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Five New Peruvian Subspecies of Morpho (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Morphinae)

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Five New Peruvian Subspecies of Morpho (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Morphinae) Rev. peru. Entomol. 45: 65 - 70. Diciembre 2006 65 Five new Peruvian subspecies of Morpho (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Morphinae) Patrick Blandin1 Gerardo Lamas2 SUMMARY BLANDIN P, LAMAS G. 2006. Five new Peruvian subspecies of Morpho (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Morphinae). Rev. peru. Entomol. 45.- Five new subspecies of Morpho are described herein from Peru: Morpho cisseis cabrera Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., from the upper Río Madre de Dios (Department Madre de Dios), M. c. jeannoti Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., from the Río Aguaytía basin (Department Ucayali), M. amphitryon duchenei Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., from the “upper Río Nieva” forests (border between the Departments Amazonas and San Martín), M. sulkowskyi calderoni Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., and M. s. nieva Lamas & Blandin ssp. nov., two very distinctive subspecies from different mountain chains in Departments Amazonas and San Martín. Key words: Andes, Lepidoptera, Morphinae, Peru. RESUMEN BLANDIN P, LAMAS G. 2006. Cinco subespecies nuevas de Morpho de Perú (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Morphinae). Rev. peru. Entomol. 45.- Describimos aquí cinco subespecies nuevas de Morpho de Perú: Morpho cisseis cabrera Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., del alto Río Madre de Dios (departamento Madre de Dios), M. c. jeannoti Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., de la cuenca del Río Aguaytía (departamento Ucayali), M. amphitryon duchenei Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., de los bosques del “alto Río Nieva” (borde entre los departamentos Amazonas y San Martín), M. sulkowskyi calderoni Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov., y M. s. nieva Lamas & Blandin ssp. nov., dos subespecies muy notorias de diferentes cadenas montañosas en los departamentos Amazonas y San Martín. Palabras clave: Andes, Lepidoptera, Morphinae, Perú. Introduction discovered in the mountain chain forming the border between the Amazonas and San Martín According to Lamas (2004), 17 species of the departments; and iii) two subspecies of the cloud nymphaline genus Morpho Fabricius, 1807 are forest specialist Morpho sulkowskyi Kollar, 1850, found in Peru, twelve of which were reviewed discovered in two different mountain chains in previously by Blandin (188, 1). However, Departments Amazonas and San Martín. Color knowledge of the geographical distribution of illustrations of all these new taxa will appear in those species in the country is still quite limited. the forthcoming book by Blandin (2007). Nevertheless, during recent years new data have been obtained from some insufficiently known Specimens examined are deposited in the areas. As a result, we have found several new following collections: taxa at the subspecific level, which we describe herein, namely (i) two subspecies of Morpho cisseis MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860, a lowland Amazonian Naturelle, Paris, France. species which shows considerable diversification MUSM Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, in several valleys at the base of the eastern slopes Universidad Nacional Mayor de San of the Andes; (ii) one subspecies of Morpho Marcos, Lima, Perú. amphitryon Staudinger, 1887, a scarce species PCGJ Private collection of Georges Jeannot, living in Andean montane forests at altitudes Paris, France. ranging from some 700 to slightly over 2000 m, and whose northernmost population has been Morpho cisseis cabrera Blandin & Lamas ssp. nov. 1 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 15, 57 rue The subspecies Morpho cisseis cisseis C. Felder Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional & R. Felder, 1860, from Brazil, Amazonian Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-044, Lima-14, Perú. E- basin south of the Amazon river, and M. c. mail: [email protected] cisseistricta Le Moult & Réal, 162, from Bolivia, Int Entomologia.indd 65 14/2/07 17:14:38 66 REVISTA PERUANA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA Vol. 45, Dic. 2006 are monomorphic, showing on the wings above edge, the overall appearance of cabrera is both a bright blue coloration, sometimes with a violet more contrasted and shinier. tinge. In Peru, M. cisseis is represented by two polymorphic subspecies, exhibiting a whole Type-material (all from Peru): Holotype ♂, range of intermediate coloration stages, from Madre de Dios, Salvación, Río Yunguyo, 500- specimens having a pure blue discal area, to 700 m (M. Cabrera), June 14, in the MUSM. individuals with the distal part of the blue discal Paratypes: 4 ♂, same data as holotype, in the area tinted ochre with more or less reddish- MUSM; 1 ♂, same data as holotype, in the MNHN copper reflections. These are M. c. phanodemus (number PBM 206); 11 ♂, same data as holotype Hewitson, 186, known from the following but without date, in the MNHN (numbers PBM Peruvian localities: Iquitos, Tarapoto, Juanjui, 207-2107); 2 ♂, same data as holotype but Río Ucayali, and Río Inambari; and M. c. gahua without date, in the PCGJ. Blandin, 188, from the area of Tingo María, in the upper Río Huallaga (Blandin 188). During the Etymology: Dedicated to Mario Cabrera, last few years we have been able to study several school teacher at Salvación; thanks to him, the specimens collected in the area of Salvación knowledge of the Morpho species from the upper (Río Alto Madre de Dios) (5 ♂ in MUSM, 12 ♂ in valley of the Río Alto Madre de Dios increased MNHN, and ♂ in PCGJ; we have not examined substantially in the last two decades. A noun in any female, but we have seen photographs of apposition. two individuals. These specimens represent a polymorphic population of Morpho cisseis, which shows •strong affinities with phanodemus; Morpho cisseis jeannoti Blandin & Lamas nevertheless, there are differences which justify ssp. nov. the description of a new subspecies. During the last few years, specimens of M. Diagnosis. Male.- FW length 4 mm cisseis from the Río Previsto, a tributary of the (holotype); wingspan 15-160 mm in the Río Aguaytía (department Ucayali), have been paratypes, the majority being between 145-150 obtained (1 ♂ in MUSM; 8 ♂, 2 ♀ in MNHN; 2 ♂, 6 mm. Forewing above with colored area along ♀ in PCGJ). Moreover, there are ♂ in MUSM, one vein M at distal end of discal cell exceeding 10 from the same general area (Boquerón del Padre mm in width, as developed as in phanodemus, Abad), one from the Cordillera del Sira, between its distal edge often forming strong teeth, as the Río Pachitea and the Río Ucayali, and one in phanodemus. This area can be completely from the Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, blue (with a whitish bright zone at the base of Paujil, upstream in the Río Pachitea valley. the wing) or golden ochre in its distal part; the These specimens show strong polymorphism, complete range of intermediates exists; when the with: 1) individuals with the forewing colored ochre is just encroaching into the blue, it takes on area wholly blue, extending slightly beyond a beautiful wine-colored tinge. The colored area the postero-distal tip of the discal cell, as in penetrates into the end of the forewing discal M. c. gahua; 2) individuals also with a narrow cell, forming a well defined mark there, as is colored area, in which an ochre tint takes more usually the case in phanodemus. Hindwing above or less the place of the blue, as in M. c. gahua; with colored basal area always blue, lightened, ) individuals with a wider forewing colored sometimes very clearly, in the most proximal area (intermediate between typical specimens zone, by a whitish area; the ochre tint sometimes of gahua and phanodemus), widely covered with appears along the costa, but remains very ochre; and 4) specimens with the colored areas limited. The essential difference with phanodemus almost wholly ochre, including the hindwing; concerns the shading behind the forewing moreover, the ochre can be tinged with bright discal cell: behind it, at the level of cells Cu1- orange or, on the contrary, it can take a greyish Cu2 and Cu2-2A, the brown black ground color tint. We regard these specimens as representing forms a clearly more extensive shadow than in a new subspecies. phanodemus; the boundary between this shadow and the colored area is usually quite clear (in Diagnosis. Male.- FW length 5 mm phanodemus this shading is reduced – sometimes (holotype), wingspan 140-158 mm. Forewing strongly – by a covering of colored metallic scales, above with colored area at distal end of discal so that its border with the colored area becomes cell along vein M varying from less than 5 to blurred). Overall, the colors are brighter than in about 10 mm in width, being less developed phanodemus; the blue, in particular, is generally than in phanodemus but often more so than in clearer (it often has a slight greenish yellow tinge gahua. This area can be completely blue (with a in phanodemus); because the brown black shadow whitish bright zone at the wing base), or wholly behind the forewing discal cell has a clearer ochre (with a reduced greenish yellow brighter Int Entomologia.indd 66 14/2/07 17:14:40 67 zone at the wing base); the ochre can be bright (Huánuco department), more than 200 km N with an orange tinge, or quite dull, sometimes of Chanchamayo. Recently, specimens were greyish. Particularly in the ochre specimens, the discovered in the region of the “Alto Río Nieva”, colored area may penetrate the distal end of the at the mountains forming the border between discal cell, sometimes over a relatively extensive the departments of Amazonas and San Martín, area but without forming a well-defined mark, more than 400 km N of Tingo María. These as is usually the case in phanodemus; behind specimens are obviously different from cinereus the discal cell, at the base of cells Cu1-Cu2 and and represent a new subspecies. Cu2-2A, the brown-black ground color forms a more extended shadow than in phanodemus and Diagnosis. Male.- FW length, 84-87 mm, its border with the colored area is often a little wingspan 14-150 mm.
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