“O Desenho, a Biomimética E a Produção De Cor Estrutural No Caso Da Família Lepidopteran Com O Foco Na Borboleta Morpho Didius.”

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

“O Desenho, a Biomimética E a Produção De Cor Estrutural No Caso Da Família Lepidopteran Com O Foco Na Borboleta Morpho Didius.” UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE BELAS-ARTES ! “O desenho, A Biomimética e a Produção de cor estrutural no caso da família Lepidopteran com o foco na borboleta Morpho didius.” Juliana Cavalcanti Timotheo da Costa Trabalho de Projeto Mestrado em Desenho Trabalho de Projeto orientado pelo Prof. Pedro Salgado 2018 1 DECLARAÇÃO DE AUTORIA Eu Juliana Cavalcanti Timotheo da Costa, declaro que o presente trabalho de projeto de mestrado intitulada “O desenho, A Biomimética e a Produção de cor estrutural no caso da família Lepidopteran com o foco na borboleta Morpho didius.”, é o resultado da minha investigação pessoal e independente. O conteúdo é original e todas as fontes consultadas estão devidamente mencionadas na bibliografia ou outras listagens de fontes documentais, tal como todas as citações diretas ou indiretas têm devida indicação ao longo do trabalho segundo as normas académicas. O Candidato [assinatura] Lisboa, 27 de Outubro de 2018 2 RESUMO Este trabalho ilustra os mecanismos de produção de cor estrutural das escamas das borbo- letas Lepidopteran e como caso de estudo, a Morpho didius. A pesquisa foi conduzida pela biomimética e pelo interesse nas cores no mundo vivo, que originou um texto como cam- po de trabalho para o desenvolvimento dos desenhos. Suas classificações são ilustrações científicas por consequência do tema e ao objetivo de esclarecer as informações de cunho científico abordadas. O propósito secundário do projeto é a produção de uma revista com a apresentação do tema deste trabalho: “A Biomimética e a Produção de Cor Estrutural na Família Lepidopteran com Foco na Borboleta Morpho Didius” A pesquisa gira em torno das investigações feitas por cientistas sobre a produção de cor sem ou quase nenhum pigmento nas escamas das borboletas Lepidopterans e com o foco na es- pécie Morpho didius. A análise apresenta os conceitos da luz, os mecanismos de produção da cor estrutural, os tipos e as morfologias das escamas das Lepidopterans e a evolução das borboletas Morpho. Sobre a Morpho didius, engloba seu habitat natural, a cadeia alimentar principal que participa, observações sobre a morfologia e comportamento e os fenómenos físico-ópticos que resultam da interação da luz e as nanoestruturas presentes nas escamas. A relevância do projeto é contribuir através do desenho, em explicações visuais que ilustram a metodologia da biomimética e facilitam a compreensão dos mecanismos nanoestruturais, que hoje, em maioria dos registos são fotografias de microscópio e fenómenos físicos. A interpretação ilustrada complementaria o estudo destes conceitos e o objetivo é desen- volver ilustrações que junto ao texto, sejam compreendidas por leigos, da mesma forma que o cientista pode utilizá-la em publicações. Palavras-Chave:biomimiética, ilustração científica, borboleta morpho, cor estrutural, revista. Palavras-Chave:biomimiética, ilustração científica, borboleta morpho, cor estrutural, revista. 3 ABSTRACT This work illustrates the mechanism of the Lepidopteran butterflies’s scales to produce struc- tural colour. The case study was the Morpho didius butterfly. The present research was con- ducted by the Biomimicry method with interest in the colours produced in the alive world. which originated a text as a field to develop the illustrations. Such drawings classify as scientific illustration because of their own theme, and their objective is to clarify the scientific concepts presented. Moreover, a magazine presenting the theme “The Biomimicry and the Strctural Colours production in Lepidopteran butterflies family, with focus is the Morpho didius butterfly”. The research is about the investigations made by the scientists about Lepidopteran butterflies structural colours production, and the focus is the Morpho didius butterfly. This work presents the concepts of light, the mechanisms of structural colours, the morphologies of Lepidopteran scales, the Morpho butterfly evolution. About Morpho didius, presents representations of natural habitat, the main food chain, observations about the morphology, behaviour and physical optic results of the interaction of light and the nano structures on the top of scales. The relevance of the project is to contribute through the drawing, with visuals explanations which illustrate the biomimicry methodology and smooth the nanostructural mechanisms explanation. Most of pictures on this field are electronic microscope photographs. The illustrated point of view of the studies can complement the explanation. The goal of this work is to develop illustrations which will help understanding the concepts presented. Keywords: biomimicry, scientific illustration, morpho butterfly, structural colours, magazine. 4 Dedico este trabalho a minha amada família. Minha mãe, Cristina Leser Cavalcanti, que me apoiou de todas as formas possíveis e impossíveis durante minha estadia em Portugal. À minha avó Nely Leser Cavalcanti, que me ensinou a acreditar e ter fé no meu potencial, à minha avó Zilah Timotheo da Costa, por ter me introduzido ao desenho e mostrado o valor da educação na vida de um ser humano. Ao meu pai, Marcio Timotheo da Costa, por acreditar nos meus sonhos e me estimular a continuar os perseguindo, e aos meus irmãos Cristiana Cavalcanti Timotheo da Costa e Pedro Marcio Cavalcanti Timotheo da Costa. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, agradeço a minha família, sem a qual, a conclusão desse mestrado não seria possível. À minha parceira, Isabela Aiache, pelo companherismo e opiniões impor- tantíssimas no processo desse trabalho. Agradeço ao meu orientador Pedro Salgado pela motivação artística e credibilidade durante os dois anos de mestrado. Ao professor António Pedro Marques pela dedicação e paciência em todas as aulas que tive o prazer de participar. Ao pesquisador de insectos do MUHNAC - Museu de História Natural e Ciências de Lisboa, Filipe Lopes, que facilitou meu contacto com o objeto de estudo desse trabalho, a borboleta Morpho didius. Ao investigador Sebastian Mouchet, por ter cedido um capítulo de um livro seu, junto com também notório investigador Peter Vukusic. Aos meus amigos Chris Nicklas, Maria Luisa Barbosa, Marcela Calçada, Carolina Cotrim, Gabriela Mattar, Elizabeth Grandmasson, Caio Miolo, Camille Bonneau, Giulia Gueli e Yi Zhou por não só terem se interessado e ajudado no meu trabalho, como pela companhia durante o tempo de residência em Portugal. 6 SUMÁRIO Resumo ... 3 Abstract ... 4 Agradecimentos ... 6 1) INTRODUÇÃO ... 10 1.1) A pesquisa ... 11 1.2) Biomimética ... 17 1.2.1) Princípios da Vida ... 17 1.2.2) Elementos Essenciais da Biomimética e os Princípios de Desenvolvimento ... 19 1.3) As ilustrações ... 23 1.4) O texto ... 24 1.4.1) A cor na natureza ... 24 1.4.1.1) A Luz ... 24 1.4.1.2) As cores ... 24 1.4.2) A cor estrutural ... 26 1.4.2.1) Índice de Refração ... 27 1.4.2.2) Dispersão da Luz ... 27 1.4.2.3) Refração ... 27 1.4.2.4) Difração e Grades de Difração ... 27 1.4.2.5) Interferência de Filmes Finos e Múltiplas Camadas ... 28 1.4.2.6) Cristais Fotônicos ... 29 1.4.3) Lepidopterans ... 29 1.4.3.1) Borboletas e Mariposas ... 29 1.4.3.2) Escamas e as Estruturas Fotônicas nas Lepidopteran ... 30 1.4.3.3) Morfologias das Estruturas das Escamas ... 31 1.4.3.4) Morpho ... 32 1.4.3.5) Evolução das Morpho ... 32 1.4.3.6) Morpho didius ... 33 1.4.4) O Azul e a Iridescencia ... 35 2) MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS ... 37 2.1) As informações do texto ... 37 2.2) O processo dos desenhos ... 38 2.3) Digitalização e Tratamento das imagens ... 51 2.4) Diagramação ... 52 3) DISCUSSÃO DO PROCESSO E OS RESULTADOS ... 53 4) CONCLUSÃO ... 61 5) ANEXO ... 63 6) ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ... 73 7) BIBLIOGRAFIA ... 76 8 INTRODUÇÃO Este trabalho ilustra os mecanismos de produção de cor estrutural das escamas das borbo- letas Lepidopteran e como caso de estudo, a Morpho didius. A pesquisa foi conduzida pela biomimética e pelo interesse nas cores no mundo vivo, que originou um texto como cam- po de trabalho para o desenvolvimento dos desenhos. Suas classificações são ilustrações científicas por consequência do tema e ao objetivo de esclarecer as informações de cunho científico abordadas. O propósito secundário do projeto é a produção de uma revista com a apresentação do tema deste trabalho: “A Biomimética e a Produção de Cor Estrutural na Família Lepidopteran com Foco na Borboleta Morpho Didius” A pesquisa gira em torno das investigações feitas por cientistas sobre a produção de cor sem ou quase nenhum pigmento nas escamas das borboletas Lepidopterans e com o foco na es- pécie Morpho didius. A análise apresenta os conceitos da luz, os mecanismos de produção de cor estrutural, os tipos e as morfologias das escamas das Lepidopterans e a evolução das borboletas Morpho. Sobre a Morpho didius, engloba seu habitat natural, a cadeia alimentar principal que participa, observações sobre a morfologia, comportamento e os fenómenos físico-ópticos que resultam da interação da luz e as nanoestruturas presentes nas escamas. A metodologia de desenvolvimento das ilustrações baseou-se no desenvolvimento de um texto, que organizou a exploração do tema e facilitou a percepção do que deveria ser ilustra- do. O artigo dividiu-se em três principais grupos de assuntos: 1) ecologia e morfologia das borboletas Lepidopterans e morpho didius, 2) estruturas e das escamas e estruturas fotôni- cas e 3) os fenómenos ópticos-físicos. Cada um desses grupos exigiu uma abordagem gráfi- ca e uso de materiais diferentes, pois questões diferentes exigiram soluções distintas. Entre as representações gráficas estão as ilustrações naturalistas, concepção de modelos das es- truturas, esquematização de conceitos físicos e classificam-se como ilustrações científicas. A relevância do projeto é contribuir através do desenho, em explicações visuais que ilustram a metodologia e facilitam a compreensão dos mecanismos naturais,que hoje, em maioria dos registos são fotografias de microscópio e fenómenos físicos. 10 A interpretação ilustrativa complementa o estudo destes conceitos e o objetivo é desenvolver ilustrações que junto ao texto, sejam compreendidas por leigos, da mesma forma que o cientista pode utilizá-la em publicações.
Recommended publications
  • Español (España
    SAGASTEGUIANA 4(2): 1 – 24. 2016 ISSN 2309-5644 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL LA COLECCIÓN DEL MUSEO CELESTINO KALINOWSKI DEL PARQUE DE LAS LEYENDAS, 2005 (LIMA – PERÚ) THE COLLECTION OF THE CELESTINO KALINOWSKI MUSEUM OF THE LEGENDS PARK, 2005 (LIMA - PERU) José N. Gutiérrez Ramos * *Allpa Wasi Conservación Sac. RESUMEN Se presenta el Catálogo de la Colección expuesta, como de otros al interno del Museo de Celestino Kalinowski del Parque de Las Leyendas, ubicado en la ciudad de Lima. La mayor parte de la colección, de ámbito nacional, proviene de la cantera y de la actividad taxidermica de C. Kalinowski. En el museo se exponen una relación de ejemplares de invertebrados y vertebrados, estos últimos en disposición museográfica ordenada y enmarcada en diseño de dioramas en el contexto de representación de los ecosistemas del país. Se proporciona información taxonómica e índice alfabetico del material biológico, acervo del museo en su conjunto. Palabras clave: museo, ciencias naturales, catálogo, colecciones, vertebrados ABSTRACT The Catalog of the Exposed Collection is presented, as well as of others inside the Celestino Kalinowski Museum of the Parque de Las Leyendas, located in the city of Lima. Most of the collection, of national scope, comes from the quarry and the taxidermic activity of C. Kalinowski. The museum exhibits a list of invertebrate and vertebrate specimens, the latter in an ordered museographic arrangement framed in the design of dioramas in the context of representation of the country's ecosystems. Taxonomic information and the alphabetical index of the biological material, the collection of the museum as a whole, are provided. Keywords: museum, natural sciences, catalog, collections, vertebrates, invertebrates Recibido: 30 Julio 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomarbeit
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „UV- und Polarisationssignale bei Tagfaltern“ Verfasserin Sandra Schneider angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag.rer.nat.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 439 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Diplomstudium Zoologie (Stzw) UniStG Betreuer: O. Univ.- Prof. Dr. Hannes F. Paulus 1 Für Papa 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ............................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 6 Einleitung................................................................................................................................. 7 Material und Methode ...................................................................................................... 14 Untersuchungen am Rasterelektronenmikroskop .................................................. 14 Untersuchung des Schillereffekts aus versch. Betrachtungswinkeln ................. 15 Untersuchung der Polarisationsmuster ..................................................................... 17 Untersuchung der UV-Muster ...................................................................................... 21 Untersuchung zum Thema Wärmeschutz ................................................................. 21 Ergebnisse ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and Patterns of Morphological Similarity Among Species from Eight Tribes of Nymphalidae
    Revista Brasileira de Entomologia http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000006 External morphology of the adult of Dynamine postverta (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and patterns of morphological similarity among species from eight tribes of Nymphalidae Luis Anderson Ribeiro Leite1,2, Mirna Martins Casagrande1,3 & Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke1,4 1Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531–980 Curitiba-PR, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. External morphology of the adult of Dynamine postverta (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and patterns of morphological similarity among species from eight tribes of Nymphalidae. The external structure of the integument of Dynamine postverta postverta (Cramer, 1779) is based on detailed morphological drawings and scanning electron microscopy. The data are compared with other species belonging to eight tribes of Nymphalidae, to assist future studies on the taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical Biblidinae. KEYWORDS. Abdomen; head; Insecta; morphology; Papilionoidea; thorax. Nymphalidae is a large cosmopolitan family of butter- served in dorsal view (Figs. 1–4). Two subspecies are recog- flies, with about 7,200 described species (Freitas & Brown nized according to Lamas (2004), Dynamine postverta Jr. 2004) and is perhaps the most well documented biologi- postverta (Cramer, 1779) distributed in South America and cally (Harvey 1991; Freitas & Brown Jr. 2004; Wahlberg et Dynamine postverta mexicana d’Almeida, 1952 with a dis- al. 2005). The systematic relationships are still somewhat tribution restricted to Central America. Several species sur- unclear with respect to its subfamilies, tribes and genera, and veys and other studies cite this species as Dynamine mylitta even after more than a century of studies on these groups, (DeVries 1987; Mielke 1994; Miller et al.1999; Freitas & these relationships still seem to confuse many who set out to Brown, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Physics of Structural Colors
    HOME | SEARCH | PACS & MSC | JOURNALS | ABOUT | CONTACT US Physics of structural colors This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2008 Rep. Prog. Phys. 71 076401 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0034-4885/71/7/076401) The Table of Contents and more related content is available Download details: IP Address: 132.72.138.1 The article was downloaded on 02/07/2008 at 16:04 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP PUBLISHING REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Rep. Prog. Phys. 71 (2008) 076401 (30pp) doi:10.1088/0034-4885/71/7/076401 Physics of structural colors S Kinoshita, S Yoshioka and J Miyazaki Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Received 3 September 2007, in final form 16 January 2008 Published 6 June 2008 Online at stacks.iop.org/RoPP/71/076401 Abstract In recent years, structural colors have attracted great attention in a wide variety of research fields. This is because they are originated from complex interaction between light and sophisticated nanostructures generated in the natural world. In addition, their inherent regular structures are one of the most conspicuous examples of non-equilibrium order formation. Structural colors are deeply connected with recent rapidly growing fields of photonics and have been extensively studied to clarify their peculiar optical phenomena. Their mechanisms are, in principle, of a purely physical origin, which differs considerably from the ordinary coloration mechanisms such as in pigments, dyes and metals, where the colors are produced by virtue of the energy consumption of light.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Journal of Insect Science, (2018) 18(3): 6; 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iey046 Research Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article-abstract/18/3/6/5001952 by MTA Wigner Research Centre for Physics user on 17 September 2018 The Only Blue Mimeresia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) Uses a Color-Generating Mechanism Widely Applied by Butterflies Zsolt Bálint,1,5 Szabolcs Sáfián,2 Adrian Hoskins,3 Krisztián Kertész,4 Antal Adolf Koós,4 Zsolt Endre Horváth,4 Gábor Piszter,4 and László Péter Biró4 1Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, 2Faculty of Forestry, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary, 3Royal Entomological Society, London, United Kingdom, 4Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, and 5Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Konrad Fiedler Received 21 February 2018; Editorial decision 25 April 2018 Abstract The butterflyMimeresia neavei (Joicey & Talbot, 1921) is the only species in the exclusively African subtribal clade Mimacraeina (Lipteninae: Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) having sexual dimorphism expressed by structurally blue- colored male and pigmentary colored orange–red female phenotypes. We investigated the optical mechanism generating the male blue color by various microscopic and experimental methods. It was found that the blue color is produced by the lower lamina of the scale acting as a thin film. This kind of color production is not rare in day-flying Lepidoptera, or in other insect orders. The biological role of the blue color of M.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Land Use on Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Abundance and Diversity in the Tropical Coastal Regions of Guyana and Australia
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Sambhu, Hemchandranauth (2018) Effects of land use on butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) abundance and diversity in the tropical coastal regions of Guyana and Australia. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/5bd8e93df512e Copyright © 2018 Hemchandranauth Sambhu The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON BUTTERFLY (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY IN THE TROPICAL COASTAL REGIONS OF GUYANA AND AUSTRALIA _____________________________________________ By: Hemchandranauth Sambhu B.Sc. (Biology), University of Guyana, Guyana M.Sc. (Res: Plant and Environmental Sciences), University of Warwick, United Kingdom A thesis Prepared for the College of Science and Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy James Cook University February, 2018 DEDICATION ________________________________________________________ I dedicate this thesis to my wife, Alliea, and to our little girl who is yet to make her first appearance in this world. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ________________________________________________________ I would like to thank the Australian Government through their Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for graciously offering me a scholarship (Australia Aid Award – AusAid) to study in Australia. From the time of my departure from my home country in 2014, Alex Salvador, Katherine Elliott and other members of the AusAid team have always ensured that the highest quality of care was extended to me as a foreign student in a distant land.
    [Show full text]
  • Tympanal Ears in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Morphological Diversity and Tests on the Function of Hearing
    Tympanal Ears in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Morphological Diversity and Tests on the Function of Hearing by Laura E. Hall A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada © 2014 Laura E. Hall i Abstract Several Nymphalidae butterflies possess a sensory structure called the Vogel’s organ (VO) that is proposed to function in hearing. However, little is known about the VO’s structure, taxonomic distribution or function. My first research objective was to examine VO morphology and its accessory structures across taxa. Criteria were established to categorize development levels of butterfly VOs and tholi. I observed that enlarged forewing veins are associated with the VOs of several species within two subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Further, I discovered a putative light/temperature-sensitive organ associated with the VOs of several Biblidinae species. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that insect ears function to detect bird flight sounds for predator avoidance. Neurophysiological recordings collected from moth ears show a clear response to flight sounds and chirps from a live bird in the laboratory. Finally, a portable electrophysiology rig was developed to further test this hypothesis in future field studies. ii Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank David Hall who spent endless hours listening to my musings and ramblings regarding butterfly ears, sharing in the joy of my discoveries, and comforting me in times of frustration. Without him, this thesis would not have been possible. I thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Fruit-Feeding Butterflies Guide of Subtropical Atlantic Forest And
    Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Pereira dos Santos, Jessie; Agra Iserhard, Cristiano; Oliveira Teixeira, Melissa; Piccoli Romanowski, Helena Fruit-feeding butterflies guide of subtropical Atlantic Forest and Araucaria Moist Forest in State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Biota Neotropica, vol. 11, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2011, pp. 253-274 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199121042021 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Biota Neotrop., vol. 11, no. 3 Fruit-feeding butterflies guide of subtropical Atlantic Forest and Araucaria Moist Forest in State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Jessie Pereira dos Santos1,2, Cristiano Agra Iserhard1, Melissa Oliveira Teixeira1 & Helena Piccoli Romanowski1 1Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 2Corresponding author: Jessie Pereira dos Santos, e-mail [email protected] SANTOS, J.P., ISERHARD, C.A., TEIXEIRA, M.O. & ROMANOWSKI, H.P. Fruit-feeding butterflies guide of subtropical Atlantic Forest and Araucaria Moist Forest in State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n2/en/abstract?article+bn01311032011 Abstract: This study presents a compilation of fruit-feeding butterflies species for Rio Grande do Sul Atlantic Forest aiming to be a tool for identification of these lepidopterans from two phytophysiognomies of this biome.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalid Eyespots Are Co-Opted to Novel Wing Locations Following a Similar Pattern in Independent Lineages
    Nymphalid eyespots are co-opted to novel wing locations following a similar pattern in independent lineages Schachat, S. R., Oliver, J. C., & Monteiro, A. (2015). Nymphalid eyespots are co-opted to novel wing locations following a similar pattern in independent lineages. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15, 20. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0300-x 10.1186/s12862-015-0300-x BioMed Central Ltd. Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Schachat et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:20 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0300-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Nymphalid eyespots are co-opted to novel wing locations following a similar pattern in independent lineages Sandra R Schachat1,2*, Jeffrey C Oliver3 and Antónia Monteiro4,5,6* Abstract Background: Variation in the number of repeated traits, or serial homologs, has contributed greatly to animal body plan diversity. Eyespot color patterns of nymphalid butterflies, like arthropod and vertebrate limbs, are an example of serial homologs. These eyespot color patterns originated in a small number of wing sectors on the ventral hindwing surface and later appeared in novel wing sectors, novel wings, and novel wing surfaces. However, the details of how eyespots were co-opted to these novel wing locations are currently unknown. Results: We used a large data matrix of eyespot/presence absence data, previously assembled from photographs of contemporary species, to perform a phylogenetic investigation of eyespot origins in nine independent nymphalid lineages. To determine how the eyespot gene regulatory network acquired novel positional information, we used phylogenetic correlation analyses to test for non-independence in the origination of eyespots.
    [Show full text]
  • The Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West
    INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0539 The butterfl ies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West Indies: An updated and annotated checklist Matthew J.W. Cock CABI, Bakeham Lane Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY United Kingdom Date of Issue: April 28, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Matthew J.W. Cock The butterfl ies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West Indies: An updated and annotated checklist Insecta Mundi 0539: 1–38 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B96122B2-6325-4D7F-A260-961BB086A2C5 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomologische Zeitung
    ©Biodiversity Heritage Library, www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Redaction: Br. Heinrich Dohrn, Vorsitzender. In Commission bei der Bachhandlung' R. Friedläuder & Soliu in Berlin. 1907. 68. Jahrgang. Heft II. Verzeichnis der v(in Herrn Dr. Theodor Kocli-Orüiiberg' am oberen Wanpes 1903-1905 gesammelten Rliopaloceren mit Bespreclmng yerwandter Arten. Von H. Frulisitorl'er. (Mit einer Doppel-Tafel.) (Schluß.) Morpho peleides Gruppe. Die Formen dieser Gruppe bewohnen Zentralamerika — Ausläufer gehen östlich nach Venezuela, südlicli bis Ecuador. Wenngleich pclcidcs nur ein verhältnismäßig kleines Ge- biet bewohnt, ist seine Mutationsfähigkeit in der Morphiden- welt beispiellos und keine andere Species hat auch nur eine annähernd so sprungweise Umbildung auf geographisch eng begrenztem Flugort (selbst Inselrassen nicht ausgenommen) aufzuweisen als peleides. Die Rassen von Mexico Honduras Nicaragua Columbien statt, entomol Zeit. 1907. 14 ©Biodiversity Heritage Library, www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at stehen sich ziemHch nahe, dazwischen schieben sich in Guatemala und Costa Rica Subspecies ein, die das übHche Kleid auch unterseits (Guate- mala) völlig verändert haben und ihre Zugehörigkeit zum Stamm ist nur vermöge des Flügelschnitts und der Ocellen- Anlage zu konstatieren. a. peleides montezuma Guen. M. montezuma Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1859 P- 373- Staudgr. Exot. Schmetterl. 1888 p. 209. M. peleides Godman und Salvin. Biolog. Zentr. Americ. p. ?? Patria: Mexico. peleides octavia Bates. M. octavia Bates, Ent. M. Mag. I. p. 163, 1864. Staudgr. 1. c. Flügeloberseite mit Ausnahme der hyalinen weißlich braunen Distalpartic, lichtblau. Unterseite verwaschen braun, außen hellstrohfarbcn. Ocellen sehr groß. Patria: Guatemala, 2 ^^^^ 1 V Coli. Fruhstorfer. b. peleides hyacinthus Butl.
    [Show full text]
  • 2001 Contents
    Carol Sellers, 118 Airdric Road, Toronto, Ontario, 1\'14G 11\'15 NSECTS THE NEWSJOURNAL OF THE TORONTO ENTOMOLOGISTS' ASSOCIATION VOLUME 6, NUMBER 2 JANUARY 2001 Contents Notes From The Editors' Desks 25 Entomophilia by Carolyn King 26 Announcements 26 Upcoming Meetings 27 Late Season Insect Sightings 2000 28 2000 Meeting Reports by Nancy van der Poorten 30 Results ofthe 2000 Presqu'ile Butterfly Count by Philip Careless 32 Notes on Nest Cavity Excavation by a Sphecid Wasp by William Mcilveen 34 Results ofthe Algonquin Odonate Counts 1999 & 2000 by Colin Jones 37 Monarch Notes by Don Davis and Carolyn King ..40 2000 Field Trip Reports by Nancy van der Poorten : .42 Flea Market(Classifieds) Inside BackCover In the Next Issue Inside Back Cover Front Cover illustration: T Shirt Contest Winning Entry by Pamela Meacher Issue Date: January 20, 2001 ISSN: 1203-3995 Members Please Note: The deadline for submissions to the May 2001 issue of Ontario Insects is March 1. Late submissions may be added at the discretion of the Editor after that date. If there are any questions or concerns regarding submissions, please feel free to contact the NEW EDITOR, Colin Jones: Box 182, Lakefield, ON, KOL 2HO, Tel (home): 705-652-5004, Tel (work): 705­ 755-2166, email: [email protected] Please remember when submitting electronic information to minimize format­ ting and send documents as plain text wherever possible. Ontario Insects Notes from the up-and-coming editor: Greetings fellow TEA members! As the Natural Resources, Peterborough. I live regular contributors to 01 in the past, I up-and-coming editor of Ontario in Lakefield (just north of Peterborough) look forward to working with you in the Insects, I thought that I would take this with my wife, Marianne and my two future.
    [Show full text]