in the Pleistocene (~2 Mya). -
Faculty of Science Annual Report 2015 Faculty of Science Annual Report
2015 FACULTY OF SCIENCE ANNUAL REPORT 2015 FACULTY OF SCIENCE ANNUAL REPORT From the Dean The Faculty of Science seeks to establish itself as a respected thought leader and knowledge partner in Africa and the international academic arena. During 2015, it made great strides in its pursuit of this vision and Stellenbosch University’s strategic priorities, with its staff and students excelling in numerous ways. Research excellence The year under review saw two new research chairs being added to the Faculty’s existing nine chairs. They are the SARChI chair in Integrated Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Biology and Biotechnology, while collaborative efforts with the CSIR resulted in the implementation of a joint research chair in Quantum, Optical and Atomic Physics. Several researchers managed to secure competitive grants from South Africa’s National Research Foundation, the Volkswagen Foundation and the European Union. The Faculty realises that excellence also requires collaboration in order to enhance its international visibility and publication quality and deepen research in areas where it lacks skills or infrastructure. In the reporting year, the Faculty collaborated with more than 700 institutions worldwide. Two of these collaborations, with bioinformaticians from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium and the University of London, resulted in two workshops for staff and students on next generation sequence analyses and statistics and methods in bioinformatics. During 2015 a record number of 50 PhD and 150 Honours students graduated – the highest number of postgraduate students since 2011. Several of our researchers received recognition for research excellence, with awards being made to Prof. Bert Klumperman (2015 SASOL Chemistry Innovator of the Year medal), Prof.